CN114158369B - Method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of roots of courtyard China roses - Google Patents
Method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of roots of courtyard China roses Download PDFInfo
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- CN114158369B CN114158369B CN202111501916.1A CN202111501916A CN114158369B CN 114158369 B CN114158369 B CN 114158369B CN 202111501916 A CN202111501916 A CN 202111501916A CN 114158369 B CN114158369 B CN 114158369B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of roots of courtyard China roses, and belongs to the technical field of China rose propagation. The method aims at the technical problems that the quality of Chinese rose seedlings is low due to sprouting and branching of stocks and the conventional grafting seedling raising efficiency is low in the conventional Chinese rose grafting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Establishing a Chinese rose root stock garden in the form of a strip-shaped root control container cultivation groove; (2) The method adopts the mode that the rootstock is collected at one side of the cultivation groove in the same year and the rootstock is collected at the other side of the cultivation groove in the next year to realize the annual collection of the rootstock. (3) Grafting is carried out by an improved cutting grafting method, and a grafting opening is sealed by a grafting film made of sticky rice strips. Directly cutting after grafting, or refrigerating the grafted root stock cutting slips in a refrigeration house, and then cutting after the temperature rises again to grow seedlings. The method can cultivate high-quality root-grafted Chinese rose seedlings, improves the seedling raising efficiency and has good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a method for root grafting and cuttage integrated propagation of a courtyard China rose.
Background
China rose (Rosa spp.) is an important ornamental flower of Rosa (Rosaceae) Rosa (Rosa L.), and is known as "queen of flower" and is also one of the ten traditional famous flowers in China. The roses are generally classified into cut flower roses and courtyard roses according to their uses. The courtyard Chinese rose is widely applied to urban greening and family gardening and is an important plant material for greening and beautifying urban and rural areas.
The garden Chinese rose is mainly produced and cultivated by cutting propagation and grafting propagation modes, and although the cutting propagation is simple to operate and high in propagation speed, the root system of a cutting seedling is underdeveloped, the growth vigor is weak, and the quality of the seedling is poor. The grafted and propagated Chinese rose has developed root system, strong growth vigor, strong disease and pest resistance and good seedling quality, is an important propagation method for producing high-grade garden Chinese rose seedlings, and is also a preferred propagation method for certain garden Chinese rose varieties with high cutting propagation difficulty. However, the traditional Chinese rose grafting mainly adopts semi-lignified branch stocks as grafting parts, although the grafting mode is simple and convenient to operate and easy to take materials, the stock parts can continuously sprout and branch along with the growth of grafted seedlings, the appearance is not attractive, the labor cost for sprout removal is increased, and the growth of scion parts is also influenced, so that the seedling quality is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of low efficiency, low seedling quality and the like of the conventional vegetative propagation of the courtyard China rose, the invention adopts the lateral root of a Rosa multiflora thunb as the scion of the stock grafting variety and then breeds the courtyard China rose in a cuttage mode, so that the stock sprouting can be avoided, high-quality nursery stocks of the courtyard China rose can be cultivated, and the seedling raising efficiency of the China rose can be improved. The propagation method is not reported at present.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of roots of courtyard China roses comprises the following steps:
(1) Construction and management of root-stock nursery
Laying polypropylene gardening ground fabric on a flat ground, placing strip-shaped cultivation grooves on the ground fabric, and irrigating in a drip irrigation mode; selecting multiflower rose as a rootstock, and planting Miao Shanpai of the multiflower rose in a cultivation groove filled with a matrix, wherein the matrix is formed by applying 4-6 kg of controlled release fertilizer to each cubic meter of cultivation matrix and mixing; the culture medium is prepared by mixing peat, coconut chaff and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1: 1-1.5: 0.2-0.5, and the pH value of the medium is 6.0-7.0; the controlled release fertilizer is a full-nutrition controlled release fertilizer, and comprises 18% of N and 18% of P by mass 2 O 5 6％、K 2 O12%, mg 1.80%, S7.00%, cu 0.05%, fe 0.45%, mn 0.05%, zn 0.05%, mo 0.0005%; applying 1500-2000 times of quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer once by drip irrigation every 20-30 days in 3-10 months when the rosa multiflora seedlings grow vigorously every year, wherein the quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer is a balanced type total nutrient fertilizer and contains 20% of N and 20% of P by mass 2 O 5 20％、K 2 O 20％、SO 3 0.84 percent of EDTA-Fe, 0.12 percent of EDTA-Mn, 0.06 percent of EDTA-Zn, 0.015 percent of EDTA-Cu, 0.02 percent of B, 0.01 percent of Mo and 0.17 percent of Na; 0.5 per mill of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is applied once every 15 to 20 days in 8 to 11 months every year;
(2) Collecting and processing rootstock
Taking an anvil from a rosa multiflora seedling planted for more than 2 years, and taking a substrate before the anvil to control water to ensure that the water content is 40-50%; detaching the groove wall at one side of the cultivation groove, cleaning the side matrix, exposing the side roots, cutting the side roots with the diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm and the length of more than or equal to 10cm to be used as root-grafted stocks, recovering the groove wall after collecting the root-grafted stocks and filling the matrix;
