CN109006110B - Macadamia nut dwarfing method - Google Patents
Macadamia nut dwarfing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006110B CN109006110B CN201810746887.7A CN201810746887A CN109006110B CN 109006110 B CN109006110 B CN 109006110B CN 201810746887 A CN201810746887 A CN 201810746887A CN 109006110 B CN109006110 B CN 109006110B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 28
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 title claims description 28
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000001206 Amorphophallus rivieri Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920002581 Glucomannan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940046240 glucomannan Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000252 konjac Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000247812 Amorphophallus rivieri Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930003761 Vitamin B9 Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000019159 vitamin B9 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005974 Chlormequat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-HWQSCIPKSA-N L-arabinopyranose Chemical compound O[C@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-HWQSCIPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218231 Moraceae Species 0.000 description 1
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- JUZXDNPBRPUIOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlormequat Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCCl JUZXDNPBRPUIOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Abstract
According to the macadimia nut dwarfing method, the grafting scions are sprayed and moisturized by using low-temperature sterile water before being irradiated by gamma rays, so that the grafting scions can be prevented from withering, and the grafting survival rate is improved; reducing the illumination intensity of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings in the day by a proper amount, and increasing the illumination of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings at night to thicken roots and stems of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings and accelerate the transverse growth rate of a tree body; the addition of konjac glucomannan in the root treatment agent can increase the depth of the root system of the macadimia nut trees into the soil, improve sufficient nutrients for the macadimia nut trees and effectively prevent the macadimia nut trees from generating premature senility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a macadimia nut dwarfing method.
Background
Macadamia nut is also called macadamia nut (macadamia nut), is a new fruit tree in the world nowadays, is favored by consumers due to excellent nutritional characteristics and flavor quality, is expensive, and enjoys the beauty of 'dried fruit queen'. Macadamia nuts are planted in about 120 ten thousand mu in China, and are mainly distributed in subtropical regions without typhoon hazards, such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guangdong. The growth vigor of the macadimia nut trees is vigorous, and the macadimia nut trees can grow all the year round, if the macadimia nut trees are left at any place, excessive branches can be generated, clumpy branches and broom branches are generated, the structure is messy, ventilation and light transmission of fruit trees are influenced, the growth of the tree vigor is poor, the wind resistance and lodging resistance of the trees are greatly weakened, and the yield is influenced.
Dwarfing cultivation is a cultivation technique that makes plants significantly shorter than normal growth. The molding device is mainly used for production of fruit trees, mulberries, ornamental plants and the like, and aims to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption, and further, the molding device can make full use of light energy and ground force, and can bring about early results, improve yield or increase ornamental effect. Early flower promoting measures such as girdling, skin inversion and the like are mostly adopted in fruit tree production, so that the early yielding of the fruit tree is realized, the growth is delayed, and the dwarfing purpose is achieved. The use of growth regulators can inhibit or delay the growth of trees and promote early flowering and fruiting, and can also dwarf the trees, and the commonly used growth regulators comprise Ara, ethephon, chlormequat and the like.
At present, the existing Australia nut tree dwarfing cultivation technology is not mature enough, and the dwarfed Australia nut trees are easy to generate the premature senility phenomenon and have lower economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a macadimia nut dwarfing method which has a good dwarfing effect and is not easy to senilism.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a macadamia nut dwarfing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking macadimia nut seedlings with the growth time of 9-11 months and the stem thickness of 0.9-1.1 cm as stocks;
(2) selecting grafted scion strips: selecting a mother tree with pure variety, strong mother tree, high and stable yield and no plant diseases and insect pests, and shearing macadamia nut branches with the length of 8-12 cm and 2-4 axillary buds as grafting scions;
(3) pre-treating grafted scion strips: spraying and moisturizing the grafted scion with sterile water at the temperature of 8-12 ℃, and then irradiating the grafted scion with gamma rays of 0.1-0.4 Mev at an irradiation dose of 0.2-0.4 KGy to obtain a treated grafted scion;
(4) grafting: cutting the position 22-26 cm away from the ground of the stock by using a branch shear to form a stock cut, and grafting the treated grafting scion to the stock cut to obtain a macadamia nut grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) carrying out macadimia nut grafting management:
1) illumination management: building a sunshade net with 75% -80% of light transmittance at a height of 1.5-1.8 m above the macadimia nut grafted seedlings, and irradiating the macadimia nut grafted seedlings with an incandescent lamp for 3.0-3.5 h every night;
2) fertilizing: and applying a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer 15-20 days after grafting, wherein the fertilizing frequency of the base fertilizer is once every 15 days, and the fertilizing frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once every 7-10 days.
