CN114885689A

CN114885689A - Cultivation method of peony seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN114885689A
Application number: CN202210470853.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李钰; 邓洁琼; 杨晓; 叶霄; 黄位年; 曾静; 尹存平; 李姝�
Original assignee: Industrial Crop Research Institute
Current assignee: Industrial Crop Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-04-28
Filing date: 2022-04-28
Publication date: 2022-08-12
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-28
Also published as: CN114885689B

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of peony seedlings, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a cutting material, wherein the cutting material comprises 5-8 compound leaves; cutting off the cutting material to obtain at least 2 sections of the material to be cut; placing each material to be cut into clear water for culturing for 120-130 days to obtain seedlings to be transplanted, or performing soil culture on the cutting materials for 120-130 days to obtain seedlings to be transplanted; transplanting the seedlings to be transplanted to 15-25 ℃ for cultivation for 20-30 days to obtain peony seedlings; the peony has developed root system, 8-25 main roots and 3-21 lateral roots, and has high application value.

Description

Cultivation method of peony seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a cultivation method of peony seedlings.

Background

The medicine is used as a gardening and medicinal plant, has nearly 4000 years of planting and utilization history in China, and has wide application and large demand. In horticulture, peony is a traditional famous flower in China, and flower type is rich, which is praised as one of "the six famous flowers" which are mutually in the middle of flower. In terms of medicine, the root of Chinese herbaceous peony is used in Chinese pharmacopoeia, and is divided into the medicinal material of white peony root and red peony root according to different processing modes or sources, the white peony root is used for nourishing blood, regulating menstruation, astringing yin, arresting sweating, softening liver, relieving pain and calming liver yang, and the red peony root is used for clearing heat, cooling blood, removing stasis and relieving pain, and is a large medicinal material for Chinese families.

The peony is a herbaceous plant for many years, and in the aspect of seedling breeding, the propagation coefficient is low, so that the market demand and development are difficult to meet, and the problem that the development of the peony industry is limited all the time is solved. In the production at present, the peony is usually bred by adopting root tuber bud heads, mother plants planted for 3 to 4 years are dug, the roots with buds can be divided into 3 to 5 roots, and the rest roots without buds are sold as medicinal materials, so that the breeding coefficient is low and the breeding time is long. In addition, peony can be bred by using seeds, but most peony petals are particularly ornamental varieties, and the peony petals cannot normally seed and do not have sexual propagation capacity due to stamen or pistil petal transformation.

The existing peony seedling breeding patent technology, for example, the specialty of using peony root segments as cutting slips (application number: CN201610881019.0), still needs to dig peony roots, which generally needs to plant seeds for more than 3 years, and there is a conflict between cutting root segments and selling peony roots as medicinal materials, which can reduce economic benefits of medicinal material planters.

In another patent application, peony stalks are used for cutting and breeding seedlings (application number: CN201310505898.3), but the technology is complex, dark treatment is needed, various bacteria solutions with specific concentrations, fertilizers and hormones are needed for treatment, and low-frequency ultrasonic treatment is needed for cutting slips, so that the practical application threshold in production is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems of the two existing methods for breeding the peony seedlings, the invention provides a cultivation method for the peony seedlings, which greatly saves operation steps, has strong actual operability and saves seedling time.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cultivation method of peony seedlings comprises the following steps:

obtaining a cutting material, wherein the cutting material is the overground part stem of the peony; the cutting material comprises 5-8 compound leaves;

cutting off the cutting material to obtain at least 2 sections of materials to be cut;

culturing each material to be subjected to cuttage for 120-130 days to obtain seedlings to be transplanted;

transplanting the seedlings to be transplanted, and culturing for 20-30 days at 15-25 ℃ to obtain the peony seedlings.

Further limiting, cutting off the cutting material to obtain at least 2 sections of materials to be cut;

the distance between the cut at the cut and the adjacent bud is 1-2 cm.

Further limiting, the material to be cut is placed in clear water for cultivation or is subjected to soil cultivation.

Further limiting, the length of the seedlings to be transplanted inserted into the clear water is 1-2 cm when the seedlings are placed in the clear water for cultivation.

Further limiting, when the material to be subjected to cuttage is placed in clear water for cultivation, the clear water is replaced every 5-8 days.

