CN103772074A - Long-acting fertilizer specially used for dry-farming sweet potatoes and preparation method for long-acting fertilizer - Google Patents
Long-acting fertilizer specially used for dry-farming sweet potatoes and preparation method for long-acting fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103772074A CN103772074A CN201310730862.5A CN201310730862A CN103772074A CN 103772074 A CN103772074 A CN 103772074A CN 201310730862 A CN201310730862 A CN 201310730862A CN 103772074 A CN103772074 A CN 103772074A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a long-acting fertilizer specially used for dry-farming sweet potatoes and a preparation method for the long-acting fertilizer. The fertilizer is granular and comprises three layers of structures, namely a fertilizer kernel, a wrapping film coating layer and a water-retaining agent coating layer in sequence from inside to outside. The kernel of the long-acting fertilizer specially used for the dry-farming sweet potatoes contains effective components such as a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphorus fertilizer, a potassic fertilizer and a composite micro fertilizer which are specially suitable for the sweet potatoes; the wrapping film coating layer controls the speed of water entering a film and controls and regulates release of nutrition; the water-retaining agent coating layer can effectively retain water in soil and rainwater; lateral seepage runoff and water evaporation are alleviated, and front and middle-stage growth of the sweet potatoes is guaranteed. The preparation method for the fertilizer is implemented through one-time spraying; the technically occupied space is small, the equipment investment is small, the preparation process is simple and the energy consumption is low; the wrapping film material is low in cost, so that the price of the fertilizer is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation field of farm crop fertilizer and fertilizer, particularly a kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In prior art, special fertilizer for sweet potato is to be mixed according to a certain percentage by the chemical fertilizer of simple substance that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer.Nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilizer material used, as urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, bicarbonate of ammonia etc., is easy to produce ammonia loss by volatilization on calcareous soil after using, meanwhile, after the nitrobacteria role transformation in soil is nitric nitrogen, easier leaching loss and loss; And phosphorus element in fertilizer also easily with soil in the long insoluble of Ca, Mg and Fe aluminium plasma symphysis precipitate; Potassium element is easily fixed by 2:1 type clay mineral; Not only cause the utilization ratio of fertilizer lower, cause the wasting of resources, and in fertilizer, the leaching loss of nutrient also can cause the eutrophication pollution of water body with running off.
For extending the fertilizer efficiency time, existing slow-releasing fertilizer is the controlled-release of additives that adds 1.5-2.0% in fertilizer, for example Chinese patent application open (CN1308042A), and controlled-release of additives is selected humic acid, Dyhard RU 100, quinhydrones.The filmcoated controlled release fertilizer also having is the coating coating that has slowly-releasing to put in the outside of fertilizer kernel, coated fertilizer selective polymer, the for example Chinese patent (ZL95190939.8) of company of U.S. application, first to spray one deck sulphur coating by the rotating cylinder of two series connection on the surface of urea granules, and then the polymeric sealant of spraying one deck diisocyanates.This secondary spraying coating process takes up an area greatly, facility investment is more, preparation flow is complicated, affect promoting the use of of fertilizer, and simple urea granules is not suitable for sweet potato and uses whole breeding time, the release profiles of its fertilizer nutrient and sweet potato need fertile absorption curve usually inconsistent.
Summary of the invention
The many defects that exist for prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato and preparation method thereof, solve that common fertilizer easily runs off, fertilizer efficiency reduction that lack of water causes etc., not only can extend the fertilizer efficiency time, but also can meet the sweet potato whole breeding time of the problem to fertilizer needs; And solve that existing slow release long-acting fertilizer is expensive, the technical problem of complex process.
A kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, this fertilizer is particulate state, comprises three-decker, is followed successively by from inside to outside fertilizer kernel, coating coating and water-holding agent coating;
Fertilizer kernel accounts for 75～85% of fertilizer gross weight;
Coating coating accounts for fertilizer gross weight: 8～15%;
Water-holding agent coating accounts for fertilizer gross weight: 5～10%;
1) in described fertilizer kernel, contain nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and additive, the weight ratio that in fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer calculate take purity nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide respectively as: 1: 1～2: 1～4; In described fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from one or more the combination in urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate; Phosphate fertilizer is selected from one or more the combination in ammonium phosphate, double superhosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; Potash fertilizer is selected from one or both combination of potassium sulfate and Repone K.Additive in described fertilizer kernel is xanthohumic acid, urease inhibitor, light calcium carbonate and/or compound trace element fertilizer; Described compound trace element fertilizer is selected from one or more the combination in zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid.
