CN106912299B

CN106912299B - Grafting method of woody plant

Info

Publication number: CN106912299B
Application number: CN201710165581.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张丹; 张茂; 王东超; 孟伟芳; 汪健; 张亮
Original assignee: Henan Hofung Seed Co ltd
Current assignee: Henan Hongfeng Biological High Tech Ltd By Share Ltd
Priority date: 2017-03-20
Filing date: 2017-03-20
Publication date: 2020-05-08
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-20
Also published as: CN106912299A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetative propagation of plants, in particular to a grafting method of woody plants. The grafting method comprises the following steps: adopting current-year healthy branches of woody plants, immersing the lower ends of the branches in hormone for soaking treatment, and then treating the bases of the branches into shapes matched with stocks to obtain scions; the scion is grafted on the stock by adopting a grafting or budding mode. Compared with the traditional grafting method, the grafting method provided by the invention can obviously improve the survival rate of woody plants and save the grafting time.

Description

Grafting method of woody plant

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetative propagation of plants, in particular to a grafting method of woody plants.

Background

'Hongyu' is a new plant variety developed by Henan red maple seedling limited, Zhang Jia and Zhang Dan have a variation phenomenon in irradiated seed sowing of silk cotton (Euonymus maackii) in 2003, and the characters of the variation variety are stable after 3 years of purification, trial planting, improvement and observation. The main characters are as follows: the blade is long, 15-30cm long and 6-10cm wide. The color of the green tea is green in spring and summer and bright red in autumn. Other habits are consistent with those of ordinary silk cotton wood. Strong adaptability, strong resistance, developed root system, salt and alkali resistance, water and moisture resistance and extremely high transplanting survival rate. The 'flood and Yu' is suitable for courtyard planting, lawn planting, street trees and the like, and has strong ornamental value.

The 'Hongyun' is generally propagated by adopting a grafting mode, the grafting has the functions of enhancing the disease resistance of plants, improving the low temperature resistance of the plants, being beneficial to overcoming continuous cropping hazards, expanding the absorption range and capacity of root systems, being beneficial to improving the yield, keeping the excellent characters of female parents and playing the role of rapid propagation. The grafting method comprises the following specific steps: the current-year branches with plump buds and no worm eyes are taken as scions, the lower ends of the scions are treated and then are immersed in hormone for a certain time, and then the scions are grafted on stocks; after grafting, the sufficient water and fertilizer supply of the seedlings is kept, and sprouts on the stocks are timely wiped off, and then the stocks are subjected to core picking and pruning; and (3) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests. However, the method for grafting woody plants such as 'Hongyu' and the like has the problem of low survival rate and has higher requirements on manual technology.

Therefore, it is required to provide a woody plant grafting method with high grafting survival rate.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for grafting woody plants. The grafting method can obviously improve the grafting survival rate of woody plants.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a grafting method of woody plants, which comprises the following steps: adopting current-year healthy branches of woody plants, immersing the lower ends of the branches in hormone for soaking treatment, and then treating the bases of the branches into shapes matched with stocks to obtain scions; the scion is grafted on the stock by adopting a grafting or budding mode.

The invention improves the grafting technology of woody plants such as 'Hongyu' and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps: the scion is cut and directly soaked in the hormone mixed solution (hormone), and the lower end cut is processed after soaking, so that the grafting survival rate can be obviously improved compared with the traditional method that the lower end of the scion is cut and then soaked in the hormone mixed solution, the operation is simpler, and the reference function is provided for grafting of other plants.

Preferably, the hormone is selected from the group consisting of IAA, KT and GA₃An aqueous solution of (a).

Preferably, the concentration of each component in the hormone is: 50-200mg/L IAA, 50-100mg/L KT, GA₃10～50mg/L。

Preferably, the soaking time is 2-4 h.

In the embodiment provided by the invention, the grafting is specifically as follows: and cutting the base of the branch into a wedge shape, inserting the wedge into the incision of the stock, aligning to the cambium and fixing.

In the embodiment provided by the invention, the budding is specifically as follows: and (4) downwards cutting the upper part of the bud of the branch into a shield shape, inserting the shield into the incision of the stock, aligning to a cambium and fixing.

Preferably, the material used for fixation is a BOPP film.

Preferably, the stock is selected from 3-4 years old trees which are strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests.

Preferably, the scion is selected from the current year shoots with plump buds and no eyes.

In the examples provided by the present invention, the woody plant is a variety of silk cottonwood, Hongyu.

