CN110115192A - A kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing method of cocoa spray - Google Patents
A kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing method of cocoa spray Download PDFInfo
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- CN110115192A CN110115192A CN201910550685.XA CN201910550685A CN110115192A CN 110115192 A CN110115192 A CN 110115192A CN 201910550685 A CN201910550685 A CN 201910550685A CN 110115192 A CN110115192 A CN 110115192A
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- scion
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- grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural graft technology field more particularly to a kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing methods of cocoa spray.Scion is cocoa breeding elite stand current year raw semi-lignified spray, the cocoa seedling that stock is 5 months in this method.The cell of scion and stock and tissue growth power are vigorous, and healing ability is strong, and graft survival rate is up to 90%, improve 25% than traditional graft survival rate.This method is more easy to operate than traditional engrafting method, and efficiency is higher by 1 times or more.The present invention cultivates to seedling to be out of the garden from stock only needs 10~12 months.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural graft technology field more particularly to a kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing methods of cocoa spray.
Background technique
One of big beverage crops in the world three can be can be, seed taste mellowness is full of nutrition, has tonic effect, is production
The primary raw material of chocolate, beverage, cake etc..For world's cocoa harvest area up to 10,000,000 hectares, total output surpasses 4,500,000 tons, is
One of most important bulk product in international trade.Cocoa is suitable for planting in China Hainan, as domestic demand is continuously increased, year
Import volume rises year by year, and cocoa industry is just becoming emerging one of the tropical crops industry in China.
Theobroma cross-pollinatd plant, seed seedling progeny variation is big, and yield and quality differs greatly between single plant after operation, no
Conducive to high-quality cocoa bean large-scale production.In country variant and different main producing regions, cocoa seedling raising manners and graft technology exist compared with
Big difference, at present cocoa graft technology mostly use bud to connect, side grafting, the conventional engrafting method such as scion grafting.Traditional cocoa budding method is
It is grafted when stock stem thickness is up to 0.8~1.2cm, stock meets this requirement, needs 12~18 months, manages good situations
It is out of the garden within 5 months after lower seedling grafting；In the case where grafting time is suitble to, grafting operation is skilled, manages good prerequisite, cocoa bud is connected into work
Rate is 70%.In addition, when the current-year branch diameter of the excellent elite stand of part cocoa slightly reaches 0.6~1.0cm that suitable bud connects, on branch
Axillary bud has fallen off, and causes graft survival rate polar region, limits the grafting and breeding of part cocoa breeding.Therefore tradition is transferred
The problems such as connecing seedling-raising technique there are growing-seedling periods long, breeding low efficiency.Therefore, how to shorten the cocoa graft seedling growth period, improve
Graft seedling growth efficiency is the emphasis of current research.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that provide a kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing method of cocoa spray,
The engrafting method is high-efficient, easy to operate, and obtained grafting only has a trunk, facilitates field management after field planting.
The present invention provides a kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing methods of cocoa spray, which is characterized in that
Scion is cocoa breeding elite stand current year raw semi-lignified spray, includes 2~3 axillary buds, retains the 1/5~1/ of blade
10, the morphology lower end of the scion is whittled into inclined-plane, the long 0.6~1.0cm of bevel；
The cocoa seedling that stock is 5 months, morphology upper end, which is cut to scion, to match；
Scion and stock are fixed with latex ring, fits closely scion with stock, entangles scion and graft union with sack, so
After seal sack.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the scion is 0.3~0.5cm.
The scion that the present invention uses is the spray gone out from the rigid pumping in branch end for semi-lignified branch, and branch has hardened
Surface not yet becomes brown completely, and in green, and the semi-lignified branch that method uses before this is more mature, branch surface
Browning is in brown.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the angle on the scion inclined-plane is 30 °.
Angle of the angle on the inclined-plane between inclined-plane and scion branch longitudal section.Correspondingly, inclined-plane and scion diameter
The angle in direction is 60 °.
Bevel is more advantageous to raising survival rate so that angle is smaller.Scion and stock mainly carry out contact contract with frictional force
Close, bevel angle is excessive, and friction is small for contact surface, and after putting on emulsion tube, scion and stock can generate certain dislocation, grafting at
Motility rate can decline.
Retain in the embodiment of the present invention, in the scion petiole and sub-fraction blade make scion width be no more than 8~
12cm。
Most of blade is cut off in scion, only retains fraction blade, retains the purpose of partial blade first is that upper certainly in set
Play the role of supporting valve bag after envelope, scion is made to have certain space in valve bag；Second is that partial blade is first in grafting
Phase photosynthesis provides part nutrient.After scion survives, the blade of reservation generally understands yellowing and shedding.