Further defined, the soil culture substrate used in the soil culture comprises peat soil, perlite and vermiculite; preferably, the volume ratio of the peat soil to the perlite to the vermiculite is 1-3: 1-2.

Further limiting, the length of the seedlings to be transplanted embedded in the soil culture substrate is 2-3 cm when the seedlings are subjected to soil culture.

Further limiting, when the top end of the cutting material is provided with flowers, in the process of cutting off the cutting material, firstly, the flowers and 1-2 pieces of compound leaves on the top of the cutting material are cut off.

Further, the material to be cut at least comprises 2 compound leaves.

And further limiting, wherein water control treatment needs to be carried out for 5-7 days before transplanting the seedlings to be transplanted.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the seedling raising method disclosed by the invention, transplanting can be carried out only in half a year in the whole seedling raising process, which is completely shorter than 9 months in the prior art, so that the seedling raising time can be shortened; the peony seedlings can be obtained by combining three steps of water culture, soil culture and transplanting culture, and the obtained peony seedlings have developed root systems, 8-25 main roots and 3-21 lateral roots and have higher application value; in the processes of water culture, soil culture and transplantation, in particular, in the process of water culture, only clear water is used as a culture solution, and the developed degree and the robust degree of the obtained seedling root system are superior to those of the seedlings obtained by adding other components such as rooting powder and/or carbendazim into the clear water.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of callus formation after completion of hydroponics in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the soil culture of example 2;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the end of the transplantation in example 1 after the culture;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the end of the transplantation in example 2.

Detailed Description

As used herein, the term "comprising" is synonymous with "including," "containing," or "characterized by," and is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional unrecited elements or method steps. "comprising" is a term of art used in claim language and means that the recited elements are present but that other elements may be added and still form a structure or method within the scope of the recited claims.

Aiming at the problems of conflict with economic benefits existing in the existing rhizome seedling culture and poor operability of practical application existing in the stem seedling culture, the invention provides a culture method of peony seedlings, and as used herein, the peony seedlings refer to plants which are transplanted in an environment suitable for normal growth of peony and grow into mature plants, and are used for selling or eating peony roots or peony seeds as medicinal materials in the market; suitably, the "environment suitable for normal growth of paeonia lactiflora" refers to an environment containing necessary substances and trace elements required for growth of paeonia lactiflora so that paeonia lactiflora can grow into a sound and stout mature plant smoothly; suitably, the term "robust" refers to mature plants having a rootstock diameter greater than 1 cm.

The cultivation method of the peony seedlings comprises the following steps:

s1, obtaining a cutting material, wherein the cutting material is part of stems above a peony ground, and the cutting material comprises 5-8 compound leaves; as used herein, the "obtaining cutting material" may specifically, but not exclusively, be: selecting strong and disease-free stalks before or after the peony is full-blown, cutting the stalks with sharp scissors under 5-8 complex leaves from the top end of the stalks, suitably 5 leaves, to obtain the cutting material; as used herein, the term "compound leaf" refers to a leaf consisting of two or more separate leaflets co-grown on a petiole; as used herein, the term "robust" refers to stalks having a cross-sectional diameter greater than 0.3 cm; as used herein, the "disease-free" means that the leaves and stems of paeonia lactiflora are intact and have a dark green color; as used herein, the term "intact" refers to a cavity created by a non-harmful insect eating; as used herein, the "tip" refers to the end distal to the rhizome.

S2, cutting off the cutting material to obtain at least 2 sections of to-be-cut material, and properly 2 sections; as used herein, the "cutting off the cutting material" may specifically, but not exclusively, be:

when the top end of the cutting material has flowers, the flowers and 1 to 2 pieces of compound leaves at the top end of the cutting material are cut off, and as used herein, the 1 to 2 pieces refer to the 1 to 2 pieces of compound leaves counted from the top end of the cutting material toward the rhizome, suitably, the 1 st piece; as used herein, the "at least 2 segments" as used herein means 2, 3, 4; and cutting off the stems under the 3 rd compound leaves to obtain 2 sections of the materials to be cut, wherein the stems for retaining the 2 nd and 3 rd compound leaves and the stems for retaining the 4 th and 5 th compound leaves are respectively used as the materials to be cut.

