CN109479544B - Orange grafting method - Google Patents

Orange grafting method Download PDF

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CN109479544B
CN109479544B CN201811472131.4A CN201811472131A CN109479544B CN 109479544 B CN109479544 B CN 109479544B CN 201811472131 A CN201811472131 A CN 201811472131A CN 109479544 B CN109479544 B CN 109479544B
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grafting
stock
citrus
scion
seeds
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CN109479544A (en
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淳长品
彭良志
王君秀
曹立
付行政
凌丽俐
江才伦
何义仲
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CITRUS RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of grafting, and discloses a citrus grafting method; collecting and sowing stock seeds; transplanting and culturing stock seedlings; grafting is carried out with positive grafting and reverse grafting; after beginning spring in the next year, picking a hole on the film at the position of the scion with the bud eye by using a blade, and bending the stock to promote seedling germination; cutting off redundant rootstocks on the grafting openings until the first shoots are mature; after the first treetop and aging of the intermediate stock, carrying out lateral grafting by adopting small buds in summer and autumn; after spring beginning in the next year, a blade is used for picking a hole on the film at the bud grafting position, and the intermediate stock is bent to promote seedling germination. The invention changes the traditional citrus grafting method in China. The grafting survival can be realized by adopting different stocks to carry out positive and negative scion grafting, and the sprouting can be realized by carrying out scion bud again on the survival reverse scion branch. Provides a new method for controlling tree vigor and dwarfing crown, and provides another way for producing high-quality and high-yield citrus fruits.

Description

Orange grafting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grafting, and particularly relates to a citrus grafting method.
Background
Currently, the current state of the art commonly used in the industry is such that:
the citrus grafting technique is one of the main methods for production and propagation, that is, the branch or bud of one plant is grafted onto the stem or root of another plant, so that the two parts which are connected together can grow into a complete plant. The grafting method is divided into a branch grafting method and a bud grafting method. The grafted plant (consisting of the overground part scion and the underground part of the stock) can not only keep the excellent characters of the scion variety, but also utilize the excellent characteristics of the stock. The variety of citrus stocks is various, many factors need to be considered in the selection of the stocks, different stocks have certain influence on the root system, crown, tree height, yield, quality, service life, adaptability, stress resistance and the like of citrus, and the good stocks not only can adjust the growth of the trees, but also can enhance the cold resistance, drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance and disease and insect resistance of the trees.
People usually use developed root systems and strong soil fixing property, resistance and growth vigor as the base stocks, but because the developed root systems and strong growth vigor exist, tree crowns are extremely high and large, production management is inconvenient, inter-plant or inter-row sealing is easily caused, the yield and the quality of fruits are influenced, and with the reduction of labor quantity and quality, the base stocks with certain characteristics are often used as intermediate stocks in production, and the influence of the two base stocks on scions is utilized to jointly act on scion varieties so as to achieve the purposes of improving the resistance and the quality of trees, dwarfing the tree crowns and the like. At present, the main intermediate stock source in production mainly adopts high grafting and seed changing, the original eliminated variety is used as the intermediate stock, and the passive high grafting and seed changing tree is easy to grow vigorously, so that the crown is moved outwards, and the operation of agriculture such as pruning, fertilizing, pesticide spraying and the like is inconvenient. The growth speed of plants can be reduced theoretically by grafting another rootstock after the rootstock is grafted, so that the size of the crown can be effectively controlled, but the current seedling raising mode does not exist; in addition, the production high-grafting variety changing is that the intermediate anvil is completely and sequentially connected to the base anvil, and the intermediate anvil is not connected to the base anvil in a reverse mode.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) at present, the main sources of the intermediate stocks in production mainly adopt high grafting for seed changing, the original rejected varieties are used as the intermediate stocks, and the seedling raising mode that another stock is grafted after a base stock is used and then scions are grafted does not exist;
(2) at present, the intermediate anvil is completely and sequentially connected on the base anvil in production, and the intermediate anvil is not reversely connected on the base anvil. The existing grafting mode is a conveying mode of conveying water, inorganic salt upwards from the root and conveying organic nutrients downwards, but whether the plant can survive or effectively convey the water, inorganic salt and the organic nutrients after reverse grafting is a technical difficulty, and the growth speed of new scion and new shoot can be reduced by utilizing grafting of the stock after grafting the intermediate stock in the same direction or in the opposite direction, so that the high speed of the tree crown is controlled, the agricultural operations of fertilization, pesticide spraying, pruning and the like are facilitated, and the fruit quality is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a citrus grafting method.
