CN112400499A - Fruit tree cuttage method - Google Patents

Fruit tree cuttage method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112400499A
CN112400499A CN202011232353.6A CN202011232353A CN112400499A CN 112400499 A CN112400499 A CN 112400499A CN 202011232353 A CN202011232353 A CN 202011232353A CN 112400499 A CN112400499 A CN 112400499A
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China
Prior art keywords
fruit tree
fruit
girdling
branches
small
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CN202011232353.6A
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罗剑飘
罗青文
周春红
周选强
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GUANGZHOU SUGARCANE INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ZHANJIANG SUGARCANE RESEARCH CENTER
Jiangmen Minkang Biotechnology Research Co ltd
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GUANGZHOU SUGARCANE INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ZHANJIANG SUGARCANE RESEARCH CENTER
Jiangmen Minkang Biotechnology Research Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011232353.6A priority Critical patent/CN112400499A/en
Publication of CN112400499A publication Critical patent/CN112400499A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cuttage, and particularly discloses a fruit tree cuttage method. The fruit tree cuttage method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a fruit tree branch for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the fruit tree branch; (2) after terminal buds are removed, small girdling is carried out on the fruit tree branches from the top end to the position 5-15 cm downwards; (3) cutting off fruit tree branches after small girdling is carried out; (4) and cutting the cut fruit tree branches into soil. The cuttage method provided by the invention can ensure that the Huangjing fruits have a good cuttage survival rate while the rooting powder such as indoleacetic acid is not used. Meanwhile, the inventor further researches and discovers that the method is also suitable for other fruit trees of Sapotaceae, such as miracle fruit.

Description

Fruit tree cuttage method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cuttage, in particular to a fruit tree cuttage method.
Background
The HUANGJING fruit is plant of genus Tinospora of family Sapotaceae of order Rhododendron, and is tropical fruit tree; also named Yamei fruit, Huangjin fruit, and Jia Mi yolk fruit, the height of the adult tree is 4-6 m, the leaves are intergrown, and the branches are clustered with one leaf. The fruit taste is between those of the muskmelon and the mango, the sweetness can reach 14 degrees, and the fruit contains rich nutrient substances such as protein, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, a plurality of vitamins and the like. At present, the Huangjing fruits are planted in the areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the like in China, and have high economic value.
Cuttage, also known as cutting, is a common propagation method for cultivating plants. The stem, leaf, root, bud, etc. of the plant can be cut, or inserted into soil, sand, or soaked in water, and can be planted after rooting, so that it can become an independent new plant.
The inventor finds that the survival rate of the Huangjing fruits is low in the cutting process because the Huangjing fruits are not easy to root; therefore, in order to improve the survival rate of the Huangjing fruits, rooting powder is often used to promote the rooting of the Huangjing fruit cutting strips in the cuttage process of the Huangjing fruits, so that the survival rate is improved. The existing rooting powder mainly comprises indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid or naphthylacetic acid and the like. The inventor further researches and discovers that rooting powder is used in a large amount to promote rooting of the Huangjing fruit cuttage branches, and the roots of the Huangjing fruit plants can be rotten along with the growth of the Huangjing fruit plants, so that the Huangjing fruit plants die; greater root accidents are buried for planting the Huangjing fruits. Therefore, the use of indoleacetic acid rooting powder in the Huangjing fruits should be avoided as much as possible to improve the survival rate of the Huangjing fruits. For example, the method for improving the cuttage survival rate of the xanthoxylum citrifolia without using indoleacetic acid rooting powder has important application value.
