CN104145641A - Method for increasing differentiation rate and improving uprightness of buds of ipomoea batatas used as leaf vegetable in winter greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for increasing differentiation rate and improving uprightness of buds of ipomoea batatas used as leaf vegetable in winter greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104145641A CN104145641A CN201410342794.XA CN201410342794A CN104145641A CN 104145641 A CN104145641 A CN 104145641A CN 201410342794 A CN201410342794 A CN 201410342794A CN 104145641 A CN104145641 A CN 104145641A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing differentiation rate and improving uprightness of buds of ipomoea batatas used as a leaf vegetable in a winter greenhouse. The method includes the specific steps: (1) adding 2000-2500kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 20kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 20-30kg/mu of potassium nitrate into soil; (2) shearing robust ipomoea batatas seedlings 20-25cm in length, reserving 3-4 top leaves, removing spare leaves, and soaking the bottoms of the batatas seedlings in 150-200ppm rooting powder solution for 30 minutes before transplanting; (3) transplanting the ipomoea batatas seedlings according to planting density of 9000-10000/mu; (4) after 30 days of transplanting, spraying 30kg/mu of 100-150ppm uniconazole solution to the ground for the first time at five-six pm on the same day, and after that, spraying the equivalent amount of the 100-150ppm uniconazole solution once within 10-15 days before picking every time; (5) performing picking when top stem leaves grow to 10-15cm. By the method, the differentiation rate of the lateral buds of ipomoea batatas used as the leaf vegetable can be increased, and the plants are enabled to be compact, upright or semi-upright.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that improves the interior sweet potato used as leaf vegetable inductivity of booth in winter and orthostatic, belong to sweet potato planting technology field.
Background technology
Sweet potato (Ipomeoa batatas (L.) Lam.) is Convolvulaceae sweet potato genus crop, is that important in the world grain, feed, the raw material of industry and bioenergy used crop.For a long time, people mainly focus on the value of underground root of sweet potato, and have ignored the effect of overground part cauline leaf.As far back as the seventies in last century, Vegetable Research center, Asia Villareal has just proposed sweet potato stem tip, and to can be used as vegetables edible, and spoken highly of its nutritive value.The tender part of cauline leaf children that refers to the following 10～15cm of shoot tip meristem for sweet potato stem tip leaf vegetables.The nutritive value of sweet potato leaves and stems is far above sweet potato root tuber, according to related documents, in the fresh sweet potato leaves and stems of every 100g, moisture content 90.0g, protein 2.8g, fatty 0.8g, carbohydrate 4.1g, raw fiber 1.1g, calcium 16mg, phosphorus 34mg, iron 2.3mg, also contain the compositions such as carotin, vitamin b3, niacin, ascorbic acid.Sweet potato leaves and stems protein is hydrogeneous low, and energy is low, but its essential amino acid rich content containing, and amino acid pattern and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) recommendation is basically identical.In Sweet Potato, the content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin is very high.According to Chinese preventive medicine science research institute, detect, compare with 14 kinds of vegetables such as spinach, carrot, in 14 kinds of nutrient components, 13 indexs such as the protein of sweet potato leaves and stems, trace element, vitamin all rank first.
In general field, sweet potato used as leaf vegetable planting density is high, fertilizing amount is large, the excessive growth of easily crawling of main tendril, and branch is few, causes that lower end blade is blocked, early ageing, even withered, has a strong impact on vine yield and quality.University Of Agriculture and Forestry In Fujian's disclosed " a kind of production of sweet potato used as leaf vegetable and application ", its notification number is the Chinese invention patent of CN101861823B, Inst. of Agricultural Science, Longyan City, Fujian Prov.'s disclosed " family soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato ", its notification number is Chinese invention patent and Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences's disclosed " winter is sweet potato Nourishing Formulations for Water Cultivation and using method thereof for booth stem apex dish " of CN103392579A, its notification number is that the researchs such as the Chinese invention patent of CN103787722A are all produced sweet potato used as leaf vegetable from fertilizer nutrition angle, for sweet potato used as leaf vegetable efficient, safety in production provides support.Be the leaf vegetables supply shortage phase winter, and the sweet potato used as leaf vegetable with health care can be used as better supplementing of this period.How to solve that in winter booth, leaf vegetables is limited with growth of sweet potato, lateral bud is few, trunk diameter growth soon, is easily crawled the problems such as ground, is the major issue that the industry is needed solution badly.
