CN103918421A - Method of raising rhubarb seedlings in greenhouses - Google Patents
Method of raising rhubarb seedlings in greenhouses Download PDFInfo
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- CN103918421A CN103918421A CN201410011244.XA CN201410011244A CN103918421A CN 103918421 A CN103918421 A CN 103918421A CN 201410011244 A CN201410011244 A CN 201410011244A CN 103918421 A CN103918421 A CN 103918421A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of raising rhubarb seedlings in greenhouses. The method includes the steps of 1, building a greenhouse and preparing a land; 2, sowing seeds of rhubarb; 3, raising seedlings at the greenhouse temperature of 10 DEG C-30 DEG C under the air humidity of 40%-80%; 4, cultivating until the diameter of rootstalks of the rhubarb seedlings is not smaller than 1cm. The method has the advantages that emergence rate is high, emergence time is short, raised plants are neat and robust, the cost is low, and economic benefit is great.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation field, particularly a kind of rheum officinale raise seedling in greenhouse method.
Background technology
Rheum officinale is being collectively referred to as of the perennial tall and big herbaceous plant sorrel Rheum palmatum L. of polygonaceae Rheum, Tang ancient especially big yellow Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf., Rheum officinale Rheum officinale Baill., and medicinal material rheum officinale is used as medicine with dry root and the root-like stock of plant rheum officinale.Medicinal material rheum officinale (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), mainly containing anthraquinone glycoside and Anthraquinone derivative, its bitter, cold in nature, the function of there are the logical intestines that purge heat, removing pattogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body, stimulating the menstrual flow by the stasis of blood.Cure mainly real hot constipation, stagnant stomachache, rush down the diseases such as profit is not well, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen.At present, rheum officinale is widely used in medicine and medication chemistry, is the whole nation ten generally acknowledged best selling varieties in large medicinal material market, is again the tradition outlet medicinal material that China has won fame both at home and abroad.Rheum officinale is liked cool cold weather, more cold-resistant, avoids high temperature, and main product is in NORTHWEST CHINA and southwestern high altitude localities.
Rheum officinale mostly is seminal propagation, and conventional seeding method comprises seedling raising and transplanting and live two kinds of modes.In the method for traditional seedling raising and transplanting, the mode of growing seedlings and conventionally adopting field to grow seedlings: at early and middle ten days in April, do the wide flat low-lying area of 1.2m; Laterally in hollow, press line-spacing 12cm trench digging ditch depth 3-4cm; There to be the distance of a seed every 1-2cm, seed is evenly sprinkled in ditch; Cover fine sand soil 2cm thick, upper cover straw mat or plastic sheeting for farm use, take covering off after emerging; Strengthen seedling management, press the distance between rows and hills of 50x25cm to next late April in spring and transplant land for growing field crops; When cultivation, lateral root is cut off, every cave plants l strain.Adopt traditional seedling-cultivating method, emergence rate is low, is generally 20%～40%, and growing-seedling period reaches 1 year, and plant strain growth is slow.
At present, in the research of growing seedlings at rheum officinale, carry out processing in early stage to sowing front seed, research with raising rheum officinale germination rate is more, as, the researchs such as Wang Changhua show, seed size and the factors such as position and temperature that gather all have impact to rheum officinale seed sprouting, compared with undressed seed, through the seed of room temperature or 35 DEG C of distilled water immersions, germination rate is high; According to researchs such as Xiao Suping, temperature and HORMONE TREATMENT have remarkable impact to rheum officinale seed sprouting, adopting temperature is that the distilled water of 15～25 DEG C is while carrying out immersion treatment to rheum officinale seed, germination rate is apparently higher than the distilled water rheum officinale seed after treatment (Wang Changhua that adopts 10 DEG C or 35 DEG C, Yin Fu army, Liu Xiang, etc. rheum officinale seed sprouting test stoneization research [J]. time precious traditional Chinese medical science traditional Chinese medicines, 2009,20 (6): 1369-1371; Xiao Suping, Chen Min, Huang Luqi, etc. the Primary Study [J] of rheum officinale fruit morphology and seed sprouting characteristic. CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA, 2007,32 (3): 195-199).But, after planting seed, how improving seeding ratio, the research of shortening seedling-growing time is little.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of method of rheum officinale raise seedling in greenhouse.