And when the top end of the cutting material does not have flowers, cutting off the stems under the 3 rd compound leaves to obtain 2 sections of the material to be cut, wherein the stems for retaining the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd compound leaves and the stems for retaining the 4 th and 5 th compound leaves are respectively used as the material to be cut.

Aiming at the two cutting materials, after cutting, the cut of the material to be cut is properly the distance between the cut at the lower end cutting part and the adjacent bud of 1-2 cm, and the condition that the adjacent bud is submerged by the culture solution after the lower end cut is inserted into the culture solution to influence the adjacent bud to grow into strong stalks and compound leaves is avoided. S3, placing each material to be subjected to cuttage in clear water for culturing for 120-130 days to obtain seedlings to be transplanted;

as used herein, the "clear water" refers to water that is clear and free of impurities, and as used herein, the "free of impurities" refers to water-insoluble solids that are free of macroscopic effects; as used herein, the term "clear" refers to the bottom of a container that holds water that is visible; clear water is used as culture solution, and the obtained peony seedlings have developed root systems.

As used herein, the means of securing the material to be cut includes, but is not limited to: adopt and educate seedling tray to fix its lower part, specifically do: placing the seedling raising tray in clear water, and inserting the material to be subjected to cuttage into the seedling raising bottom hole of the seedling raising tray; suitably, the length of the material to be cut placed in clear water is 1-2 cm, and the material to be cut is placed at a ventilation scattered light position based on the fact that adjacent buds of the cut at the lower end are not submerged; suitably, in the step, the replacement period of the clean water is 5-8 days, preferably 7 days, and suitably, in the step, the lower end of the wood to be cut needs to be always positioned in the clean water, so that the lower end of the wood to be cut can be ensured to be always absorbed into water.

The stem base part of the seedling to be transplanted obtained in the step is expanded to form callus.

Or;

s3, carrying out soil culture on the cuttage material for 120-130 days to obtain seedlings to be transplanted;

(ii) a As used herein, the term "soil culture" refers to culturing in a nutrient soil prepared by hand and suitable for the growth of the seedling to be transplanted, wherein the nutrient soil includes, but is not limited to, peat soil, perlite and vermiculite, and the soil can form a fluffy structure to facilitate air intake and allow sufficient oxygen to breathe at the root, and can provide nutrients and trace elements necessary for the growth process of the peony; generally, the volume ratio of peat soil, perlite and vermiculite used in the nutrient soil is 1-3: 1-2, suitably 3: 2: 1; as used herein, ways to make peat soil, perlite and vermiculite as nutrient soils include, but are not limited to: mixing peat soil, perlite and vermiculite and then wetting the mixture by clear water; as used herein, the manner of addition of the "nutrient soil" includes, but is not limited to: transferring the seedlings to be transplanted into a seedling raising tray by using a tool such as a shovel, leveling by using the tool, and then cutting the seedlings to be transplanted into the seedling raising tray containing nutrient soil; generally, the depth of the seedling to be transplanted inserted into the nutrient soil is 2cm-3cm, and preferably 2 cm; as used herein, after the transplanting of the seedlings to be transplanted is completed, the seedling tray is placed at the position of ventilated scattered light, and then the seedlings are watered thoroughly with clear water and are subjected to standing culture; properly, during the cultivation period, cleaning water spray every week for 2 times, directly watering the tray of the seedling raising tray after the water in the tray is completely dried until the depth of the sitting water is 1cm, and watering frequency is 1-2 times every week; the seedling to be transplanted obtained in the step has partial radicle, and the radicle is developed by callus formed by the expansion of the stem base part of the seedling to be transplanted.

S4, transplanting the seedlings to be transplanted to be cultivated at 15-25 ℃ for 20-30 days to obtain the peony seedlings; because peony stem cuttage is different from other plants and has slow rooting, peony needs to firstly expand to form callus on the cut section of the stem and then differentiate into roots from embryonic cells; therefore, the requirements of transplanting peony seedlings can be met only by further differentiating the radicles and the callus to form more and more vigorous roots after transplanting and culturing; as used herein, before the "transplanting", the seedling to be transplanted needs to be controlled for one week, which is mainly convenient for the seedling to be transplanted to fall off from the seedling tray for smooth transplanting, and suitably, the "falling off" may be specifically, but not limited to: patting the periphery of the dry seedling raising pot to support seedling soil at the top, and taking out the pot from the soil with complete pot soil in a back-off manner; culturing at 15-25 deg.C in greenhouse or field film-covered arched greenhouse with temperature controlled at 15-25 deg.C, and watering thoroughly.