3) Root treatment: applying 3 to 5 kg of root treatment agent to the roots of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings every 10 to 15 days, wherein the root treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: paclobutrazol 0.5-0.8%, konjac glucomannan 2-3%, and the balance of water.
Preferably, in the step (3), the grafted scion is sprayed with sterile water at 10 ℃ for moisture preservation, and then the grafted scion is irradiated by 0.3Mev gamma rays with an irradiation dose of 0.3KGy, so as to obtain the treated grafted scion.
Preferably, the power of the incandescent lamp used in said step (5) is 50 watts.
Preferably, the amount of the base fertilizer used in the step (5) is 30-50 g per plant.
Preferably, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the base fertilizer in the step (5) is 5.0-5.5: 3-5: 3.
preferably, in the foliar fertilizer in the step (5), the content of the organic fertilizer is 60-70%, the content of the chlorine element is 1-5%, and the content of the vitamin B9 is 3-5 per mill.
According to the macadimia nut dwarfing method, the grafting scions are sprayed and moisturized by using low-temperature sterile water before being irradiated by gamma rays, so that the grafting scions can be prevented from withering, and the grafting survival rate is improved; the gamma ray is adopted to irradiate the grafted scion, so that the genetic gene can be mutated, and the effect of dwarfing the macadimia nuts is achieved.
According to the method for dwarfing the macadimia nuts, the illumination intensity of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings in the day is weakened in a proper amount, the illumination of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings is increased at night, and the respiratory enzymes in growing points of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings are inhibited, so that cambium cell division is slowed down, rootstocks are thickened, the transverse growth rate of a tree body is accelerated, and the high yield of the macadimia nut trees is promoted.
According to the method for dwarfing macadimia nuts, provided by the invention, the root treatment agent is added with paclobutrazol to enable the root systems of the macadimia nuts to be sturdy and developed, and the konjac glucomannan is added to enable the root system penetration depth of the macadimia nut trees to be increased by 0.30-0.35 m, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the macadimia nut trees, and the phenomenon of premature senility of the macadimia nut trees can be effectively prevented.
Detailed Description
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A macadamia nut dwarfing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking a macadimia nut seedling with the growth time of 9 months and the stem thickness of 0.9cm as a stock;
(2) selecting grafted scion strips: selecting a mother tree with pure variety, strong mother tree, high and stable yield and no plant diseases and insect pests, and shearing 2 axillary buds of macadamia nut branches with the length of 8cm as grafting scions;
(3) pre-treating grafted scion strips: spraying and moisturizing the grafting scion with sterile water at the temperature of 8 ℃, and then irradiating the grafting scion with gamma rays of 0.1Mev at an irradiation dose of 0.2KGy to obtain a treated grafting scion;
(4) grafting: cutting the position 22cm away from the ground of the stock by using a branch shear to form a stock cut, and grafting the treated grafting scion to the stock cut to obtain a macadamia nut grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) carrying out macadimia nut grafting management:
1) illumination management: building a sunshade net with 75% of light transmittance at a height of 1.5m above the macadimia nut grafted seedlings, and irradiating the macadimia nut grafted seedlings with a 50-watt incandescent lamp for 3.0h every night;
2) fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer 15 days after grafting, wherein the fertilizing frequency of the base fertilizer is once every 15 days, the fertilizing frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once every 7 days, the using amount of the base fertilizer is 30 g per plant each time, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 5.0: 3: 3, the content of the organic fertilizer in the foliar fertilizer is 60 percent, the content of chlorine element is 1 percent, and the content of vitamin B9 is 3 per mill.
