CN114557202A - Durian planting method with high fruit setting rate - Google Patents
Durian planting method with high fruit setting rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a durian planting method with high fruit setting rate, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting durian seedlings with 10-15mm thick stems, cutting young and tender leaf buds of durian plants with 1-2 years of fruiting, carrying out primary bud grafting, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to bud grafting openings; s2, transplanting, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting; s3, cutting young bud strips of the durian plants which bear fruits for 1-2 years, selecting the durian seedlings which are planted for 6-8 months, and carrying out secondary bud grafting; s4, transplanting; s5, cutting young bud strips of the durian plants which bear fruits for 5-6 years, selecting the durian seedlings which are planted to live for 6-8 months, and carrying out three times of budding; s6, transplanting, trimming and regularly topdressing; according to the invention, by adopting a multi-stage grafting, seedling raising and planting mode, the durian multi-stage durian grafted plant with stable survival rate and high fruit setting rate is obtained, the problems of low fruit setting rate and low planting survival rate of the existing durian planting are solved, and the large-scale popularization of durian planting is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a durian planting method with a high fruit setting rate.
Background
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) belongs to tropical evergreen trees of kapok, tropical fruits with huge fruit shape, strong fruit fragrance and unique flavor are rich in vitamin substances, mineral elements, sugar powder and the like, and the essence is called the king in the fruit; the product is originally produced in Malaysia, southeast Asia and the like, is mainly planted and distributed in Guangdong and Hainan China at home, has wide consumption markets and is worried by a plurality of consumers.
In the durian planting process, the good durian planting survival rate is achieved under the influence of climatic conditions and different planting modes in the prior art, but the fruit bearing rate of the durian fruits is still difficult to guarantee, the fruit yield quality is not high, and the domestic large-scale planting of the durian is greatly limited. Therefore, the improvement and optimization of the durian planting mode technology is one of the main ways for realizing high and stable yield of durian planting. The durian planting method with high fruit setting rate is found, and has important significance for promoting the development of the durian planting industry in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the durian multi-stage durian grafted plant with stable survival rate and high fruit setting rate is obtained mainly by adopting a multi-stage grafting, seedling raising and planting mode, so that the problems of low fruit setting rate and low planting survival rate of the existing durian planting are solved, and the large-scale popularization of durian planting is facilitated.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a durian planting method with high fruit setting rate,
a durian planting method with high fruit setting rate comprises the following steps:
s1, performing first-stage grafting seedling culture, selecting a durian seedling with a stem diameter of 10-15mm as a stock, cutting young and tender leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 3-5cm on a durian plant growing for 1-2 years in spring, performing primary grafting, removing the rest buds on the stock, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to a bud grafting port after 1-3 days of the bud grafting to obtain a first-stage durian grafting seedling;
s2, transplanting at one time, transplanting in the field after grafting survives for 10-14 days, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7-8 m; and after 14-20 days of the transplanted durian seedlings, applying fertilizer solution to the transplanted durian seedlings for the first time;
s3, secondary grafting seedling raising, namely cutting young and tender buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.5cm and are germinated on the durian plants with the fruit length of 1-2 years, selecting the durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 2 for 6-8 months as stock, carrying out secondary grafting, removing the rest buds on the stock, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to a bud grafting port after 3-5 days of grafting to obtain secondary durian grafted seedlings;
s4, secondary transplanting, wherein after grafting survives for 7-10d, secondary field transplanting is carried out according to the transplanting method in the step 2;
s5, carrying out three-stage grafting seedling raising, shearing tender bud strips which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.5cm and are germinated on durian plants with the fruit of 5-6 years, selecting the durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 3 and survive for 6-8 months as stock, carrying out three-stage grafting, removing the rest buds on the stock, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to a bud grafting opening after 3-5d of the bud grafting to obtain three-stage durian grafted seedlings;
and S6, carrying out three times of field transplanting, trimming and regular topdressing on the three-stage durian grafted seedlings after 7-10 days of grafting survival according to the method in the step 2 to obtain the durian multi-stage grafted plants with high fruit setting rate.
