CN104255372A - Y shaping and trimming method of plums - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a Y shaping and trimming method of plums. The Y shaping and trimming method comprises the steps of production of plum seedlings, shaping frame building, fixed planting in a shaping frame, summer trimming, winter trimming and shaping frame removal. According to the Y shaping and trimming method of the plums, the tree shapes are specified and uniform through the shaping frame garden building, a frame of a tree is firm, the ventilation and the light transmission are good, the management is convenient, the result distribution is uniform, the unit area yield is high, the Y shaping and trimming method is suitable for mechanized operation, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

The Y word shaping and trimming method of Lee

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit growing, relate to the pruning high yield method of a kind of cherry Lee (Prunus salicina), relate to the Y word shaping and trimming method of a kind of Lee (Prunus salicina) particularly.

Background technology

Prunus (Prunus), has another name called Prunus, plum belongs to, cherry belongs to, and is a rosaceous genus.Comprise Lee, cherry, peach, apricot and almond, plant is arbor or shrub, Prunus Lee salicina-, for a kind of Prunus, this kind originates in Yangtze River in China basin, be the main species of Chinese cultivated Lee, extensively planted by as fruit tree, also there are distribution in Japan, Korea, its fruit is rich in organic acid, increase, help joke, calcium content is high, to child and old supplement calcium very suitable, in health food, functional food, solid food and charging, plum is good base-material, is also first-class natural colouring matter purification base-material in addition.Therefore the most important thing that the morning for Lee gets bumper crops, good year production culture technique is this area.

Orchard exquisite in managing and manage with ornamental plant " three points kind, seven be in charge of ", especially to improve the Orchard Construction that output is aim, the final-period management of fruit tree is particularly important.In orchard management, except rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and weeding control, trimming and finishing technology is also a very important management and maintenance measure.Shaping refers to views and admires and the needs produced according to growth and development of plants characteristic and people, implements certain technical measures to turn out a kind of technology of required Structure and form to plant.Prune and refer to that some organ to plant (stem, branch, bud, leaf, flower, really, root) carries out part and dredges the operation of deleting and cutting and cutting.Shaping has been come by pruning technique, and pruning is again carry out on the basis of shaping.General in the Young Plant term to be shaped as master, after basically forming through the crown skeleton of certain phase, then to be trimmed to master.The two is unified in the technical measures under the requirement of certain cultivation management object.

In recent years, along with the fast development of national urbanization, rural laborer's worsening shortages, orchard adopts tree-like and saving of labor's pruning technique of suitable for mechanization management imperative.In prior art, as follows shape is pruned to the many employings of Lee:

Evacuate layering shape: have obvious central authorities leader to do, trunk is high 30 ~ 50 centimetres, complete stool 6 ~ 10 major branches, layering raw on central authorities leader is dry.1st layer of 3 ~ 4 major branch, by adjacent or arranged in proximity, apart from 30 cm in layer; 2nd layer of 2 major branch; 3rd layer of 1 ~ 2 major branch, horizontal sextant angle is substantially identical to each other.Have after the 3rd layer of major branch, remove dry for central authorities leader, also have outfit the 4th, 5 layers of major branch.The major branch of more than the 3rd layer only stays 1 side shoot.2nd layer with the interlamellar spacing 60 ~ 100 centimetres of the 1st layer of major branch, later each interlamellar spacing 40 ~ 60 centimetres, more upwards less.Each major branch is equipped with 1-3 side shoot, general ground floor 3, the second layer 2, more than third layer each 1.This tree-like feature is that tree crown is large, and major branch is many, well arranged, is evenly distributed up and down, and interior thorax is not easily hollow, but it is more late to be shaped, and is applicable to the thin planting Li Yuan of seeding row spacing 5 × 6-7m or the general dense planting Li Yuan of 4 × 5-6m;

