CN110226468B - Seedling raising method and planting method for open-field strawberries suitable for cold areas - Google Patents
Seedling raising method and planting method for open-field strawberries suitable for cold areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN110226468B CN110226468B CN201910665153.0A CN201910665153A CN110226468B CN 110226468 B CN110226468 B CN 110226468B CN 201910665153 A CN201910665153 A CN 201910665153A CN 110226468 B CN110226468 B CN 110226468B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
Abstract
The invention provides a seedling raising method and a planting method for outdoor strawberries suitable for cold areas, belonging to the technical field of strawberry planting, wherein the seedling raising method comprises the following steps: 1) binding the stolon seedlings of the open-field strawberries to obtain bound seedlings; 2) laying a layer of plastic greenhouse film on the ground, immersing the base parts of the bound seedlings obtained in the step 1) into 500 times of liquid and Haesi plus solution, then placing the base parts on the greenhouse film, tightly adhering the bound seedlings without gaps, and carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment on the placed bound seedlings. By adopting the seedling raising method provided by the invention, the stem pressing of the leading vines is not needed, the white roots can grow in about 6-10 days, and the root length is 2-4 cm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry planting, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method and a planting method for outdoor strawberries suitable for cold areas.
Background
Strawberry belongs to berry fruits, is attractive in appearance, delicious and juicy, sour, sweet, delicious, aromatic in flavor, high in nutritional value and strong in health care function, and is called as 'fruit queen'. In cold regions, the open field strawberries are generally planted once in three years and can be used for fresh food picking and selling or raw material supply of processed products. In recent years, the demand for individually quick-frozen strawberries has increased year by year, the import of the frozen strawberries has also increased, and the strawberry extract can also be used as a high-grade raw material for cosmetics. The method for planting the open-field strawberries in the cold area has the characteristics of small investment, convenient management, almost no pest and disease damage and capability of realizing safe, harmless and green production. With the development of the processing industry, the open field strawberries can expand the planting area.
At present, the method for breeding the stolon seedlings in the field is mostly adopted for seedling culture in the cold area, snow melting temperature in spring in the cold area can be raised back, the planting time of seedlings is late, so that the stolon generation time is late, the seedling breeding coefficient is low, most stolon cannot be rooted and is wasted, the stems must be pressed by leading tendrils, the seedlings can smoothly prick the roots into the soil, and the occupied ground force space is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising method and a planting method for outdoor strawberries suitable for cold areas, wherein the seedling raising method provided by the invention does not need to press stems by leading vines, white roots can grow in about 6-10 days, and the root length is 2-4 cm.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a seedling raising method of outdoor strawberries suitable for cold areas, which comprises the following steps:
1) binding the stolon seedlings of the open-field strawberries to obtain bound seedlings;
2) laying a layer of plastic greenhouse film on the ground, immersing the base parts of the bound seedlings obtained in the step 1) into 500 times of liquid and Haesi plus solution, then placing the base parts on the greenhouse film, tightly adhering the bound seedlings without gaps, and carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment on the placed bound seedlings.
Preferably, the selection criteria of the stolon seedlings in the step 1) include: has more than 4 unfolded leaves without root prickling, root buds at the base part and no plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, every 45-55 stolon seedlings are bound into 1 bundle in the step 1).
Preferably, the ground is a flat cement ground.
Preferably, one side of the cement floor is provided with a wall.
Preferably, the number of layers for binding the seedlings in the step 2) is 1.
Preferably, the heat-preserving treatment includes: and placing the bound seedlings on the shady side of the wall, surrounding the base parts of the bound seedlings on the outermost periphery by using a shed film, blocking a wood board outside the shed film, and lapping the raised shed film outside the wood board.
Preferably, clear water is sprayed to the bound seedlings every morning, water drops are hung on the leaves, and water can flow into the bases of the seedlings to play a role in moisturizing.