The invention is realized in such a way that a citrus grafting method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting, soaking, disinfecting and seed coat removing rootstock seeds, uniformly sowing the disinfected seeds on a seedbed in a dibbling mode, covering fine sandy loam of about 2 centimeters, and watering, so that the seeds are favorable for germination;
step two: in order to improve the growth speed of the seedlings, transplanting seedlings and culturing after transplanting are carried out after the lignification of the stocks;
step three: grafting: the rootstock planted in the nutrition pot reaches a certain thickness, namely the rootstock which is 0.4-0.5 cm thick away from the 15-20 cm of soil surface is subjected to positive grafting and reverse grafting;
step four: after beginning spring in the next year, picking a hole on the film at the position of the scion with the bud eye by using a blade, and bending the stock to promote seedling germination; cutting off the redundant stock on the grafting opening until the first tip is mature, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the scion and reducing the nutrient consumption of the stock;
step five: after the first treetop drawing and aging of the intermediate anvil, in summer and autumn, the survival rate is investigated after 20 days by adopting the lateral grafting of small buds at the position 3 cm from bottom to top of the intermediate anvil, and the lateral grafting is easy to survive in summer; after the spring of the next year, a blade is used for picking a hole on the film at the bud grafting position to facilitate the germination of the bud, the intermediate stock is bent to promote the seedling germination, and the germination rate is investigated after 1 month.
Further, in step one, stock seed is gathered and is sowed, specifically includes:
(1) in order to improve the seedling quality, mature and full rootstock seeds of trifoliate orange, tangerine, senyang fragrant orange and carinzoZhi orange are collected;
(2) soaking the seeds in hot water of 50 ℃ for 5-10 minutes before sowing, immediately placing the seeds into hot water of 55 ℃ for soaking for 60 minutes after fishing, then placing the seeds into clear water sterilized by 1% bleaching powder for scrubbing, removing pectin and peeling off the seed coats of the seeds, and facilitating the neat germination of the seeds through sterilization treatment;
(3) uniformly sowing the disinfected seeds on a seedbed in a dibbling mode, covering fine sandy loam of about 2 centimeters, and watering, so that the temperature of the soil can be kept, and the germination of the seeds can be promoted;
(4) checking the soil humidity every 7-10 days, wherein the water content is preferably below 70%; after germination, controlling water and temperature, and applying disinfectant solution and 0.1-0.3% urea; and then, fertilizing and sterilizing about 10 days until the rootstocks are lignified, and transplanting.
Further, in the second step, the transplanting of the stock seedling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, preparing nutrient soil and peat: river sand: the proportion of the chaff is 2: 1: 1, then sterilizing the nutrient soil by using steam generated by a boiler, when the temperature is raised to 100 ℃ for about 10 minutes, sterilizing the nutrient soil by using the steam for about 30 minutes, cooling the sterilized nutrient soil, and preparing and sterilizing the nutrient soil to be beneficial to the root growth of seedlings;
(2) filling nutrient soil into a proper position in a nutrition pot, keeping a vacant position close to the length of a stock root, putting the stock into the pot, fixing the stock in the nutrition pot by a thumb and a forefinger, filling the nutrient soil while tamping, ensuring that the stock root is lower than the upper opening of the nutrition pot by 2cm, transporting the stock to a field for placing, watering, seedling support and soil supplement.
Further, in the second step, the cultivation after the transplanting of the stock seedling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after the rootstocks are transplanted, attention is paid to drought prevention and waterlogging prevention, and water is properly controlled to promote the growth of root systems;
(2) after 7-10 days, no dead seedlings or weakened seedlings are produced, thin water fertilizer can be applied for 10-15 days, and fertilizer is supplemented every 7-10 days later, so that the growth speed of the seedlings can be accelerated by applying the fertilizer;
(3) weeding is carried out in time, sprout tillers under 30 cm are removed, diseases and insect pests such as damping off, citrus butterfly, leaf miner, red spider and the like are prevented and treated, weeding and sprout tillers removal are reduced, nutrition competition with fine seedlings is reduced, and seedlings can grow fast and healthily.
Further, in the third step, the grafting specifically comprises:
(1) before grafting, according to the virus-free operation, hands and tools are disinfected by 1% sodium hypochlorite solution or 0.5% bleaching powder solution, so that the disinfection is favorable for the grafting survival rate;
(2) selecting branches of immature, robust and disease and insect pest-free trifoliate orange, tangerine, Ziyang fragrant orange and CalizoZhi orange in summer and autumn, cutting off leaves, carrying out forward grafting and backward grafting on the branches with the length of 5-10 cm, fixing the cuts of the branches, and then wrapping the whole branches by using a grafting film, wherein the film wrapping is favorable for preventing and controlling moisture loss and improving the grafting survival rate;
(3) after grafting, a label is hung in time to mark the stock, the scion, the date and the like.