Rheum officinale raise seedling in greenhouse method of the present invention, it comprises the steps:
(1) build booth, whole ground;
(2) sowing: get rheum officinale seed, sowing;
(3) grow seedlings: be 10～30 DEG C in canopy temperature, under the condition that air humidity is 40～80%, grow seedlings;
(4) be cultured to rheum officinale shoot root diameter stem and be not less than 1cm.
In step (1), described booth is steelframe booth or little shed: the wide 6～10m of steelframe greenhouse, long 50～150m, the high 3～5m in canopy limit, sagitta 4～6m; Wide 3～the 4m of little shed canopy, long 6～19m, the high 1.3～1.7m in canopy limit, sagitta 1.8～2.2m.
In step (1),, apply decomposed manure, applied amount is 3000～4000kg/ mu when on whole the ground.
Decomposed manure: refer to by organic manure under sealing or airtight environmental condition the fertilizer obtaining through high temperature or normal temperature fermentation.
Fertilizer, (comprises animal wastes with various animal wastes; Animal processing waste) and plant residue (cake fertilizer class; Crops straw; Fallen leaves; Deadwood; The peat composed of rotten mosses etc.), the treatment technology that adopts physics, chemistry, biology or three to have concurrently, (includes but not limited to composting through certain processing technology; High temperature; Anaerobism etc.), elimination harmful substance (pathogen, sick worm's ovum evil, weeds seed etc.) wherein reaches innoxious standard and forms, meet a class fertilizer of relevant national standard (NY525-2012) and regulation, its poisonous and harmful substance is few, be rich in a large amount of benefit materials, including multiple organic acid, peptide class and comprise the abundant nutritive element nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
In step (1),, spray mancozeb solution, sprinkling amount is counted 80～120g/ mu with mancozeb when on whole the ground.Preferably, the preparation method of described mancozeb solution is: get the general raw M-80 mancozeb of network, be dissolved in 500～600 times of (v/w) water.
In step (2), described rheum officinale seed is sowed after following method is processed again: it is that in the water of 15～30 DEG C, soak time is 12～48h that rheum officinale seed is immersed in to temperature.Preferably, described water temperature is 20 DEG C, and soak time is 48h.
In step (2), described sowing for broadcasting sowing, drilling or bunch planting.Wherein, described in to broadcast sowing be that seed is evenly sprinkling upon to furrow face, broadcast bonnet fine earth, dark 2～4cm, every mu of seeding quantity is 5～7kg; Described drilling is horizontal furrow trench digging, ditch distance 25～30cm, and sown scope 8～10cm, dark 2～4cm, every mu of seeding quantity is 3～4kg; Described bunch planting is by seeding row spacing (10～20) cm × (10～20) cm bunch planting, the dark 2～4cm in cave, 5～6 of every bunch planting kinds, earthing 2cm.
Fine earth, is by GBJl45-90 standard, and particle diameter is less than or equal to particle (particulate group) quality of 0.075 millimeter and is more than or equal to the soil of gross mass 50%.
In step (3), described canopy temperature is 15～25 DEG C; Described air humidity is 45～65%.
Between the described nursery stage of step (3), the humidity of controlling upper soll layer 3cm is not less than 30%.
Between the described nursery stage of step (3), impose the thin liquid dung 2 times of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the amount at every turn applying is 1200～1500kg/ mu, and applying method is: after emerging completely, hoe up weeds, and fertilising; Emerge after complete 1 month, hoe up weeds, again fertilising;
The preparation method of the described thin liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed is as follows: by fresh excreta sealed fermenting 15～30 days under 20～40 DEG C of conditions, add 50～200 times of (v/w) water dilutions.
Between the described nursery stage of step (3), the laggard seedling in the ranks and filling the gaps with seedlings of emerging completely, broadcasts sowing every 5～6cm and stays seedling 1 strain, and drilling is stayed seedling 1 strain every 4～5cm, and seedling 1 strain is stayed in the every cave of bunch planting.