Summary of the invention
Not enough for above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of method that improves the interior sweet potato used as leaf vegetable inductivity of booth in winter and orthostatic, sweet potato used as leaf vegetable lateral bud redifferentiation rate be can improve, and plant type compactness, upright or half vertical made.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
(1) screening varieties: selection axillalry bud regeneration capacity is strong, internode leaf vegetables potato seedling relatively short, that stem is thick;
(2) fertility promotes: to the fertilizer that adds 2000～2500kg/ mu in soil, fertilizer can increase soil organic matter content; Add the superphosphate of 20kg/ mu and the potassium nitrate of 20～30kg/ mu, nitrate fertilizer can effectively lower the discharge of pernicious gas in booth in winter;
(3) root system growth promotion: cut the healthy and strong potato seedling of long 20～25cm, retain top 3～4 leaves, remove unnecessary blade; Before planting, 150～200ppm rooting powder solution 30min is soaked in potato seedling bottom; Promote root growth in winter, prosperity;
(4) plant: by planting density, be 9000～10000 plants/acre and carry out potato seedling and plant;
(5) plant type is moulded: plant after 30 days, in 17 of the same day～18, o'clock for the first time ground sprays 100～150ppm uniconazole P solution 30kg/ mu, is selected in this period can reach lucifuge treatment effect, greatly reduces the degraded of chemical regulator; After this all before harvesting, in 10～15 days, spray 1 time a great deal of at every turn, utilize Root Absorption, reduce blade residual;
(6) pluck: pluck while growing into 10～15cm top cauline leaf is actual.
Compared with prior art, the present invention can improve sweet potato used as leaf vegetable lateral bud redifferentiation rate more than 30% and each hundred sharp fresh weights more than 10%, and makes compact, upright or half vertical of plant type, greatly improves sweet potato used as leaf vegetable output in winter, is also easy to pluck.
Embodiment
Below the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
Xu's dish potato has another name called potato (kingfisher) for No. 1 green No. 1, is the stem apex sweet potato used as leaf vegetable new varieties that the Xuzhou institute of agricultural sciences and academy of agricultural sciences, Zhejiang Province do the cooperation seed selection of core institute.Growth potential is strong, and stem apex is outstanding, sharp heart band tooth, and without fine hair, blade is less.Top, blade light green, vein, petiole, arteries and veins base, handle base, the climing green that is of stem, plant type half is upright.Long 10.8 ㎝ of petiole, thick 3.7 ㎜ of petiole, branch ability strong (11.1), thick 5.8 ㎜ of stem, long 4.4 ㎝ of internode.Mouthfeel delicate fragrance, lubricated for stem apex dish, without bitter taste, food flavor is better than curled mallow and water spinach.
Strong for No. 1 growth potential of Xu's dish potato, branch ability is strong, internode is short and thick, the feature such as plant type half is upright, improves in booth in winter No. 1 lateral bud redifferentiation rate of dish potato and plant type orthostatic concrete grammar slowly:
(1) spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2500kg/ mu, superphosphate 20kg/ mu; Join and execute potassium nitrate 25kg/ mu.
(2) cut the healthy and strong potato seedling of long 20～25cm, retain top 3～4 leaves, remove unnecessary blade, before planting, 150ppm rooting powder solution 30min is soaked in potato seedling bottom, promote its root growth;
(3) take planting density plants as 9000 plants/acre;
(4) plant after 30 days, in 17 of the same day～18, o'clock for the first time ground sprays 100ppm uniconazole P solution 30kg/ mu, after this all within 10～15 days before harvesting, sprays 1 time a great deal of;
(5) pluck while growing into 10～15cm top cauline leaf is actual.
No. 1, Xu's dish potato is more cold-resistant, and under soil nutrient balance, the present invention can significantly improve its root system in booth in winter to the absorbing of nutrient component, and makes sweet potato stem tip growth vigorous, and lateral bud redifferentiation rate is high, leaf color jade green, blade thickness, and plant type is upright or half vertical.Compare with general conventional cultivation technology, this kind lateral bud redifferentiation rate improves more than 30%, and each hundred sharp fresh weights increase more than 10%.
Embodiment 2:
No. 2, peaceful dish potato, former system number peaceful dish 4～2, by the Nanjing institute of agricultural sciences to main leaf vegetables with kind further screen, evaluation and crossbreeding, the stem apex that selects is emerald green, food flavor is pure, without the stem apex sweet potato used as leaf vegetable kind of bitter taste and clean taste, in March, 2012 is by national variety identification.Its feature is that aerial growth is vigorous, and base portion branch is many, 10～12 of individual plant branches, and output is high; Short climing half uprightly, and petiole is long, and blade is large, the heart-shaped band of blade point tooth, and after slaking, color and luster is emerald green; Cold resistance is strong, is applicable to Jiangsu and northern area growth, and winter is energy normal growth in sun light green house, is to be applicable to green a kind of novel leaf vegetables greengrocery substitute of producing.