2) described coating coating contains the following one-tenth that accounts for weight of fertilizer per-cent and is grouped into: 5-10% containing 0.05-0.5% ammonium chloride and the urea formaldehyde of 0.01-1% thiocarbamide, the polyethylene wax of 3-5%; In coating coating, also can contain the nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent of the nitrification inhibitor type that accounts for coating coating wt 0-5%, described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is selected from Dyhard RU 100 and the chloro-6-(trichloromethyl of 2-) one or both combination in pyridine;
3) described water-holding agent coating is sodium polyacrylate polymer water-holding agent.
2. method concrete steps of preparing above-mentioned long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato are as follows:
1), prefabricated fertilizer kernel: each straight fertilizer is dropped in stirring mixer in proportion, mix, granulation, dries, and sieves out the solid particulate that needs size; In the granulating working procedure of fertilizer kernel, can adopt rotary drum steam granulation, disc granulation or spray granulating technique, fertilizer kernel is that particle diameter is the ball-shaped particulate state fertilizer of 2.5-3.5mm; Bake out temperature is 80-120 ℃;
2), spraying coating: the fertilizer kernel that completes granulation is sent in fluidized-bed film applicator, with atomisation unit, the various materials of coating coating are synchronously sprayed to the surface of fertilizer kernel, be cured coating processing under 70-100 ℃ of condition;
3), by step 2) fertilizer after coating, adhere to sodium polyacrylate polymer water-holding agent as water-holding agent coating at the superficies of fertilizer by rolling; Obtain long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato.
Beneficial effect: long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato kernel of the present invention contains and is specially adapted for the effective ingredients such as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the compound trace element fertilizer of sweet potato, according to the fertile ratio of the need of sweet potato and fertile time of need, the macroelement such as the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium first growth of sweet potato being needed and trace element with simple substance or compound fertilizer according to suitable ratio, after the processes such as granulation, oven dry becomes fertilizer kernel, then there is certain thickness coating coating and wrap up in multiple one deck water-holding agent figure layer by the synchronous spraying of a rotary drum fluid-bed technique.This coating coating and water-holding agent figure layer are the compound coatings with slowly-releasing water conservation, and its effect is to block water, and improve the toughness of coating layer, strengthen the tack between coating coating and fertilizer kernel, and coating sealing continuity is good.By controlling the mol ratio of urea and formaldehyde in urea formaldehyde, the densification that can regulate and control urea formaldehyde and the polyethylene wax composite membrane usefulness that blocks water.Control moisture and enter the speed in film, the release of regulation and control nutrient.And water-holding agent coating can effectively be protected and be held soil moisture and rainwater, reduce side seepage paths stream and moisture transpiration, guarantee the mid-early stage growth of sweet potato.The preparation method of this fertilizer has once sprayed, and technique occupation of land is less, facility investment is less, preparation flow is simple, power consumption is few, and coated fertilizer cost is low, fertilizer price reduces greatly.
