CN1748462A - A kind of cuttage propagation method of Lonicera indigo Lonicerae green branches - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to green branch cuttage breeding method for Lonicera caergdeal, and belongs to asexual propagation technology of plant. Cutting shoot is taken from available Lonicera caergdeal mother tree. The green branch cuttage breeding method includes the following steps: preparing planting bed and apparatus, sorting cutting shoot and determining planting time and method, seedling management and winter management. The method has seedling survival rate as high as 85 %, and can obtain young seeding of height over 30cm and developed root system in the same year for transplanting. The method features low cost, simple operation, and high seedling survival rate.

Description

A kind of cuttage propagation method of Lonicera indigo Lonicerae green branches

【Technical field】

The invention relates to the technical field of asexual propagation of Lonicera japonica, in particular to a cutting propagation method of Lonicera japonica with green branches.

【Background technique】

Lonicera caerulea, referred to as Lonicera caerulea, belongs to the Lonicera family Lonicera. It is a berry shrub fruit tree distributed in the former Soviet Union, China, Japan and Korea. my country has been using wild fruits to process fruit wine and beverages since the 1980s, which is very popular. The former Soviet Union has carried out breeding work for more than 50 years, and has bred more than 60 varieties. In 2001, the College of Horticulture of Northeast Agricultural University introduced 10 varieties from some scientific research institutes in Russia. Through research and observation, the cultivation of Lonicerae indigo in many places in cold regions shows strong adaptability, good growth and development, no freezing damage, no pests and diseases, etc. advantage. Compared with wild resources in my country, these varieties have the advantages of large fruit, high yield, and high quality, and are suitable for processing and eating fresh. In particular, Lonicera indigo Lonicerae contains extremely rich anthocyanins and other flavonoid physiologically active substances, which have high nutritional, health and medicinal value. Many enterprises plan to plant them on a large scale.

However, due to the lack of suitable propagation methods, the popularization of this emerging and precious tree species is limited. Through experimental research, the range of variation in the progeny of seed propagation is large, and the characteristics of excellent varieties cannot be maintained. Its plants are shrubs and cannot be grafted. Japan adopts tissue culture for reproduction, but the capital investment and technology are difficult, the cost of tissue culture is high, and it is difficult to master and use.

Russia mainly carries out cutting propagation of green branches in greenhouses, using mist cutting devices and rooting agents, which also have the problems of high input costs and difficult technical management. After retrieving the prior art, domestic existing patent applications such as "method for rapid asexual propagation of catalpa green branch cuttings" (application number: 2003103444.8) and "a method for raising seedlings by cuttings of Kudingcha" (application number: 03151068.X), the above-mentioned The process of propagation and seedling raising methods described in the technology is basically the same, but due to the great differences in the selected tree species and the cultivation areas, there are obvious differences in some specific key technical links, especially the film structure, temperature and humidity control, overwintering technology and other links. different. At present, no effective method has been explored for the propagation of Lonicera indigo Lonicerae with fast propagation speed, simple method, low investment, easy operation and high survival rate.

【Content of invention】

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the previous methods for the propagation of Lonicera Lonicerae, and provide a cutting propagation method for Lonicera Lonicera Lonicera green branches with less investment, simple operation, fast propagation speed and high survival rate for northern cold regions.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems comprises the following steps:

A double-layer shed film arch shed is adopted, and the sunshade net is covered as a simple facility. The substrate mixed with peat, sand and topsoil is used as a transplanting bed; during the cutting period, cut the cuttings and put them in a container filled with water, and take them out as they are inserted; after cutting Regularly water the naturally preheated groundwater, and take measures to moisturize, ventilate and shade to promote growth; during the growth process, weeding, disease prevention, and insect control measures should be taken according to the situation; overwintering management should be carried out in winter.

In the present invention, the slotting matrix has good air permeability and water retention, and the thickness is 5-7cm. The optimum volume ratio of peat, fine sand and topsoil is 1:1:1, and the degree of decomposing of peat should be light.