The peony seedlings obtained by the method have developed root systems, strong plants, 8-25 main roots and 3-21 lateral roots; the whole seedling raising process is simple to operate, low in cost, short in seedling raising time (less than half a year), effective in resource utilization and high in application value, and is particularly suitable for multi-petal varieties which cannot normally fruit and single-petal varieties which can fruit.

Examples

The following examples are provided to further illustrate the invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention to the details set forth in the examples.

Example 1

The embodiment discloses a cultivation method of peony seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, cutting and material taking: taking strong and disease-free stalks of the Chinese herbaceous peony after full bloom, counting the number of the 5 th compound leaves from the top, and cutting the stalks by using sharp scissors for later use;

s2, cutting treatment: cutting stems under the 3 rd compound leaf, taking the stems reserved with the 1 st, the 2 nd and the 3 rd compound leaves and the stems reserved with the 4 th and the 5 th compound leaves as cutting ears for standby, wherein the cut is 1cm away from the nearest bud;

s3, water culture cuttage and management: and (4) inverting the seedling raising plate in clear water, inserting the cutting slips into the seedling raising bottom hole, enabling the cutting slips to penetrate into the water surface by 2cm, and placing the cutting slips at a ventilation scattered light position. During the cultivation period, the clear water is replaced once every week, the bottom of the cutting is kept below the water surface all the time, and the cultivation period is 120 days;

s4, transplanting time and steps: directly transplanting the water culture medium to a greenhouse or a field film-covered arched greenhouse with the temperature of 15-25 ℃ after the water culture is finished, and watering thoroughly for culturing for 30 days.

Example 2

s1, cutting and material taking: taking strong and disease-free stalks of Chinese herbaceous peony before full bloom, counting the number of the 5 th compound leaves from the top, and cutting the stalks with sharp scissors for later use;

s2, cutting treatment: cutting the lower end of the first compound leaf, removing the top flower and the first compound leaf, cutting the stem under the 3 rd compound leaf, and taking the stems retaining the 2 nd and 3 rd compound leaves and the stems retaining the 4 th and 5 th compound leaves as cutting ears for later use;

s3, soil culture cuttage and management: the formula of the soil culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: perlite: vermiculite 3: 2:1, adding clear water, fully wetting, transferring to a seedling tray, flattening the matrix, inserting the peony cuttings with the depth of 3cm, placing in a ventilation scattering light position, thoroughly watering, and standing for culture. During the cultivation period, cleaning water spray every week for moisturizing for 2 times, directly watering the tray of the seedling raising tray after the water in the tray is completely dried until the depth of the sitting water is 1cm, watering frequency every week for 1 time, and cultivating for 130 days;

s4, transplanting time and steps: before transplanting, controlling water for one week by soil-cultured Chinese herbaceous peony seedlings, lightly beating the periphery of a dry seedling-culturing pot, supporting seedling soil at the top, reversely buckling the pot with complete pot soil, taking off the pot, then transplanting the cutting seedlings with complete soil mass to a greenhouse or a field film-covered arched greenhouse with the temperature of 15-25 ℃, and completely watering for 20 days.

Example 3

s3, soil culture cuttage and management: the formula of the soil culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: perlite: 1, vermiculite: 1: 2, adding clear water to fully wet the mixture, transferring the mixture to a seedling tray, flattening the matrix, inserting the matrix into the peony cutting slips with the depth of 3cm, placing the seedling tray at a ventilation scattered light position, fully watering the seedling tray with clear water, and standing and culturing the seedling tray. During the cultivation period, cleaning water spray every week for moisturizing for 2 times, directly watering the tray of the seedling raising tray after the water in the tray is completely dried until the depth of the sitting water is 1cm, watering frequency every week for 1 time, and cultivating for 120 days;

s4, transplanting time and steps: before transplanting, controlling water for one week by soil-cultured Chinese herbaceous peony seedlings, lightly beating the periphery of a dry seedling-culturing pot, supporting seedling soil at the top, reversely buckling the pot with complete pot soil, taking off the pot, then transplanting the cutting seedlings with complete soil mass to a greenhouse or a field film-covered arched greenhouse with the temperature of 15-25 ℃, and completely watering the seedlings for 25 days.

