CN103636474A - Rapid seedling culturing method for lamiophlomis rotata - Google Patents
Rapid seedling culturing method for lamiophlomis rotata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid seedling culturing method for lamiophlomis rotata. The rapid seedling culturing method for lamiophlomis rotata comprises the following steps that (1) a seedling culturing pool is built or a seedling culturing basin is taken, and water is added; (2) a seedling culturing plate is taken and sterilized, a seedling culturing matrix is put in the seedling culturing plate, lamiophlomis rotata seeds processed in advance are sowed, then the seedling culturing plate with the sowed seeds is obtained, the seedling culturing matrix comprises turf and perlite, and the weight ratio between the turf and the perlite is (5-7):(3-5); (3) the seedling culturing plate with the sowed seeds obtained in the step (2) is arranged in the seedling culturing pool or the seedling culturing basin obtained in the step (1) for culturing, after seedlings come out, fertilizer is added to the water in the seedling culturing pool or the seedling culturing basin until the concentration of nitrogen is 150-250g/L, the concentration of phosphorus is 10-40g/L and the concentration of potassium is 200-300g/L, and the fertilizer is added every ten days; (4) culturing is finished until the height of the overground parts of the lamiophlomis rotata seedlings is 2-3cm and the height of the underground parts of the lamiophlomis rotata seedlings is 5-10cm. The rapid seedling culturing method for lamiophlomis rotata is easy and convenient to implement, high in emergence rate of the seedlings, short in time and low in cost. The cultured lamiophlomis rotata seedlings grow fast, are orderly and healthy, and have good economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation field, particularly a kind of lamiophlomis rotata fast seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Lamiophlomis rotata Lamiophlomis rotate (Benth.) Kudo is Labiatae lamiophlomis rotata platymiscium, has another name called unrivalled leading to, and Tibetan language claims " big bus ", " beating cloth bar ".Main product in Tibet, the provinces and regions such as Qinghai, Yunnan, with acrial part people medicine, be one of conventional herbal medicine of the national folks such as China Tibetan, illiteracy, Nahsi.For herbaceos perennial, draft, high 2.5~10 centimetres; Rhizome extends, and slightly thick, footpath reaches 1 centimetre.Normal 4 pieces of blade, relative between two, water chestnut shape is circular.Lamiophlomis rotata is distributed in 3300~3600 meters of height above sea level, is grown in high mountain rubble beach, flood land or the stone matter grassy marshland of the highlands that weather cools, rainfall is more, sunshine is sufficient more.Propagation method is divided into seminal propagation and seedling raising and transplanting.
At present, most of lamiophlomis rotata medicinal material all derives from wild, and artificial cultivation is less.The plantation of lamiophlomis rotata adopts seminal propagation, adopt field seedling raising and transplanting or live mode, the emergence rate of the method is low, be generally 5%~30%, growing-seedling period is long, poor growth, even if the lamiophlomis rotata seedling of cultivating 2 years is also difficult to meet the needs of cultivation, and is easily subject to the factor impacts such as climatic environment, damage by disease and insect.
Floating seedlings is named again floating plantation, that the foam cave dish that lightweight seedling medium is housed is floated on the water surface, seed is sowed in matrix, rice shoot is taken root growth in seedling medium, and can from matrix and water bed, absorb the seedling-cultivating method of moisture and nutrient, general with being rich in organic material, as rock wool, peat, decomposed manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, be equipped with the light material of proper proportion, as vermiculite, river sand, perlite, bagasse, mushroom slag, grit and haydite rock etc., make matrix, with composite fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, be equipped with various micro-fertilizer etc., make nutrient solution.The method starts from late 1980s, and American Tobacco adopts floating seedlings method to grow seedlings.With traditional seedling method comparison, it has can reduce transplanting recruitment, save the land used of growing seedlings, be convenient to the management of cigarette seedling, be conducive to cultivate the advantages such as strong sprout.
Have no the method that adopts the method for floating seedlings to grow seedlings to lamiophlomis rotata.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of new lamiophlomis rotata fast seedling-cultivating method, specifically adopt the method for floating seedlings to grow seedlings to lamiophlomis rotata.