Furthermore, in the third step, the reverse connection is performed in a ventral connection mode.
Further, in the fourth step, the stock bending step is to bend the stock branches above the connector reversely and press the stock branches on the nutrition pot, so that the germination of the grafted buds is promoted.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, when the anvil is cut, the lowest position of the cut is higher than the highest position of the scion bud, and the cut is smooth, so that the wound area is reduced, and the healing is facilitated.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
the invention changes the traditional citrus grafting method in China.
The invention adopts different stocks to carry out positive and negative scion grafting, can realize grafting survival, the grafting survival rate is over 60 percent, the survival and sprouting can be realized by carrying out scion bud again on the survival reverse grafting branch, the average survival rate of scion direct grafting is up to 79.26 percent, and the survival rate of reverse grafting is 60.12 percent. .
The invention provides a new method for controlling tree vigor and dwarfing tree crowns, and provides another way for producing high-quality and high-yield citrus fruits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for grafting citrus.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing survival rate of forward-cut and backward-cut branches according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The method utilizes the forward and reverse grafting of different rootstock branches on the foundation stock so as to utilize the forward and reverse grafting of the intermediate stock to control the tree vigor and dwarfing the crown, thereby being beneficial to daily production management of mountain citrus orchard in China, reducing labor intensity and improving fruit yield and quality.
The application principle of the present invention is further explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings;
as shown in fig. 1, the citrus grafting method and the citrus branch reverse grafting method provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically include the following steps:
s101: collecting stock seeds, soaking, sterilizing, removing seed coats, uniformly sowing the sterilized seeds on a seedbed in a dibbling mode, covering fine sandy loam of about 2 centimeters, and watering;
s102: transplanting seedlings and culturing after transplanting after the rootstocks are lignified;
s103: grafting: the rootstock planted in the nutrition pot reaches a certain thickness, namely the rootstock which is 0.4-0.5 cm thick away from the 15-20 cm of soil surface is subjected to positive grafting and reverse grafting;
s104: after beginning spring in the next year, picking a hole on the film at the position of the scion with the bud eye by using a blade, and bending the stock to promote seedling germination; cutting off redundant rootstocks on the grafting openings until the first shoots are mature;
s105: after the first treetop and aging of the intermediate anvil, adopting small bud abdominal grafting at the position 3 cm from bottom to top of the intermediate anvil in summer and autumn, and investigating the survival rate after 20 days; after spring beginning in the next year, a hole is formed in the position where the film is grafted by a blade, the middle stock is bent to promote seedling germination, and the germination rate is investigated after 1 month.
In step S101, the rootstock seed collection and sowing provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
(1) collecting mature and full rootstock seeds of trifoliate orange, tangerine, senyang orange and carinzozhi orange;
(2) soaking the seeds in hot water of 50 ℃ for 5-10 minutes before sowing, immediately placing the seeds in hot water of 55 ℃ for 60 minutes after fishing out, then placing the seeds in clean water sterilized by 1% bleaching powder for scrubbing, and removing pectin and peeling off the seed coats of the seeds;
(3) uniformly sowing the sterilized seeds on a seedbed in a dibbling mode, covering fine sandy loam of about 2 centimeters, and watering;
(4) checking the soil humidity every 7-10 days, wherein the water content is preferably below 70%; after germination, controlling water and temperature, and applying disinfectant solution and 0.1-0.3% urea; and then, fertilizing and sterilizing about 10 days until the rootstocks are lignified, and transplanting.
In step S102, the transplanting of the stock seedling provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
(1) firstly, preparing nutrient soil and peat: river sand: the proportion of the chaff is 2: 1: 1, sterilizing the nutrient soil by using steam generated by a boiler, heating to 100 ℃ for about 10 minutes, sterilizing by using the steam for about 30 minutes, and cooling the sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) filling nutrient soil into a proper position in a nutrition pot, keeping a vacant position close to the length of a stock root, putting the stock into the pot, fixing the stock in the nutrition pot by a thumb and a forefinger, filling the nutrient soil while tamping, ensuring that the stock root is lower than the upper opening of the nutrition pot by 2cm, transporting the stock to a field for placing, watering, seedling support and soil supplement.