Nature globular model: Japanese plum is tree-like has quite a few to be that self-sow or laissez-faire tree transformation form.Dry high 30 ~ 50 centimetres, 5 ~ 8 major branches, staggered, major branch stays a side shoot every 30 ~ 50 centimetres, side shoot is equipped with branch group, or replace side shoot by large-scale branch group.The shaping of tree body is fairly simple, and nursery stock is planted above, cuts section seedling and does, let alone growth, then retain 5 ~ 8 skeleton branches in 40 ~ 60 centimeters, and except the major branch of center, all the other each major branches are all to the stretching, extension of tree crown periphery.This tree-like pruning rate is few, is shaped fast, and early, high yield early, is applicable to the general dense planting Li Yuan of seeding row spacing 4 × 5-6m to result, but after entering the full bearing period in tree crown thorax easily hollow, there is " light leg " phenomenon, and cause yield and quality to decline;

Natural open centre shape: dry high 20 ~ 40 centimetres, do not have central authorities leader to do, complete stool 3 ~ 4 major branches, are uniformly distributed, major branch are equipped with side shoot, side shoot arranges branch group.This tree-like illumination condition is good, and result area is comparatively large, and growth is comparatively strong, and tree crown is comparatively firm, but basic major branch is few, and early yield is low, is applicable to the thin planting Li Yuan of seeding row spacing 5 × 6-7m or the general dense planting Li Yuan of 4 × 5-6m.

Above-mentioned evacuation layering shape, natural knob shape and natural open centre shape are all equipped with the large-scale skeleton branch such as major branch, side shoot, tree body skeleton is large, hat width is large, thus the general dense planting Li Yuan of thin planting and the barren sandy bare land of soil, mountain region and arid area is only suitable for, and all tree-like tree height is large, be only applicable to thin planting or general dense planting Li Yuan.For high-density planting, not yet select ideal Japanese plum dwarfing rootstock in world wide, Artificial Control technical research does not also make substantial progress, and therefore adopts tree-like and saving of labor's pruning technique of suitable for mechanization management imperative.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art and provide the high yield method of a kind of simple, convenient, feasible Lee, the Y word setting up Lee (Prunus salicina) in orchard is fast tree-like.Y word is tree-like, dry high 40 ~ 60cm, and have east-west direction two major branches, spreading angle is 40 ~ 50 °, major branch uniaxial extension, directly it on gives birth to middle-size and small-size oblique raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and the spacing of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is 10 ~ 15cm.About height of tree 3m.Suitable seeding row spacing is the High Density Planting Orchard of 1m × 3m, widely applies in Europe, America and Australia.The shaping and trimming method report that Y word is tree-like is there is not yet both at home and abroad in the growing and cultivation of Lee.

For realizing the object of the invention, the invention provides following technical scheme:

A Lee's Y word pruning high yield method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

(1) preparation of Lee (Prunus salicina) seedling

A chooses seeds, the vigorous strain clump of growth selection, and the good Lee's seed of harvest maturity, at temperature 4 DEG C of Refrigerator stores;

Soaked in cold water before b sowing: seed soaked in cold water 3 days, changes water every day once, is dried by the surface of the seed moisture after seed soaking, must guard against and can not be exposed to the sun;

C stratification: by sand: seed=4: the weight ratio of 1 is carried out, temperature is 10 DEG C, and the time is 40 days;

D hormone is soaked seed: soak seed with 100mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6)+80mg/LGA3+60mg/LCPPU+20mg/LIBA and sow after 5 hours, and sow 20 days statistics germination rates, germination rate is 92.3%;

E manages after emerging: transplant to flower nursery, the management of ground, garden, loosens the soil and combines to water and carry out applying fertilizer and damage by disease and insect prevents.