Further, the antibacterial nutrient solution comprises, by mass, 5-8 parts of glycine, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of vitamin C, 0.3-0.5 part of soyasaponin, 8-12 parts of alginate and 6-10 parts of hyaluronic acid.
Further explaining, the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of urea, 6-9 parts of potassium humate, 4-6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of calcium borate, 1-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 50-80 parts of water.
Further, after the primary, secondary and tertiary budding, the budding port is sprayed with the antibacterial nutrient solution diluted by water to 10-20% of mass concentration for 1 time every 1 day, 20-30 ml/plant for each time and 3-4 times.
Further explaining, before transplanting, the durian root is sprayed with an antibacterial nutrient solution diluted by water into 30-50% of mass concentration, and the spraying amount is mainly to wet the root.
Further, the application amount of the compound fertilizer solution is 75-130ml per plant.
Further, in step 6, the regular trimming process specifically includes: after the transplanting survives for 1 week, removing terminal buds of the main trunk, pruning branches after the branches appear, and reserving 3-5 thick branches as primary main branches; after the main branch sprouts for 1 week, preserving 3-5 strong branches on the main branch as first-level lateral branches, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, preserving 2-3 strong branch buds extracted from the first-level lateral branches as second-level lateral branches, and removing the rest branch buds.
Further, in the durian flowering period, top dressing of a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is carried out, wherein the top dressing amount is 60-65 g/plant calculated by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and a compound fruit promoting fertilizer solution is sprayed every 3-4 d: the compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution comprises 0.01-0.03 part of gibberellin, 10-15 parts of borax solution and 230 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on the leaf surfaces uniformly for 3-5 times; and additionally applying boron fertilizer in the fruit setting period of the durian, wherein the fertilizing amount is 120 plus 150 g/plant calculated by boric acid.
Further explaining, the cultivation condition after the bud grafting is indoor nursery greenhouse grafting, the temperature is 25-27 ℃, the watering is kept once a day within 6-10 days after the grafting, the bottom soil is mainly wetted and no water is accumulated, and after the grafting survives for 10-14 days, the durian grafted seedling with the grafted bud mouth healed and a new bud is grown is selected for field transplanting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, young leaf buds at different growth stages are selected as scions, durian seedlings growing at different grafting stages are taken as stocks, and on the basis of improving the growth vigor of the durian seedlings by grafting the durian plant buds growing for 1-2 years, adult durian trees with different fruiting ages for 1-6 years are adopted for secondary grafting.
(2) In the multi-stage grafting process, the spraying treatment of the antibacterial nutrient solution is respectively carried out on the bud grafting opening and the root before transplanting, so that the durian grafted seedling provides nutrition required by growth, the vitality of the seedling in the grafting process and the transplanting process is kept, and the survival rate of the multi-stage grafting is ensured; moreover, the durian seedlings growing within 1 year of short-term grafting are preferably selected as the stocks, so that the grafted growth vigor is kept, and the growth and fruit setting effects of the durian grafted plants are improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
The durian planting method with high fruit setting rate comprises the following steps:
A. preparing an antibacterial nutrient solution and a compound fertilizer solution:
the antibacterial nutrient solution comprises, by mass, 5 parts of glycine, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of vitamin C, 0.3 part of soyasaponin, 8 parts of alginate and 6 parts of hyaluronic acid;
the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 10 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium humate, 4 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5 part of calcium borate, 1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 50 parts of water.