In step S102, the post-transplant culture of the rootstock seedling provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
(1) after the rootstocks are transplanted, attention is paid to drought prevention and waterlogging prevention, and water is properly controlled to promote the growth of root systems;
(2) after 7-10 days, no dead seedlings or weakened seedlings are produced, thin water fertilizer can be applied for 10-15 days, and fertilizer is supplemented every 7-10 days;
(3) weeding in time and picking off the sprouts below 30 cm, and preventing and treating damping off, citrus butterfly, leaf miner, red spider and other plant diseases and insect pests.
In step S103, the grafting provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically is:
(1) before grafting, the operation is carried out in a virus-free mode, hands and tools are disinfected by 1% sodium hypochlorite solution or 0.5% bleaching powder solution;
(2) selecting branches of immature, robust and disease and insect pest-free trifoliate orange, tangerine, Ziyang fragrant orange and CalizoZhi orange in summer and autumn, cutting off leaves, performing forward grafting and backward grafting on the branches with the length of 5-10 cm, fixing the cuts of the branches, and then binding the whole branches by using a grafting film;
(3) after grafting, a label is hung in time to mark the stock, the scion, the date and the like.
In step S103, the reverse connection provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a ventral connection.
In step S104, the bent stock provided by the embodiment of the present invention is formed by reversely bending the stock branch above the cut and pressing the bent stock branch on the feeding block.
In step S104, when the anvil is cut, the lowest position of the cut is higher than the highest position of the scion bud, and the cut is smooth.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for grafting scions after survival of interstock forward and backward scions by using different stocks.
The application of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples;
example 1
1. Materials and methods
The test is carried out in 22 months (sunny days) in 2013 in a Beizhou batch Mazhen white crane orchard, the stock used as the base stock mainly comprises four stock varieties which are commonly used in production, namely Ziyang fragrant orange, tangerine, poncirus trifoliata and poncirus trifoliata, and the varieties used as the intermediate stock are respectively: the branches of the middle anvil are 5cm and 10cm respectively, and the branches of each length are subjected to ventral grafting by adopting sequential grafting (cutting the original base into joints) and reverse grafting (cutting the original top into joints, namely, adjusting the direction of the branches).
The whole nutrient is irrigated before grafting, conventional water and fertilizer and pest and disease damage management is carried out, survival rate is checked after 20 days of grafting, whether the branches are in direct grafting or reverse grafting, the survival rate of 5cm branches is better than that of 10cm branches, all 5cm branches in direct grafting survive (except that 1 orange is grafted on the orange to die), the average survival rate is 83.35%, the survival rate of 10cm branches in direct grafting is very high, only 1 dead branch of the orange grafted on the red orange and the orange is grafted on the orange, and the average survival rate is 91.68%; the survival rate of the reverse grafting branches of 5cm is also higher (only 1 death plant is grafted on the tangerine), the average survival rate is 91.68 percent, the survival rate of the reverse grafting branches of 10cm is obviously reduced, and the average survival rate is only 66.68 percent (see figure 2).
The method comprises the steps of cutting the thin films of two bud holes at the top end of a grafted branch by a knife before sprouting in 26 months 2 in 2014, paying attention to respectively damaging the bud holes, bending a base stock (reversely bending a stock branch above a joint and pressing the stock branch on a nutrition pot) to promote seedling sprouting, and surveying the sprouting number after the first spring shoot aging (5 months and 9 days). The test results are shown in table 1, and the results show that the branches which are directly or reversely grafted on the base stock can normally sprout if the grafting survives.
And (4) conclusion: the normal grafting or the reverse grafting of other rootstock branches on the base stocks can survive, and the survival rates of different rootstocks are different.
TABLE 1 survival rate and germination rate of forward and backward connections of interstocks of different lengths
Figure GDA0001959423380000071
Figure GDA0001959423380000081
Example 2;
1. materials and methods
3-month planting in 2015, 9-month grafting in 2015 and 5-month statistics in 2016
TABLE 2 survival rates of forward and backward grafts of interstocks of different lengths and after re-grafting
Figure GDA0001959423380000082
2. Results of the experiment
As can be seen from Table 2, the survival rate is high regardless of the forward grafting or the backward grafting, wherein the survival rate of the forward grafting is mostly 60-100%, but the average survival rate is as high as 90%; the survival rate of the reverse grafting is still 60% -100%, but the average survival rate is 75.14%. The survival rate of the scion grafted on the intermediate stock in the direct grafting way is up to 79.26 percent, and the survival rate of the reverse grafting way is 60.12 percent.
