CN113142033A - Organic ecological soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables in gobi region - Google Patents

Organic ecological soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables in gobi region Download PDF

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CN113142033A
CN113142033A CN202110188702.7A CN202110188702A CN113142033A CN 113142033 A CN113142033 A CN 113142033A CN 202110188702 A CN202110188702 A CN 202110188702A CN 113142033 A CN113142033 A CN 113142033A
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days
temperature
water
planting
field planting
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华军
张文斌
李文德
王勤礼
段誉
王鼎国
张�荣
孙倩
丁晓莉
张维彪
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Linze Xingke Desert Modern Facility Agriculture Co ltd
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Linze Xingke Desert Modern Facility Agriculture Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic ecological soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables in a gobi area, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable culture. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing before field planting, including preparing before slot type cultivation field planting and preparing before pillow type cultivation field planting; (2) arranging stubble openings, including autumn and winter stubbles, overwintering one big stubbles and early spring stubbles; (3) selecting varieties; (4) planting; (5) managing after planting, including temperature and light management, water and fertilizer management and plant adjustment; (6) pest control; (7) preserving flowers and fruits; (8) and (6) harvesting at proper time. The invention has the advantages of good vegetable quality, less plant diseases and insect pests, high yield, convenient management and convenient popularization and application.

Description

Organic ecological soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables in gobi region
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to an organic ecological soilless cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables in a gobi region.
Background
The vegetables are important agricultural products essential for urban and rural residents to live, and the cultivation technology of the vegetables has a vital influence on the yield and quality of the vegetables. The traditional vegetable cultivation method adopts soil to directly cultivate, has strong dependence on cultivated land, and chemical fertilizer applied in cultivation easily causes groundwater pollution and soil hardening due to leaching effect, and causes serious soil-borne diseases in a greenhouse. In recent years, soilless culture technology is rapidly developed, particularly in arid gobi areas, gobi greenhouses are rapidly developed, the field of vegetable culture is widened by applying the soilless culture technology, the contradiction of land competition of grains and vegetables is solved, and the utilization rate of resources such as light energy, land, waste and the like is improved. The organic ecological soilless culture is a new high-efficiency soilless culture mode, breaks through the traditional concept that nutrient solution must be used in soilless culture, can create good rhizosphere environment and space environment for vegetable growth, can effectively solve the difficult problems which need to be solved urgently, such as salinization of soil in old vegetable areas, gradual aggravation of soil-borne diseases and aggravation of physiological diseases of vegetables, can improve the yield and quality of the vegetables, reduce the using amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, is clean and sanitary, saves water, fertilizers and labor, is simple to operate and manage, has no pollution to the environment, and can reach green foods and organic foods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for organic ecological soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables in the Gobi region, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for organic ecotype soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables in Gobi areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for planting tomatoes and cucumbers in the north and south of a greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing before field planting, namely preparing before groove type cultivation and field planting, preparing before pillow type cultivation and field planting, wherein the preparation before groove type cultivation and field planting comprises leveling a greenhouse before a steel roof truss is arranged, ditching and manufacturing cultivation grooves according to the south and north directions with the distance of 1.3m, wherein the upper part of each groove is 65cm wide, the lower part of each groove is 60cm wide, the depth of each groove is 25cm, the length of each groove is the width of the greenhouse, the south and north are high, the fall is 2-5 cm, a water seepage well with the depth of 30cm and the diameter of 30cm is dug between every two grooves at the south end of each groove, a thin pipe with the diameter of 2cm is used as an overflow pipe at the position 5cm away from the groove bottom at the south end of each groove and is connected with the water seepage well, a double-layer film with the thickness of 0.1mm is paved on the groove bottom and the side wall to be isolated from soil, pressing a layer of bricks at two sides, filling the cultivation matrix into the cultivation grooves, scraping, compacting and pouring thoroughly; preparing before pillow type cultivation and field planting, wherein the nutrition pillows are arranged in the north and south directions in a regular mode, two field planting holes with the diameter of 10cm are formed in a pillow bag during field planting, the distance between the centers of the two holes is 40cm, and 2-3 small holes with the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm are tied in the pillow bag;