The invention also provides a planting method of strawberry seedlings, which comprises the following steps: and (3) dripping the strawberry seedlings on the ridge surfaces for planting the strawberries thoroughly, and inserting the roots of the strawberries into the soil by adopting a seedling transplanting method for the strawberry seedlings obtained by adopting the seedling culture method in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the method of rice transplanting comprises: a finger was inserted into the soil pressing the root of the strawberry seedling.
The invention provides a seedling raising method and a planting method for outdoor strawberries suitable for cold areas, wherein the seedling raising method comprises the following steps: 1) binding the stolon seedlings of the open-field strawberries to obtain bound seedlings; 2) laying a layer of plastic greenhouse film on the ground, immersing the base parts of the bound seedlings obtained in the step 1) into 500 times of liquid and Haesi plus solution, then placing the base parts on the greenhouse film, tightly adhering the bound seedlings without gaps, and carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment on the placed bound seedlings. By adopting the seedling raising method provided by the invention, the stem pressing of the leading vines is not needed, the white roots can grow in about 6-10 days, and the root length is 2-4 cm.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a seedling raising method for outdoor strawberries suitable for cold areas, which comprises the following steps: 1) binding the stolon seedlings of the open-field strawberries to obtain bound seedlings; 2) laying a layer of plastic greenhouse film on the ground, immersing the base parts of the bound seedlings obtained in the step 1) into 500 times of liquid and Haesi plus solution, then placing the base parts on the greenhouse film, tightly adhering the bound seedlings without gaps, and carrying out heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment on the placed bound seedlings.
In the invention, the cold area refers to the northern area of China, and the area with snowfall in winter and the air temperature below minus 10 ℃.
According to the method, stolon seedlings of outdoor strawberries are bound to obtain bound seedlings.
In the present invention, the selection criteria of the stolon seedlings preferably include: has more than 4 unfolded leaves without root prickling, root buds at the base part and no plant diseases and insect pests. The present invention preferably shears the stolon seedlings from the mother plant using scissors. In the present invention, the shearing time of the stolon seedlings is preferably from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months per year. According to the invention, every 45-55 stolons are preferably bound into 1 bundle, and more preferably every 50 stolons are bound into 1 bundle.
According to the invention, a layer of plastic greenhouse film is laid on the ground, the obtained base parts of the bound seedlings are immersed in 500 times of liquid and Haesi plus solution, then the base parts are placed on the greenhouse film, no gap is left between every two bound seedlings, and the placed bound seedlings are subjected to heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment.
The greenhouse film is not particularly limited, and the greenhouse film can be used conventionally.
In the invention, the Haesi plus has a promoting effect on strawberry rooting, and the base part for binding the seedlings is preferably immersed into 500 times of the Haesi plus solution for 4-6 s, is quickly taken out and can bring water to the greenhouse film.
In the present invention, the floor is preferably a flat cement floor having a wall on one side and no wall on the other. In the present invention, the wall-faced concrete floor is preferably selected in a leeward place.
In the invention, the number of layers for placing the bound seedlings is preferably 1.
In the present invention, the heat-retaining treatment preferably includes: the binding seedlings are placed on the shady side of the wall, the base portions of the binding seedlings on the outermost periphery are surrounded by a shed film, a wood board is covered outside the shed film, the raised shed film is laid outside the wood board, the shed film is not covered on the binding seedlings, the binding seedlings are placed on the shady side of the wall, solar radiation can be reduced, the thickness of the wood board is preferably 1-2 cm, and the number of layers of the wood board is preferably 1. The source and the type of the greenhouse film are not particularly limited, and the greenhouse film can be prepared by adopting the conventional method. The height, the shielding method and the like of the wood board are not specially limited, and the wood board can be used conventionally in the field, so that the heat preservation effect is achieved. The invention utilizes the cold weather in winter, the seedlings are squeezed together, the phenomenon of rotting can not occur, the temperature condition suitable for rooting is created, the rapid operation of soaking the base part with the solution can bring some water onto the greenhouse film, and the base part is always in a moist state, thereby ensuring the water requirement for rooting. The invention preferably sprays clear water to the bound seedlings every morning, the leaves hang water drops, and water flows into the base parts of the seedlings to play a role in moisturizing.
