CN112021098A - Cultivation method for promoting growth and fruiting of passion fruits through pruning - Google Patents
Cultivation method for promoting growth and fruiting of passion fruits through pruning Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for promoting growth and fruiting of passion fruit through pruning, and specifically, middle and long branches are pruned in the growth and fruiting period of the passion fruit: 4-6 first-level vines are reserved on the middle long branches of each passion fruit, and a cut of 80-100 cm is reserved on each first-level vine; and 4-6 secondary vines are reserved on each primary vine, 4-6 bud cutoffs are reserved on each secondary vine, and the rest branches are deleted from the base. Under the same cultivation management and conditions, the passion fruit in the fruiting period of 7 and 8 months is most suitable to be trimmed by adopting the pruning method for the medium and long branches, the number of the reserved branches and buds is reasonable, the plant flowering quantity can reach 198.5, the fruit setting rate can reach 31.4 percent, the average single fruit weight is 93.4g, the weight is 0.65-8.94g compared with other pruning methods, the edible rate can reach 50.72 percent, the height is 3.02-4.42 percent compared with other pruning methods, and the soluble solid can reach 16.8 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural production and planting, in particular to a cultivation method for promoting growth and fruiting of passion fruits by pruning in a passion fruit growth fruiting period.
Background
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims), entitled passion fruit, also called eggfruit and love fruit, and perennial evergreen vine plants of the tropical and subtropical genera of Passiflora in the family of Passifloraceae.
The passion fruit contains higher nutrient components such as flavone and polysaccharide, has the effects of reducing blood fat, preventing arteriosclerosis, maintaining beauty and keeping young and the like, and is a fruit tree variety vigorously developed in recent years in our province. However, as the passion fruit grows to 7-8 months, branches are numerous, the tree vigor is flourishing, the nutrient consumption is large, and the formation of flowers in batch 2 is often influenced. Therefore, if a proper trimming mode is selected in the fruiting period of the passion fruit to improve the indexes of the passion fruit such as flowering condition, fruit setting rate and fruit quality, thereby promoting the growth and fruiting of the passion fruit, the technical problem to be solved by the technicians in the field is solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a cultivation method which can effectively improve the flower formation amount, the fruit setting rate, the single fruit weight, the edible rate and the like by adopting a medium and long branch pruning mode in the passion fruit growth fruiting period of 7-8 months, thereby promoting the passion fruit growth and fruiting.
The specific scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a cultivation method for promoting growth and fruiting of passion fruit through pruning, wherein medium and long branches are pruned in the growth and fruiting period of the passion fruit: 4-6 first-level vines are reserved on the middle long branches of each passion fruit, and a cut of 80-100 cm is reserved on each first-level vine; and 4-6 secondary vines are reserved on each primary vine, 4-6 bud cutoffs are reserved on each secondary vine, and the rest branches are deleted from the base.
The preferred mode of the invention is that the medium and long branches are pruned in the fruiting period of the passion fruit growth: selecting middle long branches of each passion fruit, reserving 4 first-level vines, and reserving a short section of 80-100 cm for each first-level vine; and 4 secondary vines are reserved on each primary vine, 4-6 bud truncations are reserved on each secondary vine, and the rest branches are deleted from the base.
Furthermore, the first-grade tendrils reserved on each passion fruit plant have consistent growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests, and the first-grade tendrils grow and are uniformly distributed in different directions.
Furthermore, the secondary vines reserved in each passion fruit plant are consistent in growth vigor and free of diseases and insect pests, and the secondary vines grow and are distributed uniformly in different directions.
Furthermore, the growth fruiting period of the passion fruit is 7-8 months.
Further, the middle and long branches are trimmed in a sunny day.