Since the xanthophyll fruit belongs to the plants of the Sapotaceae family, the inventor finds that other fruit trees (such as miracle fruit) of the Sapotaceae family have the same technical problems in the cuttage process as the xanthophyll fruit.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defect that the survival rate is low because rooting powder is not used for yellow brilliant fruit cuttage in the prior art, the invention provides a cuttage method for fruit trees. The method is suitable for cuttage of the Huangjing fruits, and can also ensure the survival rate of the Huangjing fruits under the condition of not using rooting powder. Meanwhile, the method is also suitable for other fruit trees of the Sapotaceae family.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fruit tree cuttage method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a fruit tree branch for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the fruit tree branch;
(2) after terminal buds are removed, small girdling is carried out on the fruit tree branches from the top end to the position 5-15 cm downwards;
(3) cutting off fruit tree branches after small girdling is carried out;
(4) and cutting the cut fruit tree branches into soil.
The inventor discovers through a large amount of experimental researches that small girdling is carried out on the fruit tree branches after terminal buds of the fruit tree branches are removed for a period of time; the fruit tree branches obtained by matching the two steps can greatly improve the cuttage survival rate of the fruit tree branches on the premise of not using rooting powder. The key points of the cuttage of the invention are as follows: (1) removing terminal buds of fruit tree branches, and (2) performing small girdling on the fruit tree branches after the terminal buds are removed for a period of time; the two steps are inseparable, and the lack of any one step can not obtain good cuttage survival rate. Especially, the inventor creatively discovers that: the survival rate of small girdling of 1/3-1/2 circles on the fruit tree branches is higher than that of full girdling of the branches. Through the cooperation of the two steps, the cuttage survival rate of the Huangjing fruits is higher than 60% under the condition of not using rooting powder.
Preferably, the fruit tree branch in step (1) is a semi-lignified fruit tree branch.
Preferably, in the step (2), small girdling is carried out on the fruit tree branches 5-15 cm below the top end 2-5 days after the terminal buds are removed;
most preferably, in the step (2), small girdling is carried out on the fruit tree branches 5-15 cm downwards from the top end 3-4 days after the terminal buds are removed.
Preferably, the small girdling in the step (2) refers to girdling the fruit tree branches for 1/3-1/2 circles.
Most preferably, the small girdling in the step (2) refers to cutting the fruit tree branches into 1/3-1/2 circles in an S-shaped girdling manner.
Preferably, after the terminal buds are removed in the step (2), 1-2 leaves are reserved on the fruit tree branches at positions 5-15 cm below the top end; removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; and after the petiole naturally falls off and buds grow, carrying out small girdling.
Further research by the inventor in the cuttage process shows that: in the step (2), 1-2 leaves are reserved on the fruit tree branches 5-15 cm below the top end; removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; after the petioles naturally fall off and bud buds grow, carrying out small girdling; the cutting survival rate of the Huangjing fruits can be further improved by adopting the step, so that the survival rate is more than 85 percent.
Further preferably, 1-2 leaves are reserved on 5-15 cm downward leaves from the top end of the fruit tree branch 2-5 days after the terminal buds are removed in the step (2); removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; and (5) carrying out small girdling after the petioles naturally fall off and bud buds grow for 1-3 days.
Most preferably, 1-2 leaves are reserved on 8-12 cm downward leaves from the top end of the fruit tree branch 3-4 days after the terminal buds are removed in the step (2); removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; and (5) carrying out small girdling after the petioles naturally fall off and bud buds grow for 1-2 days.
Preferably, 1-4 days after the small girdling in the step (3), cutting off the fruit tree branches at the girdling positions.
Most preferably, the fruit tree branches are cut at the girdling positions 2-3 days after the small girdling in the step (3).
Preferably, the fruit tree is a fruit tree of the family Sapotaceae.
Most preferably, the fruit tree is a xanthophyll fruit or miracle fruit of the family Sapotaceae.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a completely novel cuttage method for Huangjing fruits; by adopting the method, no rooting powder such as indoleacetic acid and the like is used in the cutting process, so that the potential threat caused by adopting the rooting powder such as indoleacetic acid and the like in the prior art is avoided; the invention can ensure that the luteolin fruit has better cuttage survival rate while not using the rooting powder such as indoleacetic acid and the like. Meanwhile, the inventor further researches and discovers that the method is also suitable for other fruit trees of Sapotaceae, such as miracle fruit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples in any way.