Among the present invention, the arch shed can be made of steel bars, bamboo splits and other materials, with a height of 0.6m, a width of 1.3m, and a length of 3m, and a shade shed is set at the top of the arch shed at 0.5-0.6m.

In the present invention, the cuttage period is selected from late May to early June, and the cuttings cut from the mother tree are preferably thick and just capped basal branches, and the cutting length is preferably 4-6cm, with 2-4 mature leaves.

In the present invention, under the condition that the bed matrix is loose, the cuttings can be directly inserted into the matrix, the depth is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 7-8×10-12cm, the leaves are perpendicular to the row direction, and the leaves on each cutting are parallel to each other. 1-2cm distance from the ground surface.

In the present invention, the water temperature in the naturally preheated pool is within the range of 15-25° C., which is used for spraying water after cuttings.

In the present invention, in the first 7 days after the cuttage, water is poured once in the morning, afternoon and evening each day, and water is sprayed twice a day for 8-30 days after the cuttage. volume should be increased.

In the present invention, special attention should be paid to keeping the air humidity above 80% before cuttings take root (about 25 days after cutting), and the humidity of the substrate is suitable. When some cuttings take root, ventilation should be started. The initial time of ventilation is easy to be short, and it will be gradually lengthened later. , When most of the cuttings take root, the shed film should be removed.

In the present invention, the cuttings should be shaded in time at the beginning, and the temperature in the shed during the day should not exceed 30°C.

In the present invention, weeding should be carried out in time after cuttings, and attention should be paid to disease prevention and pest control. When leaf spot occurs, it can be sprayed with 1500 times aqueous solution of fungus rout to prevent and control underground pests such as mole crickets with 100 times trichlorfon solution. The bran is made into poison bait to trap and kill.

In the present invention, seedlings can be raised after defoliation in late October in the northern region, and a bundle of 50 plants can be planted in the field. The buried soil thickness is about 10 cm above the bundles, and transplanted in the field in the early to mid-April of the following spring.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: the survival rate of the seedlings is high, which can reach more than 85%, and the survival rate of transplanting exceeds 95%; the seedlings can be out of the nursery in the same year, and the height can reach more than 30cm, the time for seedling cultivation is greatly shortened, and the reproduction efficiency is obviously improved.

【Detailed ways】

Example 1:

1. Shed

The arch shed can be made of iron bars, and its height is 0.6m, width 1.3m, and length 3m. This arch shed is durable and easy to move. Bamboo splits can also be used to make sheds. The arch shed is covered with double-layer plastic shed film. Further up, a shade shed is set about 0.5-0.6m away from the top of the arch shed. The shade shed is composed of iron brackets, iron wires and sunshade nets.

2. Slotting

(1) Slotting bed specifications The slotting bed is extended from east to west, 20m long, 1.2m wide, and 0.7m apart between the two beds. The bed surface is slightly higher than the original ground surface, and the bed soil is finely divided, loose and flat.

(2) Slotting matrix The matrix of the surface layer of the bed surface is made of peat, fine sand and topsoil, with a volume ratio of 1:1:1, mix well, and spread on the surface of the slotting bed with a thickness of 5-7cm.

The maturity of peat should be light, the sand should be silty, and the topsoil should be finely crushed. The matrix prepared by the three has good air permeability and water retention.

3. Preheat the pool

The temperature of groundwater (well water) is only about 9°C, which is low. Spraying this kind of water is not conducive to the rooting of cuttings. Therefore, this test is equipped with a natural preheating pool, and the water temperature is generally maintained within the range of 15-25 °C. For spraying water after cuttings.

4. Preparation of cuttings

It is best to cut the basal branches that have grown thickly and have just been capped to make cuttings. The cuttings cut from this kind of cuttings have mature leaves, the green branches are rich in nutrition, and new buds germinate and new roots occur faster. Cuttings that are too tender are early.