(2) reshaping frame is built: adopt hedge frame, frame height 1.5m, and longitudinal bracing adopts concrete column, and cross-brace adopts 8# iron wire, concrete column setting space 3m, and iron wire arranges 3 roads from bottom to top, spacing 50cm;

(3) seedling that in reshaping frame prepared by field planting step (1), by unified for the seedling side pulling to reshaping frame after field planting, is strapped in loosely on iron wire, as the first major branch, does not add cutting back; Many vertical branch can be sprouted summer then, selecting the branch contrary with the first major branch direction of growth apart from 50cm place, ground, as the second major branch at major branch back, let alone growth, will pinching immediately or remove to all the other vertical branch, enter after autumn, the second major branch is strapped on the iron wire of reshaping frame opposite side;

(4) summer pruning: the young sprout upright to major branch back in time carry out pinching or remove, maintain the growth potential of two major branch balances.Based on sparse branching, cut less or do not cut.The seedling lower for germination rate, power of branching out is more weak, should suitably cutting back or many pinching when summer pruning, to promote to send out a shoot, increases setting fruit position.Spray PBO, concentration is 250 times of liquid.Spray in 1 year 4 times.The time of spraying is: when the spring tip has 7 ~ 8 leaves; Mid-May; Early June; When early or mid July, autumn growth started to grow;

(5) winter pruning: cutting back two major branches, growth promoting effects, two major branches want uniaxial extension, do not stay side shoot, delay and put major branch both sides or the branch under carrying on the back, make it to become middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, remove back vertical branch, form east side and result face, two, west side, how slowly put, suitably sparse branching, few cutting back, avoid pruning rate overweight.On the south the distribution of full branch amount, rare north is close, upper rare lower close, outer rare interior close, the back of two scaffold limbs be not periods of direct sunlight as well;

(6) reshaping frame removes: after within 3 ~ 4 years, completing shaping, can remove reshaping frame.

The beneficial effect of hinge structure of the present invention is:

(1) first Y word shaping and trimming method is applied in the cultivation management of Lee.Lee is rose family Lee subgenus, the trimming method of prior art, and do without obvious center, mitogenetic 3 ~ 4 major branches on trunk, on major branch, each mitogenetic side shoot 6 ~ 8, side shoot divides fruit-bearing shoot cluster again.This tree-like shortcoming is that treelet is pruned heavier, and enter fruiting period more late, major branch is upright, and it is more difficult that side shoot is cultivated.And the tree-like treelet of Y word is pruned comparatively light, fruiting period early, manages saving of labor, and single easy to learn, easy and simple to handle, can control within setting range by tree body size all the time, and can carry out standardized management, make Japanese plum realize early high-yield, good quality and high output, stable yields.

(2) pruning sprays in conjunction with PBO, can have short flower, guarantor's flower, fruit retention, ahead of time high yield period, production-increasing function.PBO contains basic element of cell division BA (having another name called short florigen), growth hormone derivative ORE, delayer uniconazole P, increases the active ingredients such as sugared painted nutritional agents, antifreezing agent, can enhancing development, trunk infusion growth can be controlled again, thus reach reproductive growth and the effect of balance of nourishing and growing.Lee's sapling up-growth is vigorous, not easily becomes colored, and sturdy branch and water sprout are difficult to control, and adopts heavy pruning, light pruning or the multiple method such as not cut still to be difficult to control tree vigo(u)r.PBO sprays the methods combining with pruning, effectively can relax tree vigo(u)r, increases result quantities.

Spray as contrast only to carry out the not auxiliary PBO of pruning, respectively 3 groups of PBO have been carried out to Japanese plum and sprayed process.Processed group 1: spray twice, spend front 7d and spend rear 7d each once, spraying concentration is 100 times of liquid; Processed group 2: spray twice, spend front 7d and spend rear 7d each once, spraying concentration is 200 times of liquid; Processed group 3: spray four times, when the spring tip has 7 ~ 8 leaves; Mid-May; Early June; When early or mid July, autumn growth started to grow; , concentration is 250 times of liquid.Often process 10 strains, repeat 3 times.

As can be seen from result of the test (table 1), " repeatedly spraying on a small quantity " method (spraying group 3) of PBO is for best, and brachyplast rate, abloom rate, fruit-setting rate all reach more than 160% of control group.Single fruit weight and output add 8.12% and 23.40% than contrast respectively.