Example 4

s3, water culture cuttage and management: and (4) inverting the seedling raising plate in clear water, inserting the cutting slips into the seedling raising bottom hole, enabling the cutting slips to penetrate into the water surface by 2cm, and placing the cutting slips at a ventilation scattered light position. During the cultivation period, the clear water is replaced once every week, the bottom of the cutting is kept below the water surface all the time, and the cultivation period is 130 days;

Example 1 some relevant figures of the whole cultivation process are shown in fig. 1 and 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the root system of the peony seedlings obtained by the hydroponics method is developed.

Example 2 some relevant figures of the whole cultivation process are shown in fig. 2 and 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the root system of the peony seedlings obtained by the hydroponics method is developed.

Comparative example 1

Compared with the embodiment 1, the difference is that: adding rooting powder and carbendazim into clear water, wherein the rooting powder is an indole strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent of Hierfu company, and the specific usage is that 1 bag (containing 35g of indole strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent) is added with 20L of clear water; carbendazim is 80% wettable powder of carbendazim of British Bayer, and the specific usage is that 1g is mixed with 20L of clear water; the rest is the same.

Comparative example 2

Compared with the embodiment 2, the difference is that: adding rooting powder and carbendazim into clear water, wherein the rooting powder is an indole strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent of Hierfu company, and the specific usage is that 1 bag (containing 35g of indole strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent) is added with 20L of clear water; carbendazim is 80% wettable powder of carbendazim of British Bayer, and the specific usage is that 1g is mixed with 20L of clear water; the rest is the same.

Comparative example 3

Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference is that: adding rooting powder and carbendazim into clear water, wherein the rooting powder is an indole strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent of Hierfu company, and the specific usage is that 1 bag (containing 35g of indole strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent) is added with 20L of clear water; carbendazim is 80% wettable powder of carbendazim of British Bayer, and the specific usage is that 1g is mixed with 20L of clear water; the rest is the same.

Comparative example 4

Compared with the embodiment 4, the difference is that: adding rooting powder and carbendazim into clear water, wherein the rooting powder is an indole strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent of Hierfu company, and the specific usage is that 1 bag (containing 35g of indole strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent) is added with 20L of clear water; carbendazim is 80% wettable powder of carbendazim of British Bayer, and the specific usage is that 1g is mixed with 20L of clear water; the rest is the same.

The results after incubation of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the addition of the rooting powder and the carbendazim inhibits the formation and rooting of callus, and is completely different from the effect of promoting and improving the survival rate of seedlings by adopting the rooting powder and the carbendazim in the prior art; and on the basis of cultivating the peony seedlings with developed root systems, the time and steps required by cultivation are reduced, the steps are simple, the purpose of strong operability is achieved, the stems are used for replacing the roots adopted in the prior art, the yield of the roots is increased, the success rate of seedling cultivation is improved, and the current situation of insufficient supply and demand in the market is relieved.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The cultivation method of the peony seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

transplanting the seedlings to be transplanted, and culturing at 15-25 ℃ for 20-30 days to obtain the peony seedlings.

2. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 1, wherein said cutting material to obtain at least 2 sections of material to be cut;

the distance between the cut at the cut and the adjacent bud is 1-2 cm.

3. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the material to be cut is cultivated in clear water or cultivated in soil.

4. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the length of the seedlings to be transplanted inserted into the clear water is 1-2 cm when they are cultivated in the clear water.

5. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the clean water is replaced every 5-8 days when the material to be cut is placed in clean water for cultivation.

6. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the soil culture medium used in soil culture comprises peat soil, perlite and vermiculite; preferably, the volume ratio of the peat soil to the perlite to the vermiculite is 1-3: 1-2.

7. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the length of the seedlings to be transplanted embedded in the soil culture medium is 2-3 cm.

8. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 1, wherein when there are flowers on top of the cutting material, the cutting process is performed on the flowers and 1-2 th compound leaves on top of the cutting material.

9. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the material to be cut comprises at least 2 multiple leaves.

10. The cultivation method of peony seedlings according to claim 1, wherein water control treatment is required for 5-7 days before transplanting the seedlings to be transplanted.