CN101675728B - Seed production and high-yield cultivation method of hybrid Chinese cabbage - Google Patents

Seed production and high-yield cultivation method of hybrid Chinese cabbage Download PDF

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CN101675728B
CN101675728B CN2008101402694A CN200810140269A CN101675728B CN 101675728 B CN101675728 B CN 101675728B CN 2008101402694 A CN2008101402694 A CN 2008101402694A CN 200810140269 A CN200810140269 A CN 200810140269A CN 101675728 B CN101675728 B CN 101675728B
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seedling
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chinese cabbage
seed
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尹永良
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Abstract

The invention discloses a seed production and high-yield cultivation technical specification of hybrid Chinese cabbage, and the Chinese cabbage is an important popular vegetable, has the advantages of wide adaptability and storage resistance and can be large-area planted around the country, so that a large number of seeds for production are needed, and the seed yield of the Chinese cabbage is very important. The invention provides the seed production and high-yield cultivation technical specification of the hybrid Chinese cabbage against the problems of low seed production yield, insufficientseed production purity and influence on the play of the hybrid advantages of the Chinese cabbage in the seed production and cultivation technology of the Chinese cabbage, and the seed production and high-yield cultivation technical specification of the hybrid Chinese cabbage has the advantages of high seed production yield and high seed production purity.

Description

A kind of hybrid Chinese cabbage production of hybrid seeds cultivation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high yield cultivation technology for vegetables field, particularly relate to a kind of Chinese cabbage high-yield seeds production technique rules.
Background technology
Chinese cabbage is a kind of important popular vegetable, wide adaptability, and storage tolerance, all there is establishing in large scale all parts of the country, plant so need a large amount of productions to use, so Chinese cabbage seeds output are most important.At present, in Chinese cabbage production of hybrid seeds culture technique, there is following problem: the one, lack supporting high-yield culture technique measure, so cause hybrid seed yield not high; The 2nd, seed production purity is not enough, influences the performance of Chinese cabbage crossing advantage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly to the problem that exists in the hybrid Chinese cabbage production of hybrid seeds culture technique, and a kind of seed production and high-yield cultivation technical specification of hybrid Chinese cabbage is provided, and it has the hybrid seed yield height, the advantage that seed production purity is high.
The objective of the invention is to realize that through following technical scheme this seed production and high-yield cultivation technical specification of hybrid Chinese cabbage comprises seeding and seedling raising, land for growing field crops field planting, field management technical measures, concrete high-yield cultivation technical specification is:
(1) seeding and seedling raising
It is the first step of seeding and seedling raising that a builds cold bed construction cold bed, and emphasis is done a good job of it three links.On the sunny side: be selected in the leeward place that faces south, before slight snow, build up, furrow are wide 1.5 meters, East and West direction, and general back wall is high 0.5 meter.The pure land: prevent continuous cropping, promote drug treating bed soil.Roasting furrow: detained the roasting furrow of film in 7-8 days before sowing seeds, wait for sowing.
The b proper seeding is selected cold current fine sowing at noon later, original seed is mixed evenly with a little fine earth, then uniformly with seed broadcasting in baking cold bed well, sprinkle the fine earth that sieves of 0.5-1 cm thick again, cover film at last.Seedling management will emerge according to high temperature, the principle of flat Wen Changmiao, low temperature refining seedling is carried out.
C divides seedling to work as when seedling is long to arrive 2-3 sheet true leaf in good time, carries out the branch seedling noon of choosing fine day.After earlier trench digging waters, plant the seedling branch, fill and lead up ditch then, and suitably real, divide behind the seedling epiphragma immediately with hand.Divide behind the seedling to spray in 3-5 days again and water seedling recovering water one time, temperature should be controlled between the 18-22 degree in the furrow, is beneficial to cultivate strong sprout.
(2) land for growing field crops field planting
It is the successful core of the production of hybrid seeds that e safety isolation safe is isolated.Isolated area must not have other breeds of Chinese cabbage and vegetables various and the easy a string of flowers of Chinese cabbage and reserve seed for planting more than 3000 meters within 3000 meters.
F whole ground bedding must be selected in two years the not husky territory production of hybrid seeds of continuous cropping; Execute about 4000 kilograms of the farmyard manures that high-quality becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu; 50 kilograms of NPKs, 20 kilograms of potassium sulphates, 15 kilograms in urea, mu is executed 2 kilograms of boron fertilizers, 2 kilograms of zinc fertilizers; And make the flat furrow of wide 1-1.2 rice, two row of just in time planting.
