CN106069546A - A kind of Japanese plum gently simplify pruning method - Google Patents
A kind of Japanese plum gently simplify pruning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069546A CN106069546A CN201610575897.XA CN201610575897A CN106069546A CN 106069546 A CN106069546 A CN 106069546A CN 201610575897 A CN201610575897 A CN 201610575897A CN 106069546 A CN106069546 A CN 106069546A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Japanese plum gently simplifies pruning method, including dormant pruning and Summerly pruning, described dormant pruning use outer the dilutest interior close, go to force to stay on branch weak, prosperous to take the lead, update the simplification pruning method of fruitful branch, described Summerly pruning uses bud picking, dredges the tip, draws branch and the simplification pruning method of pinching repeatedly.The present invention provide a kind of Japanese plum gently simplify pruning method, the method is simple and convenient and easy to study, time and labour saving, significantly reduce labor cost, this pruning method can equalize tree vigo(u)r, it is effectively improved the lifting of tree body illumination condition, beneficially high and stable yield and fruit quality, improves high quality fruit rate, increase farmers' income, there is in terms of Japanese plum plantation boundless application prospect.
Description
Method field
The present invention relates to the pruning method of a planting fruit-trees, be specifically related to a kind of Japanese plum gently simplifies pruning method.
Background method
Prunus is in Rosaceae cherry, the fruit of Lee not only beautiful appearance, fragrance succulence, sour and sweet palatability, Er Qieyou
Abundant nutrient substance, is i.e. the Seasonal fresh fruits liked of people, is again process multiple savoury food and health care medicine important former
Material.China is one of area of origin of Lee, is again Lee's manufacturing country maximum in the world.In recent years, traditional large fruit supply and demand base
This balance, large fruit market competitiveness declines day by day, and even drug on the market, and price gradually falls after rise, and economic benefit is more and more lower.
Really how industry development reaches a new level, and the little seeds that its starting point has been increasingly turned to be of high nutritive value, potentiality to be exploited is big come up.
Developing rapidly of Lee's industry, obvious to travel and tourism business induced effect, occupy the biggest in regional economical develops
Proportion, some areas have been developed as the leading industry of local economy.But the production of Lee cultivation there is also some problems,
Because the adaptability of Lee is stronger, a lot of local cultivation managements are more extensive, and generally existence fruit is less, taste is the lightest, meat
The situation that soft, exterior quality is the best, has had a strong impact on the commodity of Lee fruit.Therefore, improve Japanese plum plantation level, improve high-quality
Really rate, for strengthening the market competitiveness of China's Lee's industry, promoting that the long-acting development tool of Lee's industry is of great significance.
Pruning is an important method and measure in Japanese plum management, is that regulation tree is flat between body each several part, each organ
The important means of weighing apparatus.Reasonably pruning can cultivate firm tree crown skeleton, builds rational tree management, improves and ventilates thoroughly
Light, makes full use of tree internal water and nutrient, improves the physiologically active of fruit tree, contribute to reaching early bearing, high-quality, high yield, stable yields,
Longevity and the purpose being easy to management.
All the time overground part and underground part, growth and result, aging is there is and updates in fruit tree in whole growth and development process
Between contradiction, from setting in terms of internal portion physiological acoustic signals, there is consumption and accumulation, the battalion of assimilation and dissimilation, nutrient substance
The complementary relations such as the cyclically-varying at the center of supporting；There is also in terms of exopathogenic factor and environmental condition, agricultural management method etc.
Dependency.In production, if Japanese plum not being carried out pruning, letting alone growth, then with the growth of the age of tree, tree body will necessarily occur
Tall and big, tree crown obvolvent, tree-like disorder, skeleton branch are too much, branch and leaf too much, the phenomenon such as biennial fruiting.Equally, if prune improper,
Then can destroy tree management, cause setting shifting outside the prosperous length of body, structure disturbance, canopy, setting fruit position, increase Dead space, produce
Measure the problems such as low, poor quality.At present, generally there is, in Japanese plum is cultivated, problem improperly of pruning, numerous orchard workers are the most difficult
In the shaping and trimming method of accurate assurance Japanese plum, mainly the growth and development characteristics of fruit tree is understood and botany general knowledge not
The reason of shortcoming.For the pruning of fruit tree, the most all carrying out correlational study, but the center of research is often collecting
In in dormant pruning, Summerly pruning is paid little attention to, and Japanese plum is less demanding to environmental condition cultural method, growth
Strong adaptability, so that the research being specifically designed for Japanese plum is relatively fewer.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the most methodical shortcoming, it is provided that a kind of Japanese plum gently simplify pruning method, the party
Method is simple and convenient and easy to study, time and labour saving, significantly reduces labor cost, and this pruning method can equalize tree vigo(u)r, is effectively improved tree body illumination
The lifting of condition, beneficially high and stable yield and fruit quality, improves high quality fruit rate, increases farmers' income, and has in terms of Japanese plum plantation
There is boundless application prospect.