Wherein:
the first-stage tendrils of the passion fruit are main nutrition branches, and the second-stage tendrils are main fruiting branches, so that the cultivation of the strong first-stage tendrils is the key for ensuring the plant to grow robustly, and the cultivation of the strong second-stage tendrils is an important ring for improving the yield. Therefore, the best pruning mode of the long branch pruning mode in the invention is to leave 4 primary vines on each passion fruit and 4 secondary vines on each primary vine, because the 4 primary vines and the 4 secondary vines can extend and grow in different directions. If the branches and tendrils are too many, the plants grow thin and weak, the nutrition growth is insufficient, and the fruit quality is influenced; if the number of the remained branches and tendrils is too small, the number of the grown fruits is insufficient, and the yield of a single plant is influenced.
In addition, each first-level vine is cut by 80-100 cm, and the node is more favorable for promoting the triggering and growth of a second-level vine mainly from the aspect of facilitating the nutrient accumulation of the branches; 4-6 buds are left on each secondary vine and then are cut off, and the knot position is cut off mainly from the aspect of facilitating the nutrition accumulation of the branch, so that the buds are well developed.
The selection of the medium and long branches is relative to the selection of the short branches and the long branches, and the medium and long branches can be selected according to the growth vigor of a specific plant in the specific operation process.
Has the advantages that:
under the same cultivation management and conditions, the passion fruit in the fruiting period of 7 and 8 months is most suitable to be trimmed by adopting the pruning method for the medium and long branches, the number of the reserved branches and buds is reasonable, the plant flowering quantity can reach 198.5, the fruit setting rate can reach 31.4 percent, the average single fruit weight is 93.4g, the weight is 0.65-8.94g compared with other pruning methods, the edible rate can reach 50.72 percent, the height is 3.02-4.42 percent compared with other pruning methods, and the soluble solid can reach 16.8 percent.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1:
variety selection: fujian passion fruit No. 1 is planted in the same year, has good growth vigor and does not have plant diseases and insect pests.
Selecting a planting base: the Lexian corporation base of Anren Xiang Zhefang cun kang da-Sen Green Co., Ltd, Lexian, is a multi-span greenhouse with plant spacing of 2.5m 3m, a greenhouse type of 6m, a greenhouse span of 50m, a greenhouse length of 2.5m, a shoulder height of 2.5m, a greenhouse top height of 4.2m, and 3-4 arches to form a multi-span. The base is provided with a micro-sprinkling irrigation facility.
Trimming time: 31/7/2018 on sunny days.
The pruning method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting a middle long branch pruning group, specifically, reserving four primary vines for each selected middle long branch, reserving 80-100 cm short sections for each primary vine, reserving four secondary vines for each primary vine, reserving 4-6 bud short sections for each secondary vine, and deleting the rest branches from the base.
The reserved first-stage vines and second-stage vines are uniform in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests and uniformly distributed in different directions, so that the plants can grow uniformly in all directions, and growth and management of passion fruits are achieved.
Comparative example 1:
the variety, the planting base and the pruning time of the comparative example 1 are the same as those of the example 1, and the difference is that the comparative example 1 selects long branches for pruning, specifically, each plant selects the long branches to leave four primary vines, each primary vine is kept with 80-100 cm short sections, each primary vine is kept with four secondary vines which are consistent in growth vigor, uniform in distribution and free of diseases and insect pests, each primary vine is kept with 8-10 bud short sections, and the rest branches are deleted from the base.
Comparative example 2:
the variety, the planting base and the pruning time of the comparative example 2 are the same as those of the example 1, and the difference is that the comparative example 2 selects short branches for pruning, specifically, each plant selects the short branches to leave four primary vines, each primary vine is kept with 80-100 cm short sections, each primary vine is kept with four secondary vines which are consistent in growth vigor, uniform in distribution and free of diseases and insect pests, each secondary vine is kept with 2-3 bud short sections, and the rest branches are deleted from the base.
Comparative example 3:
the variety, planting base, and pruning time of this comparative example 3 were the same as example 1, except that the shoots of this comparative example 3 were not pruned.
