CN106342554A

CN106342554A - Grafting method of watermelon fruits

Info

Publication number: CN106342554A
Application number: CN201510458840.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘海河; 张彦萍; 车寒梅; 贾兵国; 郭金英
Original assignee: Hebei University of Engineering
Current assignee: Hebei Agricultural University
Priority date: 2015-07-23
Filing date: 2015-07-23
Publication date: 2017-01-25

Abstract

Provided is a grafting method of watermelon fruits, and the processing steps comprises (1) cutting donor watermelon fruits 3-4 centimeters away from the carpopodium with a blade during a period when the watermelon fruits are suitable for grafting; (2) transferring quickly to empty seedling plant position; (3) cutting the cross section of the carpopodium into a bevel with the blade; (4) cutting off vines used for grafting and stem nodes which have the same diameters with the carpopodium of the watermelon fruits on the empty seedling at the same time and cutting into bevels which are identical to the bevel at the end of the capopodium of the watermelon fruits with the blade; (5) aligning and faying the two bevels immediately and fixing with a grafting clip; (6) afterwards using a mulching film to cover the grafting part and the fruits to preserve moisture, and using a sunshade material to conduct sunshade and cooling, and recovering normal water and fertilizer management after 7-8 days. Compared with prior seedling growing and grafting technique, the grafting method of watermelon fruits of the invention is characterized by using fruits needed to be cut off on the plants to conduct grafting with vines on the empty seedlings to form commercial fruits, which fundamentally resolves cultivation problem of 'empty seedling' of watermelons and fills up the blank of a new grafting method of watermelons.

Description

A kind of Watermelon Fruit engrafting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting method of Citrullus vulgariss, more particularly to a kind of engrafting method of Watermelon Fruit.

Background technology

Citrullus vulgariss " empty seedling " refer to that the female flower on Citrullus vulgariss plant changes melon due to dysplasia, lead to not have on plant There is the phenomenon sitting melon, Citrullus vulgariss " empty seedling " are big physiological barrier of current Citrullus vulgariss cultivating superior high-yield.Draw The reason play Citrullus vulgariss " empty seedling " is a lot, mainly includes the following aspects: one is bad climatic factor's shadow Ring bud differentiation or female flower can not normal Pollination Fertilization, cause ovary to be unable to normal development and change melon.Two are Cultivation technique measure is improper, causes plant strain growth gesture weak or nourished and grew prosperous, leads to fruit enough Nutrition and change melon.Generally, Citrullus vulgariss field sky seedling rate in 3%-5%, the special time may be up to 10% with On, have a strong impact on the yield of watermelon and planting benefit.Mainly pass through at present to strengthen environment conditioning and water and fertilizer management etc. Measure preventing and treating the generation of Citrullus vulgariss " empty seedling ", although these measures can reduce Citrullus vulgariss to a certain extent The incidence rate of " empty seedling ", but fundamentally cannot thoroughly solve Citrullus vulgariss " empty seedling " this cultivation difficult problem.Cause This, study one kind when fruit determined by the thin melon of Citrullus vulgariss, using the stem on the fruit that will dredge on plant and empty seedling plant The climing method carrying out forming commodity fruit after grafting, is the current technical issues that need to address.

Content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved be on a kind of selection donor plant providing the fruit that will dredge with Vines on empty seedling plant form commodity fruit method after carrying out grafting, reaches and solves the problems, such as empty seedling of watermelons Purpose.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem is:

A kind of Watermelon Fruit engrafting method, its processing step is: (1) will supply in Watermelon Fruit suitable grafting time Body Watermelon Fruit is cut off with blade from fruit stem long 3-4 centimeters, and (2) move to rapidly sky seedling plant position, (3) It is whittled into inclined-plane with blade at the cross-section place of fruit stem, (4) will be used as vines and the donor Citrullus vulgariss of grafting simultaneously on empty seedling Fruit fruit stem rugosity identical eustipes part cuts off and is whittled into and donor Watermelon Fruit fruit stem end identical with blade Inclined-plane, two inclined-plane alignment are fit together and are fixed with Grafting clip by (5) immediately, and (6) subsequently use mulch film Cover grafting part and fruit carries out moisturizing, and use cover from sun sunshading and temperature reducing, after 7-8 days, recover normal liquid manure pipe Reason.