The method provided by the invention can be used for growing the white roots within 6-10 days, and the root length is 2-4 cm.
The invention also provides a planting method of strawberry seedlings, which comprises the following steps: and (3) dripping the strawberry seedlings on the ridge surfaces for planting the strawberries thoroughly, and inserting the roots of the strawberries into the soil by adopting a seedling transplanting method for the strawberry seedlings obtained by adopting the seedling culture method in the technical scheme.
The arrangement of the ridges is not particularly limited, and the strawberries are planted conventionally.
The planting field for planting the strawberry seedlings is not particularly limited, the land blocks where garlic is planted in previous crops are preferably adopted, and the garlic can sterilize and disinfect soil after being planted, so that the steps of specially using agents such as dazomet, lime nitrogen and the like for disinfection are reduced, and the planting cost is reduced by using the optimal crop rotation and stubble reversing mode.
The strawberry seedlings are preferably planted from the beginning of 10 months to the middle of 10 months. And (4) treating the strawberry by adopting a conventional planting land treatment method before planting.
In the present invention, the method of the rice transplanting type preferably comprises: a finger was inserted into the soil pressing the root of the strawberry seedling. In the invention, the strawberry seedlings are preferably planted in a delta shape on two sides of the drip irrigation zone according to the planting distance of 20-25 cm.
In the prior art, the open field strawberry is planted by using a small shovel in a soil wet state, so that a digging and burying process is carried out, the root of a seedling must be tightly sealed, the root is covered by soil, wind cannot penetrate, and the core of the seedling is kept exposed to the outside and is level to the soil. Water is immediately poured after the planting, and soil sinking may be caused in the dripping process, so that the phenomenon of root exposure and ventilation is caused. The method preferably comprises the steps of watering the field planting land blocks thoroughly, then inserting the roots of the strawberries into the moist soil in a seedling transplanting mode with one finger pressing the roots, so that the method is simple and convenient to operate, greatly improves the planting speed, and does not need to worry about ventilation.
The invention has no special limitation on the later management of the strawberry seedlings, and can be realized by adopting a conventional method for managing the strawberry seedlings.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A strawberry seedling raising method and a strawberry planting method for strawberries in cold areas are as follows:
(1) obtaining the strawberry stolon seedlings: at the end of 9 months, selecting creeping stem seedlings with more than 4 unfolded leaves, no root pricked and root buds without diseases and insect pests at the base parts in a seedling field of Dasai strawberry variety, cutting off the creeping stem seedlings by using scissors, bundling 50 strains, and well binding. The seedlings with roots in the early stage can be directly dug and bound well. The seedlings are densely planted, the stems do not need to be pressed by leading vines, the seedlings naturally grow, are normally managed, and the growth of the seedlings is promoted. Most of stolons occurring in the early stage can be naturally rooted, and stolons in the later stage are not rooted due to limitation of space and late time, so that the waste of seedlings is often caused, and the stolons can be effectively utilized by the method.
(2) Selecting a seedling raising place: the method comprises the steps of selecting a flat cement ground, placing the cement ground close to a wall and on the lee side, paving a layer of plastic shed film on the ground, immersing the base parts of the bound creeping stem seedlings into 500 times of liquid and sea water added solution for 5s, quickly fishing out, arranging and arranging the bundles of creeping stem seedlings from the wall side, arranging a layer of the whole ground, tightly adhering the bundles to the bundles without leaving gaps, placing the bundles on the back shade surface of the wall to reduce solar irradiation, surrounding the base parts of the outermost periphery seedlings with the shed film, blocking a wood board outside the shed film, and putting the raised shed film outside the wood board to play a role in heat preservation.
(3) Rooting: in cold weather in winter, seedlings are squeezed together, the phenomenon of rotting cannot occur, a temperature condition suitable for rooting is created, the base part is soaked in water, some water can be brought onto a greenhouse film, the base part is always in a wet state, and therefore the water requirement for rooting is guaranteed. Spraying clear water to the bound seedlings every morning, hanging water drops on the leaves, and enabling water to flow into the base parts of the seedlings to play a role in moisturizing. The white roots can grow in 6-10 days, and the root length is 2-4 cm.