Planting area: in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, 4 repeating groups of I, II, III and V are respectively set for each treatment, 1 cell is randomly selected from each repeating group, and 1 greenhouse is one cell.
Test items and methods:
after pruning, the flowering time, fruit setting rate and fruit quality of the branches of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 are respectively investigated and counted, 10 samples are randomly extracted from 4 repeat groups of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 respectively to measure the fruit size, edible rate and soluble solid, and the average value is taken.
Fruit size was measured using an electronic scale.
Soluble solids were measured using an electronic glucose meter.
The method for calculating the edibility comprises the following steps: (total fruit weight-shell weight) ÷ total fruit weight × 100%
Test results and analysis:
1. influence of different pruning modes on flowering time of passion fruit
The earliest flowering time, flowering stage and flowering time control results for the 1 st flower of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 were recorded and tracked and shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 flowering time control Table for the 1 st flowers of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3
As can be seen from table 1:
the flowering times for comparative examples 1-3 are close, where: comparative example 1 the earliest flowering time of the 1 st long-branch trimmed flower was 8 months and 17 days, and continued to flower, and the whole flowering phase was almost 22 days; comparative example 2 the earliest flowering time of the 1 st short pruned flower was 8 months and 17 days, with a flowering time of about 17 days; comparative example 3 few of the non-trimmed shoots formed flowers at their tails, and the earliest flowering time of flower 1 was also 8 months and 17 days, with a flowering time of about 18 days.
The earliest flowering time of the 1 st flower of the long-branch pruning in example 1 is 7 days later than that of other pruning modes, namely 24 days at 8 months and about 15 days at the flowering stage.
Although the flowering time of the 1 st flower of the present invention was the latest and the flowering phase was the shortest, it can be seen from the following table 2 that the number of flowers of the present invention was only slightly lower than the long pruning pattern of comparative example 1, but much higher than the short pruning pattern of comparative example 2 and the non-pruning pattern of comparative example 3. Therefore, the pruning mode of the medium and long branches is still very beneficial to the flowering condition of the passion fruit.
2. Influence of different pruning modes on passion fruit setting rate
The fruit set percentage of the passion fruit of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 was investigated at 8 days 9 months, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 fruit set percentage comparison tables for example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from table 2:
in example 1, the average flower formation amount of the long branch pruning is 198.5, the average fruit setting number is 62, and the average fruit setting rate is 31.4%; comparative example 1 average flower formation amount of long pruning is 245.25, average fruit set number is 36, average fruit set rate is 14.7%; comparative example 2 average flower formation of pruning of braches was 106.5, average fruit set number was 34, and average fruit set rate was 31.9%; comparative example 3 average flower yield without pruning was 87.75, average fruit set number was 25, and average fruit set rate was 28.3%.
Average flower formation amount: comparative example 1 long pruning > long pruning in example 1 > comparative example 2 short pruning > comparative example 3 no pruning.
Average fruit set number: long pruning in example 1 > long pruning in comparative example 1 > short pruning in comparative example 2 > no pruning in comparative example 3 the average number of fruit set of the present invention is as high as 62, the average number of fruit set of comparative example 3 is only 25, the present invention is 148% higher.
Average fruit set percentage: comparative example 2 short branch pruning > long branch pruning in example 1 > comparative example 3 no pruning > comparative example 1 long branch pruning.
Although the average flowering amount of the long-branch pruning mode is slightly lower than that of the long-branch pruning mode and the average fruit setting rate is slightly lower than that of the short-branch pruning mode, the average fruit setting number obtained by the long-branch pruning mode is the highest and is far higher than that of the other three pruning modes. Therefore, under the same condition, the invention can obtain larger yield, and simultaneously shows that the mode of pruning the medium and long branches of the passion fruit in the growth fruiting period is favorable for the result of the passion fruit.