3. Results
From the above results, it can be seen that, as in example 1, the interstock survived both in the case of forward grafting and in the case of reverse grafting, and that the scion survived after grafting on the interstock survived, indicating that this new grafting method is completely feasible.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The citrus grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting stock seeds, soaking, sterilizing and removing seed coats, uniformly sowing the sterilized stock seeds on a seedbed in a dibbling mode, covering 2cm of fine sandy loam, and watering;
step two: transplanting stock seedlings and culturing the transplanted stock seedlings after the stock is lignified;
step three: grafting: the rootstock planted in the nutrition pot reaches a certain thickness, namely the rootstock which is 0.4-0.5 cm thick away from the 15-20 cm of soil surface is subjected to positive grafting and reverse grafting;
step four: after beginning spring in the next year, picking a hole on the film at the position of the scion with the bud eye by using a blade, and bending the stock to promote seedling germination; cutting off redundant rootstocks on the grafting openings until the first shoots are mature;
step five: after the first treetop and aging of the intermediate anvil, adopting small bud abdominal grafting at the position 3 cm from bottom to top of the intermediate anvil in summer and autumn, and investigating the survival rate after 20 days; after spring beginning in the next year, a hole is selected in the film at the bud grafting position by using a blade, the seedling germination is promoted by bending the intermediate stock, and the germination rate is investigated after 1 month;
in the first step, the stock seed collection and sowing specifically include:
(1) collecting mature and full rootstock seeds of trifoliate orange, tangerine, senyang orange and carinzozhi orange;
(2) before sowing, stock seeds are soaked in hot water of 50 ℃ for 5-10 minutes, immediately placed into hot water of 55 ℃ for soaking for 60 minutes after being fished out, and then placed into clean water sterilized by 1% bleaching powder for scrubbing, pectin is removed, and the seed coats of the stock seeds are peeled off;
(3) uniformly sowing the disinfected stock seeds on a seedbed in a dibbling mode, covering 2cm of fine sandy loam, and watering;
(4) checking the soil humidity every 7-10 days, wherein the water content is below 70%; after germination, controlling water and temperature, and applying disinfectant solution and 0.1-0.3% urea; then, fertilizing and sterilizing for 10 days until the rootstocks are lignified, and then transplanting;
in the second step, the transplanting of the stock seedling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, preparing nutrient soil and peat: river sand: the proportion of the chaff is 2: 1: 1, then sterilizing the nutrient soil by using steam generated by a boiler, when the temperature is raised to 100 ℃ for 10 minutes, sterilizing the nutrient soil by using the steam for 30 minutes, and cooling the sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) loading nutrient soil into a proper position in a nutrition pot, keeping a vacant position close to the length of a stock root, placing the stock into the nutrition pot, fixing the stock in the middle of the nutrition pot by using a thumb and a forefinger, loading the nutrient soil while tamping, ensuring that the stock root is lower than the upper opening of the nutrition pot by 2cm, transporting the stock to a field for placing, watering, supporting seedlings and supplementing soil;
in the second step, the cultivation after the transplanting of the stock seedling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after the rootstocks are transplanted, attention is paid to drought prevention and waterlogging prevention, and water is properly controlled to promote the growth of root systems;
(2) after 7-10 days, no dead seedlings or weakened seedlings are produced, thin water fertilizer is applied for 10-15 days, and fertilizer is supplemented every 7-10 days;
(3) weeding in time and picking off the sprouts below 30 cm to prevent and control damping off, citrus butterfly, leaf miner and red spider diseases and insect pests.
2. The citrus grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in step three, the grafting is specifically:
(1) before grafting, the operation is carried out in a virus-free mode, hands and tools are disinfected by 1% sodium hypochlorite solution or 0.5% bleaching powder solution;
(2) selecting branches of immature, robust and disease and insect pest-free trifoliate orange, tangerine, Ziyang fragrant orange and CalizoZhi orange in summer and autumn, cutting off leaves, performing forward grafting and backward grafting on the branches with the length of 5-10 cm, fixing the cuts of the branches, and then binding the whole branches by using a grafting film;
(3) after grafting, a label is hung in time to mark the stock, the scion and the date.
3. The citrus grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in step three, the reverse grafting is performed as a side grafting.
4. The citrus grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the rootstock is bent in a way that the rootstock branch above the cut is reversely bent and is pressed on the nutrition pot.
5. The citrus grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the cutting of the stock is performed by keeping the lowest position of the cut higher than the highest position of the scion bud, and the cut is smooth.
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