B. Planting durian by multi-stage grafting:
(1) first-stage grafting and seedling raising:
selecting durian seedlings with stems 10-12mm thick as stocks, cutting tender leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 3-4 cm on 1-year-old durian plants in 3 months in spring, carrying out primary bud grafting in an indoor nursery greenhouse at the temperature of 25-26 ℃, removing the rest buds on the stocks, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution diluted by water to be 20% in mass concentration to bud grafting ports after 1d of bud grafting, spraying 20 ml/plant every 1d, and spraying 3 times; watering once a day within 6 days of grafting, and mainly wetting soil at the bottom without water accumulation to obtain a first-stage durian grafted seedling;
(2) primary transplanting:
after grafting survives for 10 days, transplanting in the field, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the antibacterial nutrient solution is diluted by water to reach the mass concentration of 50%, and the spraying amount is mainly based on wetting the roots; the transplanting line spacing is 7 m; after the 14 th day of the durian transplanted seedlings, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the durian transplanted seedlings for the first time, wherein the application amount is 75ml per plant;
(3) secondary grafting and seedling raising:
shearing tender bud strips which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and germinate on the durian plants with the fruit of 1 year, selecting the durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 2 and survive for 6 months as stocks, carrying out secondary bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution with the same concentration on bud grafting ports after 3d of bud grafting to obtain second-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(4) secondary transplanting:
after grafting survives for 7d, carrying out secondary field transplanting; spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7 m; after the 14 th day of the transplanted durian seedlings, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the transplanted durian seedlings for the first time, wherein the application amount is 90ml per plant;
(5) three-stage grafting and seedling culture:
shearing tender bud strips which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and germinate on durian plants with the fruits of 5 years, selecting the durian seedlings transplanted and planted in the step 3 for 6 months as stocks, carrying out three times of budding, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying antibacterial nutrient solution with the same concentration on budding ports after 3d of budding to obtain third-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(6) transplanting, pruning and fertilizing:
transplanting the three-stage durian grafted seedlings after grafting survival for 7d in the field, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7 m; after the 14 th day of the transplanted durian seedlings, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the transplanted durian seedlings for the first time, wherein the application amount is 125ml per plant;
pruning, namely removing terminal buds of the main trunk after transplanting survival for 1 week, pruning branches after the branches appear, and keeping 3-4 robust branches as primary main branches; after the main branches sprout for 1 week, preserving 3-4 strong branches on the main branches as first-level lateral branches, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, reserving 2-3 strong branch buds extracted from the primary lateral branches as secondary lateral branches, and removing the rest branch buds;
and (3) regularly topdressing, namely topdressing a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in the durian florescence, wherein the topdressing amount is 60 g/plant calculated by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and spraying a compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution every 3 days: the compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution comprises 0.01 part of gibberellin, 10 parts of borax solution and 200 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on the leaf surfaces uniformly for 3 times; and (3) additionally applying boron fertilizer in the fruit setting period of the durian, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 120 g/plant counted by boric acid, so that durian multi-level grafting plants with high fruit setting rate are obtained.
Example 2
The durian planting method with high fruit setting rate comprises the following steps:
A. preparing an antibacterial nutrient solution and a compound fertilizer solution:
the antibacterial nutrient solution comprises 8 parts of glycine, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 part of soyasaponin, 12 parts of alginate and 10 parts of hyaluronic acid in parts by mass;
the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 15 parts of urea, 9 parts of potassium humate, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1 part of calcium borate, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 80 parts of water.