(2) arranging crops for rotation, wherein the crops for rotation comprise autumn and winter crops, overwintering a big crop and early spring crops, the crops are planted from 7 late months to 8 last months, and the seedlings are 30-45 days old; seedling is grown from 8 last ten days to 9 last ten days of the first overwintering crop, planting is carried out from 9 middle ten days to 10 middle ten days, and the seedling age is 40-45 days; seedling is grown in the early spring stubble in the first and middle 12 th months, field planting is carried out from 1 last ten days to 2 middle ten days of the next year, and the seedling age is 50-60 days;
(3) selecting varieties, namely selecting antiviral varieties in autumn and winter; selecting a variety with frost mildew resistance, low temperature and low irradiation resistance and strong continuous fruiting capacity for a large winter crop; the early spring stubble is selected from early-maturing, low-temperature-resistant and oligoillumination-resistant varieties and downy mildew-resistant varieties;
(4) planting, namely planting in a groove type manner according to a triangular mode of two lines per groove, wherein the matrix is higher than the seedling lumps, the distance between every two tomato plants is 50cm, and the seedlings are kept at 2000 plants per mu; the distance between cucumber plants is 25-28 cm, and 3600-4000 seedlings per mu are protected;
(5) managing after planting, including temperature and light management, water and fertilizer management and plant adjustment, wherein the temperature and light management comprises sealing and heat preservation after planting, promoting seedling recovery, keeping the temperature not higher than 30 ℃ without releasing air, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and at 10-15 ℃ at night after seedling recovery, adopting four-section temperature change management during fruiting period, keeping the temperature at 25-28 ℃ in the morning and at 28 ℃ and at 28-30 ℃ in the morning, keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the afternoon, closing the air at 20-22 ℃, starting to release the curtain at 18-20 ℃, keeping the temperature at 15-17 ℃ in the first half night, reducing the temperature to 11-13 ℃ in the second half night, keeping the temperature to 8-10 ℃ when the curtain is uncovered in the morning, cleaning the curtain every day, covering the curtain in the morning and the evening on the premise of ensuring the temperature, and striving for scattered light when the illumination time is not less than 8 hours every day and when the curtain is uncovered in rainy days;
the water and fertilizer management comprises the steps that the humidity of a culture medium is kept at 60-70%, water is filled in the morning in sunny days in the first winter, water is filled in the sunny days for 2-4 days, water is filled in the rainy days and the deep winter for 3-7 days, the water filling amount is increased after the temperature rises for 3 months, water is filled in the water every 1-3 days, and the water filling amount per mu is 8-12 m3Applying 30 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 30 kilograms of compound fertilizers and 300 kilograms of biological bacterial fertilizers as base fertilizers before field planting, applying 5 kilograms of high-quality N, P, K water-soluble compound fertilizers along with water every mu 18-22 days after field planting according to the growth vigor of topdressing, dissolving the compound fertilizers in a reservoir, applying the compound fertilizers along with a dropper in combination with watering, applying 6-10 kilograms of high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizers along with drip irrigation every mu in the middle and later growth stages, and spraying calcium and magnesium fertilizers once every 7-10 days after the first layer inflorescences of the tomatoes bloom;
the plant adjustment comprises the steps of hanging a vine after 7-8 main leaves of cucumbers grow, removing all side vines on a main vine by adopting a single vine disk vine pruning method, removing 4-5 old leaves at the lower part of a plant each time when the main vine grows over iron wires to influence artificial management operation, loosening the lower end of a hanging rope, dropping the main vine about 50cm each time, coiling the dropped main vine back to a groove surface, tying the hanging rope again, removing all tendrils, yellow leaves and diseased leaves while guiding the hanging vine, hanging the vine by using the hanging rope and a special hanging vine clamp when a tomato plant grows to 0.6m, removing all axillary side branches except a main stem when the first side branch reaches 5-10 cm in inflorescence, removing all leaves after a first ear fruit reaches a green ripe period, removing all leaves at the lower part, and reserving 3-5 fruits according to variety characteristics, leaving 3-4 thinned varieties and large fruit types, after the late-maturing variety is stood for 6-7 spikes, two leaf pinching cores are left, and the side branches reappearing from the leaf axils of the two leaves are not removed.