Example 1 cutting method of Huangjing fruit
(1) Selecting semi-lignified lucern branches for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the lucern branches;
(2) carrying out 1/2-circle small girdling on the yellow crystal fruit branches from the top end to the position 10-12 cm downwards from the top end for 3-4 days after the terminal buds are removed;
(3) cutting off the yellow-crystal fruit branches at the ring cutting position 2-3 days after the small ring cutting; meanwhile, 1-2 leaves on the branches of the Huangjing fruits are reserved, and the rest are cut off;
(4) and (3) cutting the cut xanthophyll fruit branches into sandy soil for 2-3 cm, controlling the cutting temperature to be 23-28 ℃, watering the soil every day, and performing cutting culture.
Example 2 cutting method of Huangjing fruit
(1) Selecting semi-lignified lucern branches for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the lucern branches;
(2) 1-2 leaves are reserved at the position of 10-12 cm downwards from the top end on the yellow crystal fruit branch after the terminal buds are removed for 3-4 days; removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; after the petioles naturally fall off and bud buds grow out for 1-2 d, 1/2 circles of small girdling are carried out according to the S shape;
(3) cutting off fruit tree branches at the girdling position 2-3 days after the small girdling;
(4) and (3) cutting the cut xanthophyll fruit branches into sandy soil for 2-3 cm, controlling the cutting temperature to be 23-28 ℃, watering the soil every day, and performing cutting culture.
Comparative example 1 cuttage method for Huangjing fruit
(1) Selecting semi-lignified Huangjing fruit branches for cuttage, and cutting the Huangjing fruit branches from the top downwards;
(2) further cutting off terminal buds and leaves of the cut yellow crystal fruit branches, and only keeping 1-2 leaves;
(3) and (3) cutting the cut fruit tree branches into sandy soil for 2-3 cm, controlling the cutting temperature to be 23-28 ℃, watering the soil every day, and performing cutting culture.
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the comparative example 1 directly cuts off the branches of the Huangjing fruits, then cuts off the terminal buds and the leaves, and then performs cuttage. And in the embodiment 1, terminal buds are removed, small ring cutting is carried out on the Huangjing fruit branches after a period of time, and the Huangjing fruit branches are cut off for cuttage 2-3 days after the small ring cutting. Therefore, compared with the traditional method, the cutting method provided by the invention is quite different and is a brand-new Huangjing fruit cutting method.
Comparative example 2 cuttage method for Huangjing fruit
(1) Selecting semi-lignified lucern branches for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the lucern branches;
(2) performing a circle of girdling on the yellow crystal fruit branches from the top to the position 10-12 cm downwards after the terminal buds are removed for 3-4 days;
(3) cutting off the yellow crystal fruit branches at the ring cutting position 2-3 days after ring cutting; meanwhile, 1-2 leaves on the branches of the Huangjing fruits are reserved, and the rest are cut off;
(4) and (3) cutting the cut xanthophyll fruit branches into sandy soil for 2-3 cm, controlling the cutting temperature to be 23-28 ℃, watering the soil every day, and performing cutting culture.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that in step (2) of comparative example 2, a single ring cut was made on the yellow fruit branches, whereas example 1 only made 1/2 small ring cuts.
Comparative example 3 cuttage method for Huangjing fruits
(1) Selecting semi-lignified Huangjing fruit branches for cuttage, and performing 1/2-circle small girdling on the Huangjing fruit branches from the top end to the bottom 10-12 cm according to an S shape;
(2) cutting off the yellow-crystal fruit branches at the ring cutting position 2-3 days after the small ring cutting; meanwhile, 1-2 leaves on the branches of the Huangjing fruits are reserved, and the rest are cut off;
(3) and (3) cutting the cut xanthophyll fruit branches into sandy soil for 2-3 cm, controlling the cutting temperature to be 23-28 ℃, watering the soil every day, and performing cutting culture.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 3 does not carry out the apical bud removal step, but instead the yellow fruit shoots are subjected to a small girdling cut directly.