(3) Grafting
Grafting is carried out between the dormancy of the Chinese rose, namely 12 months early to 2 months middle of the next year, an improved cutting grafting method is adopted for grafting, and the specific operations are as follows: (1) scion treatment: selecting dormant, disease and insect pest free and strong growing branches of the courtyard China rose as scions, shearing single bud sections with plump bud points on the branches, wherein the branch sections are 2-2.5 cm long, the bud points are positioned in the middle or upper parts of the branch sections, the base parts of the branch sections are obliquely cut towards the bud side towards the base parts at an angle of 40-45 degrees by using a grafting knife, the obliquely cut length is 0.8-1.0 cm, the upper ends of the cuts are at least 0.5cm away from the bud points, the back bud side is vertically cut from the upper ends to the lower ends of the branch sections by using the grafting knife, the cut surfaces just expose wood parts, the vertical cut length is 1.5-1.8 cm, and the base parts of the branch sections are wedge angles of 25-30 degrees; (2) grafting: cutting the root grafting stock prepared in the step (2) into a root section with the length of 5-8 cm, and performing horizontal shearing on an upper shearing opening and performing oblique shearing on a lower shearing opening at an angle of 45-50 degrees; obliquely cutting one side of a cutting opening on the root section at an angle of 30-35 degrees by using a grafting knife, wherein the obliquely cutting length is 0.4-0.5 cm, vertically cutting the middle part or the upper part of the oblique cutting surface towards the lower end direction of the root section by using the grafting knife, cutting the bark part of the root section to expose the xylem, keeping the cut bark part connected with the root section, wherein the depth of the cut is 1.5-2 cm, outwards inserting the bud point and the base part of the scion processed in the step (3) and (1) into the cut of the cut root section, aligning the scion with the cambium layer on at least one side of the root section, and firmly binding the grafting opening by using a grafting film made of glutinous rice, namely the grafting root stock cutting strip;
(4) Cutting
(1) Maintaining cuttage in a plastic greenhouse with a heating seedbed;
or (2) when the seedbed has no heating function, storing the grafting root stock cuttings, raising the temperature outside the plastic greenhouse to the lowest temperature of more than 10 ℃ day by day, cutting and maintaining on the seedbed without the heating function in the plastic greenhouse; the method for storing the grafting root stock cuttings is as follows: making a lining by using non-woven fabrics with the thickness of 2-3 mm in a breathable plastic turnover basket with pores uniformly distributed on the periphery and the bottom surface, completely paving the periphery and the basket bottom in the plastic turnover basket, paving a layer of perlite with the thickness of 3-4 cm and the wet particle size of 3-4 mm in the basket bottom, horizontally placing grafting root stock cuttings on the perlite, enabling the distance between every two adjacent grafting root stock cuttings to be 1.5-2 cm, covering the grafting root stock cuttings with the wet perlite after the grafting root stock cuttings are fully paved with the layer, and covering the grafting root stock cuttings with the thickness of 3-4 cm; covering a layer of wet perlite with the thickness of 3-4 cm on a layer of grafting root stock cutting strip in the same way until a plastic turnover basket is filled with the wet perlite, covering the surface of the uppermost layer of wet perlite tightly by using non-woven fabrics, finally placing the plastic turnover basket filled with the grafting root stock cutting strip in a cold storage warehouse at 5-7 ℃ for cold storage, and spraying water to supplement moisture to the stored grafting root stock cutting strip during cold storage so as to keep the water content of the perlite at 50-60%;
the cutting modes of the cuttage maintained in the plastic greenhouse with the heating seedbed and the cuttage maintained on the seedbed without the heating function in the plastic greenhouse are as follows:
putting a cuttage matrix into a forest plug, wherein the cuttage matrix is prepared by mixing coconut chaff and perlite according to the volume ratio of 5: 1-1.5; dipping the base part of the grafting root stock cutting in the step (3) in rooting agent at medium speed for 20-30 seconds, airing the surface moisture of the base part, and cutting the base part in a tree hole tray filled with a cutting matrix; the concentration of the rooting agent is 1000ppm, the effective components are naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid, and the mass ratio of the naphthylacetic acid to the indolebutyric acid is 3-4: 1; the cutting depth of the grafting root stock cutting strip is 5-8 cm, the scion bud points on the grafting root stock cutting strip are exposed out of the surface of a cutting matrix, water is immediately poured after cutting is finished, and then the step of maintenance is carried out;
(5) Maintenance of grafting root stock cutting
(1) Maintaining the grafting rootstock cuttings in the plastic greenhouse with the heating seedbed: placing the forest plug tray on which the grafting root stock cutting in the step (4) is inserted on a heating seedling bed, wherein the temperature of the heating seedling bed is 15-20 ℃, a plastic small arched shed is built above the heating Wen Miaochuang, a sunshade net with the shading rate of 50-60% is covered on the plastic small arched shed, the relative air humidity in the plastic small arched shed is 80-90%, when the root system of the grafting root stock cutting in the forest plug tray is full of the plug tray, the heating seedling bed stops heating, the shading rate of the sunshade net is reduced to 20-40%, the relative air humidity in the plastic small arched shed is reduced to 50-60%, the scion bud on the grafting root stock cutting is grown to be more than 15cm, the scion is healed with the wound of the root section, namely, the transplanting standard is reached.