In the long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato of the present invention, the proportioning of each nutrient is applicable to the needs of growth of sweet potato very much, control owing to having in long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato the coating discharging, its nutrient release profiles needs fertile absorption curve consistent with sweet potato, can meet in time the demand of sweet potato to nutrient, can control again release simultaneously, prevent that nutrient from, by leaching loss and fixing, improving utilization rate of fertilizer more than 5 percentage points.The present invention is administering long-lasting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato in the time of sweet potato ridging, or disposable employed when sweet potato cuttage, both can regulate and control nutrient discharges, extends the fertilizer efficiency time, can meet again the sweet potato whole breeding time of the needs to fertilizer, need in the breeding time of sweet potato, not topdress again, can avoid the infringement of common fertilizer to sweet potato's seedlings, prevent excessive growth in early stage, later stage fertilizer deficiency, the particularly supply of later stage potassium element.This fertilizer has single-dose application can meet the feature to nutrient requirement in sweet potato time of infertility; permanent and the safety of fertilizer efficiency; easy, saving fertilizer applies fertilizer; save recruitment, improve fertilizer efficiency, protection of the environment; both can be used as base manure and once applied, also can be in the time of sweet potato cuttage simultaneously with seed manure or the form of topdressing of spreading manuer in holes apply, can during growth of sweet potato, continue to supply sweet potato nutrient; according to the breeding time of sweet potato, its nutrient-lapsed time can be set as 45～120 days.By reducing fertilizer amount, both can save manure resources and don't need peasant to increase investment, be the special fertilizer for sweet potato of environment-friendly type, point-and-shoot.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, concrete raw material and preparation method are as follows:
(1), prefabricated fertilizer kernel: by the nutrient P of 200kg
2o
5content is 40% powdery double superhosphate, the K of 480kg
2o content is 50% potassium sulfate, the agramon of 55kg, and 25kg xanthohumic acid drops in stirring mixer, mixes.
Use the granulation of spray granulating technique, concrete is: the powdery double superhosphate, potassium sulfate, agramon, the additive that have mixed are sent in granulation cylinder.By 100kg urea melting, adopt spray granulating technique, be sprayed in the fertilizer compound in granulating cylinder, again through 90 ℃ of oven dry, be sieved into the ball-shaped particulate state fertilizer kernel that particle diameter is 2.5-3.5mm, the weight ratio that wherein in fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer calculate take purity nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide respectively as: 8.3～9.5～27.9.
(2), spraying coating: the fertilizer kernel that completes granulation is sent in fluidized-bed film applicator, temperature is controlled at 100 ℃, will synchronously be sprayed at the surface of fertilizer kernel containing 0.5% ammonium chloride and the urea formaldehyde solution 60kg of 1% thiocarbamide and the polyethylene wax of 30kg with atomisation unit;
(3) last, stick 50kg sodium polyacrylate water-holding agent at the superficies of fertilizer by rolling.After coating processes, be long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato.
The fertilizer of preparing by aforesaid method, the weight of coating coating and water-holding agent coating accounts for 14% of fertilizer gross weight, and the slowly-releasing cycle is 90 days.
In technique and material and the present embodiment in above-mentioned identical situation, material in step (2) is replaced with to urea formaldehyde solution 93kg and the 40kg polyethylene wax containing 0.5% ammonium chloride and 1% thiocarbamide, in the fertilizer of preparation, the weight of coating coating and water-holding agent coating accounts for 17.6% of fertilizer gross weight, and slow-release period is 120 days.
Such long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato is suitable for northern hills area drought unfertile land soil.
Embodiment 2:
Long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato containing trace element zinc can be prepared by following steps.
(1), prefabricated fertilizer kernel: 50kg agramon, 110kg N-P
2o
5-K
2o nutrient content is 12～55～0 powdery monoammonium phosphate, the K of 480kg
2o content is 50% potassium sulfate, zinc content 24% zinc sulfate 42kg, and 38kg xanthohumic acid mixes.The above-mentioned fertilizer having mixed is sent in granulation cylinder.
140kg urea melting, adopt spray granulating technique, the 140kg urea of melting is all sprayed in the fertilizer compound in granulating cylinder, and control reach suitable size, be the special fertilizer for sweet potato (also containing 1% trace element zinc) of nutrient content 11.7～7～27.9.This granulating working procedure also can adopt rotary drum steam granulation or disc granulation.In baking operation, the oven dry granulating temperature of drying kiln is 100 ℃.In screening operation, its kernel is that particle diameter is the ball-shaped particulate state fertilizer of 2.5～3.5mm.
(2), spraying coating: the fertilizer kernel that completes granulation is sent in fluidized-bed film applicator, with atomisation unit, the urea formaldehyde solution 60kg containing 0.5% ammonium chloride and 1% thiocarbamide solidifying agent and 30kg polyethylene wax are synchronously sprayed to the surface of fertilizer kernel;
(3) last, stick 50kg sodium polyacrylate water-holding agent at the superficies of fertilizer by rolling.After coating processes, be long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato.