The cuttings should be cut as they are used, and the base should be immersed in water to avoid water loss. The cuttings are 4-6cm long and have 2-4 leaves. The leaves in the middle and lower parts of the green branches are normal. If the leaves are large, you can leave 2 leaves. The leaves on the top of the green branches are small, and you can leave a few more leaves, or even more than 4 leaves. Put the cut cuttings into a container filled with water, and take them out as you insert them, but they should not be soaked in water for too long.

5. Cutting method

(1) Cutting period

The cutting period is best from late May to early June. Sooner rather than later during this period. The temperature and humidity in the shed are easy to control, and the cuttings are in a safe environment, which is conducive to improving the survival rate. In addition, it is best to choose cloudy or low temperature weather when cutting. When cutting green branches in late May, it is necessary to cooperate with the greenhouse to plant Lonicera indigo Lonicera, so as to cultivate the mother tree in advance for cutting cuttings. Cuttings can be cut from the field in early June.

(2) Cutting method Fully water the cutting bed on the day of cutting or the day before, and keep the bed surface flat after watering. When the bed matrix is loose, the cuttings can be directly inserted into the matrix, the depth is about 2-3cm, the row spacing is 7-8×10-12cm, the leaves are perpendicular to the row direction, the leaves on each cutting are parallel to each other, and the leaves do not touch the ground ( substrate surface), with a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the ground surface. If the substrate is rough and the hardness is too large, it should be inserted with a thin wooden stick before inserting the cuttings.

6. Management after cutting

It should be sprayed with water as it is inserted, so that the water can soak into the substrate, and then the double-layer shed film buckle the arch shed, and when the sun is sufficient and the temperature is high, it should be covered with a sunshade net. After the cutting of the whole bed is completed, the periphery of the shed film should be compacted to avoid ventilation and keep moisture. For the convenience of watering, the north side of the shed film can be compacted with bricks, wood, etc. The main management since then has the following aspects:

(1) Watering Spray water once a day in the morning, afternoon and evening for 7 days after cutting, and spray water twice a day for 8 to 30 days. 30 days after the cutting, most of the cuttings have taken root, and the shed can be removed for exercise. After a few days, all the shed forms were removed, and the evaporation increased after the film was removed. At this time, although the number of waterings was small, the amount of watering should be increased. After the cuttings grow a little taller, they can be flooded along the bed with water pipes.

(2) Moisturizing and ventilation Special attention should be paid to maintaining air humidity (above 80%) and substrate humidity before the cuttings take root (about 25 days after cutting), otherwise the cuttings will easily die. When some cuttings take root, ventilation should be started. The initial ventilation time should be short, and then gradually lengthen. When most of the cuttings take root, the shed film should be removed.

(3) Shading After the cuttings are double-layered, the temperature in the shed rises sharply, often above 40°C, and it is easy to burn the seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to timely shading and cooling from the cuttings, and the temperature in the shed does not exceed 30°C during the day. ℃. In June, when the weather is clear in Harbin, it should be shaded around 9 o'clock, and the shade should be removed until 16-17 o'clock. No shade on rainy days. When the shed film is removed, the shade shed should be removed accordingly.

(4) Weeding There will be a large number of weeds about 20 days after cutting, so try to choose rainy days for weeding. After that, weeding will be carried out 2 to 3 times according to the growth and decline of weeds.

(5) Disease prevention and insect prevention Due to the high humidity in the shed, leaf spot disease is prone to occur, and when it occurs, it can be sprayed with an aqueous solution 1500 times the size of the fungus. Mole crickets are the main pests during the shed period. Poison bait should be made from fried cornmeal mixed with 100 times trichlorfon solution, and piled up in the shed in the evening to trap and kill them.

(6) Management after the shed is removed

In the initial stage of removal of the cuttings into living seedlings, due to the lack of shallow root system and poor drought resistance, watering should be done frequently according to the soil humidity. As the cuttings gradually grow stronger, the number of watering should be reduced accordingly. There are very few pests, but some fields should pay special attention to the prevention and control of grub damage.

(7) Overwintering management

The seedlings are raised after the leaves fall in late October, and 50 plants are planted in a bundle in the field. The soil thickness of the seedling bundles is 10-15cm. Transplant in the field from early to mid-April in the following spring.