Or (2) maintaining the grafting rootstock cuttings on the seedbed without the heating function in the plastic greenhouse: placing the tree hole tray which is provided with the grafting root stock cutting strips in the step (4) on a seedbed without a heating function in a plastic greenhouse, building a small plastic arched shed above the seedbed, covering a sunshade net with the shading rate of 50% -60% on the small plastic arched shed, wherein the relative air humidity in the small plastic arched shed is 80% -90%, when the hole tray is full of the root systems of the grafting root stock cutting strips in the tree hole tray, the shading rate of the sunshade net is reduced to 20% -40%, the relative air humidity in the small plastic arched shed is reduced to 50% -60%, the scion new buds on the grafting root stock cutting strips are grown to be more than 15cm, and the scions and the wounds of the root sections are healed, namely the transplanting standard is reached.
Further, the side roots on the other side of the cultivation groove are collected in the next year of collecting the rootstock in the step (2) by the rootstock collection method in the step (2) to be used as root-grafted rootstocks.
Further, the planting distance of Miao Shanpai of the multiflora rose in the step (1) is 40-50 cm.
Further, the culture groove in the step (1) is not provided with a groove bottom.
Further, the cultivation groove in the step (1) is a bottomless cuboid cultivation groove surrounded by a plastic root controller plate which is commercially available and is used for planting nursery stocks and provided with convex holes on the plate surface, the width of the cultivation groove is 50cm, the depth of the cultivation groove is 40cm, and the length of the cultivation groove is 10-50 m.
Further, fixing the two side groove walls of the cultivation groove in the step (1) by iron wires every 1-1.2 m, wherein the fixing method comprises the following steps: and the iron wire penetrates through the raised hole at the lower part of the first groove wall and penetrates through the raised hole at the lower part of the second groove wall, then penetrates through the raised hole at the upper part of the second groove wall and penetrates through the raised hole at the upper part of the first groove wall, and the iron wire is connected end to end at the outer wall of the first groove wall and is fastened.
Further, the fiber length of peat in the culture medium in the step (1) is 10-30 mm, the fiber length of coconut coir is 5-10 mm, and the particle size of perlite is 3-4 mm; in the step (4), the length of the coconut coir fibers in the cutting medium is 5-10 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-4 mm.
Further, the fertilizer efficiency release period of the controlled release fertilizer in the step (1) is 6-8 months.
Further, after the fertilizer effect of the controlled release fertilizer is completely released in the step (1), the controlled release fertilizer is broadcast according to the proportion of applying 4kg of the controlled release fertilizer to each cubic meter of the culture substrate, and the surface of the culture substrate is covered with the controlled release fertilizer after application.
Further, in the step (5) (1) or the step (5) (2), 1200-1500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed on the grafting root stock cuttings once every 15-20 days; and spraying 1 per mill potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution to the grafting root stock cuttings every 15-20 days after 40 days of cuttage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the conventional branches as the stocks for Chinese rose grafting, the root stocks are used for grafting, the phenomena of stock sprouting and branch drawing are obviously avoided in the growth process of grafted seedlings, bud picking is not needed, the seedling raising procedure is simplified, and the labor cost is saved. The scion has no influence of the lateral bud growth of the stock, the scion growth vigor is more vigorous, the seedling quality is better, the seedling period is shortened, and the method is an ideal method for cultivating the high-grade garden Chinese rose seedlings.
2. Compared with the traditional method of planting the rose rootstocks by using soil, the method of planting the rose rootstocks by using the matrix is convenient for standardized management of water and fertilizer, can enable the rootstock seedlings to grow more robustly and robustly, ensures that the sizes of the cultured rootstocks are more consistent, and is convenient for grafting. Meanwhile, the rootstock of the substrate cultivation is easy to take, and the rootstock does not need to be cleaned, thereby simplifying the operation process.
3. Compared with the mode of completely digging out the rootstock and taking the rootstock, the rootstock is picked at one side of the cultivation groove, the normal function of the root system can be still maintained at the other side, the rootstock grows and recovers quickly, and the rootstock is picked at the other side in the next year of the rootstock taking, so that the successive year picking of the rootstock is realized.
4. By adopting the grafting and cutting integrated propagation method, the defects of low grafting propagation efficiency, poor quality of seedlings in cutting propagation and the like are overcome, the advantages of the two technologies are combined, and the unification of high-quality seedling and high-efficiency seedling is realized.
5. The produced grafting root stock cutting slips are stored in a refrigeration house and are cut after the temperature rises again, so that the root stocks and the scions which are rich in nutrition and strong in autumn and winter can be effectively utilized, the influence of low temperature in winter on the cutting survival rate can be effectively avoided, and more robust Chinese rose root seedlings can be produced by utilizing the good climate conditions in spring.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of roots of courtyard China roses comprises the following steps:
(1) Construction and management of root-stock nursery
The planting environment is open-air planting, and the specification of the ground paved on the flat ground is 100g (namely the weight is 100 g/m) 2 ) The above polypropylene horticultural ground fabric is used for preventing the growth of weeds. The method comprises the steps of arranging strip-shaped cultivation grooves on the ground, wherein the strip-shaped cultivation grooves are formed by surrounding a bottomless cuboid cultivation groove by adopting a plastic root control device plate which is sold in the market and is used for planting nursery stocks, and the plate surface of the plastic root control device plate is provided with protruding holes, and the width, the depth and the length of the cultivation groove are 50cm, 40cm and 10-50 m respectively. The length of the cultivation groove can also be determined according to the length of the root stock nursery. In order to make the cultivation groove firm, every 1-1.2 m, iron wires are adopted to fix the groove walls on the two sides of the cultivation groove, and the fixing method comprises the following steps: the two side walls of the cultivation groove are respectively called a first groove wall and a second groove wall, hot galvanizing iron wires with the diameter of 2-3 mm penetrate through the raised holes at the lower part of the first groove wall and penetrate through the raised holes at the lower part of the second groove wall, then penetrate through the raised holes at the upper part of the second groove wall and penetrate through the raised holes at the upper part of the first groove wall, and the iron wires are connected end to end and fastened at the outer wall of the first groove wall. The distance between two adjacent cultivation grooves is 60cm. Or planting the root stock by other common cultivation grooves without bottoms. The irrigation mode is drip irrigation.