And axillary bud quantity, but if the too long upper axillary bud of scion is excessive, can make scion generally according to the panel length of scion
At certain waste, retaining 2~3 axillary buds can be improved survival rate, as long as one of them, which can extract shoot out, to survive.
Bevel is survived with slightly longer be more advantageous to, and scion mainly contact agreeing with stock with frictional force, bevel mistake
It is short, angle is excessive, friction is small for contact surface, and after putting on emulsion tube, scion and stock can generate certain dislocation, graft survival rate
It can decline.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition time of the scion is monthly 3~April.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the height of the cocoa seedling is 30~40cm.
In some embodiments, the seed for cultivating the seedling is picked up from cocoa chocolate tree trunk.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the stock is 0.3~0.5cm, and cutting angle in the slope is 30 °.
Angle of the angle on the inclined-plane between inclined-plane and stock branch longitudal section.Correspondingly, inclined-plane and diameter of stock
The angle in direction is 60 °.
Stock top position is cut off, diameter of stock is consistent with selected scion diameter.
Diameter of stock has apparent influence, graft survival rate and diameter of stock correlation to graft survival rate,
In " research of cocoa graft survival rate " text, the graft survival rate of side grafting up to 95.5%, used in stock seedling age be 12~
15 months, diameter of stock was 0.6~1.0cm.Stock seedling age used in the method for the present invention is 5 months, diameter of stock is only 0.3~
0.5cm.Though survival rate decreases, implementation grafting earlier is conducive to the quick breeding of cocoa.
It is described that with latex ring, to fix scion and stock be specially by the method that latex is located on stock notch is first latex
Ring set is on reverse tweezers, and right hand pressing tweezers pass through stock notch after strutting latex ring, and left hand pulls up latex ring from tweezers
After lower, then by scion insertion latex ring, fit closely scion with stock.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the latex ring internal diameter is 1.5~2mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the sack is valve bag, and specification is that length × width is 12~18cm × 8~12cm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the 7th~10 day interface starts to heal after the grafting, and scion removes valve bag after surviving,
The rudiment that stock of erasing in time is grown, fringe bar cut off extra branch after sprouting, leave a branch and cultivate into plant trunk.
Specifically, removing the valve bag time as 30~40 days after grafting.
Specifically, grafting seedlings-growing method of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
Step (1) is cultivated stock: being urged being laid in sand bed and covering Bao Sha after the wash seeds for cultivating stock
Bud, the seed to be germinateed；It is hit exactly in nutrition bag as substrate and digs kind of a plant hole, the seed base-root of above-mentioned germination sowed downward, seed
It after planting drenches water, nutrient bag is placed under cool canopy and is cultivated 5 months, cocoa stock is obtained；
Step (2) acquires scion: given birth to for the year on the excellent elite stand of clip semi-lignified, no disease and pests harm branch as scion,
It is wrapped up with clean wet towel；
Step (3), cuts scion: the scion that step (2) obtains being cut off the 7/8 of each blade from the bottom up, scion is cut
At the short fringe comprising 2~3 axillary buds, short fringe base portion is then whittled into inclined-plane, the long 0.6~1.0cm of bevel obtains to be grafted connect
Fringe；
Step (4), cuts stock: the stock top that step (1) obtains being cut off, then stock top is whittled into inclined-plane, is obtained
Stock notch to be grafted；
Step (5), grafting and binding: latex being located on the stock notch that step (4) obtains, then step (3) are obtained
The scion insertion latex ring arrived, fits closely scion and stock；Scion and graft union are entangled with valve bag, is then pressed
Valve bag sealing strip；
Step (6), managing after grafting: the 7th~10 day interface starts to heal after grafting, and scion removes valve bag after surviving,
The rudiment that stock of erasing in time is grown, fringe bar cut off extra branch after sprouting, leave a branch and cultivate into plant trunk.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention is made scion and is grafted with seedling stock using semi-lignified branch, the cell of scion and stock and
Tissue growth power is vigorous, and healing ability is strong, and graft survival rate is up to 90%, improves 25% than traditional graft survival rate.
(2) present invention cuts out scion and stock notch only needs 2 knives, and binds interface using latex ring and valve bag, transfers
Worker is met slightly to practice just to grasp, and traditional engrafting method, it cuts out grafting scion used and stock notch needs 7 knives,
It asks the scion size cut out to match with stock incision size, height is required to the qualification cut scion and cut stock notch.This
The engrafting method for inventing offer is more easy to operate than traditional engrafting method, and efficiency is higher by 1 times or more.