The floating seedlings fast seedling-cultivating method of lamiophlomis rotata of the present invention, it comprises the steps:
(1) build nursery pond or get seedling-growing container, adding water;
(2) get seedling-cultivating tray, sterilization, packs seedling medium in seedling-cultivating tray into, is sown into the lamiophlomis rotata seed through pre-treatment, obtains seedling-cultivating tray after planting; Described seedling medium comprises the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite, and the weight proportion of the two is (5~7): (3~5);
(3) nursery pond or the seedling-growing container that step (2) seedling-cultivating tray are after planting placed in to step (1) are cultivated, after emerging, toward adding fertilizer to nitrogen concentration of element in the water of nursery pond or seedling-growing container, be that 150~250g/L, P elements concentration are that 10~40g/L, potassium element concentration are 200~300g/L, within every 10 days, add once;
(4) be cultured to the high 2~3cm of acrial part of lamiophlomis rotata seedling, the long 5~10cm of under ground portion.
Acrial part: refer to position more than rhizome.
Under ground portion: the position below root and rhizome.
Lamiophlomis rotata seed of the present invention is the seed of labiate lamiophlomis rotata Lamiophlomis rotate (Benth.) Kudo.
In the described seedling medium of step (2), the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic weight proportion are 7:3.
The pre-treating method of the described lamiophlomis rotata seed of step (2) is: the Gibberellins solution that is 30~70mg/L by concentration by lamiophlomis rotata seed is soaked 12~48h, and soaking temperature is 10~30 ℃.Preferably, the concentration of described Gibberellins solution is 50mg/L; Soaking temperature is 20 ℃; Soak time is 24h.
The condition of the described cultivation of step (3) is: 10~30 ℃ of temperature, humidity 40~90%.Preferably, described temperature is 20~25 ℃; Described humidity is 40~80%.
The described fertilizer of step (3) is comprised of carbonic hydroammonium, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
Between the described culture period of step (3), trimming blade and root system.The mode of described trimming blade and root system is: after true leaf grows, cotyledon blade is deducted to half area; During 1 first quarter moon of sowing, the root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray is removed; While sowing 2 months, cotyledon is cut off completely, control the long 5~10cm of fibrous root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray.
Between the described culture period of step (3), during the plant height 1~2cm of lamiophlomis rotata seedling, carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings.
Thinning: referring to and reject unwanted crops seedling, is mainly to reject unwanted seedling; Fill the gaps with seedlings: after crops come up, find that there is while being short of seedling disconnected ridge phenomenon, use the method for transplanting seedlings or reseeding seedling completion.
Lamiophlomis rotata floating seedlings culturing method of the present invention, the emergence rate of lamiophlomis rotata seed is high, reaches as high as 92%, and the seedling of cultivation is healthy and strong neat, plant strain growth is fast, and seedling raise period is short, can save the land used of growing seedlings, reduce the temporal and spatial constraints of growing seedlings, realize modern production, application prospect is good.
The embodiment of form, is described in further detail foregoing of the present invention by the following examples.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment.All technology realizing based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Experiment material:
Embodiment 1 lamiophlomis rotata fast seedling growing of the present invention
One, the construction of nursery pond, shed
1. place is selected
Selected place answers physical features open smooth, without tall and big trees or building, and traffic convenience, water power is sufficient, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, around without water quality, air pollution, hidding and sunny side.Place height above sea level scope is low height above sea level 500m~1500m in can being, also can select high height above sea level 1500m~3500m.
2. nursery pond (seedling-growing container) is built
Complete floating seedlings: the length and width in nutrition pond is according to seedling-cultivating tray specification and the scale adjustment of growing seedlings, and the length and width in standard nutrition pond height is 560cm*140cm*20cm, if need the reserved wide passage of 40~60cm in the middle of the two ponds of a canopy.Smooth at the bottom of pond, level error is no more than 1.5cm, and four jiaos vertical, and pool wall is vertical with horizontal plane.
