CN102369829B - Method for raising seedlings of purple sweet potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for raising seedlings of purple sweet potatoes. The method is implemented by using double-plastic-film and cold bed greenhouses, so that an effect of raising seedlings timely, raising enough seedlings and raising strong seedlings can be achieved, thereby greatly reducing the cost of seedling raising; and meanwhile, the method is also implemented by using a seedling exercising technique so as to improve the quality of potato seedlings and the survival rate of transplanted potato seedlings. Compared with methods for raising seedlings through electrical heating or coal heating, the production cost is reduced by 30%; compared with techniques for raising seedlings by using small-and-medium-sized single-plastic-film and cold bed greenhouses, the date of seedling emergence is advanced by 7-10 days, and the seedling emergence rate is increased by 25%; and compared with traditional seedling raising methods, the benefits can be increased by about 30%.

Description

A kind of purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method

Technical field

The present invention relates to botanical seedling culturing propagation and cultivation technical field.Relate in particular to a kind of purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method.

Background technology

Purple sweet potato is rich in the health substance of classes such as anthocyan to human nutrition due to it, extremely people pay close attention to, and can eat raw, extracts pigment, processes full powder, process leisure food, and the market demand is vigorous, and planting benefit is higher.It is the primary link that purple sweet potato produces that purple sweet potato is grown seedlings, and only cultivates seedling guarantee and plants in good time.There is sufficient potato seedling, guarantee cultivated area and suitable density.Only has strong potato seedling, guarantee high yield.Current common seedling growing process has two kinds, and a kind of seedlings canopy is cultivated, the method electricity consumption or coal heating, organic fertilizer fermentation heating, the complex manufacturing, cost of growing seedlings is high, another kind is grown seedlings for the little middle canopy of cold bed, and the method is emerged slowly, output of seedling is few, is difficult to meet peasant household's demand.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention be exactly for above-mentioned situation provide that a kind of technique is simple, cost is low, fast, the many purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method of emerging of emerging.

Object of the present invention can realize by following scheme: a kind of purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method, and concrete steps are as follows:

(1) the whole ground of selection of land

Select leeward facing south, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil is porous, and nearly plot of not planting potato class for 3 years, executes farm organic fertilizer 45000-60000kg/hm winter ², plough deeply 10 days sealing fertilizer 2250kg/hm before growing seedlings one time ², N, the P in described composite fertilizer, the ratio of K are N: P: K=15: 15: 15, rotary tillage leveling, made between the wide furrow of 1m, furrow and furrow and do the wide low bank of earth between fields of 25cm, treads, and loosening the soil in the middle of furrow climbed on the ridge, furrow are long is 30m left and right;

(2) build canopy overlay film

The wide 5m of canopy, high 2.5m, does 4 furrow seedling beds in canopy, and for frame, cement, reinforcing bar are made or put up frame with bamboo plate, depressed semicircle shape, intersects and fixes in length and breadth, and canopy film selects 0.065mm long-lived without dripping a film, the wide 8m of film, film external application canopy line is fixed, and enters booth within first 5 days, build film at purple potato;

(3) seed selection vernalization

Before growing seedlings 1 week, select single heavy 100-150g, without breakage, scab, mildew and rot potato seed, in cellar or room cellar for storing things, adopt high temperature vernalization, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to eye, before seeding, use doubly the soak seed potato 5 minutes of water-reducible 50% carbendazol of temperature through 300-400, pick up and dry, enter seeding in canopy;

(4) science seeding

35-40 days row's potatos before planting, In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River is the seeding phase at the beginning of late Febuary to 3 month, seed feeding method is flat raft, potato block gap 1cm, potato seed head is all to a direction, potato seedling is evenly distributed, seeding should be shallow, the above potato seed of 100g is 3cm, the following potato seed of 100g is 1.5cm, make potato seed smooth one-tenth plane on furrow, after seeding, water permeable 1 time, earthing 1cm left and right in potato seed, cannot see potato seed, on soil, cover again the ridge chaff ash that one deck 0.3-0.5cm is thick, finally cover 0.004mm heavy back film, surrounding compacting, compacting in evening horticultural covering film two ends, on mulch film, add lid layer straw mat, open daytime and take away straw mat,