Table 1, PBO sprays screening example

Method	Brachyplast rate %	Abloom rate %	Fruit-setting rate %	Single fruit weight g	Single plant yield kg
						Control group	32.11	31.30	16.26	30.66	0.94
Spray group 1	40.58	40.77	17.83	31.84	1.02
						Spray group 2	46.29	44.82	18.47	32.01	1.04
Spray group 3	69.36	70.79	26.42	33.15	1.16

(3) due to seed itself in some the factor phenomenon that causes seed can not sprout immediately under adapt circumstance condition be called seed dormancy.Being a kind of characteristic that fruit tree is formed in long-term system is grown, is also the adaptive capacity of opposing unsuitable environmental condition.Through the impact of certain hour integrated condition, inner there is a series of physiological change in dormant seed, thus enter can the process of germinating, claims after-ripening.Seed dormant release method can be divided into that physical solution removes substantially, chemical absolution and biologically removing three class.Dry after-ripening, lamination, relent some other physical treatment, and hormone and other chemical solution soak the dormancy all can removing some plant seeds, and animal, plant and fungi also have effect to the dormancy removing certain plants seed.Understand the change of the dormant trait in seed development maturation, be conducive to gathering seed and sowing pre-treatment seed in time.Effective temperature during lamination, lamination matrix and humidity, lamination after-ripening required time, all can be variant because of different cultivars.The low inferior reproductive disorder of existing Lee's natural propagation power, becomes the technical bottleneck of restriction this area development.Because stratification is a water absorption course slowly, also be a process transforming slowly and slowly germinate simultaneously, Seed sprouting is relevant to seed moisture proportion, only seed-bearing moisture content close to or reach capacity moisture content time just start to sprout, and the time reached capacity required for moisture content and seed moisture content when starting lamination is relevant, before lamination, moisture content is lower, absorbs water slower, reach capacity time of moisture content is longer, and the time of suitable vernalization also can be longer; Inventor found through experiments, and seed soaked in cold water 3 days, changes water every day once, and lamination 40 days can be made after such pretreatment just close to saturation state, shorten germination time, and this pretreatment can increase field germination rate.

(4) known in this field, hormone kind and concentration are to the significant effect of having grown of seed, present inventor finds, soak seed with 100mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6)+80mg/LGA3+60mg/LCPPU+20mg/LIBA to sow after 5 hours, sow 20 days statistics germination rates, germination rate is 92.3%; It significantly can improve the germination rate of seed, and single factor experiment result shows, after adopting this hormone to soak, percentage of seedgermination improves 26.5%, substantially reduces sprout time.

Embodiment

A Lee's Y word pruning high yield method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

(1) preparation of Lee (Prunus salicina) seedling

A chooses seeds, the vigorous strain clump of growth selection, and the good Lee's seed of harvest maturity, at temperature 4 DEG C of Refrigerator stores;

Soaked in cold water before b sowing: seed soaked in cold water 3 days, changes water every day once, is dried by the surface of the seed moisture after seed soaking, must guard against and can not be exposed to the sun;

C stratification: by sand: seed=4: the weight ratio of 1 is carried out, temperature is 10 DEG C, and the time is 40 days;

D hormone is soaked seed: soak seed with 100mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6)+80mg/LGA3+60mg/LCPPU+20mg/LIBA and sow after 5 hours, and sow 20 days statistics germination rates, germination rate is 92.3%;

E manages after emerging: transplant to flower nursery, the management of ground, garden, loosens the soil and combines to water and carry out applying fertilizer and damage by disease and insect prevents.

(2) reshaping frame is built: adopt hedge frame, frame height 1.5m, and longitudinal bracing adopts concrete column, and cross-brace adopts 8# iron wire, concrete column setting space 3m, and iron wire arranges 3 roads from bottom to top, spacing 50cm;

(3) seedling that in reshaping frame prepared by field planting step (1), described seedling grows to about 1.5m, by unified for the seedling side pulling to reshaping frame after field planting, is strapped in loosely on iron wire, as the first major branch, does not add cutting back; Many vertical branch can be sprouted summer then, selecting the branch contrary with the first major branch direction of growth apart from 50cm place, ground, as the second major branch on major branch, let alone growth, will pinching immediately or remove to all the other vertical branch, enter after autumn, the second major branch is strapped on the iron wire of reshaping frame opposite side;