Beginning field planting before and after the reasonable field planting of the g Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), plantation density can decide with the plot based on kind, general every mu between the 2800-3200 strain, this ratio of father and mother adopts 1: 1 mode, the originally separated strain of the best father and mother of limit row.As scheming:
Figure GSB00000778499000021
(3) field management
H sets up support and sets up support, prevents lodging, and the plot of setting up support is prone to ventilation and penetrating light, and damage by disease and insect takes place lighter.
J waters fertilising for improving ground temperature, not non-irrigatedly before buddingging does not water, and when 75% or more during 10 centimetres of left and right sides of kind strain bolting, begins to water, and after this spends the later stage up to Sheng, in time waters, and makes the soil conservation moisture state, must guard against arid.When seed grouting finishes initial hardening, control and water, note water drainage behind the rain.Under the relatively sufficient situation of base manure, generally do not need underground topdressing.It is main topdressing with the foliage-spray borax, can be at seedling, bolting, just spend respectively spray once three periods, and concentration is 500 times.
P supplementary pollination one is a bee pollination, and Chinese cabbage belongs to entomophilous flower, mainly leans on insect pollination just can set seeds.Sufficient honeybee source is the key that improves hybrid seed yield, the general comparable raising the output 20-30% of not putting honeybee.General 0.07 hectare is put a hive bee and is got final product.The 2nd, artificial supplementary pollination, concrete grammar begins from initial bloom stage, every morning 9-11 point, afternoon the 2-4 point with coverlet or the cloth that ties up etc. father and mother's dilatory getting final product between this.
I regulates the florescence and regulates the florescence and utilize the method for pinching better, is about to a precocious male parent or maternal beat more, guarantees two basically identicals of originally blooming late flowering lacking some or not beating of beating, and promptly ensures the quality of products and improves output.Pinch and also help multiform and become side shoot to improve output.Forbid the master to spend beat overweight, be with two blades at most.Nipping off the flowers is to pinch the flower on side shoot top at kind of a strain Flowers ending, impels seed full, ripe consistent, prevents remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: when carrying out Chinese cabbage conventional cultivation technical measures because taked rational this blend proportion of father and mother, set up support, technical measures such as supplementary pollination, adjusting florescence, improved hybrid seed yield, guaranteed the purity of seed.
Embodiment
Seeding and seedling raising
Building cold bed construction cold bed is the first step of seeding and seedling raising, and emphasis is done a good job of it three links.On the sunny side: be selected in the leeward place that faces south, before slight snow, build up, furrow are wide 1.5 meters, East and West direction, and general back wall is high 0.5 meter, whenever educates the young plant of planting 0.07 hectare, needs to make a call to two each cold beds of 22 square metres.After cold bed was accomplished fluently, general per 22 square metres cold bed was executed about 200 kilograms of the thin barnyard manures that high-quality becomes thoroughly decomposed, about 4 kilograms of sealing fertilizers.The pure land: prevent continuous cropping, promote drug treating bed soil, its method is to use 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Whenever flat cubic meter seedbed 10-12 gram is mixed medicine and an amount of blinding thoroughly earlier, waters vola water in the furrow before the sowing; After water oozes down, get 1/3rd " medicine soil " and be sprinkling upon and make pad soil on the seedbed, after sowing is accomplished with two medicine soil of its excess-three branch as blinding; Spread the blinding that does not have medicine again, about 1 centimetre of blinding gross thickness, what can't cover is too thin.Roasting furrow: detained the roasting furrow of film in 7-8 days before sowing seeds, in the furrow of leveling, water vola water, wait water to ooze down after; Uneven place is filled and led up with soil, costs frame with thin stick or bamboo bar subsequently, pulls on the twice iron wire; With mud Polypropylence Sheet is glued all around, good with mudding again on the top, cover straw mat; Lift evening every day, early cover, improve temperature, wait for sowing.
