CN115885759A - Durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method - Google Patents
Durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115885759A CN115885759A CN202310229007.XA CN202310229007A CN115885759A CN 115885759 A CN115885759 A CN 115885759A CN 202310229007 A CN202310229007 A CN 202310229007A CN 115885759 A CN115885759 A CN 115885759A
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- 240000000716 Durio zibethinus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 235000006025 Durio zibethinus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000272201 Columbiformes Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000009661 flower growth Effects 0.000 abstract 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ILWYCAHTLKYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol;sodium Chemical compound [Na].COC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1O ILWYCAHTLKYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000146553 Ceiba pentandra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003301 Ceiba pentandra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219071 Malvaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005991 Sodium o-nitrophenolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005992 Sodium p-nitrophenolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXKBOWBNOCUNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-nitrophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O AXKBOWBNOCUNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CURNJKLCYZZBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-nitrophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 CURNJKLCYZZBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
- A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
- A01N33/22—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom and at least one nitro group directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method which comprises the steps of pre-flowering fertilization, pre-flowering trimming, pre-flowering water control, medicine tip control and the like. Controlling water before flower growth, wherein the water control before flower growth is carried out for 20-25 days, stopping irrigation, controlling the growth of nutrients through water stress, accumulating nutrients and promoting flower bud differentiation. The method comprises the steps of spraying a tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine to a trunk and leaf surfaces for 1 time 20 days before forcing flower, wherein the tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine comprises 98% of monopotassium phosphate, 15% of paclobutrazol and 1.8% of adolescent harvest. The invention has the advantages that: by comprehensively applying the steps of pre-flowering fertilization, pre-flowering pruning, pre-flowering water control, medicine tip control and the like, the regulation of the flowering and the production period of the durian is realized, the durian fruit batches are remarkably increased, the negative influence of abnormal weather on the flowering and the fruiting of the durian is reduced by controlling the flowering and fruiting time of the durian, the quality and the yield of the durian fruits are improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of durian planting, in particular to a durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method.
Background
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) belongs to kapok (Bombacaceae) and is a tropical fruit with high economic value, the durian grafted seedlings are planted to bear fruits after 3-5 years, the seedlings enter the full bearing period after 7-8 years, one plant has dozens of fruits and hundreds of fruits, the bearing period can last for years, and the annual output value of one plant is more than two thousand yuan according to the price calculation of the international market in recent years. The durian planted in Hainan province of China blooms in batches in 1-2 months in a natural state, fruits are concentrated in 5-6 months to be ripe, the fruit setting and maturing rate is low due to adverse weather influence, the fruits are fewer in other months, batch fruits are difficult to form, due yield and economic benefits are not exerted, and the method becomes a key technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in durian production.
The invention provides a durian flower forcing and fruit bearing period adjusting method, which regulates and controls the internal physiological state of crops by forcing flowers according to market demands, changes the natural flowering time, adjusts the fruit bearing period, prolongs the flowering and fruit bearing time, can balance market supply and stabilize price on one hand, and can stagger adverse effects on flowering and fruit bearing in severe weather such as low temperature and overcast and rainy days in the natural flowering season on the other hand, thereby improving the yield and the value and increasing the benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a durian flower forcing and delivery period adjusting method, which realizes durian flowering and delivery period adjustment through comprehensive application of the steps of pre-flowering fertilization, trimming, water control, medicine tip control and the like, reduces the negative influence of abnormal weather on durian flowering and fruiting, improves the durian fruit quality and yield, and is suitable for the requirement of efficient production in durian production areas.
The invention relates to a durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method, which comprises the following steps:
fertilizing before flowering: applying 60 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 3 kilograms of compound fertilizer in each plant ditch 2 months before flower forcing, applying 2 times of water and fertilizer in the bud period and 10 days apart for 2 times of water and fertilizer application, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 30 liters per plant each time, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 20;
pruning before flowering: pruning 30 +/-2 days before flower forcing;
controlling water before flowers bloom: stopping watering 20-25 days before flower forcing, controlling the growth of nutrients through water stress, accumulating nutrients and promoting flower bud differentiation;
controlling shoots with medicines: 20 days before flower forcing, spraying tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine on trunks and leaf surfaces for 1 time, wherein the tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the concentration of 98%, paclobutrazol with the concentration of 15% and adolescent harvest with the concentration of 1.8%.