(4) summer pruning: the young sprout upright to major branch back in time carry out pinching or remove, maintain the growth potential of two major branch balances.Based on sparse branching, cut less or do not cut.The seedling lower for germination rate, power of branching out is more weak, should suitably cutting back or many pinching when summer pruning, to promote to send out a shoot, increases setting fruit position.Spray PBO, concentration is 250 times of liquid.Spray in 1 year 4 times.The time of spraying is: when the spring tip has 7 ~ 8 leaves; Mid-May; Early June; When early or mid July, autumn growth started to grow;

(5) winter pruning: cutting back two major branches, growth promoting effects, two major branches want uniaxial extension, do not stay side shoot, delay and put major branch both sides or the branch under carrying on the back, make it to become middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, remove back vertical branch, form east side and result face, two, west side, how slowly put, suitably sparse branching, few cutting back, avoid pruning rate overweight.On the south the distribution of full branch amount, rare north is close, upper rare lower close, outer rare interior close, the back of two scaffold limbs be not periods of direct sunlight as well;

(6) reshaping frame removes: the 2nd year winter and the 3rd year summer respectively repeat to build shaping 1 time, after within the 3rd year, completing shaping in winter, can remove reshaping frame.

As a result, field planting in 2008 6 years so far, the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school is healthy and strong, and tree crown size controls in rational scope of design always, and full garden permeability is good, and within 2009, see fruit, per mu yield 1200kg then, 2130kg in 2010, per mu yield afterwards all controls at about 3000kg

Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can be made some modifications or improvements this to it and will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these done without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention amendments, the expansion of improvement or scope, all belongs to the scope of protection of present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a Lee's Y word shaping and trimming method, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

The preparation of step (1) Lee (Prunus salicina) seedling

A chooses seeds: the vigorous strain clump of growth selection, and Lee's seed that harvest maturity is good, at temperature 4 DEG C of Refrigerator stores;

Soaked in cold water before b sowing: seed soaked in cold water 3 days, changes water every day once, is dried by the surface of the seed moisture after seed soaking;

C stratification: by sand: seed=4: the weight ratio of 1 is carried out, temperature is 10 DEG C, and the time is 40 days;

D hormone is soaked seed: soak seed with 100mg/L DA-6+80mg/L GA3+60mg/L CPPU+20mg/L IBA and sow after 5 hours;

E manages after emerging;

Step (2) reshaping frame is built: longitudinal bracing adopts concrete column, and cross-brace adopts 8# iron wire, concrete column setting space 3m, and iron wire arranges 3 roads from bottom to top, spacing 50cm;

Step (3) seedling that in reshaping frame prepared by field planting step (1), by unified for the seedling side pulling to reshaping frame after field planting, is strapped in loosely on iron wire, as the first major branch, does not add cutting back; Many vertical branch can be sprouted summer then, selecting the branch contrary with the first major branch direction of growth apart from 50cm place, ground, as the second major branch on major branch, let alone growth, to all the other vertical branch pinching, enter after autumn, the second major branch is strapped on the iron wire of reshaping frame opposite side;

(4) summer pruning: in time major branch back young sprout is carried out to pinching or removes, maintains the growth potential of two major branch balances, for the seedling that power of branching out is more weak, answers cutting back or many pinching when summer pruning; Spray PBO, concentration is 250 times of liquid;

(5) winter pruning: cutting back two major branches, growth promoting effects, two major branches want uniaxial extension, do not stay side shoot, delay and put major branch both sides or the branch under carrying on the back, make it to become middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, remove back vertical branch, form east side and result face, two, west side;

(6) reshaping frame removes: after within 3 ~ 4 years, completing shaping, can remove reshaping frame.

2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the concrete operations spraying PBO in step (4) are:

Spray in 1 year 4 times.The time of spraying is: when the spring tip has 7 ~ 8 leaves, mid-May, early June, early or mid July.