At the bottom of pond, fill out fine sand or other cushion that 1cm is thick, flatten and check and confirm without after tip and hard object, spray insecticide, spread the pond film that 0.5mm is thick and press or tape-stripping fixed spool film with brick.
Half floating seedlings: the half floating mode of employing is grown seedlings, without building nutrition pond, and adopts the seedling-growing container supporting with seedling-cultivating tray to replace, and while growing seedlings, seedling-cultivating tray is closely buckled on seedling-growing container.
3. seedling canopy is built
(1) complete floating seedlings: floating seedlings need be set up shed completely: the high 1.5m in shed limit, middle high 2m.With 5 meters long bamboo chip archings, between bow member, interval is 30 centimetres, and turnover actuating doors is set.Canopy film should select longevity that 0.1mm is thick without dripping a film.Canopy center membrane line aligns with central sill, and both sides are naturally tightened and left behind to soil table, accomplishes that canopy face is smooth-going, and consolidation is firm, and surrounding close proximity to ground (without wind dancing) is in order to heat and moisture preserving.Sunshade net is covered in canopy film top.Frame overlay film, sunshade net require convenient fixing, open flexibly.
(2) half floating seedlings: half floating seedlings can be selected the seedling canopy identical with (1), also can select common booth or green house.Cause half floating seedlings takes up room little, and is easy to management, is more suitable for carrying out the production of scale in common booth or green house.
Two, nursery pond (seedling-growing container) water and processing
(1) nursery pond water must be clean pollution-free, the underground water that pH is 6~8 or drinking water.When as undesirable in the pH value of water, it is 6~8 that available sulfuric acid (or sodium hydroxide) regulates pH.
(2) to add water depth be 13~15cm to nursery pond, and every pond should be got 5 above measurement points and measured and determine the depth of water, with the mean depth of water computing pool water yield.
(3) the unified bleaching powder that uses of the Chi Shui after filling is sterilized, and 15~20 grams, the bleaching powder of water use 50% per ton, spreads fertilizer over the fields in pond and stir immediately with dry powder form multiple spot, and then overlay film heats 2~3 days, can sow and float dish.
Three, sabot and sowing
1. sabot
1.1 float dish sterilization
New building through sterilization, can directly be used.Old dish must conscientiously be disinfected.Sterilization method:
(1) with 0.5% bleaching fluid soaking disinfection, standby after airing;
Or with 4:100, doubly to clarify white lime water-soaked seedling-cultivating tray airing standby (2);
The use of 1.2 nutrient matrixes
Lamiophlomis rotata seedling medium is pressed the peat composed of rotten mosses: the weight proportion preparation of perlite=7:3, and according to the humidity of matrix, add water and mix in right amount stranding thoroughly carefully, that pinches is agglomerating, and light pressure is loose.
1.3 sabot
Seedling-cultivating tray is foam panel (complete floating mode) or the vinyl disc (half floating mode) of 540mm * 285mm * 45mm specification, hole 30mm * 30mm suitable for reading, and the diameter 7mm of end opening top round mouth, also can, according to actual scale, formulate the seedling-cultivating tray of different size.Adopt twice method sabot; the matrix modulating is evenly spread and filled in dish cave; after filling matrix, card repeatedly throws gently 2~4 times; check bottom outlet; guarantee that matrix tamps each hole; and then load onto a small amount of matrix, and with scraper plate, strike off scraping card, with special-purpose acupoint pressing plate (can make by oneself), in center, hole, extruding the dark sowing cave of 5~10mm can sow.Require sabot to want degree of tightness appropriateness, forbid directly with hand, tamping matrix.For ease of operation, guarantee sabot quality, operation field is smooth, honest.
1.4 sowing
The pre-treatment of lamiophlomis rotata seed:
By lamiophlomis rotata seed, in temperature, being to soak 12~48h in 10~30 ℃, the concentration Gibberellins solution that is 30~70mg/L, wherein, is being 20 ℃ in temperature, and while soaking 24h in the gibberellin that concentration is 50mg/L, the emergence rate of lamiophlomis rotata is the highest.