Preferably, the 'flooding' grafting period is 2-3 months, and the budding period is 6-8 months.

Preferably, a base fertilizer is applied to the rootstocks one week before 'Hongyu' grafting, wherein the base fertilizer is an organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 2-5kg per plant.

In the embodiment provided by the invention, the method further comprises maintenance work after grafting, wherein the maintenance work is as follows: after grafting, the sufficient water and fertilizer supply of the seedlings is kept, and the sprouts on the stocks are timely removed, so that excessive nutrients are not consumed. Pinching and trimming, wherein when a new grafted branch grows to about 30cm, pinching needs to be carried out in time, and thinning needs to be carried out on an endogenetic growth branch in time; trimming and shaping 5 late months in the second year, performing crown treatment, and outplanting in spring in the third year. Controlling plant diseases and insect pests by spraying 30% copper nonyl phenolsulfonate microemulsion with 1000-2000 times of liquid; the grafting is carried out 3-4 times per year alternately, and the same biological control medicine can be adopted for treatment as in grafting.

The invention provides a grafting method of woody plants. The grafting method comprises the following steps: adopting current-year healthy branches of woody plants, immersing the lower ends of the branches in hormone for soaking treatment, and then treating the bases of the branches into shapes matched with stocks to obtain scions; the scion is grafted on the stock by adopting a grafting or budding mode. The invention has at least one of the following advantages:

1. the grafting method can obviously improve the survival rate of woody plants, for example, the grafting survival rate of the cotton-silk variation variety 'Hongyu' is improved to 90 percent from 35 to 63 percent of the traditional method, and the grafting survival rate is improved to 91 percent from 28 to 65 percent of the traditional method;

2. compared with the traditional grafting method, the grafting method disclosed by the invention has the advantage that the time is saved by 30% by using the grafting method disclosed by the invention through comparison of actual operation tests.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses a grafting method of woody plants, which can be realized by appropriately improving process parameters by the technical personnel in the field by referring to the content. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Interpretation of terms:

IAA: indole-3-acetic acid, indole-yl-3-acetic acid, originally known as isoauxin, also known as indoleacetic acid, abbreviated IAA. A hormone reagent for stimulating plant growth is widely used in agricultural production.

KT: kinetin, a non-natural cytokinin, is chemically known as 6-glycosylaminopurine (or N6-furylmethyl adenine) and has the molecular formula C₁₀H₉N₅And O. Is insoluble in water and soluble in strong acid, alkali and glacial acetic acid; besides the function of promoting cell division, it also has the functions of delaying the senility of in vitro leaf and cut flower, inducing bud differentiation and development and increasing stomatal aperture.

GA₃: gibberellins, a ubiquitous plant hormone. The chemical structure belongs to diterpenoid acid and is derived from a tetracyclic skeleton. The gibberellin has at least 38 types, is applied to agricultural production, can stimulate the growth of leaves and buds, and improves the yield.

BOPP: is an abbreviation of "biaxialy organized Polypropylene", BOPP film is Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene film.

The invention provides a 'flood' grafting propagation method with high survival rate, simplicity, convenience and easy operation, which comprises the following steps: preparation before grafting, determination of grafting time, selection and treatment of stocks and scions, maintenance after grafting and the like. The method comprises the following steps:

1. preparation before grafting

Grafting knives and plastic films are important tools in grafting. The grafting blade is thin and sharp enough, and the cut cambium can be neat enough, which is beneficial to ensuring the survival rate of grafting. When grafting, a single-sided blade which is made of high-carbon steel and can be held by hand is adopted, and the blade is plated with a plurality of layers of nano-plating layers, is sharp and durable, and can quickly cut a neat interface. The plastic film is used for binding the scions and the stocks, and the biaxially oriented polypropylene film (BOPP) adopted by people has good physical stability, mechanical strength and air tightness, high transparency and glossiness, toughness and wear resistance. The BOPP film is used for binding the scions, so that the wetting of the grafting section can be well kept, and meanwhile, the infection of the grafting section caused by rainwater drenching can be prevented for a long time.

2. Grafting time

The grafting of 'Hongyu' is divided into scion grafting and bud grafting. The grafting is generally carried out in 2-3 months in early spring, the bud grafting is generally carried out in 6-8 months, and clear weather is selected to avoid the grafting in rainy days or before and after rainy days.

3. Selection of rootstock and scion

The stock should be selected to be similar to the scion. The stock is selected from 3-4 years old silk cotton wood which is strong and has no disease or insect pest, and the scion is selected from the current year branch with plump bud and no insect eye.