In the above embodiment, in the tip controlling step, the tip controlling and flower forcing solution includes 700 to 1000 times aqueous solution of paclobutrazol with a concentration of 15%, 500 times aqueous solution of monopotassium phosphate with a concentration of 98%, and 5000 times aqueous solution of idoxuan with a concentration of 1.8%, the tip controlling and flower forcing solution is prepared by mixing the paclobutrazol, the monopotassium phosphate and the idoxuan in proportion, the dosage of the tip controlling and flower forcing solution for each durian tree depends on the size of the crown, and the uniform spraying of the liquid medicine on the front and back surfaces of the leaves and the trunk is preferable.
In the above embodiment, the organic fertilizer comprises one or more of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and pigeon manure, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than 50%, the furrow application comprises a fertilizing furrow which is dug at the inner side of the projection of the crown in an annular, radial and dotted manner and has a depth of 25 cm and a width of 20-25 cm in the tree disc, and then the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are buried in the fertilizing furrow.
In the above embodiment, the water fertilizer is applied in the bud period by grinding the organic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer respectively, mixing the ground organic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer in water, and irrigating the mixture into the tree tray in a water-fertilizer integrated manner, wherein the cake fertilizer is one or more of bean cake, peanut bran, rapeseed cake and sunflower seed cake.
In the above embodiment, the pre-flowering pruning step includes controlling the tree height to be 6-8 m, the number of the backbone branches to be 12-15, the layer division to be 4-5, and the length of the backbone branches and the branch division to be 2.5-3 m. The ground surface of the first branch is about 1 m high, the branches on each layer are uniformly distributed around the trunk, and the interlayer spacing is 0.5-0.6 m, so that a ventilated, light-transmitting, sparse and layered high-yield tree form is formed. By pruning before flowering, ineffective branches with excessive dense intersection, competitive spindly growth and slender overlong length are removed, so that the tree body is ventilated and transparent, and a sufficient space is created for flowering and fruiting, thereby improving the yield of durian.
In the embodiment, the method further comprises the step of controlling water before flowers, if the water meets too much natural rainfall, plastic cloth or ground cloth is laid under the durian trees with the radius equal to or larger than 1/3 of the projection radius of the crown on the ground to shield rain, so that the water content of the soil in the ground near the durian trees is reduced, and the water absorption of root systems is reduced.
In the step of tip control by the medicine, the tip control and flower forcing liquid medicine comprises 15% paclobutrazol 750 times aqueous solution, 98% monopotassium phosphate 500 times aqueous solution and 1.8% adoxon 5000 times aqueous solution, the dosage of the flower forcing liquid medicine for each plant depends on the size of a tree crown, and the liquid medicine is preferably sprayed on the front and back surfaces of leaves and a trunk uniformly.
In the above embodiment, the number of times of implementing the durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method is at least 2 times per year.
The invention has the advantages that: by comprehensively applying the steps of pre-flowering fertilization, pre-flowering pruning, pre-flowering water control, medicine tip control and the like, the regulation of the flowering and the production period of the durian is realized, the durian fruit batch is remarkably increased, the negative influence of abnormal weather on the flowering and the fruiting of the durian is reduced by regulating and controlling the flowering and fruiting time of the durian, the quality and the yield of the durian fruits are improved, and the economic benefit is improved; the method is convenient, easy to implement, stable and durable; the fertilizer is applied in a reduced amount by increasing the organic fertilizer, so that the environment and the ecology are protected.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a statistical chart of the regulation test of durian flower forcing and birth period.
Figure 2 is a statistical chart of the paclobutrazol controlled-tip flower forcing test.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention relates to a durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method in a preferred embodiment of the invention, which comprises the following steps:
fertilizing before flowering: applying 60 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 3 kilograms of compound fertilizer in each furrow 2 months before flower forcing, applying water fertilizer 2 times in each furrow in a flower bud period, wherein the interval between the water fertilizer application for 2 times is 10 days, the fertilizer application amount is 30 liters per plant each time, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 20;
pruning before flowering: pruning 30 +/-2 days before flower forcing;
controlling water before flowering: stopping watering 25 days before flower forcing, controlling the growth of nutrients through water stress, accumulating nutrients and promoting flower bud differentiation;
controlling tip with medicine: 20 days before flower forcing, uniformly spraying a tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine on trunks and leaf surfaces for 1 time, wherein the tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine comprises 98% of monopotassium phosphate, 15% of paclobutrazol and 1.8% of idoxual. The tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine comprises 700-1000 times of paclobutrazol with the concentration of 15%, 500 times of monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 98% and 5000 times of endotheca with the concentration of 1.8%, the tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine is prepared by mixing the paclobutrazol, the monopotassium phosphate and the endotheca according to the proportion, the dosage of the tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine of each durian tree is determined according to the size of a crown, and the liquid medicine is preferably uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of leaves and a trunk without dripping.