The rosa multiflora is selected as a root stock, and has the characteristics of high growth speed, good resistance and thick root system. Planting multiflora rose Miao Shanpai inThe planting distance in the culture groove filled with the matrix is 40cm. The substrate is formed by applying 5kg of controlled release fertilizer to each cubic meter of culture substrate and mixing; the culture medium is prepared by uniformly mixing peat, coconut coir and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1: 0.5, wherein the pH value of the medium is 6.0-7.0, the fiber length of the peat is 10-30 mm, the fiber length of the coconut coir is 5-10 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-4 mm; the controlled-release fertilizer is a full-nutrition controlled-release fertilizer, and the brand is Germany Kang Piao (COMPO), and the controlled-release fertilizer contains 18% of N and 18% of P in mass fraction 2 O 5 6％、K 2 12% of O, 1.80% of Mg, 7.00% of S, 0.05% of Cu, 0.45% of Fe, 0.05% of Mn, 0.05% of Zn and 0.0005% of Mo, and the fertilizer efficiency release period is 6-8 months; after the fertilizer effect of the controlled release fertilizer is completely released, the controlled release fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of applying 4kg of the controlled release fertilizer to each cubic meter of the culture substrate, and the substrate with the thickness of 2-3 cm is covered after the controlled release fertilizer is applied. And after the field planting of the multiflower rose seedlings is finished, double drip irrigation tapes are laid for irrigation, the diameter of each drip irrigation tape is 16mm, the wall thickness of each drip irrigation tape is 0.5mm, and the distance between drippers is 40cm. In 3-10 months of vigorous growth of multiflora rose seedlings every year, supplementing and applying 2000 times of quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer once by drip irrigation every 20 days, wherein the application amount of the 2000 times of quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer each time enables the substrate to be fully absorbed, the quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer solution is just discharged outside at the bottom of the cultivation tank, and the quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer is a balanced type total nutrient fertilizer which contains 20% of N and 20% of P in parts by mass 2 O 5 20％、K 2 O 20％、SO 3 0.84 percent of EDTA-Fe, 0.12 percent of EDTA-Mn, 0.06 percent of EDTA-Zn, 0.015 percent of EDTA-Cu, 0.02 percent of B, 0.01 percent of Mo and 0.17 percent of Na; and in 8-11 months per year, 0.5 per thousand of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is applied once every 15 days, the matrix is fully absorbed by the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.5 per thousand, and the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is just discharged outwards at the bottom of the cultivation tank to promote the root system to be thick and strong.
(2) Collecting and processing rootstock
Taking the stock from the Rosa multiflora seedling for more than 2 years, and properly controlling water of the substrate before the stock to make the water content between 40 and 50 percent. And (3) detaching the wall of one side of the cultivation groove, cleaning the side substrate, exposing the side roots, and cutting the side roots with the diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm and the length of more than or equal to 10cm to be used as root grafting stocks. And (3) sequentially straightening the root grafting stocks from the upper end to the lower end, bundling 20 root grafting stocks into a bundle, and feeding the bundled root grafting stocks into a grafting operation room. And recovering the groove wall and filling the matrix after collecting the root-grafted rootstock, and collecting the lateral root which is not collected at the other side of the cultivation groove as the root-grafted rootstock in the next year by using the same rootstock root collection method. Therefore, the rosebush rootstock is recovered quickly, and the purpose of collecting the rootstock in successive years can be achieved.
TABLE 1 influence of different cultivation and rootstock taking modes on yield of qualified rootstocks of Rosa multiflora rootstocks
Note: 1. lower case letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. 2. The qualified rootstock is a lateral root with the diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm and the length of more than or equal to 10 cm. The strip-shaped root control container substrate cultivation in the comparison 2 and the embodiment 1 is that a plastic root control device plate which is used for planting seedlings and is sold in the market and provided with convex holes on the plate surface is surrounded into a bottomless cuboid cultivation groove and a substrate thereof in the step (1) of the embodiment 1.
Table 1 shows that when the rosa multiflora cultivation and root stock collection are performed in example 1, 26.6 stocks can be collected from a single rosa multiflora stock within two years of 2019 to 2020, which is far more than that of control 1 using the laterite cultivation (an improvement of 87.32% compared with control 1), and is also more than that of control 2 using the strip root control container matrix cultivation, but the root stock of control 2 is dug out of the whole plant (an improvement of 21.80% compared with control 2).
