The budding method of rubber tree minitype budling
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of good budling, seedling stock and graft technology thereof that is used to cultivate rubber bud grafting tree, the budding method of particularly a kind of rubber tree minitype budling.
Background technology
Present bamboo grows budding method, the cultivation of budling is to carry out in the field, need bigger land area, in the production practices of bamboo grows budding, in the rubber seedling before the first fluffy true leaf leaf stretching period, bud grafting mouth position is selected on the flat horizontal surface of hypocotylar Lower Half, opening width with budding knife or scalpel is about 1/2 of stem week, be about 3-4 centimetre bud grafting mouth, about 2 centimetres on bud grafting mouth lower end ion leaf keeps about 1.5-2 centimetre abdomen capsule skin, in order to folder holder bud sheet, it is big that the budding method of existing budling is opened the bud grafting mouth, is unfavorable for the healing of bud grafting mouth.When getting the bud sheet, from bottom to up,, do not cut the bud sheet, remove bud sheet xylem, to finishing around the bud sheet, make the bud sheet be equal to or less than the bud grafting mouth then with pushing top process with the bud sheet of petiole.The bud sheet of band petiole is respectively carved a cutter with budding knife around eye, reach xylem deeply, takes out the bud sheet, to finishing around the bud sheet, makes the bud sheet be equal to or less than the bud grafting mouth then, also will repair petiole simultaneously, gets trouble of bud sheet and finishing bud sheet.Because budling is unbecoming with stock, the diameter of seedling stock is about 0.3 centimetre, the budling diameter is 0.5~1.2 centimetre, from diameter is that 0.5~1.2 centimetre of budling is got the bud sheet to receive diameter be on the seedling about 0.3 centimetre, but about experienced operator bud grafting 120 strains in a day, in the bud grafting operating process, there is the problem of getting bud, repairing many inconveniences such as bud.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the budding method of a kind of rubber tree minitype budling is provided, it is little to solve the seedling diameter, and the budling diameter is big, has promptly solved the unbecoming technical barrier that is difficult to bud grafting of budling and stock.
1, in order to achieve the above object, the object of the present invention is achieved like this: the budding method of rubber tree minitype budling, be used to cultivate budling, seedling stock and the graft technology thereof of rubber bud grafting tree, its step comprises: the cultivation of (1), stock, (2), the cultivation of miniature budling, (3), seedling is opened the bud grafting mouth, (4), miniature budling cuts the bud sheet, (5), bud grafting, (6), plant seedling, (7), separate and tie up and chipping, it is characterized in that: the budding method of rubber tree minitype budling, its step:
(1), in the nurturing period of stock, select fresh seeds and on casting bed vernalization 18-22 days, choose the about 20-30 of height of seedling centimetre seedling, in order to bud grafting;
(2), in the nurturing period of miniature budling, be explant with rubber flower pesticide, at the additional 2.4-D 0.5-1mg/l of MS minimal medium, kinetin 0.5-1mg/l, methyl 1-2mg/l, Sucus Cocois 5%, sucrose concentration are evoked callus on the medium of 70-100g/l; At the additional kinetin 0.2-1mg/l of MS minimal medium, methyl 0.1-0.2mg/l, Sucus Cocois 5%, active carbon 1g/l, sucrose concentration are inducing embryoid body on the medium of 70g/l; At the MS60-80% macroelement, double the additional kinetin 0.3-0.5mg/l of trace element, gibberellin 2mg/l, active carbon 1g/l, sucrose concentration induce flower pesticide somatic embryo plant on the medium of 50g/l; Cut lateral bud the flower pesticide somatic embryo plant and terminal bud is an explant from aseptic young age, at the additional 6-benzyl aminoadenine 2-3mg/l of MS minimal medium, methyl 0.1-0.2mg/l, sucrose concentration breed budling on the medium of 50-60g/l;
When (3), seedling is opened bud grafting mouth operation, be selected in before the first fluffy true leaf leaf stretching period of rubber seedling, hypocotylar Lower Half is flat, bud grafting mouth position is selected on the flat horizontal surface of hypocotylar Lower Half, opening width with medical surgical knife is about 1/3 of stem week, is about 1.3-1.5 centimetre bud grafting mouth, 1.5-2.0 centimetre on bud grafting mouth lower end ion leaf, keep about 0.5 centimetre abdomen capsule skin, in order to folder holder bud sheet;
When (4), miniature budling cuts bud sheet operation, 5 centimetres to 10 centimetres high of taking-ups, stem slightly are 0.15-0.25 centimetre from test tube, the budling that leaf is in growth stationary phase or has fallen leaves, cut the bud sheet with the medical operation blade from bottom to up with pushing top process, the xylem of bud sheet needn't be removed, in case of necessity the two ends of bud sheet are repaired a little and get final product, the length of bud sheet is 0.5-0.8 centimetre, whenever cuts a bud sheet and connects a strain immediately.
The beneficial effect of the budding method of rubber tree minitype budling of the present invention is: the miniature budling diameter that 1) the present invention used is littler than stock, carries out the budding service speed with miniature budling and can improve 30-50% than carrying out the budding service speed with existing budling.2) eye of Yun Yong miniature budling is many, budling availability height.3) under isolated condition, the speed of breeding miniature budling is for conventional more than 5 times of budling of breeding of producing, and is bigger to the rapid popularizing action of new cultivation or the new rubber new varieties of introducing.4) present technique provides the miniature budling that a kind of developmental stage is the juvenile form type, what bud grafting produced is the juvenile form clone, not only reached the purpose that shortens the cultivation period of bamboo grows budling, and with carry out the stereotype clone that budding cultivates with existing budling and compare, improve dried glue output 10-30%, growth rate and accelerate about 5%, can do sth. in advance half a year and open to cut operation.