Adopt rheum officinale raise seedling in greenhouse method of the present invention, the emergence rate of rheum officinale seed is high, reaches as high as 80%, and seedling raise period is short, and the seedling of cultivation is healthy and strong neat, and plant strain growth is fast, also can reduce time of growing seedlings and the restriction in space, improves land utilization rate, and application prospect is good.
The embodiment of form by the following examples, is described in further detail foregoing of the present invention.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment.All technology realizing based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 rheum officinale raise seedling in greenhouse of the present invention
(1) seedling-cultivating method
One, place is selected
Within the scope of selection height above sea level 500～3500m, physical features is open, without tall and big trees or building, and traffic convenience, water power abundance, irrigation and drainage are convenient, around without water quality, air pollution, hidding and sunny side.
Two, culture facility is built
1. steelframe booth
In high height above sea level (1500～3500m) area, winter temperature is low, and wind and snow is larger, should adopt steelframe booth opposing wind and snow.Steelframe booth is low height above sea level (500～1500m) in also can be used for.
Wide 6～the 10m of steelframe greenhouse, long 50～150m, can be according to terrain and the scale designed, designed of growing seedlings.High 3～the 5m in canopy limit, sagitta is 4～6m approximately.Open the door in canopy two, wide about 3m.Ceiling and surrounding canopy film can adopt polyethylene film and multifunctional membrane, nothing to drip a PVC canopy film; Canopy surrounding also can adopt glass material, Windproof thermal insulation.External sunshade net can adopt composite plastic woven screen, and internal sunshade net can adopt aluminium foil sunshading and thermal insulating net.Spray equipment, fluorescent lamp are installed in canopy inner side.Ventilating fan is installed at canopy two.
2. little shed
During little shed can be used for, low height above sea level rheum officinale is grown seedlings.Wide 3～the 4m of shed canopy, long 6～19m, the high 1.5m in limit, middle high 2m.With 5 meters long bamboo chip archings, between bow member, 30 centimetres, interval, arranges turnover actuating doors.Canopy film should select longevity that 0.1mm is thick without dripping a film.Canopy center membrane line aligns with central sill, and both sides are naturally tightened and left behind to soil table, accomplishes that canopy face is smooth-going, and consolidation is firm, and surrounding close proximity to ground (without wind dancing) is in order to heat and moisture preserving.(3) sunshade net: sunshade net is covered in canopy film top.Frame overlay film, sunshade net require convenient fixing, open flexibly.
Three, wholely, apply fertilizer, water
Should select soil layer deep fertile, be rich in humus, well-drained loam or sand loam.After ploughing, rake is leveled land, and makes the furrow of wide 1.5m, high 30～40cm, in order to seeding and seedling raising, can execute 3000～4000kg decomposed manure (purchased from Chengdu Xingsheng Breeding Co., Ltd., commodity are called green farmyard manure) for every mu.
Simultaneously, can also on furrow face, spray with mancozeb solution (mancozeb solution: by general network raw M-80 mancozeb [purchased from Jiangxi Jing Nong Chemical Co., Ltd., wherein, the purity of mancozeb is 80%(w/w)] be dissolved in 500～600 times (ml/g)), every mu of sprinkling amount is counted 80～120g/ mu with mancozeb, in order to prevent and treat root rot, ring spot, anthracnose, downy mildew etc.
Four, sowing
1. kind of pre-treatment
Germination rate detects: get rheum officinale seed, with taking out after 20 DEG C of water soaking 48h, then wash, put on the culture dish that is covered with three metafiltration paper and germinate, keep filter paper moistening, calculate germination rate with the germination result of the tenth day.After measured, germination rate is 94%.
Get rheum officinale seed, the 12～48h that is soaked in water, soaking temperature is 15 DEG C～30 DEG C, can sow.Soak time is preferably 24h, and soaking temperature is preferably 20 DEG C, changes water once every 8h, after immersion finishes, then washes.
2. sowing
Rheum officinale sowing adopts and broadcasts sowing, drilling or bunch planting.
2.1 broadcast sowing
Seed is evenly sprinkling upon to furrow face, broadcasts bonnet fine earth, dark 2～4cm, every mu of sowing quantity 3～5kg.