In the above embodiment, the organic fertilizer comprises one or more of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and pigeon manure, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than 50%, the furrow application comprises digging a fertilizing furrow with a depth of 25 cm and a width of 20-25 cm at the inner side of the projection of the crown in a furrow shape in the tree disc, and then embedding the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer therein.
In the above embodiment, the water fertilizer in the flower bud period is applied by respectively grinding the organic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer, mixing the ground organic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer in water, and pouring the mixture into the tree tray in a water-fertilizer integrated manner, wherein the cake fertilizer is one or more of bean cakes, peanut bran, rapeseed cakes and sunflower seed cakes.
In the above embodiment, the pre-flowering pruning step includes controlling the tree height to be 6-8 m, the number of the backbone branches to be 12-15, the layer division to be 4-5, and the length of the backbone branches and the branch division to be 2.5-3 m. The ground of the first branch is about 1 meter high, each layer of branches is uniformly distributed in the dry circumference in the front-back direction and the left-right direction, and the interlayer spacing is 0.5-0.6 meter, so that a ventilated, light-transmitting, sparse and layered high-yield tree form is formed. By pruning before flowering, ineffective branches with excessive dense intersection, competitive spindly growth and slender overlong length are removed, so that the tree body is ventilated and transparent, and a sufficient space is created for flowering and fruiting, thereby improving the yield of durian.
In the embodiment, the method also comprises the step of controlling water before flowers, if the water is too much in natural precipitation, plastic cloth or ground cloth is laid under the durian trees with the projection radius equal to or larger than 1/3 of the crown projection radius on the ground to shield rain, so that the water content of the soil is reduced, and the water absorption of root systems is reduced.
In the above embodiment, the number of times of implementing the durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method is 3 times per year.
Example 2
The treatment method comprises fertilizing before flowering in two months (11 months in the first year and 11 months in the second year), and flowering in 1 month in the second year or the third year, wherein the durian fruit is mature in 5 months. The pre-anthesis fertilization was performed in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
The treatment method comprises pruning before flowering in one month (12 months in the first year and 12 months in the second year), allowing durian to bloom in 1 month in the second or third year, and allowing durian fruit to mature in 5 months. The pre-anthesis trim was done in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
The treatment method comprises controlling water before flowering in one month before flowering (12 months in the first year and 12 months in the second year), enabling the durian to flower in 1 month in the second year or the third year, and enabling the durian fruit to mature in 5 months. The water control before flowering was performed in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 5
The treatment method comprises the steps of performing drug tip control in one month before flowering (12 months and 10 days in the first year and 12 months and 10 days in the second year), enabling the durian to bloom in the first 1 th and the third 1 st, delaying the actual flowering time by 5-7 days after the expected flowering time due to the influence of current year climate conditions, and enabling the durian to ripen in the 5 th month. The drug tip control was performed in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 6
No additional treatment is carried out on the durian trees, the durian flowers in batches in 2 months in the natural state, and the fruits are ripe in 6 months.
In order to verify the implementation effect of the durian flower forcing and date of birth regulation method, the durian trees are processed according to the modes of the embodiment 1-the embodiment 6 respectively, and the selected durian trees are 5-6 years old; the test time is 2021-2022 years, and the statistics of two continuous years of test investigation are carried out; the test sites are respectively in three town durian production bases in the ecological district of the third childbirth talent in Hainan province and the county of Baozing. 4 trees were randomly selected for each treatment, 3 replicates were used for a total of 12 trees in a test plot, and 6 examples for a total of 72 trees. The experimental results were subjected to average statistics, and the statistical results are shown in fig. 1.