It is an object of the invention to what scheme by the following method realized: a kind of Japanese plum gently simplify pruning method, including
Dormant pruning and Summerly pruning, described dormant pruning use outer the dilutest interior close, go to force to stay on branch weak, prosperous to take the lead, update result
The simplification pruning method of branch, described Summerly pruning uses bud picking, the thin tip, draws branch and the simplification pruning method of pinching repeatedly.
Further, the concrete operations of described dormant pruning are as follows:
(1) the dilutest interior close: the trunk height pruning Japanese plum is 40～50cm, stays three major branches, and major branch spreading angle is 45
～50 °, three major branch distribution azimuths are 110～130 °, and each major branch 2～3 side shoots of configuration, described side shoot extends with major branch
Between line, azimuth is 60～70 °, and side shoot is 30～40cm with trunk, side shoot with side shoot spacing；Pull open major branch and side shoot is peripheral
Extend branch top angle, remove peripheral too much prosperous branch and perennial bough, increase major branch and side shoot behind and both sides branch quantity, internally
Hall thin and delicate branch cutting back at full bud, increases cella branch and leaf amount；
(2) go to force to stay on weak: the prosperous branch removing on major branch and side shoot, remove to the growth of tree crown thorax and 85～95 ° of upright sides
To the branch of growth, retain small and weak branch；
(3) prosperous branch is taken the lead: keep major branch extending head spreading angle be 55～65 °, side shoot extending head spreading angle be 70～
80 °, and do not stay side shoot in the range of 30～50cm before extending head, take the lead with the prosperous branch of wall scroll；
(4) fruitful branch is updated: progressively removing the old and the weak's fruitful branch, spacing of selecting and remain is back branch and the vigorous branches of 9～12cm, and will
By the long method putting, drawing branch, back branch and the vigorous branches of reservation being changed into fruitful branch, fruitful branch updates one time for the most every 3 years.
Further, the time of described dormant pruning is that late December is to early Febuary.
Further, the concrete operations of described Summerly pruning are as follows:
A. bud picking: February～March, Japanese plum rudiment or after branching out, erase adnation position bud improperly and clip unwanted
Tender shoots or young sprout；
B. dredge the tip: April～JIUYUE, should remove in time after on young sprout, inflorescence starts to occur thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch, sick branch,
Double bud branches and the branch of excessive growth that cannot act as Second Year renewal；
C. branch is drawn: May～June draw branch to make it be uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction by giving birth to orientation branch improperly；To open a business
Angle ＞ 70 ° or upright prosperous branch are evened up, and the spreading angle keeping major branch is 40～50 °；
Pinching the most repeatedly: April, when branch base portion semi-lignified or shoot a length of 25～35cm, to the most prosperous result
Branch and developmental branch carry out pinching, if secondary germinates after pinching, and continuous pinching；In August, all branches are carried out pinching.
The invention have the advantages that
(1) the inventive method is obvious to Japanese plum fruit yield and quality-improving, uses the present invention to carry out the Japanese plum pruned, bone
Frame is firmly, tree vigo(u)r equalizes, illumination is sufficient, nutrition is concentrated, the growth of reasonable coordination trunk infusion and the relation of reproductive growth, produces
The fruit quality come significantly improves；The light Lee's big fruit ratio simplifying pruning method is used to prune apparently higher than tradition, averagely
Single fruit weight is pruned high by 16.3% than tradition, and single plant yield is high by 10.5%, and soluble solid is pruned than tradition and exceeded 0.8 percentage
Point, fruit yield increases, and quality is significantly improved.