(3) present invention cultivates to seedling to be out of the garden from stock only needs 10~12 months, and traditional bud connects nursery, due to by anvil
The limitation of wood and scion stem thickness and scion pumping shoot speed is cultivated to seedling from stock and is out of the garden needs 17~24 months, therefore
It using grafting of tender branch seedling-raising technique, greatly improves cocoa graft survival rate and efficiency, shorten growing-seedling period, be suitable for scale
Change nursery, is largely provided safeguard with seedling for cocoa industry popularization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the present invention using the comparison of scion and scion in the prior art；
Fig. 2 shows scion and stock；
Fig. 3 shows that rubber finger sleeve covers on stock；
Fig. 4 shows with the fixed scion of rubber finger sleeve and stock；
Fig. 5 shows the scion and graft union after bagging；
Fig. 6 is shown as plant living.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing method of cocoa spray, those skilled in the art can be used for reference in this paper
Hold, is suitably modified realization of process parameters.In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar substitutions and modifications are to those skilled in the art
For be it will be apparent that they are considered as being included in the present invention.Method and application of the invention, which has passed through, preferably to be implemented
Example is described, related personnel obviously can not depart from the content of present invention, in spirit and scope to methods herein and application
It is modified or appropriate changes and combinations, carrys out implementation and application the technology of the present invention.
The instrument that the present invention uses is all common commercially available product, can all be bought in market.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further explained:
Embodiment 1
1. stock is cultivated
(1) it chooses seeds
Select growing way it is healthy and strong, result 3 years or more, the strong elite stand of stable high yield, resistance, on harvesting in 10~November trunk
The ripening fruits of full, abundant maturation is rectified, developed to fruit type.Cocoa seed is Recalcitrant Seeds, without dormant period, once maturation
Nursery need to be handled in time.Fruit is splitted, seed is taken out, washes away and adheres to pulp outside seed, select and develop full, substantial, oval
The seed of shape.
(2) vernalization
In the cool, nursery pond is piled up with stone or brick, pond middle berth thickness about 30cm river sand, every square metre sprinkles the more bacterium of 8g
After clever wettable powder disinfection, ready seed is laid on sand bed, then cover 2~3cm of sand, sand bed often keeps wet
Moisten, covers 50% sunshade net on seedbed.
(3) it sows
The seed of rudiment is pulled up on the day of sowing, before pulling up seed when seed ejects sand bed when hypocotyl length is to 4~6cm
Sand bed will drench water.A vesicle is opened in ready Seedling bag center with small wooden, the deep 3~4cm in cave then will be ready
Seed base-root is inserted vertically into cave, presses with finger vesicle surrounding soil fixing seedling.Nutrient bag is made of polyethylene film
Polybag has a little aperture, bore 12cm, high 25cm in bag wall.
(4) stock is fostered
In stock seedling stage, keep nutrient bag ground moistening, be seeded into the first fluffy true leaf it is aging before, answer in liberal supply water
Point.After sowing daily water drenching 1 time in 15 days, water drenching amount is gradually decreased later, every water drenching in 2~3 days 1 time.30 are grown to stock
~40cm high can be used as stock and be grafted.
2. scion acquires
When spring in 3~April elite stand a large amount of pumping shoots, the semi-lignified of no disease and pests harm is given birth on the excellent elite stand of clip for the year
Spray cuts off excessive partial blade, as scion.With being transported at stock cultivation after clean wet towel package, scion is with adopting
With with, should not overnight save.
3. cutting scion
Collected scion leaf is successively trimmed from the bottom up, and each blade cuts off about 7/8, big with petiole and remaining blade
It is small do not influence to put on valve bag be advisable, scion is cut into the short fringe comprising 2~3 axillary buds, then with sterilized through 75% alcohol
Sharp grafting knife short fringe base portion is whittled into inclined-plane, inclined-plane is about in 30 ° of angles, with the sharp grafting knife sterilized through 75% alcohol
Angle, the long 0.6~1.0cm of bevel, obtains scion to be grafted.
4. cutting stock
Semi-lignified position straight on stock is chosen, is cut off the above stock of selected position with secateurs, then with through 75%
Remaining stock top is whittled into 30 ° of inclined-planes by the sterilized sharp grafting knife of alcohol, obtains stock notch to be grafted.
