CN112219579B - Construction method and application of castanopsis hystrix juvenile cutting orchard - Google Patents
Construction method and application of castanopsis hystrix juvenile cutting orchard Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method and application of a young castellated corncob collection garden. The method takes the castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedling as the stock, takes the well-selected excellent family as the scion source, and keeps the rejuvenation of the scion through the technologies of bark grafting, high-strength top cutting, bent branch, subcutaneous rooting and the like, thereby not only being capable of quickly expanding propagation and building a scion collecting garden of an excellent clone, but also being capable of providing a large amount of excellent scion for the production application in the aspects of subsequent cuttage, grafting, in-vitro culture and the like. The invention provides the explants with high rejuvenation for the clonal propagation modes of cuttage, tissue culture and the like, and the survival rate is high; the current situations that the main roots of the seedlings are developed, the fibrous roots are few and the afforestation survival rate is low are solved; meanwhile, the current situation that the young and the old of the castanopsis hystrix fructification phenomenon is difficult to meet the demand of the young seeds can be rapidly solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fine variety breeding of trees, and particularly relates to a construction method and application of a castanopsis hystrix juvenile cutting orchard.
Background
The mangosteen (Castanopsis hystrix A.DC) also named as Hongli, dajiu, kayia, hong tannin extract, hong xu tannin extract and hong Ke, belongs to the botanical genus evergreen tree of the kauri, the tree body is straight, the tree height can reach 30 m, the breast diameter can reach more than 1 m, it is the tree species composed of the superiority of the evergreen broad-leaved forest of the subtropical and subtropical vegetation in south China, it belongs to the important local broad-leaved precious material and the high-efficient multi-purpose ecological public-benefit forest tree species in south China. The Hongzui is naturally distributed in the east longitude 95 degrees 20 'to 118 degrees 0' and the north latitude 18 degrees 30 'to 25 degrees 0', the main production area is concentrated in the southern parts of Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian, the periphery of the Hongzui is distributed in the southern parts of Yunnan, southeast of Guizhou and the southern parts of Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hainan province, and the edge of the Hongzui is distributed in the ink county of Tibet. The castanopsis hystrix has the excellent characteristics of fast growth, excellent material quality, wide application, high benefit and the like. The main stem is straight, hard, red, strong in corrosion resistance, non-cracking, non-deforming and easy to process, is a high-quality precious material, and can be used for buildings, shipbuilding, high-grade furniture, wooden floors, military supplies, sports equipment and the like. The seeds are rich in starch, can be fried to eat, feed and wine, and the seeds and the shells are rich in tannin, so that tannin extract can be extracted. The mangosteen is used as an important component of the regional vegetation apical community in south China, has good ecological stability and excellent ecological benefit, and is a very good large-diameter-grade timber tree species. The method has a vigorous growth period and a good growth speed, can be used for harvesting more than 10 times in one afforestation, is durable in operation for one hundred years, has dense branches and leaves and good mixed performance, can be used as a material and a water source conservation forest for pure forest planting, and can also be popularized and applied to mixed forest afforestation for defective forest reconstruction and ecological public welfare forest reconstruction. Therefore, the tree species become a very important local broadleaf tree species in south China, and the water source conservation forest constructed by the mangnolia cone every year, the low-efficiency ecological public welfare forest transformation and the pure forest area exceed 3500 hectares.
The cutting orchard is one of the important ways of the propagation of the improved variety of the forest, but most of the existing cutting orchids of the red awl take the seedling as the stock plant, and because the inter-seed differentiation is large, the high-quality character of the improved variety is difficult to be utilized to the maximum. Therefore, the method is different from the traditional construction mode of the cutting orchard, breaks through the differentiation problem of seedlings, fully utilizes 'vegetative propagation fixed variation', and maintains the excellent properties of improved varieties to the maximum extent, which is very important for the healthy development of the red cone industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a construction method of a young redcone cutting orchard.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the construction method of the young red cone cutting orchard.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a construction method of a young redcone cutting orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of cutting nursery site
The establishment site of the cutting nursery is selected from the places with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose soil and fertile soil;
(2) arrangement of cutting nursery and soil preparation
Deeply turning and leveling the garden, digging fixed planting holes, and stacking surface soil on two sides of the holes so as to apply the surface soil back to the holes when the holes are returned; mixing a base fertilizer and nutrient soil, wherein the base fertilizer is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, uniformly stirring, applying to the lower half part of a hole, returning to surface soil, planting in a cloudy day after rain, and spraying a sterilizing disinfectant one day before planting;
(3) selection of materials for cutting orchard
Comprehensively selecting the growth character and the breeding value of the castanopsis hystrix, and selecting a plurality of excellent clones as a cutting orchard material;
(4) cultivation of cutting nursery material
Selecting 1.5 to 2-year-old seedlings which are strong and have no diseases or insect pests, cutting off trunks at a position 8-10 cm away from a base by taking castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedlings with the height of more than 50cm and the ground diameter of 0.8-2 cm as stocks, grafting in a bark grafting mode, wherein the scions are the scion nursery materials selected in the step (3), and meanwhile, tightly winding the joints by using a thin film; after grafting, water spraying is carried out according to weather conditions, water is not sprayed in the first 15 days generally, and the substrate is not dried; after 15-20 days, carrying out statistics on the grafting survival rate; the bud body is dark green, full and fresh, and the sprouting is the survival of the grafting; timely performing supplementary grafting when the survivors do not survive; cutting off the interface film after 15 days from the day of statistics of survival rate so as to be beneficial to better growth of buds, and regularly erasing rootstock sprouts; when the seedlings are 15-20 cm high, removing the nutrition bag outside the castanopsis hystrix stock, and keeping the nutrition soil balls in the nutrition bag complete and not loose, so that the root system is not damaged; then transplanting into a beauty planting bag, wherein the matrix in the beauty planting bag is yellow core soil and peat soil mixed soil, and obtaining clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bag;
(5) establishment of young cutting orchard
Performing top cutting and tip breaking treatment on the clone grafted seedlings of the American planting bag in the step (4), and cutting off lateral branches to leave 2-3 lateral branches close to the top end; obliquely placing the clone grafted seedlings of the American planting bag into the holes, wherein the included angle between the plants and the ground is 5-30 degrees; selecting a part 5-20 cm away from the plant base, bending branches, fixing, peeling one side close to the ground, and peeling to the position of a xylem, wherein the peeling width is 1/2-2/3 circles of the trunk of the grafted seedling plant, and the peeling length is 5-10 cm; and (3) coating a rooting agent on the peeling position, and then covering the peeling position with nutrient soil.
