CN104885873A - Artificial aid natural regeneration method for pinus tabulaeformis forest - Google Patents
Artificial aid natural regeneration method for pinus tabulaeformis forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN104885873A CN104885873A CN201510238645.3A CN201510238645A CN104885873A CN 104885873 A CN104885873 A CN 104885873A CN 201510238645 A CN201510238645 A CN 201510238645A CN 104885873 A CN104885873 A CN 104885873A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial aid natural regeneration method for a pinus tabulaeformis forest. By adopting three steps of land preparation and loosening, selective intermediate cutting and seedling management for the forest, artificial aid measures are realized for promoting natural regeneration of the pinus tabulaeformis forest, the advantages of natural regeneration such as strong nursery stocks, short culture period and quick forest growth are maintained, the wood soil environment and the stand structure are also improved, the disadvantages that the natural regeneration is restricted by natural conditions and the regeneration effect is poor are overcome, and the conversion from an existing standing forest to an uneven-aged forest or a mingled forest can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the artificial accelerate natural regeneration technology of a kind of Pinus tabulaeformis forest, particularly relate to a kind of artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest.
Background technology
Chinese pine is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, has comparatively strong adaptability and resistance, is considered to one of suitable reproducting tree species in mountain region, North China.The 1950's, in order to produce timber and conserve water and soil, Chinese Government, in Northern Hebei Province mountain region continue planting Chinese pine, defines large-area Chinese pine Artificial Pure at present.
Because in Pinus tabulaeformis forest, dry branches and fallen leaves not easily decomposes, cause Litter Layer in woods thicker, seed cannot touch soil when litter is thicker, and litter also can hinder the sprouting of radicle thus stop the contact on young root and ground, and the digestion of litter also can hinder the growth of chitting piece; In addition, Pinus tabulaeformis forest crown density are larger, understory species diversity lacks, stand structure is unreasonable to be caused contacting the seedling that soil survives and is difficult to grow into treelet because illumination is limited, man-cultivated forestry is made to realize natural renovation like this, whole standing forest is in the same age of stand, and this has great restriction to the sustainable development of the needs of forest and trees.
Current China Chinese pine upgrades mainly artificial reforestation, and artificial reforestation cost is high, the cycle is long, and natural regeneration has and upgrades nursery stock and strengthen, and the advantages such as cultivation cycle is short, and tree growth is fast, therefore research is artificial promotes that Pinus tabulaeformis forest natural regeneration technology is extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method for the artificial accelerate natural regeneration of a kind of Pinus tabulaeformis forest, by whole to loosen the soil, the artificial disturbance measure of selectivity intermediate cutting, seedling management three steps, improve stand structure, soil condition and sylvan life illumination condition, facilitate the fast quick-recovery of natural forest and change to uneven aged forest mixed forest.
For achieving the above object, comprise the following steps,
Step one, whole to loosen the soil: during 8 ~ September, in Chinese pine in closely ripe and mature forest, avoid the treelet that survives and seedling, carry out band shape or spot soil preparation along mountain region contour according to the shape of setting and spacing, form band or block; Ground cover in cleaning tape or block, then loosens the soil in band or block, forms seed abundance zone or seed enrichment block;
Preferably, the bandwidth of described band is 0.5 ~ 1m, and belt distance is 1.5 ~ 2m; The block size of described piece is 2m × 2m, and interblock distance is 2m; Breaking ground when loosening the soil is 10 ~ 15cm deeply;
Step 2, selectivity intermediate cutting: during 11 to December, intermediate cutting is carried out to Pinus tabulaeformis forest, cut down except old, sick, residual and overdone forest and the irrational forest of discharge change, the footpath level accumulation ratio making undersized log, central diameter wood, large diameter tree is 2:3:5, and being evenly distributed with size in forest space is 98 ~ 102m
2forest plantation gap, in forest land, density is 150 ~ 200 strains/hm
2; And the branch of below the height of tree l/2 that leaves tree is pruned; The irrational forest of described discharge change be distributed in rank, uneven aged forest footpath Quantity distribution backward J-shaped curve outside forest;
During the logging slash formed in treatment step two felling process, avoid seed abundance zone/block, treelet and seedling, the method adopting the rotten method of heap and loose laid process to combine processes; Described loose laid process is be layered in post-job woods by loose equably for the branch of diameter 3cm, long below 1m; The rotten method of described heap is for pile up clear woods by remaining branch carrying out, and the length, width and height of heap are 2m × 1.2m × 1m; Described logging slash is that the felling produced in felling process in step 2 is got off and unavailable branch and leaf.