3) Root treatment: applying 3kg of root treatment agent to the roots of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings every 10 days, wherein the root treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: paclobutrazol 0.5%, konjac glucomannan 2%, and the balance of water.
Example 2
A macadamia nut dwarfing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking a macadimia nut seedling with the growth time of 11 months and the stem thickness of 1.1cm as a stock;
(2) selecting grafted scion strips: selecting a mother tree with pure variety, strong mother tree, high and stable yield and no plant diseases and insect pests, and shearing macadamia nut branches with the length of 12cm and 4 axillary buds as grafting scions;
(3) pre-treating grafted scion strips: spraying and moisturizing the grafting scion with sterile water at the temperature of 12 ℃, and then irradiating the grafting scion with a gamma ray of 0.4Mev at an irradiation dose of 0.4KGy to obtain a treated grafting scion;
(4) grafting: cutting the position 26cm away from the ground of the stock by using a branch shear to form a stock cut, and grafting the treated grafting scion to the stock cut to obtain a macadamia nut grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) carrying out macadimia nut grafting management:
1) illumination management: building a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 80% at a height of 1.8m above the macadimia nut grafted seedlings, and irradiating the macadimia nut grafted seedlings with a 50-watt incandescent lamp for 3.5 hours every night;
2) fertilizing: and (3) applying a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer 20 days after grafting, wherein the fertilization frequency of the base fertilizer is once every 15 days, the fertilization frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once every 10 days, the use amount of the base fertilizer is 50 g per plant every time, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 5.5: 5: 3, the content of the organic fertilizer in the foliar fertilizer is 70 percent, the content of chlorine element is 5 percent, and the content of vitamin B9 is 5 per mill.
3) Root treatment: applying 5 kg of root treatment agent to the roots of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings every 10 to 15 days, wherein the root treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: paclobutrazol 0.8%, konjac glucomannan 3%, and the balance of water.
Example 3
A macadamia nut dwarfing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking a macadimia nut seedling with the growth time of 10 months and the stem thickness of 1.0cm as a stock;
(2) selecting grafted scion strips: selecting a mother tree with pure variety, strong mother tree, high and stable yield and no plant diseases and insect pests, and shearing macadamia nut branches with the length of 9cm and 3 axillary buds as grafting scions;
(3) pre-treating grafted scion strips: spraying and moisturizing the grafting scion with sterile water at the temperature of 10 ℃, and then irradiating the grafting scion with gamma rays of 0.3Mev at an irradiation dose of 0.3KGy to obtain a treated grafting scion;
(4) grafting: shearing the stock at a position 24cm away from the ground by using a branch shear to form a stock cut, and grafting the treated grafting scion to the stock cut to obtain a macadamia nut grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) carrying out macadimia nut grafting management:
1) illumination management: building a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 78% at a height of 1.7m above the macadimia nut grafted seedlings, and irradiating the macadimia nut grafted seedlings with a 50-watt incandescent lamp for 3.2h every night;
2) fertilizing: and (2) applying a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer 17 days after grafting, wherein the fertilizing frequency of the base fertilizer is once every 15 days, the fertilizing frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once every 8 days, the using amount of the base fertilizer is 40 g per plant every time, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 5.2: 4: 3, the content of the organic fertilizer in the foliar fertilizer is 65%, the content of chlorine element is 3%, and the content of vitamin B9 is 4 per mill.
3) Root treatment: applying 4kg of root treatment agent to the roots of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings every 10 to 15 days, wherein the root treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: paclobutrazol 0.65%, konjac glucomannan 2.5% and the balance of water.