(4) Selecting a planting land block: the planting land with garlic as the previous crop is selected, and the garlic can sterilize and disinfect soil after being planted, so that the steps of specially using medicaments such as dazomet, lime nitrogen and the like for sterilization are reduced, and the planting cost is reduced by utilizing the optimal crop rotation and stubble reversing mode.
(5) Planting: in the middle-upper 10 th month, organic fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting mode, rotary tillage, ridging and drip irrigation tape pulling are carried out according to conventional open field strawberry planting, the whole ridge surface is completely dripped before planting, then planting is carried out in a delta shape on two sides of the drip irrigation tape according to the plant spacing of 22cm, seedling transplanting is adopted, one finger presses the roots, and the roots of the strawberries are inserted into moist soil. According to the weather conditions, the ridge surface is dripped thoroughly before the soil is frozen, strawberry seedlings can be quickly frozen in the soil along with the change of the weather, the strawberries are afraid of wind, and the strawberries can safely live through the winter after snowfall and coverage. In cold weather in winter, the worm eggs in the soil can be frozen to death, and the effect of reducing plant diseases and insect pests is achieved.
(6) And (3) seedling revival and growth: after the snow melts in the spring of the next year, mulching films are covered on ridge surfaces of the strawberries, the soil moisture is preserved, the temperature is preserved, the strawberries are prevented from being blown off, the vitality of the strawberry seedlings is gradually restored, and the strawberries begin to germinate when the ground temperature reaches 5 ℃. With the gradual rise of the air temperature, the film can be broken to release air, and when the air temperature reaches 15 ℃, the mulching film is removed.
(7) Leaf cutting treatment: the open field strawberries are cut at the bottom of 9 months, leaves are raked out of the ground to be intensively cleaned, the occurrence of dead leaves and plant diseases and insect pests in the next year can be effectively reduced, and the germination of new leaves in spring is facilitated.
Example 2
A strawberry seedling raising method and a strawberry planting method for strawberries in cold areas are as follows:
(1) obtaining the strawberry stolon seedlings: at the beginning of 10 months, selecting creeping stem seedlings with more than 4 unfolded leaves, no root pricked and root buds without diseases and insect pests at the base parts in a seedling field with the strawberry variety Hani, cutting off the creeping stem seedlings by using scissors, bundling 45 plants, and well binding. The seedlings with roots in the early stage can be directly dug and bound well. The seedlings are densely planted, the stems do not need to be pressed by leading vines, the seedlings naturally grow, are normally managed, and the growth of the seedlings is promoted. Most of stolons occurring in the early stage can be naturally rooted, and stolons in the later stage are not rooted due to limitation of space and late time, so that the waste of seedlings is often caused, and the stolons can be effectively utilized by the method.
(2) Selecting a seedling raising place: the method comprises the steps of selecting a flat cement ground, placing the cement ground close to a wall and on the lee side, paving a layer of plastic mulching film on the ground, immersing the base parts of the tied creeping stem seedlings into 500 times of liquid-sea-thought force and solution for 5s, quickly fishing out the solutions, arranging the bundles of creeping stem seedlings from the wall side, arranging a layer of plastic mulching film on the whole ground, tightly attaching the bundles of creeping stem seedlings to the bundles without leaving gaps, placing the bundles of creeping stem seedlings on the back shade side of the wall to reduce solar irradiation, surrounding the base parts of outermost periphery seedlings with a shed film, blocking the outside of the shed film with a wood board, and putting the raised shed film outside the wood board to play a role in heat preservation.
(3) Rooting: in cold weather in winter, seedlings are squeezed together, the phenomenon of rotting is avoided, a temperature condition suitable for rooting is created, the base part is soaked in water, some water can be brought onto the mulching film, the base part is always in a wet state, and therefore the water requirement for rooting is guaranteed. Spraying clear water to the bound seedlings every morning, hanging water drops on the leaves, and enabling water to flow into the base parts of the seedlings to play a role in moisturizing. The white roots can grow in 6-10 days, and the root length is 2-4 cm.