(3) Grafting
(1) Preparation of scions
Grafting is carried out between the dormancy of the Chinese rose, namely 12 months early and 2 months middle each year, and the current-year branches of the dormant courtyard Chinese rose variety 'Red DaVinci' (Red Leonardo da Vinci) without diseases and insect pests and strong growth vigor are selected as scions, wherein the strong growth vigor refers to thick and strong branches with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.6cm, the leaf color of oily green, normal flowering and no diseases and insect pests. And (3) cutting a single bud section with plump bud points on the branches, wherein the length of the single bud section is 2-2.5 cm, the bud points are positioned in the middle or the upper part of the single bud section, the base part of the single bud section is obliquely cut towards the bud side to the base part by a grafting knife to form an angle of 40-45 degrees, the obliquely cut length is 0.8-1.0 cm, the upper end of a cut is at least 0.5cm away from the bud point, one side of a back bud is vertically cut from the upper end to the lower end of the single bud section by the grafting knife, the vertical cut length is 1.5-1.8 cm, and the base part of the single bud section forms a wedge angle of 25-30 degrees.
(2) Grafting operation
And (3) grafting by adopting an improved cutting and grafting method. And (3) shearing the root grafting stock prepared in the step (2) into root sections with the length of 5-8 cm, and horizontally shearing the upper shearing opening and obliquely shearing the lower shearing opening at an angle of 45 degrees. And (2) beveling one side of a cut on the root section at 30 degrees by using a grafting knife, wherein the beveling length is 0.4-0.5 cm, vertically cutting the middle part or the upper part of the bevel cut surface towards the lower end direction of the root section by using the grafting knife, cutting the bark part of the root section to expose the xylem, keeping the cut bark part connected with the root section, and keeping the cut depth at 1.5-2 cm, enabling the bud point of the scion prepared in the step (3) and (1) to be outward, enabling the base part to be downwards inserted into the cut of the cut root section, aligning the scion with a cambium layer on at least one side of the root section, wherein the required diameter of the scion is 0.5-1.0 cm and is slightly smaller than the diameter of the corresponding root section, thereby facilitating grafting by adopting the improved grafting method, using a grafting film made of glutinous rice (namely a commercially available glutinous rice paper grafting film) to tie the interface to obtain a grafting stock cutting strip, and sealing the cut on the root section together with the cut on the upper part of the scion to avoid water loss. The grafting film made of the sticky rice can be automatically degraded after 6-8 months, and is not manually removed. The improved splicing method has the advantages of fast wound healing, difficult hand injury and easier operation. The conventional grafting method has slower wound healing and easy operation to cut hands.
(4) Cutting
(1) Preparation before cutting
A colorless and transparent plastic greenhouse with a heating seedbed is adopted as a cuttage facility. And (3) filling the cuttage substrate in a 32-mesh forest plug tray, wherein the specification of the forest plug tray is 54cm multiplied by 28cm (length multiplied by width), the depth of each plug is 11cm, and the volume is 178mL. The cuttage matrix is prepared by mixing coconut coir and perlite according to the volume ratio of 5: 1, the length of the coconut coir fiber is 5-10 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-4 mm.
(2) Cutting operation
Dipping the base parts of the grafted root stock cuttings obtained in the step (3) in a rooting agent at a medium speed for 20-30 seconds, airing the surface moisture of the cuttings, and then cutting the cuttings into the hole trays of the trees filled with the cutting matrix obtained in the step (4) and (1), wherein one grafting root stock cutting is cut in each hole. The concentration of the rooting agent is 1000ppm, the effective components are naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid, and the mass ratio of the naphthylacetic acid to the indolebutyric acid is 4: 1. The cutting depth of the grafting root stock cutting strip is 5-8 cm, so that the cut on the root section of the grafting root stock cutting strip is flush with the surface of the substrate, the scion bud point of the grafting root stock cutting strip exposes out of the cutting substrate, water is immediately poured after cutting, then the water enters a maintenance stage, and the water is preserved in a sprinkling irrigation mode during the maintenance stage. The preparation method of the rooting agent comprises the following steps: weighing 0.80g of naphthylacetic acid and 0.20g of indolebutyric acid, putting the weighed naphthylacetic acid and the 0.20g of indolebutyric acid into a 1000mL volumetric flask together, adding about 500mL of deionized water into the volumetric flask, dropwise adding sodium hydroxide into the volumetric flask while shaking the volumetric flask, stopping adding the sodium hydroxide after the naphthylacetic acid and the indolebutyric acid are completely dissolved, adding the deionized water to a constant volume of 1000mL, and preparing the rooting agent.
(5) Maintenance of grafting root stock cutting
And (4) placing the plug tray which is provided with the grafting root stock cutting strips in the step (4) on a heating seedbed, and erecting a colorless and transparent plastic small arched shed on the heating seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation. The temperature of the heating seedbed is controlled to be 15-20 ℃ (the heating can be realized by laying geothermal heat wires or electric heating films at the bottom of the seedbed), the small plastic arched shed is covered with a sunshade net with the shading rate of 50-60%, and the air relative humidity in the small plastic arched shed is 80-90%. Under the condition, the grafting rootstock cutting starts to root in 25-30 days, the root system of the grafting rootstock cutting grows over the hole tray in 50-55 days, at the moment, the heating seedbed stops heating, the shading rate of a shading net covered on a plastic small arched shed is reduced to 20-30%, the relative humidity of air in the plastic small arched shed is reduced to 50-60%, the scion germination is promoted, after 40 days, the scion new bud on the grafting rootstock cutting grows to be more than 15cm, the wound healing of the scion and the root section is realized, and the transplanting standard is reached. In addition, in the process of maintaining the grafting root stock cuttings, 1500 times of liquid 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed on the grafting root stock cuttings once every 15 days for preventing fungal diseases, and the dosage of the 1500 times of liquid 50% carbendazim wettable powder is 250mL/m 2 ～300mL/m 2 (ii) a And spraying 1 per thousand potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution every 20 days after 40 days of cuttage, wherein the 1 per thousand potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is sprayed every time, so that the matrix is fully absorbed, and the 1 per thousand potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is just discharged from the hole tray to the outside, thereby promoting the growth of roots and the robustness of plants. The preparation method of the 1500-time liquid 50% carbendazim wettable powder comprises the following steps: 10g of carbendazim wettable powder with the effective component content of 50 percent is put into 15L of water and is prepared after being evenly stirred.