Comparative example 1
A macadamia nut dwarfing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking a macadimia nut seedling with the growth time of 10 months and the stem thickness of 1.0cm as a stock;
(2) selecting grafted scion strips: selecting a mother tree with pure variety, strong mother tree, high and stable yield and no plant diseases and insect pests, and shearing macadamia nut branches with the length of 9cm and 3 axillary buds as grafting scions;
(3) pre-treating grafted scion strips: irradiating the grafting scion with a gamma ray of 0.3Mev at an irradiation dose of 0.3KGy to obtain a treated grafting scion;
(4) grafting: shearing the stock at a position 24cm away from the ground by using a branch shear to form a stock cut, and grafting the treated grafting scion to the stock cut to obtain a macadamia nut grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) carrying out macadimia nut grafting management:
1) illumination management: building a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 78% at a height of 1.7m above the macadimia nut grafted seedlings, and irradiating the macadimia nut grafted seedlings with a 50-watt incandescent lamp for 3.2h every night;
2) fertilizing: and (2) applying a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer 17 days after grafting, wherein the fertilizing frequency of the base fertilizer is once every 15 days, the fertilizing frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once every 8 days, the using amount of the base fertilizer is 40 g per plant every time, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 5.2: 4: 3, the content of the organic fertilizer in the foliar fertilizer is 65%, the content of chlorine element is 3%, and the content of vitamin B9 is 4 per mill.
3) Root treatment: applying 4kg of root treatment agent to the roots of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings every 10 to 15 days, wherein the root treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: paclobutrazol 0.65%, konjac glucomannan 2.5% and the balance of water.
Comparative example 2
A macadamia nut dwarfing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking a macadimia nut seedling with the growth time of 10 months and the stem thickness of 1.0cm as a stock;
(2) selecting grafted scion strips: selecting a mother tree with pure variety, strong mother tree, high and stable yield and no plant diseases and insect pests, and shearing macadamia nut branches with the length of 9cm and 3 axillary buds as grafting scions;
(3) pre-treating grafted scion strips: spraying and moisturizing the grafting scion with sterile water at the temperature of 10 ℃, and then irradiating the grafting scion with gamma rays of 0.3Mev at an irradiation dose of 0.3KGy to obtain a treated grafting scion;
(4) grafting: shearing the stock at a position 24cm away from the ground by using a branch shear to form a stock cut, and grafting the treated grafting scion to the stock cut to obtain a macadamia nut grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) carrying out macadimia nut grafting management:
1) fertilizing: and (2) applying a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer 17 days after grafting, wherein the fertilizing frequency of the base fertilizer is once every 15 days, the fertilizing frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once every 8 days, the using amount of the base fertilizer is 40 g per plant every time, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 5.2: 4: 3, the content of the organic fertilizer in the foliar fertilizer is 65%, the content of chlorine element is 3%, and the content of vitamin B9 is 4 per mill.
2) Root treatment: applying 4kg of root treatment agent to the roots of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings every 10 to 15 days, wherein the root treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: paclobutrazol 0.65%, konjac glucomannan 2.5% and the balance of water.
Comparative example 3
A macadamia nut dwarfing method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking a macadimia nut seedling with the growth time of 10 months and the stem thickness of 1.0cm as a stock;
(2) selecting grafted scion strips: selecting a mother tree with pure variety, strong mother tree, high and stable yield and no plant diseases and insect pests, and shearing macadamia nut branches with the length of 9cm and 3 axillary buds as grafting scions;
(3) pre-treating grafted scion strips: spraying and moisturizing the grafting scion with sterile water at the temperature of 10 ℃, and then irradiating the grafting scion with gamma rays of 0.3Mev at an irradiation dose of 0.3KGy to obtain a treated grafting scion;
(4) grafting: shearing the stock at a position 24cm away from the ground by using a branch shear to form a stock cut, and grafting the treated grafting scion to the stock cut to obtain a macadamia nut grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) carrying out macadimia nut grafting management:
1) illumination management: building a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 78% at a height of 1.7m above the macadimia nut grafted seedlings, and irradiating the macadimia nut grafted seedlings with a 50-watt incandescent lamp for 3.2h every night;
2) fertilizing: and (2) applying a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer 17 days after grafting, wherein the fertilizing frequency of the base fertilizer is once every 15 days, the fertilizing frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once every 8 days, the using amount of the base fertilizer is 40 g per plant every time, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 5.2: 4: 3, the content of the organic fertilizer in the foliar fertilizer is 65%, the content of chlorine element is 3%, and the content of vitamin B9 is 4 per mill.