(6) The pest control comprises agricultural control, physical control and medicament control, wherein the physical control comprises the steps of arranging a 20-40-mesh insect prevention net at a ventilation opening, adopting a yellow plate to trap and kill aphids and adopting a blue plate to trap and kill thrips, the specifications of the yellow plate and the blue plate are 40cm multiplied by 25cm, and each 667m in a shed2Hanging 30-40 blocks; the prevention and treatment of the medicament comprises application of the medicament by using a low-volume spraying method, a normal-temperature smoke method and a smoking method;
(7) the flower and fruit retention is realized, the supplementary pollination of bumblebees is utilized during blooming, 30-50 bumblebees are used per mu of land, the flower and fruit retention is realized by treating a medicament containing parachlorophenoxy acetic acid without the bumblebee condition, and the medicament liquid is dipped by a writing brush and is smeared at the flower stalks which bloom at first;
(8) harvesting in due time, wherein the export tomatoes are harvested from the end of a green ripe period to a color-changing initial period, and the local selling tomatoes are harvested in the color-changing middle and later periods; and (3) harvesting when the cucumber grows to 22-32 cm, and reserving a 0.5cm long cucumber stalk during harvesting.
In the preparation before the field planting in the step (1), the mulching film is a polyethylene black film or a black and white double-color film.
In the selection of the variety in the step (3), the variety of the autumn and winter tomato is Qinda, 560; selecting the variety of the overwintering one large-batch tomato as Xianzhengda F1 and emperor A8; the early spring stubble tomato is selected from Beiying, Maina and 9040.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tomatoes are planted in the greenhouse in the north and the cucumbers are planted in the south, so that the requirement that the tomatoes need more illumination than the cucumbers is met;
2. according to the invention, by adopting a cultivation mode of isolating soil from the ground, the damage of soil-borne diseases and insect pests, pollution of underground water caused by infiltration of fertilizer water and the like is effectively overcome, and the ecological environment is protected;
in conclusion, the invention has the advantages of good vegetable quality, less plant diseases and insect pests, high yield, convenient management and convenient popularization and use.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example (b):
a method for organic ecotype soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables in Gobi areas, wherein tomatoes are planted in the north and cucumbers are planted in the south in the greenhouse, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing before field planting, namely preparing before groove type cultivation and field planting, preparing before pillow type cultivation and field planting, wherein the preparation before groove type cultivation and field planting comprises leveling a greenhouse before a steel roof truss is arranged, ditching and manufacturing cultivation grooves according to the south and north directions with the distance of 1.3m, wherein the upper part of each groove is 65cm wide, the lower part of each groove is 60cm wide, the depth of each groove is 25cm, the length of each groove is the width of the greenhouse, the south and north are high, the fall is 2-5 cm, a water seepage well with the depth of 30cm and the diameter of 30cm is dug between every two grooves at the south end of each groove, a thin pipe with the diameter of 2cm is used as an overflow pipe at the position 5cm away from the groove bottom at the south end of each groove and is connected with the water seepage well, a double-layer film with the thickness of 0.1mm is paved on the groove bottom; preparing before pillow type cultivation and field planting, wherein the nutrition pillows are arranged in the north and south directions in a regular mode, two field planting holes with the diameter of 10cm are formed in a pillow bag during field planting, the distance between the centers of the two holes is 40cm, and 2-3 small holes with the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm are tied in the pillow bag;
(2) arranging crops for rotation, wherein the crops for rotation comprise autumn and winter crops, overwintering a big crop and early spring crops, the crops are planted from 7 late months to 8 last months, and the seedlings are 30-45 days old; seedling is grown from 8 last ten days to 9 last ten days of the first overwintering crop, planting is carried out from 9 middle ten days to 10 middle ten days, and the seedling age is 40-45 days; seedling is grown in the early spring stubble in the first and middle 12 th months, field planting is carried out from 1 last ten days to 2 middle ten days of the next year, and the seedling age is 50-60 days;