TABLE 2 Effect of different rootstock types on rootstock sprouting of 'Red DaVinci' China rose grafted seedlings
Note: in table 2, 1. Lower case letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. 2. The branch stock refers to the branch of the multiflora rose as the Chinese rose stock, and the root stock refers to the root segment of the multiflora rose as the Chinese rose stock. 3. The data is counted on the 370 th day after the grafted grafting root stock cutting slips are cut. Transplanting the survival seedlings into a plastic flowerpot with the caliber of the pot diameter multiplied by the height (160 mm multiplied by 175 mm) on the 190 th day after the cuttage of the grafted grafting root stock cuttings.
Table 2 shows that in example 1, root segments are used as rootstocks, only 2.2 lateral branches are germinated on each rootstock of 100 grafted seedlings of Chinese roses, which is far less than that of Chinese rose seedlings grafted by branches used as rootstocks in control 3 (the germination of lateral branches is reduced by 96.97% in example 1 compared with that of lateral branches germinated in control 3), and labor cost for removing sprouts of the rootstocks of the grafted seedlings is greatly saved.
TABLE 3 influence of cuttage propagation and different grafting propagation methods on the survival and quality of the 'Red DaVinci' rose
Note: in table 3, 1. Lower case letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. 2. The modified cutting grafting in example 1, i.e. the grafting method adopted by the present invention, differs from the conventional cutting grafting in control 6 and control 7 in that: in the improved grafting method, the incision of the root section inserted into the scion needs to be obliquely cut at 30 degrees by a grafting knife at one side of an upper shearing opening, the oblique cutting length is about 0.5cm, the middle part or the upper part of the oblique cutting surface is vertically cut towards the lower end direction of the root section by the grafting knife, and the exposed xylem is used as the grafting incision. In the conventional cutting grafting, a grafting knife is directly used for vertically cutting the lower end of the position, close to the cortex layer, of the cut on the stock, and the exposed xylem is used as a grafting cut. 3. And counting the data on the 370 th day after the grafted root stock cutting slips are cut. And (3) transplanting the survival seedlings into a plastic flowerpot with the caliber of the pot diameter multiplied by the height (160 mm multiplied by 175 mm) on the 190 th day after the cuttage of the grafted grafting root stock cuttings.
Table 3 shows that the survival rate of the grafted rose seedlings bred by the grafting method in example 1 is significantly different from that of control 4, control 6 and control 7, and the fresh weight of the plants is significantly different from that of control 4, control 5 and control 6, which indicates that example 1 can significantly improve the survival rate and quality of the grafted rose seedlings.
Example 2
If the cutting seedbed has no heating function, the method for grafting and cutting the roots of the roses in the courtyard for integrated propagation comprises the following steps (1) to (3) (namely the construction and management of a root-stock garden, the collection and treatment of the root stocks and the grafting) in the same example 1, and then storing the grafted root-stock cuttings, wherein the storage method comprises the following detailed operations:
storage of graft rootstock cuttings
The method comprises the steps of making a lining with non-woven fabrics with the thickness of 2-3 mm in a breathable plastic circulating basket with pores uniformly distributed on the periphery and the bottom surface of 60cm multiplied by 40cm multiplied by 17cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), completely paving the periphery and the basket bottom of the plastic circulating basket with the lining made of non-woven fabrics with the thickness of 2-3 mm, paving a layer of perlite with the thickness of 3-4 cm and the wet particle size of 3-4 mm on the basket bottom (the wet perlite is not easy to disperse and does not drip when the perlite is pinched by hands), horizontally placing grafting root stock cuttings on the perlite, enabling the distance between every two adjacent grafting root stock cuttings to be 1.5-2 cm, covering the grafting root stock cuttings with the wet perlite after being fully placed by one layer, and covering the grafting root stock cuttings with the thickness of 3-4 cm. Covering a layer of wet perlite with the thickness of 3-4 cm on the layer of grafting root stock cutting strip in the same way until the plastic basket is filled, covering the surface of the uppermost wet perlite tightly by using non-woven fabrics, and finally putting the plastic turnover basket filled with the grafting root stock cutting strip in a cold storage warehouse at the temperature of 5-7 ℃ for cold storage. During cold storage, water is added to the perlite in a spraying mode, so that the water content of the perlite is kept between 50 and 60 percent, and the grafting root stock cutting is prevented from losing water.
B cuttage
And (3) when the temperature outside the colorless and transparent plastic greenhouse rises to the lowest temperature of more than 10 ℃ in the day (about 3 months in Kunming area), cutting the stored grafting root stock cuttings, wherein the cutting method and the maintenance of the grafting root stock cuttings are the same as the step (4) and the step (5) in the example 1 except that the seedbed is not heated.
TABLE 4 Effect of different cutting seedbeds on the survival and quality of Red Da Vinci' China rose
Note: in table 4, 1. Lower case letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. 2. And counting the data on 186 days after the cutting of the grafted grafting root stock cutting.