Embodiment
For example the present invention is described in further detail below:
The nurturing period of stock: in the hevea seed mature period, collect fresh seeds and on casting bed vernalization 18-22 days, choose the about 20-30 of height of seedling centimetre and be in the seedling that is stretched to leaf stretching period, seedling is pulled up from casting bed, the sand of seedling basal part of stem and root is removed in the water flushing, and the seedling root is immersed in the container that fills shallow water, in order to bud grafting.
The nurturing period of miniature budling: is explant with rubber flower pesticide earlier, at the additional 2.4-D0.5-1mg/l of MS minimal medium, kinetin 0.5-1mg/l, methyl 1-2mg/l, Sucus Cocois 5%, sucrose concentration are evoked callus on the medium of 70-100g/l; At the additional kinetin 0.2-1mg/l of MS minimal medium, methyl 0.1-0.2mg/l, Sucus Cocois 5%, active carbon 1g/l, sucrose concentration are inducing embryoid body on the medium of 70g/l; At the MS60-80% macroelement, double trace element, additional kinetin 0.3-0.5mg/l, gibberellin 2mg/l, active carbon 1g/l, sucrose concentration are that inducing embryoid body is sprouted into the somatic embryo plant on the medium of 50g/l; Cut lateral bud the flower pesticide somatic embryo plant and terminal bud is an explant from aseptic young age again, at the additional 6-benzyladenine 2-3mg/l of MS minimal medium, methyl 0.1-0.2mg/l, sucrose concentration increase numerous budling on the medium of 50-60g/l.The cultivation of miniature budling is to carry out indoor, be batch production production, just can cultivate a large amount of miniature budlings with less space, miniature budling reproduction speed is for having the used budling reproduction speed of seeds of trees seedling bud grafting method now more than 5 times, this budling eye is many, budling availability height, but the technology that miniature budling is cultivated is complicated.
When seedling is opened bud grafting mouth operation; Before the first fluffy true leaf leaf stretching period of rubber seedling, hypocotylar Lower Half is flat, bud grafting mouth position is selected on the flat horizontal surface of hypocotylar Lower Half, opening width with medical surgical knife is about 1/3 of stem week, be about 1.3-1.5 centimetre bud grafting mouth, 1.5-2.0 centimetre on bud grafting mouth lower end ion leaf keeps about 0.5 centimetre abdomen capsule skin, in order to folder holder bud sheet; Because the budding bud grafting that method is opened of miniature budling is young, helps the healing of bud grafting mouth.
When miniature budling cut bud sheet operation: 5-10 centimetre high of taking-up, stem slightly were 0.15-0.25 centimetre from test tube, the budling that leaf is in growth stationary phase or has fallen leaves, cut the bud sheet with the medical operation blade from bottom to up with pushing top process, the xylem of bud sheet needn't be removed, in case of necessity the two ends of bud sheet are repaired a little and get final product, the length of bud sheet is 0.5-0.8 centimetre, whenever cuts a bud sheet and connects a strain immediately, and is very convenient.
Bud grafting: it is the material material that the plastic film food fresh keeping bag of a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage is arranged with commercially available softness, is cut into wide 0.8-1.0 centimetre, and the bundling belt that is about 15-20 centimetre is standby.The bud sheet is inserted on the bud grafting mouth, and the lower end of bud sheet by the holder of abdomen capsule leather wallet, bundlees from lower to upper with bundling belt.The seedling that bud grafting is good is re-applied in another container that fills shallow water, in order to planting seedling.The budding method difference of budding method of miniature budling and existing budling is: the former is because the bud sheet is less, and the bud sheet is easy to be attached on the bud grafting mouth, thereby binding is also easy; And the latter is thicker owing to the bud sheet, and the bud sheet is not easy to be attached on the bud grafting mouth, and binding must be very careful, otherwise can cause the bud sheet to drop in the binding process, and get the bud sheet, and finishing bud sheet is difficult.
Plant seedling: plant Miao Qianxian with wide 15 centimetres, it is standby that dark 30 centimetres plastic sack installs nutrition soil, to be a working cell per half a day, seedling plantation before each working cell time will finish that bud grafting is good is in plastic sack nutrition soil, drenched normal root water, later on every day trickle once, and sunshade is about 2 months.
Separate and tie up and chipping: separate after bud grafting 25-30 days and tie up, the seedling that bud grafting survives keeps 2 compound leaves of the first fluffy leaf, and with tender stem or terminal bud excision, after about 2 weeks, chipping below the first fluffy leaf can be sprouted about 15 to 20 days after the chipping above blade.2 compound leaves that also can keep the first fluffy leaf are until the stable chippings not of the back young leaves that sprouts, and the benefit of this method is that the blade of stock can continue as newly to sprout provides nutrient, and it is withered to prevent from newly to sprout back, but the reservation compound leaf, it is slower to sprout.
What the miniature budling that the budding method of rubber tree minitype budling of the present invention provides carried out that budding cultivates is the juvenile form clone, not only reached the purpose that shortens the cultivation period of bamboo grows budling, and than the stereotype clone that existing bamboo grows budding is cultivated improve dried glue output 10-30%, growth rate accelerates about 5%, can do sth. in advance half a year and open to cut operation.