(3) selecting varieties, namely selecting antiviral varieties in autumn and winter stubbles, and selecting varieties of Qinda li and 560 of tomatoes; selecting a variety with frost mildew resistance, low temperature and low irradiation resistance and strong continuous fruiting capacity for a big winter crop, wherein the tomato selected varieties are Xianzhengda F1 and emperor A8; the early spring stubble is selected from early-maturing, low temperature resistant and oligospermia resistant varieties, the tomato is selected from Beiying, Maina and 9040, and the cucumber is selected from Jinyan, Jinyou and Jinchun series;
(4) planting, namely planting in a groove type manner according to a triangular mode of two lines per groove, wherein the matrix is higher than seedling lumps, the distance between every two tomato plants is 50cm, the seedling keeping rate per mu is 2000, the distance between every two cucumber plants is 25-28 cm, and the seedling keeping rate per mu is 3600-4000;
(5) managing after planting, including temperature and light management, water and fertilizer management and plant adjustment, wherein the temperature and light management comprises sealing and heat preservation after planting, promoting seedling recovery, keeping the temperature not higher than 30 ℃ and keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night, adopting four-section temperature change management during fruiting period, keeping the temperature at 25-28 ℃ in the morning and at 28 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the afternoon and keeping the temperature below 22 ℃ and closing the air, starting to release the curtain at 18-20 ℃, keeping the temperature at 15-17 ℃ in the first half night, reducing the temperature to 11-13 ℃ in the second half night, keeping the temperature at 8-10 ℃ in the morning when the curtain is uncovered, selecting a high-quality non-dropping film with good light transmittance, cleaning the film every day, covering the curtain early and late when the illumination time is not less than 8 hours on the premise of ensuring the temperature, and opening the scattered light in rainy days;
the water and fertilizer management comprises the steps that the humidity of a culture medium is kept at 60-70%, water is filled in the morning in sunny days in the first winter, water is filled in the sunny days for 2-4 days, water is filled in the rainy days and the deep winter for 3-7 days, the water filling amount is increased after the temperature rises for 3 months, water is filled in the water every 1-3 days, and the water filling amount per mu is 10m3Applying 30 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 30 kilograms of compound fertilizers and 300 kilograms of biological bacterial fertilizers as base fertilizers before field planting, applying 5 kilograms of high-quality N, P, K water-soluble compound fertilizers along with water every mu 18-22 days after field planting according to the growth vigor of topdressing, dissolving the compound fertilizers in a reservoir, applying the compound fertilizers along with a dropper in combination with watering, applying 6-10 kilograms of high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizers along with drip irrigation every mu in the middle and later growth stages, and spraying calcium and magnesium fertilizers once every 7-10 days after the first layer inflorescences of the tomatoes bloom;
the plant adjustment comprises the steps of hanging a vine after 7-8 main leaves of cucumbers grow, removing all side vines on a main vine by adopting a single vine disk vine pruning method, removing 4-5 old leaves at the lower part of a plant each time when the main vine grows over iron wires to influence artificial management operation, loosening the lower end of a hanging rope, dropping the main vine about 50cm each time, coiling the dropped main vine back to a groove surface, tying the hanging rope again, removing all tendrils, yellow leaves and diseased leaves while guiding the hanging vine, hanging the vine by using the hanging rope and a special hanging vine clamp when a tomato plant grows to 0.6m, removing all axillary side branches except a main stem when the first side branch reaches 5-10 cm in inflorescence, removing all leaves after a first ear fruit reaches a green ripe period, removing all leaves at the lower part, and reserving 3-5 fruits according to variety characteristics, leaving 3-4 thinned varieties and large fruit types, after the late-maturing variety is stood for 6-7 spikes, two leaf pinching cores are left, and the side branches reappearing from the leaf axils of the two leaves are not removed.