Proper seeding is selected cold current fine sowing at noon later, original seed is mixed evenly with a little fine earth, then uniformly with seed broadcasting in baking cold bed well; As when finding the cold bed overdrying; Should irrigate with warm water earlier again and broadcast, available a little ash with good conditionsi is done " standing up soil ", sprinkles seed then uniformly; Sprinkle the fine earth that sieves of 0.5-1 cm thick again, cover film at last.Seedling management will emerge according to high temperature, the principle of flat Wen Changmiao, low temperature refining seedling is carried out.High temperature is emerged: after planting, add intense light irradiation, keep maximum temperature in the furrow, early lift straw mat after 8, evening, 3 protecgulum straw mats promptly lifted lid early evening, were beneficial in time emerge, and cultivated strong sprout; Flat Wen Changmiao: will suitably leak informaton after waiting tidy seedlings output, early lift straw mat, evening, the lid straw mat let the many daylightings of young plant, prevented to form high pin seedling.After putting little wind 3-5 days, furrow of obturaging improve the flat Wen Changmiao of temperature; Low temperature refining seedling: when young plant the is long refining seedling that should in time leak informaton during to 2-3 sheet true leaf, and many, air quantity is ascending by less in the air port, the interior general 4-5 degree of temperature of furrow, after 5-6 days with the back-up seedling.
Divide seedling when seedling length arrives 2-3 sheet true leaf, fine noon is carried out the branch seedling in choosing in good time, divides elder generation's the previous day of seedling to moisten seedling with warm water, hinders root when preventing lifting.Divide 10 square centimeters of the seeding row spacing requirements of seedling square.After trench digging waters earlier, plant the seedling branch, fill and lead up ditch then, and suitably real with hand.Divide behind the seedling epiphragma immediately, require furrow words spoken by an actor from offstage sky to keep the temperature of 20-25 degree, cover the straw mat insulation night, minimum temperature keeps more than 2 degree.Divide behind the seedling to spray in 3-5 days again and water seedling recovering water one time, temperature should be controlled between the 18-22 degree in the furrow, is beneficial to cultivate strong sprout.Should temperature be controlled at about 17 degree behind the slow seedling.Field planting will reduce temperature refining seedling in the furrow in preceding 20 days gradually, strengthened the cold-hartliness of young plant.The young plant of cultivating like this, internode is short, well developed root system, fibrous root is many, and blade is thick, and visible leaf reaches the 10-12 sheet, and in such strong sprout, the low temperature of short time-5 degree is also unlikely to receive freeze injury even run into.
The land for growing field crops field planting
It is the successful core of the production of hybrid seeds that safe isolation safe is isolated.Isolated area must not have other breeds of Chinese cabbage and vegetables various and the easy a string of flowers of Chinese cabbage and reserve seed for planting more than 3000 meters within 3000 meters.
The bedding of whole ground must be selected in two years the not fertile husky territory production of hybrid seeds of continuous cropping; Execute about the farmyard manure 3000-5000 kilogram that high-quality becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu; NPK 40-60 kilogram, potassium sulphate 15-25 kilogram, urea 10-20 kilogram, mu is executed boron fertilizer 1-3 kilogram, zinc fertilizer 1-3 kilogram; And make the flat furrow of wide 1-1.2 rice, two row of just in time planting.
Beginning field planting before and after the field planting rationally Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), plantation density can decide with the plot based on kind, general every mu between the 2800-3200 strain, this ratio of father and mother adopts 1: 1 mode, the originally separated strain of the best father and mother of limit row.As scheming:
Figure GSB00000778499000041
To hold the cave successfully by spacing in the rows during field planting, fit and execute about 4 kilograms every mu in urea, irrigate nest water after planting, after oozing the cave built, stick together behind the grave mound and do not expose, not bury lobus cardiacus, then epiphragma.
Field management
Set up support and set up support, prevent lodging, the plot of setting up support is prone to ventilation and penetrating light, and damage by disease and insect takes place lighter.
Watering fertilising for improving ground temperature, not non-irrigatedly before buddingging do not water,, beginning to water, after this spending the later stage, in time watering, making the soil conservation moisture state, must guard against arid up to Sheng when 75% or more during 10 centimetres of left and right sides of kind strain bolting.When seed grouting finishes initial hardening, control and water, note water drainage behind the rain.Under the relatively sufficient situation of base manure, generally do not need underground topdressing.It is main topdressing with the foliage-spray borax, can be at seedling, bolting, just spend respectively spray once three periods, and concentration is 500 times.
Supplementary pollination one is a bee pollination, and Chinese cabbage belongs to entomophilous flower, mainly leans on insect pollination just can set seeds.Sufficient honeybee source is the key that improves hybrid seed yield, the general comparable raising the output 20-30% of not putting honeybee.General 0.07 hectare is put a hive bee and is got final product.The 2nd, artificial supplementary pollination, concrete grammar begins from initial bloom stage, every morning 9-11 point, afternoon the 2-4 point with coverlet or the cloth that ties up etc. father and mother's dilatory getting final product between this.