(2) the inventive method significantly improves tree body illumination condition: the tree body that tradition is pruned generally forms outer close interior dilute leaf
Curtain, moves outside setting fruit position, and cella is hollow, ventilation and penetrating light poor-performing, thus causes setting body closing, and pest and disease damage occurs serious.Adopt
The branch group quantity of the tree body reservation gently simplifying pruning by the inventive method is few, and branch group distance is big, the posture of bearing basal shoot
Because the weight of fruit and branch and leaf itself by tiltedly life and uprightly becomes level, trunk infusion growth relaxes, and ventilation and penetrating light performance obtains
Significantly improve.Research shows, simplifies the per day illumination near pruning tree body middle and upper part and middle and lower part fruit and is significantly higher than tradition
Prune, per day illumination reach as high as tradition pruning 2 times, tree body photoenvironment be improved significantly, luminous energy effective rate of utilization
Dramatically increase.
(3) effect of the inventive method cost-saving synergistic highlights: instant invention overcomes current labour force in short supply, Japanese plum production labor
The problem that cost increases, uses Labor-saving, the light mode simplified to prune, and method is simple to operate, is easily mastered, and overcomes biography
The defect that system fine pruning approach application is complicated, take time and effort.Use the method to carry out dormant pruning, prune every strain 5～6 years
Time required for raw Japanese plum is about 50% that tradition is pruned, and the most traditional pruning saving recruitment 1～3 times, the mu amount of labour used saves
Save 1.82 work days, save recruitment cost 146.01 yuan, increase production 356.24kg/ mu for average every mu, only volume increase aspect be increased by through
Ji benefit 2135.01 yuan/mu, Lee's fruit quality improves the economic benefit brought and becomes apparent from, and average selling price increases by 0.5～1
Unit/jin, concrete benefit slightly changes with market price.Visible, the present invention is cost-effective in Japanese plum cultivation management, increases work efficiency and makees
With prominent, economic benefit is greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following institute
State.
Embodiment 1: a kind of Japanese plum gently simplify pruning method, including dormant pruning and Summerly pruning, described dormancy
Phase prune use outer the dilutest interior close, go to force to stay on branch weak, prosperous to take the lead, update the simplification pruning method of fruitful branch, described Summerly pruning
Use bud picking, dredge the tip, draw branch and repeatedly pinching must simplify pruning method.
The time of described dormant pruning is late December to early Febuary, and the concrete operations of dormant pruning are as follows:
(1) the dilutest interior close: the trunk height pruning Japanese plum is 40～50cm, stays three major branches, and major branch spreading angle is 45
～50 °, three major branch distribution azimuths are 110～130 °, and each major branch 2～3 side shoots of configuration, described side shoot extends with major branch
Between line, azimuth is 60～70 °, and side shoot is 30～40cm with trunk, side shoot with side shoot spacing；Pull open major branch and side shoot is peripheral
Extend branch top angle, remove peripheral too much prosperous branch and perennial bough, increase major branch and side shoot behind and both sides branch quantity, internally
Hall thin and delicate branch cutting back at full bud, increases cella branch and leaf amount；
(2) go to force to stay on weak: the prosperous branch removing on major branch and side shoot, remove to the growth of tree crown thorax and 85～95 ° of upright sides
To the branch of growth, retain small and weak branch；
(3) prosperous branch is taken the lead: keep major branch extending head spreading angle be 55～65 °, side shoot extending head spreading angle be 70～
80 °, and do not stay side shoot in the range of 30～50cm before extending head, take the lead with the prosperous branch of wall scroll；
(4) fruitful branch is updated: progressively removing the old and the weak's fruitful branch, spacing of selecting and remain is back branch and the vigorous branches of 9～12cm, and will
By the long method putting, drawing branch, back branch and the vigorous branches of reservation being changed into fruitful branch, fruitful branch updates one time for the most every 3 years.
The concrete operations of described Summerly pruning are as follows:
A. bud picking: February～March, Japanese plum rudiment or after branching out, erase adnation position bud improperly and clip unwanted
Tender shoots or young sprout；
B. dredge the tip: April～JIUYUE, should remove in time after on young sprout, inflorescence starts to occur thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch, sick branch,
Double bud branches and the branch of excessive growth that cannot act as Second Year renewal；
C. branch is drawn: May～June draw branch to make it be uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction by giving birth to orientation branch improperly；To open a business
Angle ＞ 70 ° or upright prosperous branch are evened up, and the spreading angle keeping major branch is 40～50 °；
Pinching the most repeatedly: April, when branch base portion semi-lignified or shoot a length of 25～35cm, to the most prosperous result
Branch and developmental branch carry out pinching, if secondary germinates after pinching, and continuous pinching；In August, all branches are carried out pinching.