The experimental results of the examples 1 to 6 show that the pre-anthesis water control and the drug tip control have obvious effects on the branch growth stopping proportion, the durian lacks nutrition accumulation due to the fact that pre-anthesis fertilization and pre-anthesis pruning are not carried out, and the number of bearing branches, the number of inflorescences, the number of fruit setting and the yield after flowering and fruiting are not obviously improved; the pre-flowering fertilization and the pre-flowering pruning are independently carried out, although the nutrition of the tree is increased and accumulated, the surplus nutrition can cause luxuriant branches and leaves, the flower bud differentiation is not facilitated, and the number of fruit branches, the ordinal number, the fruit setting number and the yield are not obviously improved; the tree nutrition is increased only under the comprehensive action of water control before flowers, pesticide tip control, fertilization before flowers and pruning before flowers, the growth of branches is inhibited, the problems of ventilation and light transmission are solved, flower bud differentiation is induced, the growth of branch tips is inhibited, the flowering batch and the number of flowers are increased, the fruit setting number is increased, and further the yield is increased. The method realizes the adjustment of the production period, simultaneously fertilizes the soil, enhances the tree vigor, improves the high yield and the stable yield of the tree body and improves the yield and the economic benefit by an innovative cultivation method.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula of KH 2 PO 4 The plant growth regulator mainly plays a role in promoting photosynthesis, improving crop stress resistance and controlling vegetative growth, can effectively promote leaf aging and branch lignification, can achieve the effect of vigorous control, and can also promote flower bud differentiation and fruit swelling.
Paclobutrazol is a triazole plant growth regulator with a chemical formula of C 15 H 20 CIN 3 O, the main function of which is to control crop growth. Has the functions of controlling the growth of branch tips, shortening internodes, promoting flower bud differentiation, increasing stress resistance and improving yield.
And (4) harvesting the love: the plant growth regulator is a plant growth regulator, mainly comprises sodium o-nitrophenolate, sodium p-nitrophenolate and sodium 5-nitro o-methoxyphenol, has a large influence on the absorption function of plants, is a plant cell activator, can quickly permeate into the plants to promote the flow of protoplasm in the cells, has obvious promotion effects on the growth and development, rooting, flowering and fructification of the plants, and can also promote the elongation of pollen tubes to facilitate fertilization and fructification.
In order to seek the optimal tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine, a paclobutrazol using concentration test is designed. The test trees are durian trees bearing fruits for 4-5 years; the test time is 2021-2022 years continuous two years test investigation statistics;
the test sites are respectively in three town durian production bases in the ecological district of the third childbirth talent in Hainan province and the county of Baozing. In the test, the concentration of multiple effect control is set as 0 (contrast), 500 times of solution, 700 times of solution, 750 times of solution, 1000 times of solution and 1250 times of solution for 6 different concentration gradient treatments, 500 times of aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the concentration of 98% and 5000 times of aqueous solution of adonity with the concentration of 1.8% are normally applied, 2 test points are selected in a durian production area, the test varieties, the tree ages and the growth vigor selected at each demonstration point are the same, and the climate conditions, the cultivation management, the terrain and the soil types of the test points are basically consistent. 3 trees are randomly selected for each treatment, 9 trees in total are formed in a test cell after 3 times of repetition, 54 trees are formed in total after 6 treatments, the 2-year test is carried out continuously, the management is carried out according to the planting method of pre-anthesis water control, medicine tip control, pre-anthesis fertilization and pre-anthesis pruning, the flower bud differentiation ratio, the number of bearing branches, the number of inflorescences, the number of fruits and the yield in the experimental process are counted, the average value of the counted data is taken, and the test result is shown in figure 2.