Composition and the content of this long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato are: after nitrogen in long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, phosphorus, potassium folding synthetic nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide, and three's weight and be 42 ± 1% of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato weight; The weight of release-controlled film accounts for 14% of fertilizer gross weight, and the controlled release phase is 90 days.
In technique and material and the present embodiment in above-mentioned identical situation, material in step (2) is replaced with: containing urea formaldehyde solution 93kg and the 40kg polyethylene wax of 0.5% ammonium chloride and 1% thiocarbamide solidifying agent, in the fertilizer of preparation, the weight of coating coating and water-holding agent coating accounts for 18.3% of fertilizer gross weight, and slow-release period is 120 days.
Embodiment 3:
In the situation that manufacture craft is identical with embodiment 1 and 2, regulate kind and the proportioning of material, the fertilizer kernel that made is different, as shown in table 1:
Table 1 fertilizer kernel combination matching is selected
Described additive 1 is selected from one or more the mixture in xanthohumic acid, urease inhibitor and light calcium carbonate; Described additive 2 is compound trace element fertilizer, is selected from one or more the combination in zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid.
Coating coating in its spraying of outside of fertilizer kernel is different with the thickness of water-holding agent figure layer, and in coating coating, the material mixture ratio difference of solidifying agent can be produced the dedicated fertilizer (in table 2) of different slow-release time and water retention capacity.
The combination matching of table 2 coating coating and water-holding agent figure layer material is selected
Described solidifying agent is the composition that accounts for the 0.05-0.5% ammonium chloride of urea formaldehyde weight and account for the 0.01-1% thiocarbamide of urea formaldehyde weight.
Claims (2)
1. a long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, this fertilizer is particulate state, comprises three-decker, is followed successively by from inside to outside fertilizer kernel, coating coating and water-holding agent coating; It is characterized in that:
Fertilizer kernel accounts for 75～85% of fertilizer gross weight;
Coating coating accounts for fertilizer gross weight: 8～15%;
Water-holding agent coating accounts for fertilizer gross weight: 5～10%;
1) in described fertilizer kernel, contain nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and additive, the weight ratio that in fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer calculate take purity nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide respectively as: 1: 1～2: 1～4; In described fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from one or more the combination in urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate; Phosphate fertilizer is selected from one or more the combination in ammonium phosphate, double superhosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; Potash fertilizer is selected from one or both combination of potassium sulfate and Repone K.Additive in described fertilizer kernel is xanthohumic acid, urease inhibitor, light calcium carbonate and/or compound trace element fertilizer; Described compound trace element fertilizer is selected from one or more the combination in zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid.
2) described coating coating contains the following one-tenth that accounts for weight of fertilizer per-cent and is grouped into: 5-10% containing 0.05-0.5% ammonium chloride and the urea formaldehyde of 0.01-1% thiocarbamide, the polyethylene wax of 3-5%; In coating coating, also can contain the nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent of the nitrification inhibitor type that accounts for coating coating wt 0-5%, described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is selected from Dyhard RU 100 and the chloro-6-(trichloromethyl of 2-) one or both combination in pyridine;
3) described water-holding agent coating is sodium polyacrylate polymer water-holding agent.
2. prepare a method for long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1), prefabricated fertilizer kernel: each straight fertilizer is dropped in stirring mixer in proportion, mix, granulation, dries, and sieves out the solid particulate that needs size; In the granulating working procedure of fertilizer kernel, can adopt rotary drum steam granulation, disc granulation or spray granulating technique, fertilizer kernel is that particle diameter is the ball-shaped particulate state fertilizer of 2.5-3.5mm; Bake out temperature is 80-120 ℃;
2), spraying coating: the fertilizer kernel that completes granulation is sent in fluidized-bed film applicator, with atomisation unit, the various materials of coating coating are synchronously sprayed to the surface of fertilizer kernel, be cured coating processing under 70-100 ℃ of condition;
3), by step 2) fertilizer after coating, adhere to sodium polyacrylate polymer water-holding agent as water-holding agent coating at the superficies of fertilizer by rolling; Obtain long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato.
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