5. grafting and binding
Latex is located on the stock inclined-plane cut with tweezers auxiliary, latex ring is slowly inserted into the scion cut, then
Gently position and angle of the adjustment scion in conjunction with stock, fits closely scion with stock.It is entangled scion with valve bag and is transferred
Then interface presses valve bag sealing strip.
6. managing after grafting
Nutrient bag ground moistening is kept, is drenched nutrient bag soil when water drenching with water pipe, is careful not to directly spray valve bag.
The 7th~10 day interface starts to heal after grafting, and valve bag is removed in scion after surviving, the rudiment that stock of erasing in time is grown, fringe bar
Extra branch is cut off after sprouting, and is left a branch and is cultivated into plant trunk.When scion New shoot growth is to 4~6cm, in conjunction with leaching
Water imposes the urea liquid manure of concentration 0.3%.
The different stocks of table 1 and influence of the scion bevel angle to cocoa graft survival rate
Note: different letter persons are marked after survival rate indicates significant difference (P < 0.05)
Different stocks are different on survival rate influence from scion bevel angle.As shown in Table 1, in the method for the present invention by scion with
Stock is whittled into 30 ° or so of bevel angle, and graft survival rate is significantly higher than other 2 kinds of bevel angles up to 92%.
Embodiment 2: it is compared with cocoa routine engrafting method survival rate
2~March in 2018, the method for the present invention are compared with conventional engrafting method.Conventional engrafting method bud connects, scion grafting,
Side grafting method concrete operations are referring to " a kind of mating system of cocoa seedling " (ZL 2,014 10842628.6), " a kind of at age cocoa
The grafting method for changing of tree " (ZL 201610284410.2).Different grafting methods graft survival rate is shown in Table 2.
Influence of 2 different grafting methods of table to cocoa graft survival rate
Note: different letter persons are marked after average survival indicates significant difference (P < 0.05)
Different grafting methods influence survival rate different.As shown in Table 2, reachable using the method for the present invention graft survival rate
93%, it is significantly higher than other 3 kinds conventional engrafting methods.
Embodiment 3: it is compared with cocoa routine engrafting method grafting efficiency
Advantage in order to further illustrate the present invention, between 3~April in 2019, training 2 workers is grafting operation hand, with
TASsr12 is scion, using the method for the present invention, side grafting, budding method carry out cocoa grafting breeding, compare the method for the present invention with
The grafting efficiency of conventional engrafting method.
Influence of 3 different grafting methods of table to graft survival rate and efficiency
As shown in Table 3, using 1 times higher than conventional engrafting method of the method for the present invention grafting efficiency or more, worker is slightly trained
Just the method for the present invention skill can be grasped, graft survival rate is significantly higher than conventional engrafting method.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that those skilled in the art are come
It says, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing method of cocoa spray, which is characterized in that
Scion is cocoa breeding elite stand current year raw semi-lignified spray, includes 2~3 axillary buds, retains the 1/5~1/10 of blade,
The morphology lower end of the scion is whittled into inclined-plane, the long 0.6~1.0cm of bevel；
The cocoa seedling that stock is 5 months, morphology upper end, which is cut to scion, to match；
Scion and stock are fixed with latex ring, fits closely scion with stock, scion and graft union is entangled with sack, then seals
Firmly sack.
2. grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of the scion is 0.3~0.5cm.
3. grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the angle on the scion inclined-plane is 30 °.
4. grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that retain petiole and sub-fraction in the scion
Blade makes scion width be no more than 8~12cm.
5. grafting seedlings-growing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the acquisition time of the scion
For monthly 3~April.
6. grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the height of the cocoa seedling be 30~
40cm。
7. grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of the stock is 0.3~0.5cm,
Cutting angle in the slope is 30 °.
8. grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the latex ring internal diameter is 1.5~2mm.
9. grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sack is valve bag, specification be it is long ×
Width is 12~18cm × 8~12cm.
10. described in any item grafting seedlings-growing methods according to claim 1~9, which is characterized in that the 7th~10 after the grafting
Its interface starts to heal, and valve bag is removed in scion after surviving, and the rudiment that stock of erasing in time is grown, it is extra that fringe bar is cut off after sprouting
Branch leaves a branch and cultivates into plant trunk.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112616465A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Coffee seedling grafting method |
| CN113100005A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-13 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Potting method for cacao trees |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112616465A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Coffee seedling grafting method |
| CN113100005A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-13 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Potting method for cacao trees |
| CN113100005B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2024-03-08 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Potted plant method of cocoa tree |
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