3) Root treatment: applying 4kg of root treatment agent to the roots of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings every 10 to 15 days, wherein the root treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: paclobutrazol 0.65%, and the balance of water.
Table 1 below gives the observation results of the dwarfing status of adult macadimia nuts of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3.
TABLE 1
According to the observation result of the dwarfing condition of the adult macadimia nut trees, the grafting scion is sprayed and moisturized by using low-temperature sterile water before the grafting scion is irradiated by gamma rays, so that the wilting of the grafting scion can be prevented, and the grafting survival rate is improved; reducing the illumination intensity of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings in the day by a proper amount, and increasing the illumination of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings at night to thicken roots and stems of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings and accelerate the transverse growth rate of a tree body; the konjac glucomannan is added into the root treating agent, so that the depth of the root system of the macadimia nut trees to the ground can be increased by 0.30-0.35 m, sufficient nutrients are improved for the macadimia nut trees, and the premature senility of the macadimia nut trees can be effectively prevented.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A macadimia nut dwarfing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking macadimia nut seedlings with the growth time of 9-11 months and the stem thickness of 0.9-1.1 cm as stocks;
(2) selecting grafted scion strips: selecting a mother tree with pure variety, strong mother tree, high and stable yield and no plant diseases and insect pests, and shearing macadamia nut branches with the length of 8-12 cm and 2-4 axillary buds as grafting scions;
(3) pre-treating grafted scion strips: spraying and moisturizing the grafted scion with sterile water at the temperature of 8-12 ℃, and then irradiating the grafted scion with gamma rays of 0.1-0.4 Mev at an irradiation dose of 0.2-0.4 KGy to obtain a treated grafted scion;
(4) grafting: cutting the position 22-26 cm away from the ground of the stock by using a branch shear to form a stock cut, and grafting the treated grafting scion to the stock cut to obtain a macadamia nut grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) carrying out macadimia nut grafting management:
1) illumination management: building a sunshade net with 75% -80% of light transmittance at a height of 1.5-1.8 m above the macadimia nut grafted seedlings, and irradiating the macadimia nut grafted seedlings with an incandescent lamp for 3.0-3.5 h every night;
2) fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer 15-20 days after grafting, wherein the fertilizing frequency of the base fertilizer is once every 15 days, and the fertilizing frequency of the foliar fertilizer is once every 7-10 days;
3) root treatment: applying 3 to 5 kg of root treatment agent to the roots of the macadimia nut grafted seedlings every 10 to 15 days, wherein the root treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: paclobutrazol 0.5-0.8%, konjac glucomannan 2-3%, and the balance of water.
2. The method for dwarfing macadamia nuts, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step (3), the grafted scion is moisturized by spraying with sterile water at 10 ℃, and then irradiated with gamma rays of 0.3Mev at a dose of 0.3KGy to obtain a treated grafted scion.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the power of the incandescent lamp used in step (5) is 50 watts.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of the base fertilizer used in step (5) is 30 g to 50 g per plant.
5. The method for dwarfing macadimia nuts, according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the base fertilizer in the step (5) is 5.0-5.5: 3-5: 3.
6. the method for dwarfing macadimia nuts, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said foliar fertilizer of step (5), the content of organic fertilizer is 60% -70%, the content of chlorine element is 1% -5%, and the content of vitamin B9 is 3-5%.
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| CN110622768B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-09-14 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Method for dwarf close planting of macadimia nuts |
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Application publication date: 20181218 Assignee: Guangxi Guinong Precision Farming Agricultural Technology Service Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SOUTH ASIAN TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Research Institute OF GUANGXI Contract record no.: X2023980046466 Denomination of invention: A Method of Dwarfing Macadamia Nuts Granted publication date: 20201222 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |