CN111543243A - Ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving quality of green plums - Google Patents
Ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving quality of green plums Download PDFInfo
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- CN111543243A CN111543243A CN202010485636.5A CN202010485636A CN111543243A CN 111543243 A CN111543243 A CN 111543243A CN 202010485636 A CN202010485636 A CN 202010485636A CN 111543243 A CN111543243 A CN 111543243A
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- 235000021018 plums Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000018626 Melamphaidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to an ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving the quality of green plums.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation science, in particular to an ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving the quality of green plums.
Background
The tree form is the basis of high-yield and high-quality cultivation of green plums, in the production process of the green plums, a reasonable labor-saving planting mode and a shaping and trimming method need to be adopted for the green plum trees to enable the trees to form a high-yield and high-quality structure as soon as possible, the traditional multi-main-branch tree form easily causes the fruit part to move outwards, the inner chamber is empty and deficient, and further, the yield and the quality are reduced, and the orchard is closed; in addition, the evacuation layering shape also has the defects of complex hierarchical structure, high management difficulty and slow result, and the two tree shapes have the defect of unsuitability for mechanized cultivation. Through the improvement of the planting mode and the shaping and trimming method, the tree body structure is more reasonable, the high yield and the high quality of the premature products are achieved, meanwhile, the management and the operation are simple, the large-area mechanical measures are easy to adopt, the technology is simple, fruit growers can easily master, and the green plum cultivation technology is easier to implement, labor-saving and easy to simplify.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving the quality of green plums, and solves the problems of late result, low yield, difficult management and more labor in the traditional green plum cultivation process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving the quality of green plums comprises the following three stages:
the first stage is as follows:
(1) ridging: selecting wide furrows for ridging, wherein the width of each ridge is 2.0m, the height of each ridge is 0.3m, the width of each furrow is 2.5-3.0 m, and the ridges are covered with ground cloth;
(2) early and heavy base fertilizer application: fertilizing in planting furrows, and applying fertilizers in the first two years growth period in one time, wherein the amount of organic fertilizers used per mu is more than 4000kg, so that the annual additional fertilizers and base fertilizers in the growth stage are reduced;
(3) density: the row spacing of the cultivation is 4.5-5.0 m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m.
And a second stage: shaping of
After field planting, Y-shaped shaping and trimming are carried out on two main branches in different positions, and double crosses are erected at the ridge heads of field planting rows for branch binding and shaping and dropper equipment hanging for the sake of branch attractiveness and convenient fertilizer and water integration;
the Y-shaped plastic pruning comprises the following stages:
planting: selecting first-class seedlings with the thickness of more than 0.8mm and the height of more than 1 meter, and then planting the first-class seedlings on ridges for autumn or spring before sprouting;
a dry stage: after planting, timely drying the seedlings, wherein the height of the dried seedlings is 50cm from the ground at the cut, and more than 5 plump buds are guaranteed to be arranged in 15cm below the cut;
and thirdly, determining a main branch stage: when the bud below the cut is germinated to form a new shoot, when the length exceeds 30cm, selecting two new shoots with excellent growth vigor and opposite directions as main branches for cultivation, wherein the distance between the two main branches is required to be staggered by more than 10cm, removing the new shoots competing with the growth of the main branches, reserving 2-3 auxiliary shoots as auxiliary culture branches, and adopting tip twisting control, namely twisting the new shoots by hands at a position 5-8 cm away from the base of the new shoots to enable the new shoots to be flat or droop so as to enable 2 main branches to grow vigorously, keeping the main branches outside the vigorous growth of the extended branches, generally removing the upright or oblique vigorous branches on the back, and controlling the growth of the other branches by adopting a pinching method to assist the culture of a tree body;
fourthly, main branch culture stage: the two main branches are Y-shaped, the trunk height is 30-40cm, and the opening angle of the two main branches is 45-55 degrees.
And a third stage: pruning
Trimming in the first year: and (3) pruning in a growing season, when two main branches grow to 60cm, binding the two main branches to a first cross line, repeatedly pinching the main branches when the auxiliary tips of the two main branches grow to 20-30 cm, or softening the branches to enable the auxiliary tips to be horizontal or slightly droop, pruning the main branches by winter pruning in the first year, and reserving external buds or lateral buds to keep the angles of the main branches, wherein the rest branches are all thinned out, so that the 2 main branches grow robustly in the next year.
And (3) trimming in the second year: pruning in a growing season, after the buds of the subsidiary branches germinate, wiping off the buds on the back and excessive dense branch strips, keeping the distance between the base parts of the young shoots on the same side at 15-20 cm, taking the 1 st bud under a cut as an extension head, binding the buds on a second cross line when the distance reaches 40-50 cm, simultaneously performing pinching to promote the growth of the subsidiary branches, thinning the vertical subsidiary branches, twisting the oblique subsidiary branches when the oblique subsidiary branches are 25-30 cm, thinning other young shoots vertically except the young shoot of the 1 st bud, performing tip twisting and pinching control on the oblique and lateral branches to form a small fruiting branch group, wherein the cut length of the extension head of the main branch is 50-70 cm, the 1 st bud is provided with an external bud or a lateral bud, the other branches with buds are not longer than 50cm and are not cut or 8-10 pairs of buds are provided, the branches without buds are thinned in principle, and a space is provided with 2-3 bud cuts.
Pruning in the 3 rd year: at the moment, a tree body framework is basically formed, cultivation and updating pruning of bearing branches are mainly carried out, excessive young shoots are thinned in 5-6 months, the distance between the base parts of the young shoots on the same side is kept to be 10-15 cm, the lower parts of crowns are provided with flower buds, fruit branches are pressed to basically form the young shoots, when the young shoots grow to be 30-40cm, pinching is carried out, growth of subsidiary shoots is promoted, or tip twisting control is adopted, the young shoots do not move in growth condition, so that the flower buds are formed, paclobutrazol or PBO technology is sprayed in 7-8 months to control vigorous growth and promote flowering, upright bare branches are thinned in 8-9 months, a light path is opened, trees with ideal height are not reached, main branch heads on the upper parts of the crowns are continued to be pruned, the lengths are 50-70 cm, pruning is carried out lightly, the bearing branches are grown and naturally droop after the bearing, renewal branches are promoted to be sent out at the rear parts, retraction and updating is carried out when pruning is carried out in winter.
Preferably, in the second stage, two ends of the double-cross frame are fixedly bound with steel wires, the height of the double-cross frame is 2.5 meters, the sizes of the two cross frames are respectively 0.6 meter wide, 1 meter high, 1.3 meters wide and 1.5 meters high, the top end of the double-cross frame is connected with a micro-nozzle system, nozzles are arranged according to the plant spacing, and each nozzle is arranged between two plants.
The cultivation technology adopted by the invention has the beneficial effects that the row spacing of planting is large, ventilation and light transmission are realized, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, the fruit commodity rate and the high-quality fruit rate are also greatly improved, early application and multiple application of base fertilizers are emphasized, the premature high yield and stable yield of the plum trees are promoted, the tree age in the full bearing period of the green plums is prolonged, the mechanical operation can be adopted for field weeding, fertilization, watering, pesticide spraying, fruit picking and other operations, the labor and labor of the plum orchard are reduced, the working efficiency is also greatly improved, meanwhile, when the whole orchard and other field operations are pruned, fruit growers do not need to surround the tree bodies, bend over to climb the trees and the like, and the labor intensity and risks are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a double cross configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a Y-shaped main branch structure of an ectopic two main branches according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the integral planting of the orchard garden of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The method comprises the following three steps:
the first stage is as follows:
(1) ridging: selecting wide furrows for ridging, wherein the width of each ridge is 2.0m, the height of each ridge is 0.3m, the width of each furrow is 2.5-3.0 m, and the ridges are covered with ground cloth;
(2) early and heavy base fertilizer application: fertilizing in planting furrows, and applying fertilizers in the first two years growth period in one time, wherein the amount of organic fertilizers used per mu is more than 4000kg, so that the annual additional fertilizers and base fertilizers in the growth stage are reduced;
(3) density: the row spacing of the cultivation is 4.5-5.0 m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m.
And a second stage: shaping of
After field planting, Y-shaped shaping and trimming are carried out on two main branches in different positions, and double crosses are erected at the ridge heads of field planting rows for branch binding and shaping and dropper equipment hanging for the sake of branch attractiveness and convenient fertilizer and water integration;
the Y-shaped pruning of the two ectopic main branches comprises the following stages:
planting: selecting first-class seedlings with the thickness of more than 0.8mm and the height of more than 1 meter, and then planting the first-class seedlings on ridges for autumn or spring before sprouting;
a dry stage: after planting, timely drying the seedlings, wherein the height of the dried seedlings is 50cm from the ground at the cut, and more than 5 plump buds are guaranteed to be arranged in 15cm below the cut;
and thirdly, determining a main branch stage: when the bud below the cut germinates into a new shoot, when the length exceeds 30cm, selecting two new shoots with excellent growth vigor and opposite directions as main branches for cultivation, wherein the distance between the two main branches is required to be staggered by more than 10cm and less than 20cm, thinning the new shoots competing with the growth of the main branches, reserving 2-3 auxiliary shoots as auxiliary cultivation branches, and adopting tip twisting control, namely twisting the new shoots by hands at a position 5-8 cm away from the base of the new shoots to enable the new shoots to be flat or droop so as to enable 2 main branches to grow vigorously, keeping the main branches to extend vigorously and thinning out, keeping upright or obliquely growing vigorous branches on the back and thinning out, and adopting a pinching method to control the growth of the other branches and supporting trees;
fourthly, main branch culture stage: the two main branches are in a staggered Y shape integrally, the trunk height is 30-40cm, and the opening angle of the two main branches is 45-55 degrees.
And a third stage: pruning
Trimming in the first year: and (3) pruning in a growing season, when two main branches grow to 60cm, binding the two main branches to a first cross line, repeatedly pinching the main branches when the auxiliary tips of the two main branches grow to 20-30 cm, or softening the branches to enable the auxiliary tips to be horizontal or slightly droop, pruning the main branches by winter pruning in the first year, and reserving external buds or lateral buds to keep the angles of the main branches, wherein the rest branches are all thinned out, so that the 2 main branches grow robustly in the next year.
And (3) trimming in the second year: pruning in a growing season, after the buds of the subsidiary branches germinate, wiping off the buds on the back and excessive dense branch strips, keeping the distance between the base parts of the young shoots on the same side at 15-20 cm, taking the 1 st bud under a cut as an extension head, binding the buds on a second cross line when the distance reaches 40-50 cm, simultaneously performing pinching to promote the growth of the subsidiary branches, thinning the vertical subsidiary branches, twisting the oblique subsidiary branches when the oblique subsidiary branches are 25-30 cm, thinning other young shoots vertically except the young shoot of the 1 st bud, performing tip twisting and pinching control on the oblique and lateral branches to form a small fruiting branch group, wherein the cut length of the extension head of the main branch is 50-70 cm, the 1 st bud is provided with an external bud or a lateral bud, the other branches with buds are not longer than 50cm and are not cut or 8-10 pairs of buds are provided, the branches without buds are thinned in principle, and a space is provided with 2-3 bud cuts.
Pruning in the 3 rd year: at the moment, a tree body framework is basically formed, cultivation and updating pruning of bearing branches are mainly carried out, excessive young shoots are thinned in 5-6 months, the distance between the base parts of the young shoots on the same side is kept to be 10-15 cm, the lower parts of crowns are provided with flower buds, fruit branches are pressed to basically form the young shoots, when the young shoots grow to be 30-40cm, pinching is carried out, growth of subsidiary shoots is promoted, or tip twisting control is adopted, the young shoots do not move in growth condition, so that the flower buds are formed, paclobutrazol or PBO technology is sprayed in 7-8 months to control vigorous growth and promote flowering, upright bare branches are thinned in 8-9 months, a light path is opened, trees with ideal height are not reached, main branch heads on the upper parts of the crowns are continued to be pruned, the lengths are 50-70 cm, pruning is carried out lightly, the bearing branches are grown and naturally droop after the bearing, renewal branches are promoted to be sent out at the rear parts, retraction and updating is carried out when pruning is carried out in winter.
In the second stage, two ends of a double cross are fixedly bound with steel wires, the height of the double cross is 2.5 meters, the sizes of the two crosses are respectively 0.6 meter wide, 1 meter high, 1.3 meter wide and 1.5 meter high, the top end of the double cross is connected with a micro-jet system, nozzles are arranged according to the plant distance, and each nozzle is arranged between two plants. In the third stage, the pruning is mainly carried out by adopting a single branch updating method, so that the small bearing branches of the two main branches are arranged unchanged in a shark fin shape every year, the thinning or tip twisting control is carried out on the newly grown spindly branches in time, when the thickness of the branches on the two main branches exceeds one third of that of the main branches, the growth of the branches is controlled, and the thinning is carried out when necessary, so that the trees with strong growth vigor are easily cut, and the trees with more bearing fruits are obtained as much as possible.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving the quality of green plums is characterized by comprising the following three stages:
the first stage is as follows:
(1) ridging: selecting wide furrows for ridging, wherein the width of each ridge is 2.0m, the height of each ridge is 0.3m, the width of each furrow is 2.5-3.0 m, and the ridges are covered with ground cloth;
(2) early and heavy base fertilizer application: fertilizing in planting furrows, and applying fertilizers in the first two years growth period in one time, wherein the amount of organic fertilizers used per mu is more than 4000kg, so that the annual additional fertilizers and base fertilizers in the growth stage are reduced;
(3) density: the row spacing of the cultivation is 4.5-5.0 m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2 m.
And a second stage: shaping of
After field planting, Y-shaped shaping and trimming are carried out on two main branches in different positions, and double crosses are erected at the ridge heads of field planting rows for branch binding and shaping and dropper equipment hanging for the sake of branch neatness and fertilizer and water integration convenience;
the Y-shaped pruning of the two ectopic main branches comprises the following stages:
planting: selecting first-class seedlings with the thickness of more than 0.8mm and the height of more than 1 meter, and then planting the first-class seedlings on ridges for autumn or spring before sprouting;
a dry stage: after planting, timely drying the seedlings, wherein the height of the dried seedlings is 50cm from the ground at the cut, and more than 5 plump buds are guaranteed to be arranged in 15cm below the cut;
and thirdly, determining a main branch stage: when the bud below the cut germinates into a new shoot, when the length exceeds 30cm, selecting two new shoots with excellent growth vigor and opposite directions as main branches for culturing, wherein the distance between the two main branches is required to be staggered by more than 10cm and less than 20cm in order to prevent splitting, thinning the new shoots competing with the growth of the main branches, reserving 2-3 auxiliary shoots as auxiliary culture shoots, and adopting tip twisting control, namely twisting the new shoots by hands at a position 5-8 cm away from the base of the new shoots to enable the new shoots to be flat or droop so as to enable 2 main branches to grow vigorously, keeping the main branches outside the vigorous growth of the prolonged branches, thinning the upright or oblique vigorous branches on the back, and controlling the growth of the other shoots by adopting a pinching method to realize auxiliary culture of trees;
fourthly, main branch culture stage: the two main branches are Y-shaped, the trunk height is 30-40cm, and the opening angle of the two main branches is 45-55 degrees.