4. Treatment of rootstock and scion

Before grafting, the rootstock needs to be applied with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer once, each plant is 2-5kg, and enough water is poured.

Adding 50-200mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 50-100mg/L KT (kinetin) and 10-50mg/L GA after scion picking₃Soaking in gibberellin water for 2-4 hr, and soaking for 8 hr.

5. Maintenance after grafting

After grafting, the sufficient water and fertilizer supply of the seedlings is kept, and the sprouts on the stocks are timely removed, so that excessive nutrients are not consumed. Pinching and trimming, wherein when a new grafted branch grows to about 30cm, pinching needs to be carried out in time, and thinning needs to be carried out on an endogenetic growth branch in time; trimming and shaping 5 late months in the second year, performing crown treatment, and outplanting in spring in the third year. Controlling plant diseases and insect pests by spraying 30% copper nonyl phenolsulfonate microemulsion with 1000-2000 times of liquid; the grafting is carried out 3-4 times per year alternately, and the same biological control medicine can be adopted for treatment as in grafting.

Tools, materials, medicaments and the like used in the grafting method of the woody plant provided by the invention can be purchased from the market.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:

example 1:

1. preparation before grafting

The BOPP film was wound into rolls with a diameter of about 15cm and the whole roll was cut to a width of 1.5-2 cm. When in use, the cutting is automatically carried out according to the thickness of the stock, and the scion and the stock are wound and bound from bottom to top. The grafting knife uses single sheets, and each 1000 grafting sheets are replaced once to keep the sharpness of the blade.

2. Grafting time

The grafting is generally carried out in 2-3 months in early spring. The bud grafting is generally carried out in 6-8 months, the bud grafting is preferably carried out by a T-shaped method, and after the bud grafting survives in 8 months, because the growing period is shorter, the bud can be stuffy to overwinter to the next year. The grafting operation needs to avoid rainy days to prevent rainwater from permeating to influence survival.

3. Selection of rootstock and scion

The stock is selected from 3-4 years old silk cotton wood which is strong and has no disease or insect pest, and the scion is selected from the current year branch with plump bud and no insect eye. And during budding, selecting a branch with a full bud body, and removing 2-3 pairs of tender buds at the top of the branch. When in grafting, 2-3 pairs of buds are reserved on the scion, the length is 5-8cm, the thickness is moderate, and no wound is left on branches.

4. Treatment of rootstock and scion

Before grafting, the rootstock needs to be applied with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer once, each plant is 2kg, and enough water is poured.

Adding 50mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 50mg/L KT (kinetin) and 20mg/L GA after scion picking₃(gibberellin) water soak for 2 h.

The method comprises the following steps of firstly, beveling the upper end of the stock close to the peripheral part to a depth of about 2-3 cm; and then the scion is taken, the base part is cut into a wedge shape with the outer side being thicker than the inner side and the length being 2-3cm, the slightly thicker surface is placed outside and inserted into the cut of the stock to be aligned with the cambium, then a BOPP film is used for winding from bottom to top, all the scions are wrapped, and the bud heads are exposed. The film is removed after 2 months, the length of the spike can reach 30-50cm, the branch is cut short in time to avoid wind breaking, and the branch can be cultured into thick and strong branches.

When bud grafting, firstly, a smooth part on the stock is transversely cut to be 1.5-2cm long, the depth is based on cutting off the bark, and then, the smooth part is downwards cut to be 2-3cm long from the middle part to form a T-shaped line. Cutting slightly xylem at 0.5-1cm above the bud downwards to obtain shield-shaped scion, aligning to the cambium, and bundling with BOPP film from bottom to top.

5. Maintenance after grafting

Example 2:

1. preparation before grafting

2. Grafting time

3. Selection of rootstock and scion

4. Treatment of rootstock and scion

Before grafting, the rootstock needs to be applied with organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer once generally, each plant is 5kg, and enough water is poured.

Adding 200mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 100mg/L KT (kinetin) and 50mg/L GA after scion picking₃Soaking in water (gibberellin) for 4 hr.

5. Maintenance after grafting

Example 3:

1. preparation before grafting

2. Grafting time

3. Selection of rootstock and scion

4. Treatment of rootstock and scion

Before grafting, the rootstock needs to be applied with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer once, each plant is 3kg, and enough water is poured.

Adding 200mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 100mg/L KT (kinetin) and 10mg/L GA after scion picking₃Soaking in water (gibberellin) for 4 hr.