In the 6 treatments, the growth stopping proportion of the control branch tips is lower, and the control proportion, the number of bearing branches and the number of inflorescences are increased along with the increase of the concentration of the paclobutrazol; when the concentration is more than 750 times of the solution, the quality, fruit setting rate and yield of flowers are reduced; when the concentration is less than 1000 times, the liquid control ratio, the number of bearing branches, the number of inflorescences, the fruit setting rate and the yield are all in a descending trend. When the amount of the solution is between 700 and 1000 times, the effect of controlling the slight flower forcing is stable. Tests show that the concentration of paclobutrazol for controlling shoots and forcing flowers is more reasonable with 700-1000 times of liquid, particularly, the paclobutrazol can play the best using effect when 750 times of liquid is used, and can also be controlled to 750-1000 times of liquid from the aspect of cost. The growth vigor and the climate conditions of the durian trees with the specific use concentration are flexibly mastered, the tree vigor is strong, the use concentration of the durian trees is relatively high in high-temperature and rainy days, and the use concentration of the durian trees is relatively low in weak and low-temperature drying.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the scope of the embodiments, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A durian flower forcing and producing period adjusting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fertilizing before flowering: applying 60 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 3 kilograms of compound fertilizer in each plant ditch 2 months before flower forcing, applying 2 times of water and fertilizer in the bud period and 10 days apart for 2 times of water and fertilizer application, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 30 liters per plant each time, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 20;
pruning before flowers come: pruning 30 +/-2 days before flower forcing;
controlling water before flowering: stopping watering 20-25 days before flower forcing, controlling the growth of nutrients through water stress, accumulating nutrients and promoting flower bud differentiation;
controlling shoots with medicines: 20 days before flower forcing, uniformly spraying a tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine on trunks and leaf surfaces for 1 time, wherein the tip-controlling flower-forcing liquid medicine comprises 98% of monopotassium phosphate, 15% of paclobutrazol and 1.8% of idoxual.
2. The method for adjusting the flowering season of durian trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the drug tip control step, the tip control and flower forcing solution comprises 700-1000 times aqueous solution of paclobutrazol with a concentration of 15%, 500 times aqueous solution of monopotassium phosphate with a concentration of 98%, 5000 times aqueous solution of idoxus with a concentration of 1.8%, and the tip control and flower forcing solution is prepared by mixing the paclobutrazol, the monopotassium phosphate and the idoxus according to a proportion, wherein the tip control and flower forcing solution dosage of each durian tree depends on the size of the crown, and the liquid is preferably sprayed uniformly on the front and back surfaces of the leaves and the trunk without dripping.
3. The method for regulating the flower forcing and growing period of durian as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises one or more of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and pigeon manure, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than 50%, the furrow application comprises digging a fertilizing furrow with a depth of 25 cm and a width of 20-25 cm on the inner side of the projection of the crown in a ring shape, a radial shape and a dot shape in the tree plate, and then burying the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer therein.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the water and fertilizer are applied in bud stage by grinding the organic fertilizer and cake fertilizer separately, mixing in water, and irrigating into the tree trunk in a water and fertilizer integrated manner, wherein the cake fertilizer is one or more of bean cake, peanut bran, rapeseed cake and sunflower seed cake.
5. The method for adjusting the flowering season of durian as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pre-flowering trimming step comprises controlling the tree height to 6-8 m, 12-15 skeletal branches with 4-5 layers, controlling the length of the skeletal branches and the branches to 2.5-3.0 m, the ground level of the first branch to be about 1 m, the branches of each layer being uniformly distributed around the trunk, and the layer spacing being 0.5-0.6 m, so as to form a ventilated, light-transmitting, evacuated and layered high yield tree form.
6. The method for regulating the flowering and production period of durian trees according to claim 1, further comprising the step of laying plastic cloth or ground cloth under the durian trees with the radius equal to or greater than 1/3 of the projection radius of the crown on the ground to shield rain in case of excessive natural rainfall in the pre-flowering water control step, so as to reduce the water content of the soil in the ground near the durian trees and reduce the water absorption of the root system.
7. The method for regulating the flowering season of durian as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the said medical tip controlling step, the tip controlling and flowering solution comprises 750 times aqueous solution of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 15%, 500 times aqueous solution of monopotassium phosphate at a concentration of 98%, 5000 times aqueous solution of idoxus at a concentration of 1.8%, and the amount of each plant is determined according to the size of the tree crown, and is preferably to spray the front and back surfaces of the leaves and the trunk uniformly without dripping water.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed at least 2 times per year.
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| CN106561392A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-04-19 | 钟山县昱成水果种植专业合作社 | Method of comprehensively increasing flower and fruit bearing of citrus gonggan |
| CN106577105A (en) * | 2016-11-19 | 2017-04-26 | 蚌埠市涂山村富民石榴专业合作社 | Method for increasing complete flowers of pomegranates |
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| CN114557202A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-31 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Durian planting method with high fruit setting rate |
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