Embodiment 2:
1. experiment place and object:
Place: rice seedling bed village, clear spring town, Qingbaijiang District, Sichuan Province, height above sea level 490 meters, subtropical zone, inland moistens monsoon climate, Nian Ping
All temperature 14.9～16.7 DEG C, annual frost-free period 273～279 days, mean annual precipitation is 925.4 millimeters, annual sunshine
1239.1 hour.
Object: test garden area about 5 mu, blue or green crisp Lee 5 of outdoor cropping～6 years raw trees, seeding row spacing 3m × 4.5m, orchard management
Level is medium, and the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school is the most prosperous.
2. experimental technique: above-mentioned object is divided into A, B two groups, A group is experimental group, and B group is matched group, within 2013, starts real
Testing group uses following method to prune, and prunes 3 years continuously: include that dormant pruning and Summerly pruning, described rest period are repaiied
Cut employing outer the dilutest interior close, go to force to stay on branch weak, prosperous to take the lead, update the simplification pruning method of fruitful branch, described Summerly pruning uses
Bud picking, dredge the tip, draw branch and repeatedly pinching must simplify pruning method.
The concrete operations of dormant pruning are as follows:
(1) the dilutest interior close: the trunk height pruning Japanese plum is 40～50cm, stays three major branches, and major branch spreading angle is 45
～50 °, three major branch distribution azimuths are 110～130 °, and each major branch 2～3 side shoots of configuration, described side shoot extends with major branch
Between line, azimuth is 60～70 °, and side shoot is 30～40cm with trunk, side shoot with side shoot spacing；Pull open major branch and side shoot is peripheral
Extend branch top angle, remove peripheral too much prosperous branch and perennial bough, increase major branch and side shoot behind and both sides branch quantity, internally
Hall thin and delicate branch cutting back at full bud, increases cella branch and leaf amount；
(2) go to force to stay on weak: the prosperous branch removing on major branch and side shoot, remove to the growth of tree crown thorax and 85～95 ° of upright sides
To the branch of growth, retain small and weak branch；
(3) prosperous branch is taken the lead: keep major branch extending head spreading angle be 55～65 °, side shoot extending head spreading angle be 70～
80 °, and do not stay side shoot in the range of 30～50cm before extending head, take the lead with the prosperous branch of wall scroll；
(4) fruitful branch is updated: progressively removing the old and the weak's fruitful branch, spacing of selecting and remain is back branch and the vigorous branches of 9～12cm, and will
By the long method putting, drawing branch, back branch and the vigorous branches of reservation being changed into fruitful branch, fruitful branch updates one time for the most every 3 years.
The concrete operations of described Summerly pruning are as follows:
A. bud picking: February～March, Japanese plum rudiment or after branching out, erase adnation position bud improperly and clip unwanted
Tender shoots or young sprout；
B. dredge the tip: April～JIUYUE, should remove in time after on young sprout, inflorescence starts to occur thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch, sick branch,
Double bud branches and the branch of excessive growth that cannot act as Second Year renewal；
C. branch is drawn: May～June draw branch to make it be uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction by giving birth to orientation branch improperly；To open a business
Angle ＞ 70 ° or upright prosperous branch are evened up, and the spreading angle keeping major branch is 40～50 °；
Pinching the most repeatedly: April, when branch base portion semi-lignified or shoot a length of 25～35cm, to the most prosperous result
Branch and developmental branch carry out pinching, if secondary germinates after pinching, and continuous pinching；In August, all branches are carried out pinching.
3. matched group uses tradition pruning method: dormant pruning end of the branch and the same cutting back of middle long fruit branch, and fruit spur do not cuts,
Back bough, sprig remove without exception, and Summerly pruning is except sparse branching, and remaining measure does not uses, remaining cultivation management measure
Identical with experimental group.
4. implementation result:
(1) trim mode impact on Lee's yield and quality: experimental result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1: the trim mode impact on Lee's yield and quality
As shown in Table 1: using Lee's big fruit ratio simplifying pruning to prune apparently higher than tradition, average fruit anharmonic ratio tradition is repaiied
Cutting high by 18.09%, single plant yield improves 9.05%, and mean fruit weight increases 8.7g, and soluble solid is pruned than tradition and exceeded
0.9%, fruit quality is significantly improved.