Chinese pine sprigging in seed abundance zone or block is continued to cultivate to cultivating in cup; The minimal medium of described cultivation cup is 1/2MS, comprises the sucrose solution that growth regulator is 2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.03mg/L IBA and 2%; Preferably, the Chinese pine seedling in described seed abundance zone or block reaches 8 ~ 15 strains/m
2time, transplant.
Step 3, seedling management: when soil thaws for 15cm ~ 20cm in spring woods, the location that is short of seedling after removing is cut down to step 2 and carries out after-culture, after-culture seedling is one or more in Chinese pine, lime tree, oak class or Juglans mandshurica; Preferably, after-culture is Chinese pine seedling in seed abundance zone or block with Chinese pine.
The cultivation method of after-culture seedling be preferably dig hollow place, plant in the middle of, not nest root, not crab rooting,
The cultivation method of layering ridging, righting having peace of mind.
Good effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is on the basis of both forest lands, the measure of human assistance is adopted to promote the natural regeneration of Chinese pine plantation, both the renewal nursery stock having remained natural regeneration is strengthened, cultivation cycle is short, the advantages such as tree growth is fast, change again timbered soil environment, stand structure and sylvan life illumination, overcome the restriction of natural regeneration by natural conditions, upgrade the shortcoming of weak effect, effectively can promote that existing standing forest changes to uneven aged forest mixed forest.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Strip soil preparation schematic diagram in the artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1;
The schematic diagram of the spot soil preparation in the artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Embodiment
Further will describe in detail embodiments of the invention below.
Embodiment 1
The artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest of the present invention, its embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) loosen the soil: because the Chinese pine cones maturing stage is on October wholely, the middle ten days, so select carry out loosening the soil August wholely, in Chinese pine near-mature forest, avoid the treelet that survives and seedling, along mountain region contour according to carrying out strip soil preparation, bandwidth 0.8m, belt distance 1.6m, because in Pinus tabulaeformis forest, dry branches and fallen leaves not easily decomposes, cause Litter Layer in woods thicker, litter can hinder the sprouting of radicle thus stop the contact on young root and ground, seed cannot touch soil when litter is thicker, the digestion of litter also can hinder the growth of chitting piece, so as shown in Figure 1, first scalp or hug the ground cover in band, pile the downside in band, form seed abundance zone, breaking ground when loosening the soil is 13cm deeply, after making seed fall into seed abundance zone by self seed, can sprout better.
(2) selectivity intermediate cutting: woods gap has important function for the natural regeneration of promotion forest, has both improved the sprouting condition of seed, does not make again its growth conditions occur sharply to change.Be the non-acoustic detection of Pinus tabulaeformis forest during 11 ~ December, during this period, artificial uniform manufacture size is 100m
2forest plantation gap, concrete grammar is adopt the mode taken into account of Caiyu to carry out large intensity selectivity intermediate cutting to selected forest land, and make Pinus tabulaeformis forest transform to uneven aged forest after intermediate cutting, intermediate cutting method is as follows:
First cut down except old, sick, residual and overdone forest, thus optimize forest zone trees quality.
Then the forest of each footpath level is felled, specific as follows: wood diameter distribution universal law shows, Even-aged pure stands presents approximate normal distribution, Natural Uneven-Aged Forests is the backward J-shaped distribution of approximate Double curve form, it can thus be appreciated that the forest be distributed in outside backward J-shaped curve is the irrational forest of discharge change, so the object of felling is the irrational forests of these discharge change.Research shows, uneven aged forest standing forest has the forest structure of different age, for realizing its continuous utilization, what require in standing forest is little, in, large each footpath level standing crop ratio is reasonable, according to the experiment of French silviculturist A. gill promise and Switzerland silviculturist H. Biot profit, in uneven aged forest, little, in, the accumulation ratio of large footpath level forest is 2:3:5 optimum, so the DBH structure adjusting Pinus tabulaeformis forest by the irrational forest of further intermediate cutting discharge change in intermediate cutting process makes it little, in, the accumulation ratio of large footpath level forest is 2:3:5, little, in, the judgement of large footpath level forest is China's technical stipulation undersized log diameter is 6 ~ 18cm, central diameter wood is 20 ~ 32cm, large diameter tree is more than 34cm.Age Variations, multipath level metastable trees Canopy structure forest community, intactly can keep the ecological balance of forest, maintains continuous utilization.In the present embodiment, the intensity of intermediate cutting can reach 70%, and after felling, in forest land, density is about 180 strains/hm
2.