B. Planting durian by multi-stage grafting:
(1) first-stage grafting seedling culture:
selecting durian seedlings with stems 13-15mm thick as stocks, cutting tender leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 4-5 cm from 2-year-old durian plants in 3 months in spring, carrying out primary bud grafting in an indoor nursery greenhouse at the temperature of 26-27 ℃, removing the rest buds on the stocks, spraying a bacterium-inhibiting nutrient solution diluted by water to be 10% in mass concentration to bud grafting openings after 3 days of bud grafting, spraying 30 ml/plant every 1 day, and spraying 4 times; watering once a day within 10 days of grafting, and mainly wetting soil at the bottom without water accumulation to obtain a first-stage durian grafted seedling;
(2) primary transplanting:
after the grafting survives for 14 days, performing field transplanting, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the antibacterial nutrient solution is diluted by water to the mass concentration of 30%, and the spraying amount is mainly based on the wet roots; the transplanting line spacing is 8 m; after the durian transplanted seedlings reach 20d, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the durian transplanted seedlings for the first time, wherein the application amount is 80ml per plant;
(3) secondary grafting and seedling raising:
shearing tender bud strips which are not lignified and grow to 6.0-6.5 cm and germinate on durian plants with the fruits of 2 years, selecting the durian seedlings which survive for 8 months after transplantation in the step 2 as stocks, carrying out secondary bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacterium-inhibiting nutrient solution with the same concentration on bud grafting ports after 5d of bud grafting to obtain second-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(4) secondary transplanting:
after the grafting survives for 10 days, carrying out secondary field transplanting; before transplanting, spraying a bacterium-inhibiting nutrient solution to the roots of the durian, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 8 m; after the seedling transplantation of the durian is carried out for 20 days, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the durian transplantation seedling for the first time, wherein the application amount is 110ml per plant;
(5) three-stage grafting and seedling culture:
shearing tender bud strips which are not lignified and grow to 6.0-6.5 cm and germinate on durian plants with fruits of 6 years, selecting the durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 3 and survive for 8 months as stocks, carrying out three times of budding, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacteriostatic nutrient solution with the same concentration on budding ports after 5 days of budding to obtain third-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(6) transplanting, pruning and fertilizing:
transplanting the three-stage durian grafted seedlings after grafting survival for 10 days in the field, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 8 m; after the seedling transplantation of the durian is carried out for 20 days, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the durian transplantation seedling for the first time, wherein the application amount is 130ml per plant;
pruning, namely removing terminal buds of the main trunk after transplanting survival for 1 week, pruning branches after the branches appear, and keeping 4-5 robust branches as primary main branches; after the main branches sprout for 1 week, preserving 4-5 strong buds on the main branches as first-level lateral branches, and removing the rest buds; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, reserving 2-3 strong branch buds extracted from the primary lateral branches as secondary lateral branches, and removing the rest branch buds;
and (3) regularly topdressing, namely topdressing a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in the durian florescence, wherein the topdressing amount is 65 g/plant in terms of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and spraying a compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution every 4 days: the compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution comprises 0.03 part of gibberellin, 15 parts of borax solution and 230 parts of water, is mainly uniformly sprayed on leaf surfaces and is sprayed for 5 times; and (3) additionally applying boron fertilizer in the fruit setting period of the durian, wherein the fertilizing amount is 150 g/plant counted by boric acid, so as to obtain the durian multi-stage grafting plant with high fruit setting rate.
Example 3
The durian planting method with high fruit setting rate comprises the following steps:
A. preparing an antibacterial nutrient solution and a compound fertilizer solution:
the antibacterial nutrient solution comprises 6.5 parts of glycine, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.5 parts of vitamin C, 0.4 part of soyasaponin, 10 parts of alginate and 8 parts of hyaluronic acid in parts by mass;
the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 13 parts of urea, 8 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.8 part of calcium borate, 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 65 parts of water.