3. Influence of different pruning modes on passion fruit fruiting quality
On day 9/11, 10 fruits were randomly extracted from example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the individual fruit weight, edible rate and soluble solids were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 COMPARATIVE TABLE FOR MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF EXAMPLE 1 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-3
| Treatment of | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Weight of single fruit (g) | 93.4 | 88.99 | 92.75 | 84.46 |
| Rate of eating (%) | 50.72 | 47.7 | 46.86 | 46.3 |
| Soluble solids (%) | 16.8 | 16.38 | 16.65 | 17.5 |
As can be seen from table 3:
average single fruit weight: long branch pruning in example 1 > short branch pruning in comparative example 2 > long branch pruning in comparative example 1 > long branch pruning in comparative example 3, the fruit size in long branch pruning in example 1 is largest, the fruit size in comparative example 3 is smallest, and the difference between the two is 8.94 g;
the edible rate is as follows: long branch pruning in example 1 > long branch pruning in comparative example 1 > short branch pruning in comparative example 2 > no pruning in comparative example 3, the edibility rate of long branch pruning in example 1 is the largest, and the edibility rate of non-pruning in comparative example 3 is the smallest, and the difference between the two edibility rates is 4.42%;
soluble solid matter: comparative example 3 is not pruned > long pruning in example 1 > short pruning in comparative example 2 > long pruning in comparative example 1, the soluble solids of the untrimmed part of comparative example 3 are the highest, and the soluble solids of the long pruning part of comparative example 1 are the lowest, with a difference of 1.12%. The determination of the content of soluble solids is also an important index for detecting the quality of the fruit, and influences the actual taste of the passion fruit. As can be seen from table 3, the pruning manner of the present invention is superior to other pruning manners, and the passion fruit with better taste is obtained.
Therefore, under the same cultivation management and conditions, the passion fruit in the fruiting period of 7 and 8 months is most suitable to be trimmed by the middle and long branch trimming mode, the number of the reserved branches and buds is reasonable, the flower forming amount of the passion fruit can reach 198.5, the fruit setting rate can reach 31.4%, the average single fruit weight is 93.4g, the weight is 0.65-8.94g compared with other trimming modes, the edible rate can reach 50.72%, the weight is 3.02-4.42% compared with other trimming modes, and the soluble solid can reach 16.8%.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for promoting growth and fruiting of passion fruit through pruning is characterized in that medium and long branch pruning is carried out in the fruiting period of the passion fruit: 4-6 first-level vines are reserved on the middle long branches of each passion fruit, and a cut of 80-100 cm is reserved on each first-level vine; and 4-6 secondary vines are reserved on each primary vine, 4-6 bud cutoffs are reserved on each secondary vine, and the rest branches are deleted from the base.
2. The cultivation method for promoting the growth and fruiting of passion fruit through pruning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pruning of long and medium branches is carried out during the fruiting period of passion fruit growth: selecting middle long branches of each passion fruit, reserving 4 first-level vines, and reserving a short section of 80-100 cm for each first-level vine; and 4 secondary vines are reserved on each primary vine, 4-6 bud truncations are reserved on each secondary vine, and the rest branches are deleted from the base.
3. The cultivation method for promoting the growth of the passion fruit through pruning as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary vines of each passion fruit are uniform in growth vigor and free of plant diseases and insect pests, and the growth distribution of the primary vines in different directions is uniform.
4. The cultivation method for promoting the growth of the passion fruit through pruning as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the secondary vines of each passion fruit are uniform in growth vigor and free of plant diseases and insect pests, and the growth distribution of the secondary vines in different directions is uniform.
5. The cultivation method for promoting the growth fruiting of passion fruit through pruning as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the passion fruit growth fruiting period is 7-8 months.
6. The cultivation method for promoting the growth and fruiting of passion fruit through pruning according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pruning of the medium long branches is performed on sunny days.
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| CN113728883A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Trellis type cultivation method for passion fruit net surface |
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