Finally the branch of below the height of tree l/2 that leaves tree is pruned, keep crown height ratio to be 1/2.Less than 1/2 branch repairing the height of tree belongs to moderate and prunes, the more aobvious advantage of the facilitation of moderate pruning measure to sylvan life growth of seedling, produces simultaneously also do not have an impact to the growth of elite stand.
(3) process of logging slash: felling can be produced in the intermediate cutting process in described step 2 and get off and unavailable branch and leaf, i.e. logging slash, will avoid seed abundance zone, treelet and seedling to the process of logging slash, the method adopting the rotten method of heap and loose laid process to combine is carried out.Loose laid process is be layered in post-job woods by loose equably for the branch being easy to decompose of diameter 3cm, long below 1m, the method economy and facility, and the large amount of organic relying on slash to stay can create good material base for the follow-on renewal of forest; Pile rotten method for remaining larger branch carrying out is piled up clear woods, the length, width and height of heap are 2m × 1.2m × 1m, the method both can create good material base for the follow-on renewal of forest, can provide habitat for wildlife again, wildlife plays important effect to the seed dispersal of forest, forest reclamation and the ecological balance.
(4) seedling management: beyond seed abundance zone, there is litter thicker, seed cannot touch the location of soil, when in seed abundance zone, Chinese pine seedling reaches 10 strains/m
2time, the after-culture in the location that is used for by the seedling of 2/3 being short of seedling, all the other are transplanted to cultivation cup, cultivate Chinese pine seedling.Cultivating the minimal medium of cup is 1/2MS, and optimum is cultivated Chinese pine embryo differentiation and proliferation, also comprises 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and the growth regulator of 0.03mg/L IBA and the sucrose solution of 2% in medium.The after-culture time is that in woods in spring, soil thaws for 15cm ~ 20cm, and by digging hollow place, central, not nest root, not crab rooting, layering ridging, righting having peace of mind the mode of cultivation is cultivated, and planting spacing, from natural 1.5m, realizes the density domination of Pinus tabulaeformis forest by transplanting seedling.In addition because existing Pinus tabulaeformis forest is pure forest mostly, because construct easily when pure forest has construction, intermediate cutting is advantage easily, but large area is built pure forest and is usually produced adverse consequences, as soil fertility reduces gradually, timber yield declines, sick worm and the critical defect such as fire is wayward, so after-culture seedling used is except selecting the Chinese pine seedling that grows in seed abundance zone, also want other seeds of suitable after-culture as lime tree, oak class, Juglans mandshurica, improve existing standing forest to change to uneven aged forest mixed forest, mixed forest more can utilize environmental condition (illumination fully, soil fertility etc.), improve the effectiveness of standing forest total increment, strengthen the resistance of unsuitable environmental condition to external world.After 2 years, the filling grass affecting growth of seedling is cut off in felling, ensure that it grows, avoid overgraze simultaneously.
Embodiment 2
Loosen the soil: September, in Chinese pine mature forest, avoid the treelet that survives and seedling, along mountain region contour spot soil preparation, as shown in Figure 2, block size is 2m × 2m wholely, and interblock is apart from being 2m; Particularly, first scalp or hug the ground cover in block, piling the downside in block, then loosen the soil in block, forming seed enrichment block, breaking ground when loosening the soil is 12cm deeply.The method of selectivity intermediate cutting, seedling management is with embodiment 1.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are realized or uses the present invention.To be apparent for those skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiments, General Principle as defined herein can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention can not be restricted to these embodiments shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (6)
1. the artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps,
Step one, whole to loosen the soil: during 8 ~ September, in Chinese pine in closely ripe and mature forest, avoid the treelet that survives and seedling, carry out band shape or spot soil preparation along mountain region contour according to the shape of setting and spacing, form band or block; Ground cover in cleaning tape or block, then loosens the soil in band or block, builds good seed germination environment, form seed abundance zone or seed enrichment block in block or band;
Step 2, selectivity intermediate cutting: during 11 to December, intermediate cutting is carried out to Pinus tabulaeformis forest, cut down except old, sick, residual and overdone forest and the irrational forest of discharge change, the footpath level accumulation ratio making undersized log, central diameter wood, large diameter tree is 2:3:5, and being evenly distributed with size in forest space is 98 ~ 102m
2forest plantation gap, in forest land, density is 150 ~ 200 strains/hm
2; And the branch of below the height of tree l/2 that leaves tree is pruned; The irrational forest of described discharge change be distributed in rank, uneven aged forest footpath Quantity distribution backward J-shaped curve outside forest;
Step 3, seedling management: when soil thaws for 15cm ~ 20cm in spring woods, cut down the location that is short of seedling after removing carry out after-culture to step 2, after-culture seedling is one or more in Chinese pine, lime tree, oak class or Juglans mandshurica.