B. Planting durian by multi-stage grafting:
(1) first-stage grafting and seedling raising:
selecting durian seedlings with stems 13-15mm thick as stocks, cutting tender leaf buds growing to 3-4 cm without lignification on 2-year-old durian plants in 3 months in spring, carrying out primary bud grafting in an indoor nursery greenhouse at the temperature of 26-27 ℃, removing the rest buds on the stocks, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution diluted by water to 15% of mass concentration to bud grafting ports after 2 days of bud grafting, spraying 25 ml/plant every 1 day, and spraying 4 times; watering once a day within 8 days of grafting, and mainly wetting soil at the bottom without water accumulation to obtain a first-stage durian grafted seedling;
(2) primary transplanting:
after grafting survives for 12 days, transplanting in the field, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the antibacterial nutrient solution is diluted by water to the mass concentration of 40%, and the spraying amount is mainly based on the wet roots; the transplanting row spacing is 7.5 m; after the transplanted durian seedlings grow to 18d, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the transplanted durian seedlings for the first time, wherein the application amount is 80ml per plant;
(3) secondary grafting and seedling raising:
shearing tender bud strips which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and germinate on durian plants with the fruits of 2 years, selecting the durian seedlings which survive for 7 months after transplantation in the step 2 as stocks, carrying out secondary bud grafting, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying bacterium-inhibiting nutrient solution with the same concentration to bud grafting ports after 4d of bud grafting to obtain second-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(4) secondary transplanting:
after grafting survives for 9 days, carrying out secondary field transplanting; spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7.5 m; after the 18 th day of the durian transplanted seedlings, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the durian transplanted seedlings for the first time, wherein the application amount is 95ml per plant;
(5) three-stage grafting and seedling culture:
cutting tender bud strips which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and germinate on the durian plants with the fruits of 6 years, selecting the durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 3 and survive for 7 months as stocks, carrying out three times of budding, removing the rest buds on the stocks, and spraying the same-concentration antibacterial nutrient solution to bud junctions after 4d of budding to obtain third-stage durian grafted seedlings;
(6) transplanting, pruning and fertilizing:
transplanting the three-stage durian grafted seedlings after grafting survival for 9 days in the field, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7.5 m; after the 18 th day of the transplanted durian seedlings, applying a compound fertilizer solution to the transplanted durian seedlings for the first time, wherein the application amount is 125ml per plant;
pruning, namely removing terminal buds of the main trunk after transplanting survival for 1 week, pruning branches after the branches appear, and keeping 3-4 robust branches as primary main branches; after the main branches sprout for 1 week, preserving 3-4 strong branches on the main branches as first-level lateral branches, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, reserving 2-3 strong branch buds extracted from the primary lateral branches as secondary lateral branches, and removing the rest branch buds;
and (3) regularly topdressing, namely topdressing a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in the durian florescence, wherein the topdressing amount is 63 g/plant in terms of monopotassium phosphate, and spraying a compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution every 3 days: the compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution comprises 0.02 part of gibberellin, 13 parts of borax solution and 220 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on the leaf surfaces uniformly for 4 times; and (3) additionally applying boron fertilizer in the fruit setting period of the durian, wherein the fertilizing amount is 135 g/plant calculated by boric acid, so as to obtain the durian multi-stage grafting plant with high fruit setting rate.
Comparative example 1
And verifying the influence of the multi-stage grafting of different scions on the fruit setting rate and the survival rate of the durian planting.
Comparative example 1-1: a durian planting method according to example 3, except that: in the multi-stage grafting planting, tender shoot strips which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.0 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the fruit of 6 years are used as scions, three-stage grafting seedling raising is respectively carried out, and the rest treatment is the same as that of the embodiment 3.
Comparative examples 1 to 2: a durian planting method according to example 3, except that: in the multi-stage grafting planting, tender shoot strips which are not lignified and grow to 3-4 cm and are germinated on durian plants with the fruit of 2 years are used as scions, three-stage grafting seedling raising is respectively carried out, and the rest treatment is the same as that of the embodiment 3.
The average fruit setting and grafting survival conditions of durian planting in each experimental group are counted, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
| group of | Average fruit number per plant | The grafting survival rate of the third-stage grafted seedlings is% |
| Example 1 | 39 | 93％ |
| Example 2 | 43 | 90％ |
| Example 3 | 42 | 94％ |
| Comparative examples 1 to 1 | 36 | 80％ |
| Comparative examples 1 to 2 | 18 | 91％ |
As can be seen from the above table, the fruit setting amount of each plant in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention can be more than 35, and the grafting survival rate of the third-stage grafted seedlings can be more than 90%, and as can be seen from the comparison between example 3 and comparative examples 1-1 and 1-2, the young leaf bud strips in different growth stages are selected as the scions, so that the survival rate of the multi-stage grafting planting is effectively ensured, the fruit setting rate of the conventional grafted durian seedlings is improved, and compared with the single multi-stage grafting with the comparative example using the same scions, the fruit setting amount is significantly increased.