2.2 drilling
Horizontal furrow trench digging, ditch is apart from 25～30cm, sown scope 8～10cm, dark 2～4cm, every mu of sowing quantity 2～3kg.
2.3 bunch planting
Press seeding row spacing (10～20) cm × (10～20) cm bunch planting.Dark 2～the 4cm in cave, 2～3 of every bunch planting kinds, earthing 2cm, every mu with the about 2kg of seed.While carrying out bunch planting, also can first cover on the ground black mulch film, punch, open cave by seeding row spacing (10～20) cm × (10～20) cm, sowing, can effectively control the growth of weeds.
Five, seedling management technology
1. seedling canopy temperature and humidity management
1.1 temperature standard
Canopy temperature: 10～30 DEG C, preferably 15～25 DEG C; 10cm ground temperature: 10～30 DEG C, preferably 15～25 DEG C.
Take many kinds of measures to regulate canopy temperature: illumination can be added a cover too by force sunshade net, prevents excess Temperature; Also the mode of can adopt water spray (mist), ventilating, open canopy film is lowered the temperature; If temperature is lower, can heat up by closing canopy film or logical hot blast.In the time that canopy temperature is in above-mentioned scope, ground temperature is also in aforementioned range.
1.2 air humidity standards
Humidity is 40～80%, preferably 45%～65%.
The management of 1.3 sunshade nets
After sunrise, rolling sunshade net is subject to light by canopy, makes canopy temperature increase.Afternoon illumination is strong, and in the time that canopy temperature exceedes 20 DEG C, covered with sunshade net, coverage rate are looked weather decision on the same day, and principle is that fine day temperature of shed on daytime is not less than 15 DEG C, not higher than 25 DEG C.Entirely cover night, strives for the canopy temperature that keeps higher as far as possible.
The management of 1.4 canopy films
The temperature control that leaks informaton, should first open lee face, while missing one's aim, then opens windward side, and aperture will be held flexibly according to the weather condition of there and then, forbids to open round the clock the way to manage of canopy.As serious dewfall, in the time forming large hanging drop water on canopy film, can suitably open canopy film hydrofuge.When calm fine day is greater than 2 DEG C as inversion (temperature of shed is lower than the outer temperature of canopy) at dusk, open both sides canopy film, overlay film insulation again after inversion disappears.Forbidding to open prematurely film in cold early morning ventilates.
2. thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings
In time thinning after seedling all sprouts, fill the gaps with seedlings.To the too dense thinning of carrying out of growing, when thinning, to pull out weak seedling, if any the phenomenon of being short of seedling, can be by a transplantation of seedlings going out to the place that is short of seedling.
Broadcast sowing every 5～6cm and stay seedling 1 strain, drilling is stayed seedling 1 strain every 4～5cm, and bunch planting every cave 1 strain, can educate strong sprout 8～120,000 strain for every mu.
3. weeding
Rheum officinale seedling stage, the phenomenon that weeds and rheum officinale seedling strive fertilizer, strive water, win honour for is more serious, artificial weeding in time.
4. water, fertile management
Rheum officinale raise seedling in greenhouse is answered drainage waterlogging prevention, and notes taking precautions against drought.Between nursery stage, the soil of top layer 3cm should have moist feeling (humidity that is top layer 3cm soil is not less than 30%).
Impose the thin liquid dung 2 times of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the amount at every turn applying is 1200～1500kg/ mu, and applying method is as follows: after emerging completely, hoe up weeds, and fertilising; Emerge after complete 1 month, hoe up weeds, again fertilising.
Being prepared by method of the thin liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed: fresh excreta is placed in to septic tank, and sealed fermenting 15～30 days under 20～40 DEG C of conditions, adds 50～200 times of (v/w) water dilutions.
Six, transplant
Seedling rhizome diameter 1cm left and right, can transplant, and growing-seedling period is 4 months.
(2) detection of the rheum officinale seedling indices that cultivation obtains
1, seedling-growing time: have a small amount of seed to start to emerge in after planting approximately a week, a large amount of seeds started to emerge in after planting the 20th day, emerged to the 28th day completely.