For features such as No. 2 petioles of peaceful dish potato are long, growth potential is strong, plant type half is upright, improve No. 2 lateral bud redifferentiation rates of peaceful dish potato and plant type orthostatic concrete grammar:
(1) spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2000kg/ mu, superphosphate 20kg/ mu; Join and execute potassium nitrate 20kg/ mu.
(2) cut the healthy and strong potato seedling of long 20～25cm, retain top 3～4 leaves, remove unnecessary blade, before planting, 150ppm rooting powder solution 30min is soaked in potato seedling bottom, promote its root growth;
(3) take planting density plants as 10000 plants/acre;
(4) plant after 30 days, in 17 of the same day～18, o'clock for the first time ground sprays 150ppm uniconazole P solution 30kg/ mu, after this all within 10～15 days before harvesting, sprays 1 time a great deal of;
(5) pluck while growing into 10～15cm top cauline leaf is actual.
No. 2, peaceful dish potato is more cold-resistant, under soil nutrient balance, suitably increases planting density, lowers amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, increases modifier concentration, suppresses petiole, intercalary growth.The present invention can improve its root system in winter booth to the absorbing of nutrient component, and makes the stem growth of sweet potato top vigorous, and lateral bud redifferentiation rate is high, and petiole, internode shorten, and plant type is upright or half vertical.Compare with general conventional cultivation technology, this kind lateral bud redifferentiation rate improves more than 32%, and each hundred sharp fresh weights increase more than 12%.
Embodiment 3:
Good fortune potato 7～6th, Fujian Academy crop institute forms by " victory in vain " plan group selection cross for 2003,2005 by national variety identification, be China first by sweet potato used as leaf vegetable new varieties of provincial authorization and national evaluation.Plant type is short climing partly upright, 8～10 of individual plant branches, and blade is heart-shaped, stem apex 74.4kg/ time of per mu yield leaf vegetables.Fresh and tender cauline leaf (fresh base) Vc content 14.87mg/100g, crude protein (oven dry base) 30.8%, crude fat (oven dry base) 5.6%, raw fiber (oven dry base) 14.2%, Water-soluble Total Sugar (fresh base) 0.06%.The plant type of good fortune potato 7～6, leaf, color, growing way and the sense of food utmost point are as curled mallow, and after stem apex slaking, color tool is good.
For good fortune potato 7～6 lateral buds relatively less, the feature such as growth potential is relatively weak, improve peaceful No. 2 lateral bud redifferentiation rates of dish potato and plant type orthostatic concrete grammar in booth in winter:
(1) spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2500kg/ mu, superphosphate 20kg/ mu; Join and execute potassium nitrate 30kg/ mu;
(2) cut and be about the healthy and strong potato seedling of 20～25cm, retain top 3～4 leaves, remove unnecessary blade, before planting, 200ppm rooting powder solution 30min is soaked in potato seedling bottom, promote its root growth;
(3) take planting density plants as 9000 plants/acre;
(4) plant after 30 days, in 17 of the same day～18, o'clock for the first time ground sprays 100ppm uniconazole P solution 30kg/ mu, after this all within 10～15 days before harvesting, sprays 1 time a great deal of;
(5) when the actual growth of top cauline leaf 10～15cm, pluck.
Warm, humid climate growth that good fortune potato 7～6 is applicable to, in booth, need heat moisturizing in the winter time, increases amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.The present invention can improve good fortune potato 7～6 lateral bud redifferentiation rates in booth in winter, sweet potato top stem normal growth, and plant type is compact, is upright or half vertical.Compare with general conventional cultivation technology, this kind lateral bud redifferentiation rate improves more than 30%, and each hundred sharp fresh weights increase more than 10%.