Table 4 shows that, in example 2, the grafting root stock cutting slips are stored in a cold storage, and cutting is performed after the air temperature rises again, and the survival rate and the fresh weight of the plants are slightly smaller than those in example 1, which uses the winter heating seedbed cutting method, but the survival rate and the fresh weight of the plants are not significantly different. Example 1 and example 2 both differ significantly from control 8. Indicating the significant effect of the method of the invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should be also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of roots of courtyard China roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Construction and management of root-stock nursery
A polypropylene gardening ground fabric is laid on the flat ground,arranging strip-shaped cultivation grooves on the ground fabric, wherein the irrigation mode is drip irrigation; selecting multiflora rose as a rootstock, planting the multiflora rose Miao Shanpai in a cultivation groove filled with a matrix, and mixing the matrix with 4-6 kg of controlled release fertilizer applied to each cubic meter of the cultivation matrix; the culture medium is prepared by mixing peat, coconut chaff and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1: 1-1.5: 0.2-0.5, and the pH value of the medium is 6.0-7.0; the controlled release fertilizer is a full-nutrition controlled release fertilizer, and comprises 18% of N and 18% of P by mass 2 O 5 6%、K 2 O12%, mg 1.80%, S7.00%, cu 0.05%, fe 0.45%, mn 0.05%, zn 0.05%, mo 0.0005%; applying 1500-2000 times of quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer once by drip irrigation every 20-30 days in 3-10 months when multiflora rose seedlings grow vigorously every year, wherein the quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer is a balanced type total nutrient fertilizer and contains 20% of N and 20% of P in mass percentage 2 O 5 20%、K 2 O 20%、SO 3 0.84 percent of EDTA-Fe, 0.12 percent of EDTA-Mn, 0.06 percent of EDTA-Zn, 0.015 percent of EDTA-Cu, 0.02 percent of B, 0.01 percent of Mo and 0.17 percent of Na; 0.5 per mill of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is applied once every 15 to 20 days in 8 to 11 months every year;
(2) Collecting and processing rootstock
Taking an anvil from a rosa multiflora seedling planted for more than 2 years, and taking a substrate before the anvil to control water to ensure that the water content is 40-50%; detaching the groove wall at one side of the cultivation groove, cleaning the side matrix, exposing the side roots, cutting the side roots with the diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm and the length of more than or equal to 10cm to be used as root-grafted stocks, recovering the groove wall after collecting the root-grafted stocks and filling the matrix;
(3) Grafting
Grafting is carried out between the dormancy of the Chinese rose, namely 12 months early to 2 months middle of the next year, an improved cutting grafting method is adopted for grafting, and the specific operations are as follows: (1) scion treatment: selecting dormant, disease and insect pest free and strong growing branches of the courtyard China rose as scions, shearing single bud sections with plump bud points on the branches, wherein the branch sections are 2-2.5 cm long, the bud points are positioned in the middle or upper parts of the branch sections, the base parts of the branch sections are obliquely cut towards the bud side towards the base parts at an angle of 40-45 degrees by using a grafting knife, the obliquely cut length is 0.8-1.0 cm, the upper ends of the cuts are at least 0.5cm away from the bud points, the back bud side is vertically cut from the upper ends to the lower ends of the branch sections by using the grafting knife, the cut surfaces just expose wood parts, the vertical cut length is 1.5-1.8 cm, and the base parts of the branch sections are wedge angles of 25-30 degrees; (2) grafting: cutting the root grafting stock prepared in the step (2) into a root section with the length of 5-8 cm, and performing horizontal shearing on an upper shearing opening and performing oblique shearing on a lower shearing opening at an angle of 45-50 degrees; obliquely cutting one side of a cutting opening on the root section at an angle of 30-35 degrees by using a grafting knife, wherein the obliquely cutting length is 0.4-0.5 cm, vertically cutting the middle part or the upper part of the oblique cutting surface towards the lower end direction of the root section by using the grafting knife, cutting the bark part of the root section to expose the xylem, keeping the cut bark part connected with the root section, wherein the depth of the cut is 1.5-2 cm, outwards inserting the bud point and the base part of the scion processed in the step (3) and (1) into the cut of the cut root section, aligning the scion with the cambium layer on at least one side of the root section, and firmly binding the grafting opening by using a grafting film made of glutinous rice, namely the grafting root stock cutting strip;
(4) Cutting
(1) Cutting in a plastic greenhouse with a heating seedbed;
or (2) when the seedbed has no heating function, storing the grafting root stock cuttings, raising the temperature outside the plastic greenhouse to the lowest temperature of more than 10 ℃ day by day, cutting and maintaining on the seedbed without the heating function in the plastic greenhouse; the method for storing the grafting root stock cuttings is as follows: making a lining by using non-woven fabrics with the thickness of 2-3 mm in a breathable plastic turnover basket with holes uniformly distributed on the periphery and the bottom surface, completely paving the periphery and the basket bottom in the plastic turnover basket, paving a layer of perlite with the thickness of 3-4 cm and the wet particle size of 3-4 mm in the basket bottom, horizontally placing grafting root stock cuttings on the perlite, enabling the distance between every two adjacent grafting root stock cuttings to be 1.5-2 cm, covering the grafting root stock cuttings with the wet perlite after the grafting root stock cuttings are fully paved with the layer, and covering the grafting root stock cuttings with the thickness of 3-4 cm; covering a layer of wet perlite with the thickness of 3-4 cm on a layer of grafting root stock cutting strip in the same way until a plastic turnover basket is filled with the wet perlite, covering the surface of the uppermost layer of wet perlite tightly by using non-woven fabrics, finally placing the plastic turnover basket filled with the grafting root stock cutting strip in a cold storage warehouse at 5-7 ℃ for cold storage, and spraying water to supplement moisture to the stored grafting root stock cutting strip during cold storage so as to keep the water content of the perlite at 50-60%;