2, emergence rate: 80%.
3, growing-seedling period: 4 months.
4, the indices of rheum officinale seedling plant:
Plant height: 18～37cm, average out to 30cm;
Root is long: 12.3～26.5cm, average out to 17.3cm;
Rhizome diameter: 8mm～14mm average out to 12mm;
Root and rhizome fresh weight: 12～23g, average out to 15.6g.
Can find out, the inventive method gained rheum officinale seedling plant is neatly healthy and strong.
The rheum officinale seedling growth that the inventive method is cultivated is fast, and emergence rate is high, and plant is neatly healthy and strong, and seedling raise period is short, with low cost, and market application foreground is good.
Claims (10)
1. a rheum officinale raise seedling in greenhouse method, is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
(1) build booth, whole ground;
(2) sowing: get rheum officinale seed, sowing;
(3) grow seedlings: be to grow seedlings under 10～30 DEG C, the air humidity condition that is 40～80% in canopy temperature;
(4) be cultured to rheum officinale shoot root diameter stem and be not less than 1cm.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1),, apply fertilizer, applied amount is 3000～4000kg/ mu when on whole the ground.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1),, spray mancozeb solution, sprinkling amount is counted 80～120g/ mu with mancozeb when on whole the ground.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described mancozeb solution is prepared by the following method: get the general raw M-80 mancozeb of network, be dissolved in 500～600 times of (v/w) water.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), described rheum officinale seed is sowed after following method is processed again: it is that in the water of 15～30 DEG C, soak time is 12～48h that rheum officinale seed is immersed in to temperature;
Preferably, described water temperature is 20 DEG C, and soak time is 48h.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), described sowing for broadcasting sowing, drilling or bunch planting;
Preferably, described in to broadcast sowing be that seed is evenly sprinkling upon to furrow face, broadcast bonnet fine earth, dark 2～4cm, every mu of seeding quantity is 5～7kg; Described drilling is horizontal furrow trench digging, ditch distance 25～30cm, and sown scope 8～10cm, dark 2～4cm, every mu of seeding quantity is 3～4kg; Described bunch planting is by seeding row spacing (10～20) cm × (10～20) cm bunch planting, the dark 2～4cm in cave, and 5～6 of every bunch planting kinds, earthing 2cm, every mu of seeding quantity is 3kg.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (3), described canopy temperature is 15～25 DEG C; Described air humidity is 45～65%.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the described nursery stage of step (3), the humidity of controlling top layer 3cm soil is not less than 30%.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the described nursery stage of step (3), impose the thin liquid dung 2 times of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the amount at every turn applying is 1200～1500kg/ mu, and applying method is as follows: after emerging completely, hoe up weeds, and fertilising; Emerge after complete 1 month, hoe up weeds, again fertilising; The described thin liquid dung that becomes thoroughly decomposed is prepared by the following method: by fresh excreta sealed fermenting 15～30 days under 20～40 DEG C of conditions, add 50～200 times of (v/w) water dilutions.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the described nursery stage of step (3), the laggard seedling in the ranks and filling the gaps with seedlings of emerging completely, broadcasts sowing every 5～6cm and stay seedling 1 strain, and drilling is stayed seedling 1 strain every 4～5cm, and seedling 1 strain is stayed in the every cave of bunch planting.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104350902A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 天祝藏族自治县藏医药开发研究所 | Rhubarb planting method |
| CN104396517A (en) * | 2014-11-22 | 2015-03-11 | 毛艳玲 | Mixed planting method for rheum dalmatum rhubarb root and cassava |
| CN113906960A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-11 | 曲水县才纳乡国家现代农业示范区管理委员会 | Method for domesticating and planting rheum australe in plateau area |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104350902A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 天祝藏族自治县藏医药开发研究所 | Rhubarb planting method |
| CN104396517A (en) * | 2014-11-22 | 2015-03-11 | 毛艳玲 | Mixed planting method for rheum dalmatum rhubarb root and cassava |
| CN113906960A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-11 | 曲水县才纳乡国家现代农业示范区管理委员会 | Method for domesticating and planting rheum australe in plateau area |
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Application publication date: 20140716 |