Experimental data:
Choose size, similar 50 No. 1, strain Xu dish potatos, No. 2, the peaceful dish potato of 50 strain and the 50 strain good fortune potatos 7～6 of shape, the potato seedling of three kinds of kinds is divided into two groups, be respectively experimental group and control group; Under the identical environment of planting conditions, to each potato seed seedling of experimental group, adopt the method for the invention described above to cultivate, and each potato seed seedling of control group adopt common potato seeding cultivating method; Investigation result is as following table in 110 day vegetative period:
Table 1 is the average lateral bud redifferentiation rate contrast of 3 kinds
| Group | No. 1, Xu's dish potato | No. 2, peaceful dish potato | Good fortune potato 7～6 |
| Experimental group (individual/strain) | 25.5 | 28.3 | 26.5 |
| Control group (individual/strain) | 19.1 | 20.8 | 19.6 |
Table 2 is each hundred sharp fresh weight contrasts of 3 kinds
| Group | No. 1, Xu's dish potato | No. 2, peaceful dish potato | Good fortune potato 7～6 |
| Experimental group (the each hundred sharp fresh weights of g/) | 405 | 823 | 692 |
| Control group (the each hundred sharp fresh weights of g/) | 360 | 740 | 620 |
By table 1 and table 2 result, drawn, in the experimental group that employing the present invention cultivates, three potato seed seedlings are with respect to three potato seed seedlings in the control group that adopts common breeding method to cultivate, and its average lateral bud redifferentiation rate and each hundred sharp fresh weights have all improved more than 30% and 10%.
Claims (1)
1. a method that improves the interior sweet potato used as leaf vegetable inductivity of booth in winter and orthostatic, is characterized in that, its concrete steps are:
(1) fertility promotes: to the potassium nitrate that adds the fertilizer of 2000～2500kg/ mu, the superphosphate of 20kg/ mu and 20～30kg/ mu in soil;
(2) root system growth promotion: cut the healthy and strong potato seedling of long 20～25cm, retain top 3～4 leaves, remove unnecessary blade; Before planting, 150～200ppm rooting powder solution 30min is soaked in potato seedling bottom;
(3) plant: by planting density, be 9000～10000 plants/acre and carry out potato seedling and plant;
(4) plant type is moulded: plant after 30 days, in 17 of the same day～18, o'clock for the first time ground sprays 100～150ppm uniconazole P solution, and the amount of spraying is 30kg/ mu, after this all before harvesting, sprays 1 time in 10～15 days a great deal of at every turn;
(5) pluck: pluck while growing into 10～15cm top cauline leaf is actual.
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Citations (6)
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| JPH0466031A (en) * | 1990-07-04 | 1992-03-02 | Eezai Seikaken Kk | Mass proliferation of disease-free seedling of breeder's stock |
| CN101861823A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-20 | 福建农林大学 | Production and application of sweet potato used as leaf vegetable |
| CN103314754A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-09-25 | 山东省农业科学院 | Sweet potato cultivation method using whole-course chemical control |
| CN103392579A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-11-20 | 福建省龙岩市农业科学研究所 | Family type soilless cultivation method of leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes |
| CN103787722A (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2014-05-14 | 徐州市农业科学院 | Sweet potato water culture nutrient solution formula for winter greenhouse stem tip vegetables and usage method thereof, |
| CN103891503A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Method for cultivating leaf sweet potatoes in greenhouse of north |
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2014
- 2014-07-17 CN CN201410342794.XA patent/CN104145641B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0466031A (en) * | 1990-07-04 | 1992-03-02 | Eezai Seikaken Kk | Mass proliferation of disease-free seedling of breeder's stock |
| CN101861823A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-20 | 福建农林大学 | Production and application of sweet potato used as leaf vegetable |
| CN103314754A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-09-25 | 山东省农业科学院 | Sweet potato cultivation method using whole-course chemical control |
| CN103392579A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-11-20 | 福建省龙岩市农业科学研究所 | Family type soilless cultivation method of leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes |
| CN103787722A (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2014-05-14 | 徐州市农业科学院 | Sweet potato water culture nutrient solution formula for winter greenhouse stem tip vegetables and usage method thereof, |
| CN103891503A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Method for cultivating leaf sweet potatoes in greenhouse of north |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 冯昭等: "茎尖菜用红薯越冬保护地栽培技术", 《上海蔬菜》 * |
| 甘金初: "烯效唑在甘薯上的应用研究初报", 《江西农业科技》 * |
| 童相兵等: "甘薯块根肥大初期喷施烯效唑试验初报", 《上海农业科技》 * |
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Inventor after: Tang Zhonghou Inventor after: Chen Xiaoguang Inventor after: Sun Jinyou Inventor after: Shi Xinmin Inventor after: Wei Meng Inventor after: Zhang Aijun Inventor after: Li Hongmin Inventor before: Tang Zhonghou Inventor before: Chen Xiaoguang Inventor before: Shi Xinmin Inventor before: Wei Meng Inventor before: Zhang Aijun Inventor before: Li Hongmin |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: TANG ZHONGHOU CHEN XIAOGUANG SHI XINMIN WEI MENG ZHANG AIJUN LI HONGMIN TO: TANG ZHONGHOU CHEN XIAOGUANG SUN JINYOU SHI XINMIN WEI MENG ZHANG AIJUN LI HONGMIN |
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