(2) trim mode impact on Japanese plum illumination: experimental result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2: the trim mode impact on Japanese plum illumination
As shown in Table 2: simplify the per day illumination near pruning tree body middle and upper part and middle and lower part fruit and be significantly higher than tradition
Prune, tree body photoenvironment be improved significantly.
(3) trim mode impact on Japanese plum cost-saving synergistic, experimental result is as shown in table 3:
Table 3: the trim mode impact on Japanese plum cost-saving synergistic
As shown in Table 3: the time that dormant pruning every strain tree needs is about 50% that tradition is pruned, the most traditional pruning
Saving recruitment 1～3 times, the mu amount of labour used saves 1.82 work days, saves recruitment cost 146.01 yuan, can increase meanwhile for average every mu
Produce 356.24kg/ mu, thus increase economic benefit 2135.01 yuan/mu.
Claims (4)
1. a Japanese plum gently simplify pruning method, it is characterised in that include dormant pruning and Summerly pruning, described dormancy
Phase prune use outer the dilutest interior close, go to force to stay on branch weak, prosperous to take the lead, update the simplification pruning method of fruitful branch, described Summerly pruning
Use bud picking, the thin tip, draw branch and the simplification pruning method of pinching repeatedly.
A kind of Japanese plum the most as claimed in claim 1 gently simplify pruning method, it is characterised in that the tool of described dormant pruning
Gymnastics is made as follows:
(1) the dilutest interior close: prune Japanese plum trunk height be 40～50cm, stay three major branches, major branch spreading angle be 45～
50 °, three major branch distribution azimuths are 110～130 °, each major branch 2～3 side shoots of configuration, described side shoot and major branch extended line
Between azimuth be 60～70 °, side shoot and trunk, side shoot are 30～40cm with side shoot spacing；Pull open major branch and side shoot periphery is prolonged
Long branch top angle, removes peripheral too much prosperous branch and perennial bough, increases major branch and side shoot behind and both sides branch quantity, to cella
Thin and delicate branch is cutting back at full bud, increases cella branch and leaf amount；
(2) go to force to stay on weak: the prosperous branch removing on major branch and side shoot, remove to the growth of tree crown thorax and 85～95 ° of vertical directions raw
Long branch, retains small and weak branch；
(3) prosperous branch is taken the lead: keeping major branch extending head spreading angle is 55～65 °, and side shoot extending head spreading angle is 70～80 °,
And do not stay side shoot in the range of 30～50cm before extending head, take the lead with the prosperous branch of wall scroll；
(4) fruitful branch is updated: progressively removing the old and the weak's fruitful branch, spacing of selecting and remain is back branch and the vigorous branches of 9～12cm, and will pass through
Back branch and the vigorous branches of reservation are changed into fruitful branch by the long method putting, drawing branch, and fruitful branch updates one time for the most every 3 years.
A kind of Japanese plum the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2 gently simplify pruning method, it is characterised in that described dormant pruning
Time be that late December is to early Febuary.
A kind of Japanese plum the most as claimed in claim 1 gently simplify pruning method, it is characterised in that the tool of described Summerly pruning
Gymnastics is made as follows:
A. bud picking: February～March, Japanese plum rudiment or after branching out, erase adnation position bud improperly and the unwanted tender shoots of clip
Or young sprout；
B. dredge the tip: April～JIUYUE, thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch, sick branch, double should be removed after inflorescence starts to occur on young sprout in time
Bud branch and the branch of excessive growth that cannot act as Second Year renewal；
C. branch is drawn: May～June draw branch to make it be uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction by giving birth to orientation branch improperly；By spreading angle
The prosperous branch of ＞ 70 ° or upright is evened up, and the spreading angle keeping major branch is 40～50 °；
Pinching the most repeatedly: April, when branch base portion semi-lignified or shoot a length of 25～35cm, to the most prosperous fruitful branch and
Developmental branch carries out pinching, if secondary germinates after pinching, and continuous pinching；In August, all branches are carried out pinching.
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| CN109588203A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-09 | 遵义师范学院 | A kind of cultural method of Japanese plum bearing basal shoot group |
| CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
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| CN107616056A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-23 | 胡江宇 | A kind of implantation methods of Japanese plum |
| CN108925335A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-12-04 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of masson pine plantation maternal plant dwarfing technology |
| CN109588203A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-09 | 遵义师范学院 | A kind of cultural method of Japanese plum bearing basal shoot group |
| CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
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