Regulate the florescence and regulate the florescence and utilize the method for pinching better, be about to a precocious male parent or maternal beat more, guarantee two basically identicals of originally blooming late flowering lacking some or not beating of beating, promptly ensure the quality of products and improve output.Pinch and also help multiform and become side shoot to improve output.Forbid the master to spend beat overweight, be with two blades at most.Nipping off the flowers is to pinch the flower on side shoot top at kind of a strain Flowers ending, impels seed full, ripe consistent, prevents remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing.

Claims (4)

1. a hybrid Chinese cabbage production of hybrid seeds cultivation method is characterized in that comprising seeding and seedling raising, land for growing field crops field planting, field management, is specially:
A builds cold bed: building cold bed is the first step of seeding and seedling raising, and emphasis is done a good job of it three links, on the sunny side: be selected in the leeward place that faces south; Before slight snow, build up, furrow are wide 1.5 meters, East and West direction; Back wall is high 0.5 meter, whenever educates the young plant of planting 0.07 hectare, needs to make a call to two each cold beds of 22 square metres; After cold bed was accomplished fluently, per 22 square metres cold bed was executed about 200 kilograms of the thin barnyard manures that high-quality becomes thoroughly decomposed, about 4 kilograms of sealing fertilizers; The pure land: prevent continuous cropping, promote drug treating bed soil, its method is to use 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Whenever flat cubic meter seedbed 10-12 gram is mixed medicine and an amount of blinding thoroughly earlier, waters vola water in the furrow before the sowing; After water oozes down, get 1/3rd " medicine soil " and be sprinkling upon and make pad soil on the seedbed, after sowing is accomplished with two medicine soil of its excess-three branch as blinding; Spread the blinding that does not have medicine again, about 1 centimetre of blinding gross thickness, what can't cover is too thin; Roasting furrow: detained the roasting furrow of film in 7-8 days before sowing seeds, in the furrow of leveling, water vola water, wait water to ooze down after; Uneven place is filled and led up with soil, costs frame with thin stick or bamboo bar subsequently, pulls on the twice iron wire; With mud Polypropylence Sheet is glued all around, good with mudding again on the top, cover straw mat; Lift evening every day, early cover, improve temperature, wait for sowing;
The b proper seeding: select cold current fine sowing at noon later, original seed mixed evenly with a little fine earth, then equably with seed broadcasting in baking cold bed well; As when finding the cold bed overdrying; Should irrigate with warm water earlier again and broadcast, a little ash of usefulness with good conditionsi is done " standing up soil ", sprinkles seed then equably; Sprinkle the fine earth that sieves of 0.5-1 cm thick again, cover film at last; Seedling management will emerge according to high temperature, the principle of flat Wen Changmiao, low temperature refining seedling is carried out; High temperature is emerged: after planting, add intense light irradiation, keep maximum temperature in the furrow, early lift straw mat after 8, evening, 3 protecgulum straw mats promptly lifted lid early evening, were beneficial in time emerge, and cultivated strong sprout; Flat Wen Changmiao: will suitably leak informaton after waiting tidy seedlings output, early lift straw mat, evening, the lid straw mat let the many daylightings of young plant, prevented to form high pin seedling; After putting little wind 3-5 days, furrow of obturaging improve the flat Wen Changmiao of temperature; Low temperature refining seedling: when young plant the is long refining seedling that should in time leak informaton during to 2-3 sheet true leaf, and many, air quantity is ascending by less in the air port, the interior temperature 4-5 degree of furrow, after 5-6 days with the back-up seedling;
C divides seedling in good time: when seedling length arrived 2-3 sheet true leaf, fine noon was carried out the branch seedling in choosing, divided elder generation's the previous day of seedling to moisten seedling with warm water, hindered root when preventing lifting; Divide the seeding row spacing of seedling to require 10 square centimeters, after trench digging waters earlier, plant the seedling branch, fill and lead up ditch then, and suitably real with hand; Divide behind the seedling epiphragma immediately, require furrow words spoken by an actor from offstage sky to keep the temperature of 20-25 degree, cover the straw mat insulation night, minimum temperature keeps more than 2 degree; Divide behind the seedling to spray in 3-5 days again and water seedling recovering water one time, temperature should be controlled between the 18-22 degree in the furrow, is beneficial to cultivate strong sprout; Should temperature be controlled at about 17 degree behind the slow seedling; Field planting will reduce temperature refining seedling in the furrow in preceding 20 days gradually, strengthened the cold-hartliness of young plant; The young plant of cultivating like this, internode is short, well developed root system, fibrous root is many, and blade is thick, and visible leaf reaches the 10-12 sheet, and in such strong sprout, the low temperature of short time-5 degree is also unlikely to receive freeze injury even run into;