Sowing:
The seed of handling well is sowed in cave to 2 of every bunch planting kinds.The thick matrix of screen cover 1~2mm more after planting, with scraper plate strike off gently, scraping card, and confirm not displacement of seed.
Put dish:
The floating seedlings of lamiophlomis rotata adopts completely floating and half floating two kinds of modes all can.The floating foam seedling-cultivating tray that adopts, after sowing is good, can put into nutrition pond completely, keeps pond middle water level 15~30cm.The half floating plastic seeding culturing plate that adopts, after sowing is good, is placed on seedling-cultivating tray on seedling-growing container, and the edge of dish is held on seedling-growing container, and while putting dish, basin middle water level there just was not below hole 1~2cm to be advisable.Requirement has been broadcast a dish and has been put a dish, can not bank up.Between the seeding stage, in nutrition pond, be clean water.
Four, seedling management technology
1, seedling canopy temperature and humidity management
(1) temperature standard
Temperature standard: temperature be 10~30 ℃ all can, take 20 ℃~25 ℃ be optimum temperature range, during lower than 15 ℃ growth slightly slow, lower than 10 ℃ growth very slow, be difficult to effectively grow seedlings, higher than 30 ℃, can cause blade atrophy.Meet cold snap, can take to add a cover the modes such as insulation thing, heating and keep growth temperature.Excess Temperature adopts out the measure coolings such as canopy ventilation or water spray.
(2) humidity standard
Humidity be 40~90% all can, 50%~80% time, better, humidity is easily fallen seedling lower than 40% time to the growth of lamiophlomis rotata seedling.As serious dewfall, while forming large hanging drop water on canopy film, can suitably open canopy hydrofuge.Forbidding to open prematurely film in cold early morning ventilates.
(3) management of sunshade net
After sunrise, rolling sunshade net is subject to light by canopy, makes canopy temperature increase.Afternoon illumination is strong, and when canopy temperature surpasses 25 ℃, covered with sunshade net, coverage rate are looked weather decision on the same day, and principle is that fine day temperature of shed on daytime is not higher than 30 ℃.Entirely cover night, strives for the canopy temperature that keeps higher as far as possible.
(4) management of canopy film
The temperature control that leaks informaton, should first open lee face, while missing one's aim, then opens windward side, and aperture will be held flexibly according to the weather condition of there and then, forbids to open round the clock the way to manage of canopy.As serious dewfall, while forming large hanging drop water on canopy film, can suitably open canopy film hydrofuge.When calm fine day is greater than 2 ℃ as inversion (temperature of shed is lower than the outer temperature of canopy) at dusk, open both sides canopy film, overlay film insulation again after inversion disappears.Forbidding to open prematurely film in cold early morning ventilates.
(5) add a cover insulation thing:
Too low for preventing temperature, after planting at night, should add a cover straw mat, not only can be incubated but also can moisturizing.
2, seedling management
(1) keep seedling canopy to fix, note temp. and humidity, keep health, prevent from polluting.
(2) add nutrient solution:
What from sowing, start 10~15 days is the seeding stage, without using nutrient solution, wait to emerge completely, within every 10 days, add a water to original water level, add fertilizer carbonic hydroammonium, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate to nitrogen concentration of element is that 150~250g/L, P elements concentration are that 10~40g/L, potassium element concentration are 200~300g/L simultaneously, and with sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, to regulate pH be 6~8.
(3) thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings:
When plant height 1~2cm carries out thinning and fills the gaps with seedlings, guarantee one strong sprout of every cave.
(4) trimming blade and root system
Sowing 1 month is first critical period, for true leaf grows the time, after true leaf grows, cotyledon blade is deducted to half area with scissors; During 1 first quarter moon of sowing, the root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray is removed, scraped off, promote adventive root growth; While sowing 2 months, cotyledon is cut off completely, control fibrous root 5~10cm length of stretching out seedling-cultivating tray, prevent from interlocking.