Comparative example 4 cuttage method for Huangjing fruits
(1) Selecting semi-lignified lucern branches for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the lucern branches;
(2) cutting off the Huangjing fruit branches from the positions, which are 10-12 cm downwards from the top ends, of the Huangjing fruit branches 3-4 days after the terminal buds are removed; meanwhile, 1-2 leaves on the branches of the Huangjing fruits are reserved, and the rest are cut off;
(3) and (3) cutting the cut xanthophyll fruit branches into sandy soil for 2-3 cm, controlling the cutting temperature to be 23-28 ℃, watering the soil every day, and performing cutting culture.
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 4 does not undergo a small ring-cutting step.
Comparative example 5 cuttage method for Huangjing fruits
(1) Selecting semi-lignified lucern branches for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the lucern branches;
(2) 1-2 leaves are reserved at the position of 10-12 cm downwards from the top end on the yellow crystal fruit branch after the terminal buds are removed for 3-4 days; removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; cutting off fruit tree branches after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow for 1-2 d;
(3) and (3) cutting the cut xanthoxylum fructicum branches into sandy soil for 2-3 cm, controlling the cutting temperature to be 23-28 ℃, watering the soil every day, and performing cutting culture.
Comparative example 5 differs from example 1 in that step (2) as in example 2 is added, but the small ring-cutting step is not performed.
Respectively cutting 100 Huangjing fruits by referring to the cuttage methods of the Huangjing fruits in the embodiments 1 and 2 and the comparative examples 1-5, and counting the cuttage survival rate of the Huangjing fruits 2 months after cuttage; the statistical results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical results of cuttage survival rates
Scion processing method Survival rate
Example 1 cutting method of Huangjing fruit 68%
Example 2 cutting method of Huangjing fruit 87%
Comparative example 1 cuttage method for Huangjing fruit 26%
Comparative example 2 cuttage method for Huangjing fruit 49%
Comparative example 3 cuttage method for Huangjing fruits 43%
Comparative example 4 cuttage method for Huangjing fruits 38%
Comparative example 5 cuttage method for Huangjing fruits 42%
As can be seen from the statistical results in Table 1, the cuttage survival rate of the Huangjing fruits is only 26% under the condition that the rooting powder is not adopted in the comparative example 1; this shows that the survival rate of the yellow crystal fruit is very low by cutting the yellow crystal fruit directly after pruning by the conventional method. In the embodiment 1, the terminal buds of the Huangjing fruit branches are removed for a period of time according to the method of the invention, and then the Huangjing fruit branches are subjected to small ring cutting; the survival rate of the yellow crystal fruit branches obtained by matching the two steps reaches 68% on the premise of not using rooting powder; compared with the conventional method, the survival rate of the method is greatly improved and is more than 60%, the survival rate is better, and the method can be suitable for cuttage planting.
As can be further seen from the data in table 1, the survival rate of example 2 reached 87%, and the survival rate was very high, which is also greatly improved compared to example 1. This shows that the survival rate of the yellow crystal fruit can be further improved by adopting the step (2) in example 2, so that the survival rate is more than 85%. Namely: keeping 1-2 leaves 5-15 cm below the top end of a fruit tree branch; removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; after the petioles naturally fall off and bud buds grow, the small ring cutting step can further improve the cutting survival rate of the eclipta alba.
As can be further seen from the data in table 1, the survival rate of comparative example 2 is only 49%, less than 50%, much less than 68% of example 1; the method has the advantages that high cuttage survival rate can be obtained only by adopting 1/3-1/2 circles of small girdling after the terminal buds of the Huangjing fruit branches are removed; and the ideal cutting survival rate cannot be obtained by adopting all the girdling.
As can be further seen from the data in Table 1, the survival rate of the comparative examples 3-5 is not ideal and is far less than 68% of that of the example 1; this means that in the present invention, (1) terminal buds of fruit tree branches are removed, and (2) a small girdling is performed on the fruit tree branches some time after the terminal buds are removed; the two steps are indispensable and inseparable, and the lack of any one step can not obtain good cuttage survival rate.