Preferably, described Watermelon Fruit suitable grafting time is that Watermelon Fruit for grafting expands to 0.5-1.0 Kilogram when.

Preferably, donor Watermelon Fruit is the fruit on donor Citrullus vulgariss plant lateral bine, and that is, donor Citrullus vulgariss plant is female Flower pollination respectively stays 1 fruit in main stem and lateral bine after bearing fruit, when lateral bine Fruit is to 0.5-1.0 kilogram, choosing Select the fruit that fruit stem is sturdy, fruit type is proper and be used for grafting.

Preferably, the inclined-plane that on the inclined-plane that the cross-section place of fruit stem is whittled into and empty seedling, the vines as grafting are whittled into is 1-1.5 centimetre.

Preferably, one selects to grow on empty seedling plant vigorous, and still not aged vines are used for and fruit grafting Receptor vines.

Preferably, receptor vines are cut at inclined-plane typically in the eustipes part in the centimetre length of vines top 50.

Preferably, described cover from sun is papery thing or sunshade net, and papery thing includes newspaper and blank sheet of paper.

Carry out grafting solution Citrullus vulgariss soil-borne disease and increasing with traditional with plant rootstock seedling not of the same race and scion seedling Strong resistance is compared, and the present invention is when fruit determined by the thin melon of Citrullus vulgariss, using the fruit that will dredge on plant and empty seedling Vines on plant form commodity fruit after carrying out grafting, fundamentally solve Citrullus vulgariss " empty seedling " this cultivation A training difficult problem.There is no relevant report about the method both at home and abroad so far.

Brief description

Fig. 1 be using the inventive method success grafting fruit, wherein, 1 for receptor Grafting watermelon stem Climing, 2 is fixing Grafting clip after grafting, and 3 is receptor Citrullus vulgariss and donor Citrullus vulgariss fruit stem grafting site, and 4 is confession Body Citrullus vulgariss fruit stem, the fruit growing up to after 5 grafting successes.

Specific embodiment

A kind of Watermelon Fruit engrafting method, sequentially includes the following steps:

First, transplantation and graft period: the general fruit requiring preparation to be used for transplantation and graft is in swollen melon mid-term, swollen Big it is advisable to carrying out grafting when 0.5-1.0 kilogram.The transplantation and graft time is too early or becomes after all unsuitable transplantation and graft late Live.

2nd, transplant the selection of fruit: after the pollination of Citrullus vulgariss female flower is beared fruit, on plant part, during fruit thinning, retain 2 Individual fruit, that is, main stem and lateral bine respectively stay 1 fruit.Selection fruit stem is sturdy, fruit type is rectified, Fruit to 0.5-1.0 Kilogram about the lateral bine fruit that will dredge be used for grafting.

3rd, the selection of grafting vines is on empty seedling plant, vigorous with growth selection, and still not aged vines are (crazy Bar) preferably.The empty seedling plant not sitting melon may be selected main stem or lateral bine；Because splitting the empty seedling plant that melon causes, then Preferably the vigorous lateral bine grafting of growth selection.

4th, during grafting operation grafting, the fruit that first will act as grafting is cut from fruit stem long 3-4 centimeters blade Disconnected, after moving to sky seedling plant position, it is whittled into, with blade, the inclined-plane being about 1.5 centimetres in fruit stem cut-off part；Again will The vines of grafting are used as on empty seedling, in the centimetre length of vines top 50, select and transplanting fruit fruit stem rugosity Identical eustipes part, is cut disconnected with blade after tripping, cutting mouth is in be about 1.5 centimetres of inclined-planes；Immediately by two Inclined-plane alignment fits together, and is fixed with Grafting clip.