(6) The pest control comprises agricultural control, physical control and medicament control, wherein the physical control comprises the steps of arranging a 20-40-mesh insect prevention net at a ventilation opening, adopting a yellow plate to trap and kill aphids and adopting a blue plate to trap and kill thrips, the specifications of the yellow plate and the blue plate are 40cm multiplied by 25cm, and each 667m in a shed2Hanging 30-40 blocks; the prevention and treatment of the medicament comprises application of the medicament by using a low-volume spraying method, a normal-temperature smoke method and a smoking method;
(7) the flower and fruit retention is realized, the supplementary pollination of bumblebees is utilized during blooming, 30-50 bumblebees are used per mu of land, the flower and fruit retention is realized by treating a medicament containing parachlorophenoxy acetic acid without the bumblebee condition, and the medicament liquid is dipped by a writing brush and is smeared at the flower stalks which bloom at first;
(8) harvesting in due time, wherein the export tomatoes are harvested from the end of a green ripe period to a color-changing initial period, and the local selling tomatoes are harvested in the color-changing middle and later periods; and (3) harvesting the cucumbers according to market prices, wherein the cucumbers can be harvested when growing to 22-32 cm, and 0.5cm long cucumber stems are reserved during harvesting.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for organic ecotype soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables in Gobi areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for planting tomatoes and cucumbers in the north and south of a greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing before field planting, namely preparing before groove type cultivation and field planting, preparing before pillow type cultivation and field planting, wherein the preparation before groove type cultivation and field planting comprises leveling a greenhouse before a steel roof truss is arranged, ditching and manufacturing cultivation grooves according to the south and north directions with the distance of 1.3m, wherein the upper part of each groove is 65cm wide, the lower part of each groove is 60cm wide, the depth of each groove is 25cm, the length of each groove is the width of the greenhouse, the south and north are high, the fall is 2-5 cm, a water seepage well with the depth of 30cm and the diameter of 30cm is dug between every two grooves at the south end of each groove, a thin pipe with the diameter of 2cm is used as an overflow pipe at the position 5cm away from the groove bottom at the south end of each groove and is connected with the water seepage well, a double-layer film with the thickness of 0.1mm is paved on the groove bottom and the side wall to be isolated from soil, pressing a layer of bricks at two sides, filling the cultivation matrix into the cultivation grooves, scraping, compacting and pouring thoroughly; preparing before pillow type cultivation and field planting, wherein the nutrition pillows are arranged in the north and south directions in a regular mode, two field planting holes with the diameter of 10cm are formed in a pillow bag during field planting, the distance between the centers of the two holes is 40cm, and 2-3 small holes with the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm are tied in the pillow bag;
(2) arranging crops for rotation, wherein the crops for rotation comprise autumn and winter crops, overwintering a big crop and early spring crops, the crops are planted from 7 late months to 8 last months, and the seedlings are 30-45 days old; seedling is grown from 8 last ten days to 9 last ten days of the first overwintering crop, planting is carried out from 9 middle ten days to 10 middle ten days, and the seedling age is 40-45 days; seedling is grown in the early spring stubble in the first and middle 12 th months, field planting is carried out from 1 last ten days to 2 middle ten days of the next year, and the seedling age is 50-60 days;
(3) selecting varieties, namely selecting antiviral varieties in autumn and winter; selecting a variety with frost mildew resistance, low temperature and low irradiation resistance and strong continuous fruiting capacity for a large winter crop; the early spring stubble is selected from early-maturing, low-temperature-resistant and oligoillumination-resistant varieties and downy mildew-resistant varieties;
(4) planting, namely planting in a groove type manner according to a triangular mode of two lines per groove, wherein the matrix is higher than the seedling lumps, the distance between every two tomato plants is 50cm, and the seedlings are kept at 2000 plants per mu; the distance between cucumber plants is 25-28 cm, and 3600-4000 seedlings per mu are protected;
(5) managing after planting, including temperature and light management, water and fertilizer management and plant adjustment, wherein the temperature and light management comprises sealing and heat preservation after planting, promoting seedling recovery, keeping the temperature not higher than 30 ℃ without releasing air, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and at 10-15 ℃ at night after seedling recovery, adopting four-section temperature change management during fruiting period, keeping the temperature at 25-28 ℃ in the morning and at 28 ℃ and at 28-30 ℃ in the morning, keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the afternoon, closing the air at 20-22 ℃, starting to release the curtain at 18-20 ℃, keeping the temperature at 15-17 ℃ in the first half night, reducing the temperature to 11-13 ℃ in the second half night, keeping the temperature to 8-10 ℃ when the curtain is uncovered in the morning, cleaning the curtain every day, covering the curtain in the morning and the evening on the premise of ensuring the temperature, and striving for scattered light when the illumination time is not less than 8 hours every day and when the curtain is uncovered in rainy days;