2. the artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bandwidth of the band described in step one is 0.5 ~ 1m, and belt distance is 1.5 ~ 2m; The block size of described piece is 2m × 2m, and interblock distance is 2m; Breaking ground when loosening the soil is 10 ~ 15cm deeply.
3. the artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: during the logging slash formed in treatment step two felling process, avoid seed abundance zone/block, treelet and seedling, the method adopting the rotten method of heap and loose laid process to combine processes; Described loose laid process is be layered in post-job woods by loose equably for the branch of diameter 3cm, long below 1m; The rotten method of described heap is for pile up clear woods by remaining branch carrying out, and the length, width and height of heap are 2m × 1.2m × 1m; Described logging slash is that the felling produced in felling process in step 2 is got off and unavailable branch and leaf.
4. the artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the Chinese pine seedling in described seed abundance zone or block reaches 8 ~ 15 strains/m
2time, transplant.
5. the artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in step 3, after-culture is Chinese pine seedling in seed abundance zone/block with Chinese pine.
6. the artificial accelerate natural regeneration method of Pinus tabulaeformis forest according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the Chinese pine sprigging in seed abundance zone/block continues to cultivate to cultivating in cup; It is the 1/2MS medium of interpolation 2.0 mg/L 6-benzyl aminoadenine, 0.03mg/L indolebutyric acid and 2% sucrose in described cultivation cup.
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| CN105766545A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-20 | 北京林业大学 | Construction and management method of mixed ecological public welfare forest |
| CN107347564A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-17 | 贵州省植物园 | Utilize woods window reconstruction Chinese torreya base technology |
| CN107593246A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-19 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | The method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover |
| CN107836266A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-27 | 广西壮族自治区环境保护对外合作交流中心 | The method that eastern ape with long arms and a black comb karst habitat is recovered |
| CN109362457A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-02-22 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A method of promote Phoebe bournei nature forests to update |
| CN109380051A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-02-26 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method that field labor sowing promotes Phoebe bournei seedlings regeneration |
| CN110447444A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-15 | 广西大学 | The artificial method for promoting dalbergia odorifera natural regeneration |
| CN111280014A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-16 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | Method for transforming artificial pure picea asperata forest into picea asperata multilayer mixed forest |
| CN111955253A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-20 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | Liriodendron forest seedling cultivation method |
| CN112740952A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-04 | 四川农业大学 | Regulation and control method for promoting germination and renewal of fir regale seeds |
| CN113383689A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-14 | 北京林业大学 | Method for promoting artificial forest to be updated |
| CN114946309A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-30 | 南开大学 | Method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of artificial forest land |
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| CN105766545A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-20 | 北京林业大学 | Construction and management method of mixed ecological public welfare forest |
| CN107347564A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-17 | 贵州省植物园 | Utilize woods window reconstruction Chinese torreya base technology |
| CN107593246B (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2020-01-24 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Method for promoting recovery of seriously degraded Chinese pine forest land |
| CN107593246A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-19 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | The method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover |
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| CN110447444A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-15 | 广西大学 | The artificial method for promoting dalbergia odorifera natural regeneration |
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| CN111280014A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-16 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | Method for transforming artificial pure picea asperata forest into picea asperata multilayer mixed forest |
| CN111955253A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-20 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | Liriodendron forest seedling cultivation method |
| CN112740952A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-04 | 四川农业大学 | Regulation and control method for promoting germination and renewal of fir regale seeds |
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| CN114946309A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-30 | 南开大学 | Method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of artificial forest land |
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