D safety is isolated: it is the successful core of the production of hybrid seeds that safety is isolated, and isolated area must not have other breeds of Chinese cabbage and vegetables various and the easy a string of flowers of Chinese cabbage and reserve seed for planting more than 3000 meters within 3000 meters;
E whole ground bedding: must select in two years the not fertile husky territory production of hybrid seeds of continuous cropping; Execute the farmyard manure 3000-5000 kilogram that high-quality is become thoroughly decomposed for every mu; NPK 40-60 kilogram, potassium sulphate 15-25 kilogram, urea 10-20 kilogram, mu is executed boron fertilizer 1-3 kilogram, zinc fertilizer 1-3 kilogram; And make the flat furrow of wide 1-1.2 rice, two row of just in time planting;
The reasonable field planting of f: beginning field planting before and after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), plantation density decide according to kind and plot, every mu between the 2800-3200 strain, this ratio of father and mother adopts 1: 1 mode, the originally separated strain of limit row father and mother;
Figure FSB00000778499100021
To hold the cave successfully by spacing in the rows during field planting, fit and execute about 4 kilograms every mu in urea, irrigate nest water after planting, after oozing the cave built, stick together behind the grave mound and do not expose, not bury lobus cardiacus, then epiphragma;
G sets up support: set up support, prevent lodging, the plot of setting up support is prone to ventilation and penetrating light, and damage by disease and insect takes place lighter;
The h fertilising of watering: be to improve ground temperature, not non-irrigatedly before buddingging do not water,, begin to water, after this spend the later stage, in time water, make the soil conservation moisture state, must guard against arid up to Sheng when 75% or more during 10 centimetres of left and right sides of kind strain bolting; When seed grouting finishes initial hardening, control and water, note water drainage behind the rain; Under the relatively sufficient situation of base manure, do not need underground topdressing; It is main topdressing with the foliage-spray borax, can be at seedling, bolting, just spend respectively spray once three periods, and concentration is 500 times;
The i supplementary pollination: the one, bee pollination, Chinese cabbage belongs to entomophilous flower, mainly leans on insect pollination just can set seeds, and sufficient honeybee source is the key that improves hybrid seed yield, and 0.07 hectare is put a hive bee and is got final product; The 2nd, artificial supplementary pollination, concrete grammar begins from initial bloom stage, every morning 9-11 point, afternoon the 2-4 point with coverlet or the cloth that ties up father and mother's dilatory getting final product between this;
J regulates the florescence: consistent for guaranteeing the florescence, be convenient to pollination, and utilize the adjusting florescence effect of pinching better; Utilization is nipped off the flowers and impelled seed full, and is ripe consistent, prevents remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing.
2. a kind of hybrid Chinese cabbage production of hybrid seeds cultivation method according to claim 1; When it is characterized in that setting up support, every on the both sides of every plant at a distance from 2 meters fixing columns, then with rope or grow bamboo bar crosswise fixed on column; Accomplish that support is solid firmly, save labor.
3. a kind of hybrid Chinese cabbage production of hybrid seeds cultivation method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that utilizing the concrete grammar of regulating the florescence of pinching to be: be about to a precocious male parent or maternal beat more, late flowering beat less some or do not beat, guarantee father, the female parent basically identical of blooming; Not only ensure the quality of products but also improve output; Pinching also helps multiform and becomes side shoot to improve output, and that forbids that main flower beats is overweight, is with two blades at most.
4. a kind of hybrid Chinese cabbage production of hybrid seeds cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that nipping off the flowers is to pinch the flower on side shoot top at kind of a strain Flowers ending, impels seed full, ripe consistent, prevents remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing.
CN2008101402694A 2008-09-17 2008-09-17 Seed production and high-yield cultivation method of hybrid Chinese cabbage Expired - Fee Related CN101675728B (en)

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CN105494080A (en) * 2015-12-07 2016-04-20 江苏省农业科学院 Method for improving Chunjia seed production yield and quality of hybrid seeds of non-heading Chinese cabbages
CN105580730A (en) * 2016-02-19 2016-05-18 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 Light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method
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