Embodiment 2: The cutting time is selected in the middle and late June, and compared with embodiment 1, only the cutting period is late, and the remaining operations of the seedling raising process are the same as in embodiment 1. If the cutting time is too late, the seedlings will be very small, so you can live through the winter directly on the seedbed without seedlings. Before overwintering, pour frozen water in late October, cover with straw or weeds after a few days, remove the cover in the next spring (late April), grow on the spot for 1 year, and transplant or transplant in the autumn of that year or the next spring. Colonization.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle is characterized in that, this method comprises following working procedure: adopt double-deck canopy film shed, on to cover the sunshade net be minimum facility, make slotting machine with the matrix that the peat composed of rotten mosses, sand and table soil mix; In cuttage period, cut plugged ear and put into the container that is filled with water, with inserting with getting; Regularly water natural preheating underground water after the cuttage, take the to preserve moisture ventilation and the measure of shading promote growth; Process of growth also will according to circumstances be taked weeding, diseases prevention, insect protected measure; Carry out overwinter management when going into the winter.

As claims 1 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that 2, described shed can be split with other material with reinforcing bar, bamboo and make, highly be 0.6m, wide 1.3m, long 3m, on cover double-deck canopy film, the 0.5-0.6m place establishes shading shed apart from the shed top.

3, as claims 1 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that, described slotting machine matrix gas permeability and good water-retaining property, thickness is 5-7cm, and the optimum volume ratio of the peat composed of rotten mosses, fine sand and table soil is 1: 1: 1, and the rotten degree of the peat composed of rotten mosses is suitable light.

4, as claims 1 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that described cuttage is chosen in late May to early June period, it is best that the sturdy living branch of the base that has just bound of clip growth is done cutting, cutting length is preferably 4-6cm, band 2-4 sheet mature leaf.

5, as claim 1,4 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that, under the situation that slotting machine matrix is loosened, plugged ear directly can be inserted matrix, degree of depth 2-3cm, seeding row spacing 7-8 * 10-12cm, blade with the row to vertical, blade on each plugged ear is parallel to each other, blade and face of land 1-2cm distance.

6, as claims 1 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that, water temperature in the pond of natural preheating is in 15-25 ℃ of scope, after cuttage initial 7 days, early respectively spray 1 time water every day evening at noon, after the cuttage 8-30 days, spray water every day 2 times, after this most plugged ears are taken root, water the water spacer fate and take the circumstances into consideration to increase, the number of times that waters reduces, and should strengthen but water the water yield at every turn, cuttage (was inserted back about 25 days) before not taking root and should be paid special attention to keep air humidity more than 80%, soil humidity is suitable, should begin to ventilate behind the part cuttage rooting, and the time at initial stage of ventilating is easily short, extend gradually later on, behind most of cuttage rooting, should remove the canopy film.

As claims 1,6 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that 7, cuttage begins and should in time shade, daytime, temperature of shed was no more than 30 ℃.

8, as claims 1,6 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that, should be after the cuttage in overcast and rainy timely weeding, note diseases prevention, insect protected, can spray the routed 1500 times of aqueous solution control of cloth bacterium when leaf spot takes place, the primary pest mole cricket is stirred ripe corn flour with 100 times of chlorophos solution or wheat bran is made period poison bait.

As claims 1 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that 9, northern area can be at late October fallen leaves back lifting, can 50 strain a bundles, heel in the field, bury about native thick 10cm on the seedling bundle, next early April in spring transplanted in the field to the middle ten days.

10, as claims 1 described green branch cuttage breeding method for indigo fruit honeysuckle, it is characterized in that cutting time also can be selected in the mid-June and the last ten-days period since cutting time then seedling is very little then inclined to one side evening, so lifting is not directly survived the winter on the seedbed.Water freeze-up water in late October before surviving the winter, again with coverings such as stalk or weeds, the next spring (late April) removes covering after a few days, grows on the spot 1 year, and autumn or next year go out the garden transplant or field planting spring then.