Five, transplant
Lamiophlomis rotata is cultivated to the high 2~3cm of acrial part, and the long 5~10cm of under ground portion, can transplant.
The transplanting time of lamiophlomis rotata is annual 5~June or 8~September, and each lamiophlomis rotata place of production is because the difference of weather can suitably be adjusted.
Approximately 5~6 months cycles that lamiophlomis rotata of the present invention is grown seedlings, therefore can be according to counter pushing away the sowing time of lamiophlomis rotata floating seedlings cycle, to guarantee best transplanting time.
The Screening matrix experiment of embodiment 2 lamiophlomis rotata fast seedling growing of the present invention
Except step 3 1.2 joint mesostromas adopt respectively as the matrix in following table 1, all the other conditions, with embodiment 1, are carried out lamiophlomis rotata and are grown seedlings, and calculate emergence rate.
Emergence rate is as shown in table 1 below:
The impact that table 1 different substrates is emerged on lamiophlomis rotata
As shown in table 1, adopting weight proportion is (5~7): the peat composed of rotten mosses of (3~5) and perlite mixture are as matrix, under specified conditions of the present invention, cultivate lamiophlomis rotata, emergence rate is high, emerges neat, plant strain growth is good, significantly be better than other conventional matrix, wherein, when the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic weight proportion are 7:3, effect is optimum, and emergence rate is up to 92%.
To sum up, adopt the inventive method to carry out lamiophlomis rotata and grow seedlings, lamiophlomis rotata emergence rate is high, the highlyest can reach 92%, emergence rate high and emerge neat, cultivation period only 5~6 months, the cultivation time is short.
Claims (10)
1. a floating seedlings culturing method for lamiophlomis rotata, is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
(1) build nursery pond or get seedling-growing container, adding water;
(2) get seedling-cultivating tray, sterilization, packs seedling medium in seedling-cultivating tray into, is sown into the lamiophlomis rotata seed through pre-treatment, obtains seedling-cultivating tray after planting; Described seedling medium comprises the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite, and the weight proportion of the two is (5~7): (3~5);
(3) nursery pond or the seedling-growing container that step (2) seedling-cultivating tray are after planting placed in to step (1) are cultivated, after emerging, toward adding fertilizer to nitrogen concentration of element in the water of nursery pond or seedling-growing container, be that 150~250g/L, P elements concentration are that 10~40g/L, potassium element concentration are 200~300g/L, within every 10 days, add once;
(4) be cultured to the high 2~3cm of acrial part of lamiophlomis rotata seedling, the long 5~10cm of under ground portion.
2. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pre-treating method of the described lamiophlomis rotata seed of step (2) is: the Gibberellins solution that is 30~70mg/L by concentration by lamiophlomis rotata seed is soaked 12~48h, soaking temperature is 10~30 ℃.
3. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the concentration of described Gibberellins solution is 50mg/L; Soaking temperature is 20 ℃; Soak time is 24h.
4. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the described seedling medium of step (2), the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic weight proportion are 7:3.
5. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the condition of the described cultivation of step (3) is: 10~30 ℃ of temperature, humidity 40~90%.
6. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described temperature is 20~25 ℃; Described humidity is 40~80%.
7. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described fertilizer of step (3) is comprised of carbonic hydroammonium, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
8. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the described culture period of step (3), and trimming blade and root system.
9. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the mode of described trimming blade and root system is: after true leaf grows, cotyledon blade is deducted to half area; During 1 first quarter moon of sowing, the root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray is removed; While sowing 2 months, cotyledon is cut off completely, control the long 5~10cm of fibrous root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray.
10. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the described culture period of step (3), during the plant height 1~2cm of lamiophlomis rotata seedling, carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings.
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CN106612705A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-05-10 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Technology for improving wild lamiophlomis rotata seed germination |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104012389A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-03 | 宝金安 | Paris polyphylla floating seedling growing method |
CN106386434A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 防城港市绿华源农林科技有限公司 | Seedling growing method for improving lemongrass |
CN106612705A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-05-10 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Technology for improving wild lamiophlomis rotata seed germination |
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