Comparative example 2
Verifying the influence of the multistage pseudo grafting of different stocks on the fruit setting rate of durian planting.
Comparative example 2-1: a durian planting method according to example 3, except that: in the second-level and third-level grafting seedling raising, durian seedlings transplanted to survive for 1 year are respectively adopted as rootstocks, and the rest treatment is the same as that in the embodiment 3.
Comparative examples 2 to 2: a durian planting method according to example 3, except that: in the second-level and third-level grafting seedling raising, the durian seedlings transplanted to survive for 3 months are respectively adopted as the rootstocks, and the rest treatment is the same as that in the example 3.
Counting the fruit setting and grafting survival conditions of durian in each experimental group, wherein the results are shown in the following table 2:
| group of | Average fruit number per plant | The grafting survival rate of the third-stage grafted seedlings is% |
| Example 3 | 42 | 94％ |
| Comparative example 2-1 | 33 | 94％ |
| Comparative examples 2 to 2 | 29 | 76％ |
As can be seen from the above table, the example and the comparative examples 2-1 and 2-2 show that the present invention synchronously utilizes different stocks obtained by a multi-stage grafting seedling raising manner, controls the durian seedlings growing within 1 year of short-term grafting as stock materials, is more favorable for maintaining the growth vigor of grafting, ensures the survival rate of grafting, is more favorable for the growth and fruit setting of durian grafted plants under good stock selection, and the average fruit setting amount of the example 3 is obviously higher than that of the comparative examples 2-2.
Comparative example 3
Verifying the influence of the antibacterial nutrient solution on the grafting survival rate of the multi-stage durian grafted seedlings.
Comparative example 3-1: a durian planting method according to example 3, with the difference that: in the multi-stage grafting planting, no antibacterial nutrient solution is adopted for spraying treatment after budding and before transplanting; the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3-2: a durian planting method according to example 3, except that: in the multi-stage grafting planting, after budding and before transplanting, high-concentration antibacterial nutrient solution is adopted for spraying treatment; the mass concentration of the solution diluted with water was 60%, and the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 3.
The grafting survival situation of durian planting in each experimental group is counted, and the result is shown in the following table 3:
as can be seen from the above table, in the multi-stage grafting process in the embodiments 1-3 of the present invention, the grafting survival rate of different grafted seedlings is stable, and can be more than 85%, while in the comparative examples 3-1 and 3-2, the grafting survival rate is significantly reduced when the antibacterial nutrient solution is not sprayed, and meanwhile, when the antibacterial nutrient solution with too high concentration is treated, a certain inhibition effect is generated on the growth of the grafted seedling in the previous stage, and the survival rate is lower; the method shows that in the multi-stage grafting process, the bud interfaces and the roots before transplanting are respectively sprayed with the bacteriostatic nutrient solution with a certain concentration, so that the durian grafted seedlings provide nutrition required by growth, the vitality of the seedlings in the grafting process and the transplanting process is kept, and the survival rate of the multi-stage grafting is ensured.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A durian planting method with high fruit setting rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, performing first-stage grafting seedling culture, selecting a durian seedling with a stem diameter of 10-15mm as a stock, cutting young and tender leaf buds which are not lignified and grow to 3-5cm on a durian plant growing for 1-2 years in spring, performing primary grafting, removing the rest buds on the stock, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to a bud grafting port after 1-3 days of the bud grafting to obtain a first-stage durian grafting seedling;
s2, transplanting at one time, transplanting in the field after grafting survives for 10-14 days, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to the roots of the durian before transplanting, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 7-8 m; and after 14-20 days of the transplanted durian seedlings, applying fertilizer solution to the transplanted durian seedlings for the first time;