(4) Selecting a planting land block: the planting land with garlic as the previous crop is selected, and the garlic can sterilize and disinfect soil after being planted, so that the steps of specially using medicaments such as dazomet, lime nitrogen and the like for sterilization are reduced, and the planting cost is reduced by utilizing the optimal crop rotation and stubble reversing mode.
(5) Planting: in 10-month middle ten days, applying organic fertilizer, rotary tillage, ridging and pulling a drip irrigation tape according to the conventional open field strawberry planting, completely dripping the whole ridge surface before planting, then planting in a delta shape at two sides of the drip irrigation tape according to the plant spacing of 25cm, adopting a seedling transplanting mode, pressing roots with one finger, and inserting the roots of the strawberries into moist soil. According to the weather conditions, the ridge surface is dripped thoroughly before the soil is frozen, strawberry seedlings can be quickly frozen in the soil along with the change of the weather, the strawberries are afraid of wind, and the strawberries can safely live through the winter after snowfall and coverage. In cold weather in winter, the worm eggs in the soil can be frozen to death, and the effect of reducing plant diseases and insect pests is achieved.
(6) And (3) seedling revival and growth: after the snow melts in the spring of the next year, mulching films are covered on ridge surfaces of the strawberries, the soil moisture is preserved, the temperature is preserved, the strawberries are prevented from being blown off, the vitality of the strawberry seedlings is gradually restored, and the strawberries begin to germinate when the ground temperature reaches 5 ℃. With the gradual rise of the air temperature, the film can be broken to release air, and when the air temperature reaches 15 ℃, the mulching film is removed.
(7) Leaf cutting treatment: the open field strawberries are cut at the bottom of 9 months, leaves are raked out of the ground to be intensively cleaned, the occurrence of dead leaves and plant diseases and insect pests in the next year can be effectively reduced, and the germination of new leaves in spring is facilitated.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A seedling raising method for outdoor strawberries suitable for cold areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) binding the stolon seedlings of the open-field strawberries to obtain bound seedlings;
2) laying a layer of plastic shed film on the ground, immersing the base parts of the bound seedlings obtained in the step 1) into 500 times of liquid and Haesi plus solution, then placing the base parts on the shed film, tightly attaching the bound seedlings without gaps, and carrying out heat preservation treatment and moisture preservation treatment on the placed bound seedlings;
the seedling raising method does not need to press stems by leading vines;
the seedling culture method can grow white roots in 6-10 days, and the roots are 2-4 cm long;
the heat preservation treatment comprises the following steps: placing the bound seedlings on the shady side of a wall, wherein the base parts of the bound seedlings on the outermost periphery are surrounded by a shed film, a wood board is covered outside the shed film, and the raised shed film is lapped outside the wood board; spraying clear water to the bound seedlings every morning, hanging water drops on the leaves, and enabling water to flow into the base parts of the seedlings to play a role in moisturizing.
2. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the selection criteria for stolon seedlings in step 1) include: has more than 4 unfolded leaves without root prickling, root buds at the base part and no plant diseases and insect pests.
3. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein 1) every 45 to 55 stolon seedlings are bound into 1 bundle in the step 1).
4. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 1 in which the ground is a flat cement ground.
5. A method of raising seedlings according to claim 4, wherein one side of the cement floor is provided with a wall.
6. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the number of layers for binding the seedlings in the step 2) is 1.
7. A planting method of strawberry seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) dripping the strawberry seedlings obtained by the seedling raising method of claim 1 on the ridge surfaces of the planted strawberries, and inserting the roots of the strawberries into the soil by a seedling transplanting method.
8. The planting method according to claim 7, wherein the transplanting method comprises: a finger was inserted into the soil pressing the root of the strawberry seedling.
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| CN112106608A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-22 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Strawberry seedling breeding method in northwest cold arid region |
| CN112243752A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-22 | 安顺欣丞农业科技发展有限公司 | High-quality clean cultivation method for greenhouse strawberries |
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