5. Maintenance after grafting

Test example 1:

adopting different scion treatment modes to carry out flood grafting, wherein the scion treatment modes are as follows:

examples 1 to 3: firstly, the opposite scions are immersed into IAA + KT + GA₃Treating with water solution, then performing grafting, bud grafting and grafting;

comparison 1: soaking in clear water for 4h, performing scion grafting and bud grafting treatment, and grafting; otherwise, the procedure was as in example 3;

comparison 2: grafting and bud grafting, adding 200mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 100mg/L KT (kinetin) and 10mg/L GA₃Soaking gibberellin in water for 4h, and grafting; otherwise, the procedure was as in example 3;

comparison 3: grafting and bud grafting, adding 200mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 100mg/L KT (kinetin) and 10mg/L GA₃Soaking in water for 10s, and grafting; the other operations were the same as in example 3.

The above 6 treatments, each branch grafting and bud grafting 100 'flood yun', the statistical survival rate after 60 days of grafting is as follows:

TABLE 1 grafting survival rates of 'Hongyu' after different grafting methods

The test comparison result shows that the hormone soaking before the scion treatment can obviously improve the grafting survival rate of 'flooding', and after the scion treatment, the hormone soaking for a short time can improve the survival rate, but the long time is not beneficial to the survival of the scion. Therefore, the hormone is soaked before scion treatment, so that the grafting survival rate of 'flood' can be improved.

The grafting knife used in grafting is different from other grafting modes, is a single-sided blade which can be held by hand, is coated with multiple layers of nano coatings, is sharp and durable, can quickly cut out neat interfaces, has small damage to stocks and scions, and is easy to handle by operators. After the cutter is used for a certain number of times, the cutter can be directly replaced, the cost is low, and the sharpness and the working efficiency of the blade are ensured.

The binding film is a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film which has good physical stability, mechanical strength and air tightness, high transparency and glossiness, toughness and wear resistance. The BOPP film is used for binding the scions, so that the wetting of the grafting section can be well kept, and meanwhile, the infection of the grafting section caused by rainwater drenching can be prevented for a long time.

Organic fertilizer is applied to the stock one week before grafting, water is sufficiently poured, and no additional fertilizer is applied during the maintenance after grafting, so that the manual use during the later maintenance is reduced. Organic fertilizer is applied before grafting, fertilizer efficiency is slowly released, nutrition required by plants is supplemented, and the growth of the plants is facilitated. The method avoids the phenomenon that the growth of the grafted nursery stock is influenced due to abuse of the fertilizer or nutrition fault caused by the fact that non-professionals cannot accurately master the using amount of the fertilizer during later-period fertilization.

Grafting scion before NAA (naphthylacetic acid), KT (kinetin) and GA₃The high-concentration solution mixed by the three hormones (gibberellin) is soaked for 2-4h, so that the mobility of a scion cambium can be accelerated, the scion cambium can be combined with a stock more quickly after grafting, and the scion can be used for germination. In other inventions, the lower end of the scion is cut and soaked in the hormone, so that the phenomenon that the cut is exposed in air or liquid for a long time to cause the expansion of the scion and influence the survival rate is avoided.

Compared with the traditional grafting method, the grafting method saves 30 percent of time by comparison through actual operation tests,

and the grafting survival rate can reach 92.2 percent, the bud grafting survival rate is 95.5 percent, and the trouble of additionally applying fertilizer is also saved in the later maintenance.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grafting method of a silk floss wood variation variety 'Hongyu' is characterized by comprising the following steps: adopting a 'Hongyu' current-year healthy branch, immersing the lower end of the branch into hormone for soaking treatment, and then treating the base of the branch into a shape which is mutually matched with a stock to obtain a scion; grafting the scion to the stock by adopting a scion grafting or bud grafting mode;

the hormone is IAA, KT and GA₃The concentration of each component in the hormone is as follows: IAA 200mg/L, KT100mg/L, GA₃10mg/L；

The soaking time is 4 hours;

the grafting concrete is as follows: cutting the base of the branch into a wedge shape, inserting the wedge into a stock cut, aligning to a cambium and fixing;

the bud grafting specifically comprises the following steps: downward cutting the upper part of the shoot into a shield shape, inserting the shield into the cut of the stock, aligning to a cambium and fixing;

the material adopted for fixing is a BOPP film;

the grafting period is 2-3 months, and the budding period is 6-8 months;

and applying a base fertilizer to the rootstock one week before grafting, wherein the base fertilizer is an organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 2-5kg per plant.