(5) seedbed management with cut seedling

After seeding, through about 25 days, come up, while reaching 60-70% when coming up, note temperature control, open mulch film daytime, in case high temperature burns seedling; Cover back at dusk mulch film insulation, in order to avoid nighttime temperature drops to 12 DEG C of following frostbite seedling, when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet leaf, when reaching 20cm, to open height of seedling canopy film two ends, aeration-cooling, restrain the growth of seedlings and hardening, do not topdress after cutting for the first time seedling, only need water a small amount of water just, cut seedling later at every turn and stop watering for first 4 days, suppress the growth of potato seedling, cultivate strong sprout, seedling, cut seedling from cutting for the second time at every turn, need impose 150kg/hm ²urea or water night soil, the natural pond liquid after dilution, and water immediately, to being exposed to outer potato seed coverings of will earthing up in time, urge it and root, when growing to 7-8 sheet leaf, just cuts seedling seedling, under normal weather, within 7 days, cut seedling one time, after cutting, irrigate water one time, if will start booth two ends when fine day temperature of shed exceedes 40 DEG C, make its ventilation, within first 3 days, will take off film hardening cutting seedling at every turn, whole nursery stage is cut seedling 7-8 time.

The present invention heats the production cost reduction by 30% of growing seedlings than electricity consumption or coal, than the Zao 7-10 days of emerging of middle hut monofilm propagating seeding in cold frame, has more seedling 25%, and benefit increases by 30% left and right than traditional seedling-cultivating method.

Claims (1)

1. a purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method, its concrete steps are as follows:

(1) the whole ground of selection of land

Select leeward facing south, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil is porous, and nearly plot of not planting potato class for 3 years, executes farm organic fertilizer 45000-60000kg/hm winter ², plough deeply 10 days sealing fertilizer 2250kg/hm before growing seedlings one time ², N, the P in described composite fertilizer, the ratio of K are N: P: K=15: 15: 15, rotary tillage leveling, made between the wide furrow of 1m, furrow and furrow and do the wide low bank of earth between fields of 25cm, treads, and loosening the soil in the middle of furrow climbed on the ridge, furrow are long is 30m left and right;

(2) build canopy overlay film

The wide 5m of canopy, high 2.5m, does 4 furrow seedling beds in canopy, and for frame, cement, reinforcing bar are made or put up frame with bamboo plate, depressed semicircle shape, intersects and fixes in length and breadth, and canopy film selects 0.065mm long-lived without dripping a film, the wide 8m of film, film external application canopy line is fixed, and enters booth within first 5 days, build film at purple potato;

(3) seed selection vernalization

Before growing seedlings 1 week, select single heavy 100-150g, without breakage, scab, mildew and rot potato seed, in cellar or room cellar for storing things, adopt high temperature vernalization, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to eye, before seeding, use doubly the soak seed potato 5 minutes of water-reducible 50% carbendazol of temperature through 300-400, pick up and dry, enter seeding in canopy;

(4) science seeding

35-40 days row's potatos before planting, In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River is the seeding phase at the beginning of late Febuary to 3 month, seed feeding method is flat raft, potato block gap 1cm, potato seed head is all to a direction, potato seedling is evenly distributed, seeding should be shallow, the above potato seed of 100g is 3cm, the following potato seed of 100g is 1.5cm, make potato seed smooth one-tenth plane on furrow, after seeding, water permeable 1 time, earthing 1cm left and right in potato seed, cannot see potato seed, on soil, cover again the ridge chaff ash that one deck 0.3-0.5cm is thick, finally cover 0.004mm heavy back film, surrounding compacting, compacting in evening horticultural covering film two ends, on mulch film, add lid layer straw mat, open daytime and take away straw mat,

(5) seedbed management with cut seedling

After seeding, through about 25 days, come up, while reaching 60-70% when coming up, note temperature control, open mulch film daytime, in case high temperature burns seedling; Cover back at dusk mulch film insulation, in order to avoid nighttime temperature drops to 12 DEG C of following frostbite seedling, when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet leaf, when reaching 20cm, to open height of seedling canopy film two ends, aeration-cooling, restrain the growth of seedlings and hardening, do not topdress after cutting for the first time seedling, only need water a small amount of water just, cut seedling later at every turn and stop watering for first 4 days, suppress the growth of potato seedling, cultivate strong sprout, seedling, cut seedling from cutting for the second time at every turn, need impose 150kg/hm ²urea or water night soil, the natural pond liquid after dilution, and water immediately, to being exposed to outer potato seed coverings of will earthing up in time, urge it and root, when growing to 7-8 sheet leaf, just cuts seedling seedling, under normal weather, within 7 days, cut seedling one time, after cutting, irrigate water one time, if will start booth two ends when fine day temperature of shed exceedes 40 DEG C, make its ventilation, within first 3 days, will take off film hardening cutting seedling at every turn, whole nursery stage is cut seedling 7-8 time.