the cutting modes of the cuttage maintained in the plastic greenhouse with the heating seedbed and the cuttage maintained on the seedbed without the heating function in the plastic greenhouse are as follows:
putting a cuttage matrix into a forest plug, wherein the cuttage matrix is prepared by mixing coconut chaff and perlite according to the volume ratio of 5: 1-1.5; dipping the base part of the grafting root stock cutting in the step (3) in a rooting agent at a medium speed for 20-30 seconds, airing the surface moisture of the base part, and cutting the base part in a tree plug tray filled with a cutting medium; the concentration of the rooting agent is 1000ppm, the effective components are naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid, and the mass ratio of the naphthylacetic acid to the indolebutyric acid is 3-4: 1; the cutting depth of the grafting root stock cutting strip is 5-8 cm, the scion bud points on the grafting root stock cutting strip are exposed out of the surface of a cutting matrix, water is immediately poured after cutting is finished, and then the step of maintenance is carried out;
(5) Maintenance of grafting root stock cutting
(1) Maintaining the grafting rootstock cuttings in the plastic greenhouse with the heating seedbed: placing the tree hole tray which is provided with the grafting root stock cutting in the step (4) on a heating seedling bed, wherein the temperature of the heating seedling bed is 15-20 ℃, a plastic small arched shed is built above the Wen Miaochuang, the plastic small arched shed is covered with a sunshade net with the shading rate of 50-60%, the relative air humidity in the plastic small arched shed is 80-90%, when the root system of the grafting root stock cutting in the tree hole tray is full of the hole tray, the heating seedling bed stops heating, the shading rate of the sunshade net is reduced to 20-40%, the relative air humidity in the plastic small arched shed is reduced to 50-60%, the scion new bud on of the grafting root stock cutting is longer than 15cm, the scion is healed with the wound of the root section, and the transplanting standard is reached;
or (2) maintaining the grafting rootstock cuttings on the seedbed without the heating function in the plastic greenhouse: placing the tree hole tray which is provided with the grafting root stock cutting strips in the step (4) on a seedbed without a heating function in a plastic greenhouse, building a small plastic arched shed above the seedbed, covering a sunshade net with the shading rate of 50% -60% on the small plastic arched shed, wherein the relative humidity of air in the small plastic arched shed is 80% -90%, when the hole tray is full of root systems of the grafting root stock cutting strips in the tree hole tray, the shading rate of the sunshade net is reduced to 20% -40%, the relative humidity of air in the small plastic arched shed is reduced to 50% -60%, scion new buds on the grafting root stock cutting strips are grown to be more than 15cm, and the scions and the wounds of the root sections are healed, namely the transplanting standard is reached;
the cultivation groove in the step (1) is a bottomless cuboid cultivation groove which is formed by surrounding a plastic root controller plate with a raised hole on a commercially available plate surface for planting the nursery stock, and the width, the depth and the length of the cultivation groove are 50cm, 40cm and 10-50 m respectively; fixing the two side groove walls of the cultivation groove by iron wires every 1-1.2 m, wherein the fixing method comprises the following steps: an iron wire penetrates through the raised hole at the lower part of the first groove wall and penetrates through the raised hole at the lower part of the second groove wall, then penetrates through the raised hole at the upper part of the second groove wall and penetrates through the raised hole at the upper part of the first groove wall, and the head and the tail of the iron wire are connected and fastened at the outer wall of the first groove wall;
and (3) collecting the lateral roots on the other side of the cultivation groove as root-grafted rootstocks in the next year of collecting the rootstock roots in the step (2) by using the rootstock root collecting method in the step (2).
2. The method for root grafting and cutting integrated propagation of the courtyard Chinese rose according to claim 1, wherein the planting distance of the multi-rose Miao Shanpai in the step (1) is 40-50 cm.
3. The method for the root grafting and cutting integrated propagation of the courtyard China rose according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the fiber length of peat in the culture medium is 10-30 mm, the fiber length of coconut coir is 5-10 mm, and the particle size of perlite is 3-4 mm; in the step (4), the length of the coconut coir fibers in the cutting medium is 5-10 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-4 mm.
4. The method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of the roots of the courtyard China roses according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer efficiency release period of the controlled release fertilizer in the step (1) is 6-8 months.
5. The method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of the roots of the courtyard China roses according to claim 4, wherein after the fertilizer effect of the controlled-release fertilizer is completely released in the step (1), the controlled-release fertilizer is broadcast according to the proportion of applying 4kg of the controlled-release fertilizer to each cubic meter of the culture substrate, and the surface of the controlled-release fertilizer is covered with the substrate after application.
6. The method for grafting and cutting integrated propagation of roots of the courtyard China roses according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (5) (1) or (5) (2), 1200-1500 times of liquid 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed on the grafting root stock cuttings every 15-20 days; and spraying 1 per thousand potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution once every 15-20 days after 40 days of cuttage.
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