the water and fertilizer management comprises the steps that the humidity of a culture medium is kept at 60-70%, water is filled in the morning in sunny days in the first winter, water is filled in the sunny days for 2-4 days, water is filled in the rainy days and the deep winter for 3-7 days, the water filling amount is increased after the temperature rises for 3 months, water is filled in the water every 1-3 days, and the water filling amount per mu is 8-12 m3Applying 30 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 30 kilograms of compound fertilizers and 300 kilograms of biological bacterial fertilizers as base fertilizers before field planting, applying 5 kilograms of high-quality N, P, K water-soluble compound fertilizers along with water every mu 18-22 days after field planting according to the growth vigor of topdressing, dissolving the compound fertilizers in a reservoir, applying the compound fertilizers along with a dropper in combination with watering, applying 6-10 kilograms of high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizers along with drip irrigation every mu in the middle and later growth stages, and spraying calcium and magnesium fertilizers once every 7-10 days after the first layer inflorescences of the tomatoes bloom;
the plant adjustment comprises the steps of hanging a vine after 7-8 main leaves of cucumbers grow, removing all side vines on a main vine by adopting a single vine disk vine pruning method, removing 4-5 old leaves at the lower part of a plant each time when the main vine grows over iron wires to influence artificial management operation, loosening the lower end of a hanging rope, dropping the main vine about 50cm each time, coiling the dropped main vine back to a groove surface, tying the hanging rope again, removing all tendrils, yellow leaves and diseased leaves while guiding the hanging vine, hanging the vine by using the hanging rope and a special hanging vine clamp when a tomato plant grows to 0.6m, removing all axillary side branches except a main stem when the first side branch reaches 5-10 cm in inflorescence, removing all leaves after a first ear fruit reaches a green ripe period, removing all leaves at the lower part, and reserving 3-5 fruits according to variety characteristics, leaving 3-4 thinned varieties and large fruit types, after the late-maturing variety is stood for 6-7 spikes, two leaf pinching cores are left, and the side branches reappearing from the leaf axils of the two leaves are not removed.
(6) Pest control, including agricultureThe method comprises the steps of industrial control, physical control and medicament control, wherein the physical control comprises the steps of arranging a 20-40-mesh insect prevention net at an air vent, adopting a yellow plate to trap and kill aphids and adopting a blue plate to trap and kill thrips, the specifications of the yellow plate and the blue plate are 40cm multiplied by 25cm, and the length of each 667m in a shed2Hanging 30-40 blocks; the prevention and treatment of the medicament comprises application of the medicament by using a low-volume spraying method, a normal-temperature smoke method and a smoking method;
(7) the flower and fruit retention is realized, the supplementary pollination of bumblebees is utilized during blooming, 30-50 bumblebees are used per mu of land, the flower and fruit retention is realized by treating a medicament containing parachlorophenoxy acetic acid without the bumblebee condition, and the medicament liquid is dipped by a writing brush and is smeared at the flower stalks which bloom at first;
(8) harvesting in due time, wherein the export tomatoes are harvested from the end of a green ripe period to a color-changing initial period, and the local selling tomatoes are harvested in the color-changing middle and later periods; and (3) harvesting when the cucumber grows to 22-32 cm, and reserving a 0.5cm long cucumber stalk during harvesting.
2. The method for organic ecotype soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables in gobi area according to claim 1, wherein: in the preparation before the field planting in the step (1), the mulching film is a polyethylene black film or a black and white double-color film.
3. The method for organic ecotype soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables in gobi area according to claim 1, wherein: in the selection of the variety in the step (3), the variety of the autumn and winter tomato is Qinda, 560; selecting the variety of the overwintering one large-batch tomato as Xianzhengda F1 and emperor A8; the early spring stubble tomato is selected from Beiying, Maina and 9040.
CN202110188702.7A 2021-02-18 2021-02-18 Organic ecological soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables in gobi region Pending CN113142033A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104642072A (en) * 2013-11-16 2015-05-27 汪世松 Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetable in gobi desert
JP2017029124A (en) * 2015-07-29 2017-02-09 利彦 大久保 Cultivation method for lepidium meyenii bulb vegetable house planting

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104642072A (en) * 2013-11-16 2015-05-27 汪世松 Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetable in gobi desert
JP2017029124A (en) * 2015-07-29 2017-02-09 利彦 大久保 Cultivation method for lepidium meyenii bulb vegetable house planting

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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郑国玉等: "新疆南疆戈壁日光温室滴灌番茄基质栽培技术规程", 《中国瓜菜》, vol. 30, no. 1, pages 252 *

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