5th, after the management grafting after grafting use covering with ground sheeting grafting part and fruit moisturizing, and cover newspaper or Sunshade net sunshading and temperature reducing, gets final product grafting survival in general 7-8 days, hereafter carries out normal water and fertilizer management.

Embodiment

As shown in figure 1, growing up to the plant of Watermelon Fruit using the fruit graft technology in the present embodiment, including 4 Individual part, 1 for receptor Grafting watermelon vines, 2 is fixing Grafting clip after grafting, and 3 is that receptor is western Melon and donor Citrullus vulgariss fruit stem grafting site, 4 is donor Citrullus vulgariss fruit stem, the fruit growing up to after 5 grafting successes.Right The survival rate after fruit graft technology grafting in the present embodiment, fruit growth period, single fruit re-detection, result As shown in table 1.

The comparison of the mature fruit of table 1 fruit graft survival rate and fruit grafting and non-fruit grafting

As shown in Table 1, it is 92% using method of the present invention Grafted Watermelon fruit survival rate, grafting is ripe The refractive power sugared content of fruit and normal growth mellow fruit and mean fruit weight difference are inconspicuous, simply pollinate Extend 7 days to ripe natural law grafting more non-grafting fruit, method of the present invention fruit graft survival rate is described Height, and fruit size and sugar content are affected less, can apply on producing, the simply fruit after grafting Period of maturation needs healing stage due to after grafting, so that fructescence is extended.Although the foregoing describing the present invention's Concrete grammar, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that these are merely illustrative of, the guarantor of the present invention Shield scope is defined by the appended claims.Those skilled in the art is in the principle without departing substantially from the present invention On the premise of essence, these embodiments can be made with more changes or change, but these change and repair Change and belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of Watermelon Fruit engrafting method is it is characterised in that its processing step is: (1) is in Watermelon Fruit suitable grafting time by donor Watermelon Fruit Cut off with blade at the long 3-4cm of fruit stem, (2) move to rapidly sky seedling plant position, and (3) are whittled into inclined-plane with blade at the cross-section place of fruit stem, (4) are same When the vines and the donor Watermelon Fruit fruit stem rugosity identical eustipes part that are used as grafting on empty seedling cut off and be whittled into blade and donor Watermelon Fruit fruit Pommel portion identical inclined-plane, two inclined-plane alignment are fit together and are fixed with Grafting clip by (5) immediately, and (6) subsequently use covering with ground sheeting grafting part Carry out moisturizing with fruit, and use cover from sun sunshading and temperature reducing, after 7-8 days, recover normal water and fertilizer management.

2. Watermelon Fruit engrafting method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Watermelon Fruit suitable grafting time is for grafting When Watermelon Fruit expands to 0.5-1.0kg.

3. Watermelon Fruit engrafting method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that donor Watermelon Fruit is the fruit on donor Citrullus vulgariss plant lateral bine Real, i.e. donor Citrullus vulgariss plant female flower pollination respectively stays 1 fruit in main stem and lateral bine after bearing fruit, and when lateral bine Fruit is to 0.5-1.0kg, selects fruit The fruit that handle is sturdy, fruit type is rectified is used for grafting.

4. Watermelon Fruit engrafting method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that be used as grafting on the inclined-plane that is whittled into of the cross-section place of fruit stem and empty seedling The chamfer length that is whittled into of vines be 1-1.5cm.

5. Watermelon Fruit engrafting method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that growing vigorous on a selection sky seedling plant, not yet aging Vines be used for receptor vines with fruit grafting.

6. Watermelon Fruit engrafting method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that receptor vines are cut at inclined-plane typically away from vines top 50cm Eustipes part in length.

7. Watermelon Fruit engrafting method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described cover from sun is papery thing or sunshade net, papery thing Including newspaper and blank sheet of paper.