And a third stage: pruning
Trimming in the first year: and (3) pruning in a growing season, when two main branches grow to 60cm, binding the two main branches to a first cross line, repeatedly pinching the main branches when the auxiliary tips of the two main branches grow to 20-30 cm, or softening the branches to enable the auxiliary tips to be horizontal or slightly droop, pruning the main branches by winter pruning in the first year, and reserving external buds or lateral buds to keep the angles of the main branches, wherein the rest branches are all thinned out, so that the 2 main branches grow robustly in the next year.
And (3) trimming in the second year: pruning in a growing season, after the buds of the subsidiary branches germinate, wiping off the buds on the back and excessive dense branch strips, keeping the distance between the base parts of the young shoots on the same side at 15-20 cm, taking the 1 st bud under a cut as an extension head, binding the buds on a second cross line when the distance reaches 40-50 cm, simultaneously performing pinching to promote the growth of the subsidiary branches, thinning the vertical subsidiary branches, twisting the oblique subsidiary branches when the oblique subsidiary branches are 25-30 cm, thinning other young shoots vertically except the young shoot of the 1 st bud, performing tip twisting and pinching control on the oblique and lateral branches to form a small fruiting branch group, wherein the cut length of the extension head of the main branch is 50-70 cm, the 1 st bud is provided with an external bud or a lateral bud, the other branches with buds are not longer than 50cm and are not cut or 8-10 pairs of buds are provided, the branches without buds are thinned in principle, and a space is provided with 2-3 bud cuts.
Pruning in the 3 rd year: at the moment, a tree body framework is basically formed, cultivation and updating pruning of bearing branches are mainly carried out, excessive young shoots are thinned in 5-6 months, the distance between the base parts of the young shoots on the same side is kept to be 10-15 cm, the lower parts of crowns are provided with flower buds, fruit branches are pressed to basically form the young shoots, when the young shoots grow to be 30-40cm, pinching is carried out, growth of subsidiary shoots is promoted, or tip twisting control is adopted, the young shoots do not move in growth condition, so that the flower buds are formed, paclobutrazol or PBO technology is sprayed in 7-8 months to control vigorous growth and promote flowering, upright bare branches are thinned in 8-9 months, a light path is opened, trees with ideal height are not reached, main branch heads on the upper parts of the crowns are continued to be pruned, the lengths are 50-70 cm, pruning is carried out lightly, the bearing branches are grown and naturally droop after the bearing, renewal branches are promoted to be sent out at the rear parts, retraction and updating is carried out when pruning is carried out in winter.
2. The Y-shaped cultivation method for the ectopic two main branches for improving the quality of the green plums as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second stage, two crosses with both ends fixedly bound with steel wires are erected at a height of 2.5 m, the two crosses have the sizes of 0.6 m wide, 1 m high, 1.3 m wide and 1.5 m high respectively, the top ends of the two crosses are connected with a micro-jet system, and jets are arranged according to plant spacing and are arranged between two plants.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112544272A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 常州市金坛区蚕桑技术指导站 | Y-shaped pruning and trimming technology for fruit mulberry |
| CN113475291A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-08 | 国家林业和草原局泡桐研究开发中心 | Tree form management method for maintaining light and simplified production of persimmons |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112544272A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 常州市金坛区蚕桑技术指导站 | Y-shaped pruning and trimming technology for fruit mulberry |
| CN112544272B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-05-03 | 常州市金坛区蚕桑技术指导站 | Y-shaped pruning and trimming method for fruit mulberry |
| CN113475291A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-08 | 国家林业和草原局泡桐研究开发中心 | Tree form management method for maintaining light and simplified production of persimmons |
| CN113475291B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-10-20 | 中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所 | Tree-shaped management method for maintaining persimmon light and simplified production |
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Application publication date: 20200818 |