s3, secondary grafting seedling raising, namely cutting young and tender buds which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.5cm and are germinated on the durian plants with the fruit length of 1-2 years, selecting the durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 2 for 6-8 months as stock, carrying out secondary grafting, removing the rest buds on the stock, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to a bud grafting port after 3-5 days of grafting to obtain secondary durian grafted seedlings;
s4, secondary transplanting, wherein after grafting survives for 7-10d, secondary field transplanting is carried out according to the transplanting method in the step 2;
s5, carrying out three-stage grafting seedling raising, shearing tender bud strips which are not lignified and grow to 5.5-6.5cm and are germinated on durian plants with the fruit of 5-6 years, selecting the durian seedlings which are transplanted and planted in the step 3 and survive for 6-8 months as stock, carrying out three-stage grafting, removing the rest buds on the stock, and spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution to a bud grafting opening after 3-5d of the bud grafting to obtain three-stage durian grafted seedlings;
and S6, carrying out three times of field transplanting, trimming and regular topdressing on the three-stage durian grafted seedlings after 7-10 days of grafting survival according to the method in the step 2 to obtain the durian multi-stage grafted plants with high fruit setting rate.
2. The durian planting method with high fruit set rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antibacterial nutrient solution comprises, by mass, 5-8 parts of glycine, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of vitamin C, 0.3-0.5 part of soyasaponin, 8-12 parts of alginate and 6-10 parts of hyaluronic acid.
3. The durian planting method with high fruit set rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound fertilizer solution comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of urea, 6-9 parts of potassium humate, 4-6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of calcium borate, 1-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 50-80 parts of water.
4. The durian planting method with high fruit set rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the primary, secondary and tertiary budding, the budding mouth is sprayed with an antibacterial nutrient solution diluted by water to 10-20% of mass concentration, and the budding mouth is sprayed for 1 time every 1 day, 20-30 ml/plant every time and 3-4 times.
5. The durian planting method with high fruit set rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before transplanting, spraying an antibacterial nutrient solution diluted by water into the root of the durian with the mass concentration of 30-50%, wherein the spraying amount is mainly wetting the root.
6. The planting method of durian with high fruit setting rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the application amount of the compound fertilizer solution is 75-130ml per plant.
7. The planting method of durian with high fruit setting rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 6, the regular trimming process specifically comprises: after transplanting survival for 1 week, removing top buds of the main trunk, pruning branches after the branches appear, and keeping 3-5 thick branches as primary main branches; after the main branch sprouts for 1 week, preserving 3-5 strong branches on the main branch as first-level lateral branches, and removing the rest branches; after the lateral branches sprout for 1 week, preserving 2-3 strong branch buds extracted from the first-level lateral branches as second-level lateral branches, and removing the rest branch buds.
8. The durian planting method with high fruit set rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the durian florescence, topdressing a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the topdressing amount is 60-65 g/plant calculated by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and a compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution is sprayed every 3-4 d: the compound fruit fertilizer promoting solution comprises 0.01-0.03 part of gibberellin, 10-15 parts of borax solution and 230 parts of water, and is mainly sprayed on the leaf surfaces uniformly for 3-5 times; and additionally applying boron fertilizer in the fruit setting period of the durian, wherein the fertilizing amount is 120 plus 150 g/plant calculated by boric acid.
9. The durian planting method with high fruit set rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cultivation condition after the bud grafting is indoor nursery greenhouse grafting, the temperature is 25-27 ℃, water spraying is kept once a day within 6-10 days after the grafting, mainly the soil at the bottom is wetted and no water is accumulated, and after the grafting survives for 10-14 days, the durian grafted seedling with the grafted bud mouth healed and a new bud grows is selected for field transplanting.
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