Example 3 cutting method of miracle fruit
(1) Selecting a semi-lignified miracle fruit branch for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the miracle fruit branch;
(2) carrying out 1/2 circles of small girdling on the miracle fruit branches from the top end to the position 10-12 cm downwards after the terminal buds are removed for 3-4 days;
(3) cutting off miracle fruit branches at the girdling position 2-3 days after the small girdling; meanwhile, 1-2 leaves on the miracle fruit branches are reserved, and the rest are cut off;
(4) and (3) cutting the cut miracle fruit branches into sandy soil for 2-3 cm, controlling the cutting temperature to be 23-28 ℃, watering the soil every day, and performing cutting culture.

Claims (10)

1. A fruit tree cuttage method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a fruit tree branch for cuttage, and removing terminal buds of the fruit tree branch;
(2) after terminal buds are removed, small girdling is carried out on the fruit tree branches from the top end to the position 5-15 cm downwards;
(3) cutting off fruit tree branches after small girdling is carried out;
(4) and cutting the cut fruit tree branches into soil.
2. The fruit tree cutting method according to claim 1, wherein the fruit tree branch in step (1) is a semi-lignified fruit tree branch.
3. The fruit tree cutting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), small girdling is carried out on the fruit tree branches 5-15 cm below the top end 2-5 days after the top buds are removed;
most preferably, in the step (2), small girdling is carried out on the fruit tree branches 5-15 cm downwards from the top end 3-4 days after the terminal buds are removed.
4. The fruit tree cutting method according to claim 1, wherein the small girdling in the step (2) is formed by girdling the fruit tree branch for 1/3-1/2 circles;
most preferably, the small girdling in the step (2) refers to cutting the fruit tree branches into 1/3-1/2 circles in an S-shaped girdling manner.
5. The fruit tree cutting method according to claim 1, wherein 1-2 leaves are reserved on the fruit tree branches 5-15 cm below the top end after the top buds are removed in the step (2); removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; and after the petiole naturally falls off and buds grow, carrying out small girdling.
6. The fruit tree cutting method according to claim 5, wherein 1-2 leaves are reserved on the fruit tree branches 5-15 cm below the top end 2-5 days after the top buds are removed in the step (2); removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; after the petioles naturally fall off and bud buds grow out, performing small girdling for 1-3 days;
most preferably, 1-2 leaves are reserved on 8-12 cm downward leaves from the top end of the fruit tree branch 3-4 days after the terminal buds are removed in the step (2); removing the rest leaves, and retaining petioles or partial petioles; and (5) carrying out small girdling after the petioles naturally fall off and bud buds grow for 1-2 days.
7. The fruit tree cutting method according to claim 1, wherein fruit tree branches are cut at the girdling position 1-4 days after the small girdling in the step (3).
8. The fruit tree cutting method according to claim 7, wherein fruit tree branches are cut at the girdling position 2-3 days after the small girdling in the step (3).
9. The fruit tree cutting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruit tree is a fruit tree of Sapotaceae.
10. The fruit tree cutting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruit tree is a xanthophyll fruit or miracle fruit of Sapotaceae.
CN202011232353.6A 2020-11-06 2020-11-06 Fruit tree cuttage method Withdrawn CN112400499A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114747417A (en) * 2022-04-24 2022-07-15 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 High-efficiency cutting seedling method for Huangjing fruits
CN115152442A (en) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-11 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 Cuttage method for golden beans

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114747417A (en) * 2022-04-24 2022-07-15 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 High-efficiency cutting seedling method for Huangjing fruits
CN114747417B (en) * 2022-04-24 2023-09-22 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 Efficient cutting seedling method for Huangjingguo
CN115152442A (en) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-11 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 Cuttage method for golden beans

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Application publication date: 20210226