(6) Management of cutting nursery
Cutting off lateral branches of sprouts, beginning sprouting and rooting subcutaneously for 20d 1 time per month, sprouting young scion strips on the ground, covering the base part with nutrient soil, and keeping the scion strips growing vertically; and (3) within 1-3 months after subcutaneous sprouting, applying urea liquid fertilizer for 2-3 times per month, applying P, K fertilizers while applying N fertilizers after 3 months, and spraying 1% equivalent Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim solution once per month to prevent diseases.
The cutting orchard in the step (1) is preferably located in a place with good illumination conditions, sufficient water source, good ventilation and drainage and deep, loose and fertile soil layer.
The spacing between the planting holes in the step (2) is preferably 3m × 3 m.
And (3) installing a drip irrigation system between every two (2) rows of planting holes in the step (2).
The specification of the planting holes in the step (2) is preferably 80cm × 80cm × 60 cm.
The nutrient soil in the step (2) is preferably yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 30-50%: 30-50% and 30-50% by weight; more preferably, the mass ratio of yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge is 40%: 30 percent to 30 percent.
The using amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the step (2) is preferably 0.4-0.6 kg/hole; more preferably 0.5 kg/hole.
The nutrient soil, the base fertilizer and the surface soil in the step (2) are preferably 90-96% by mass: 3%: 1-7% of the mixture ratio; more preferably 95% by mass: 3%: 2 percent of the mixture ratio is used.
The sterilization disinfectant in the step (2) is a mixed solution of potassium permanganate and carbendazim; more preferably a mixed solution obtained by mixing potassium permanganate with the concentration of 0.1 percent (w/v) and carbendazim with the concentration of 0.5 percent (w/v); most preferably a potassium permanganate solution with a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) and a carbendazim solution with a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) in a volume ratio of 1:1 mixing the obtained mixed solution.
The preferred castanopsis hystrix in step (3) is castanopsis hystrix superior family clone grafted seedling.
The comprehensive evaluation of the growth traits and the breeding values thereof in the step (3) is preferably carried out by carrying out variance analysis and genetic parameter estimation on 7 growth and shape traits of breast diameter, tree height, crown width, straightness, branch angle, branch number and branch thickness, estimating the genetic values of different traits of each clone and selecting according to the 30% selection rate.
Said number is preferably 14.
The preferred rootstock in the step (4) is a castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedling with the ground diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm; more preferably, the ground diameter of the castanopsis hystrix seedlings is 1.0 cm.
The grafting time in the step (4) is preferably 12 months to 2 months in the next year; more preferably from 12 months of the year to 1 month of the following year.
The substrate in the step (4) is not dried, and preferably, the humidity of the substrate is kept between 60 and 75 percent.
The specification of the beauty treatment bag in the step (4) is preferably 30cm multiplied by 35 cm.
The peat soil and the yellow core soil in the mixed soil in the step (4) are preferably mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
And (5) before obliquely placing the clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bags into the holes, carrying out top cutting treatment on the clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bags, and cutting off side branches to leave 2-3 near top end side branches.
Obliquely placing the clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bag into the holes, wherein an included angle of 15-30 degrees is formed between the plants and the ground preferably; more preferably the plants are at a 15 ° angle to the ground.
The part of the bent branch in the step (5) is preferably 5-10 cm away from the plant base; more preferably 10cm from the base of the plant.
The bent branches in the step (5) are preferably to bend trunk branches of the grafted seedlings by 90 degrees, and the top ends of the trunk branches are lower than the bending parts.
The fixing in the step (5) is preferably by iron ring fixing.
The width of the barking in the step (5) is preferably 2/3 circles of the trunk of the grafted seedling plant.
The rooting agent in the step (5) is preferably ABT rooting agent with the concentration of 1% (w/v) or 2.5% (w/v) IBA.
The nutrient soil in the step (5) is preferably obtained by mixing yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The nutrient soil in the step (6) is preferably obtained by mixing yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard is applied to constructing the cutting orchard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the asexual propagation of the castanopsis hystrix is a difficult point of large-scale propagation, the purpose of building the rejuvenation cutting orchard is to obtain enough rejuvenated explants for clonal tissue culture, enough cuttings are used for the production of cutting seedlings, and the yield and the rejuvenation degree of the cuttings are the targets pursued by people. The invention discloses a construction method of a high-young cutting orchard for a red cone, which can provide high-young explants for clonal propagation modes such as cuttage, tissue culture and the like, and has high survival rate; the current situations that the main roots of the seedlings are developed, the fibrous roots are few and the afforestation survival rate is low are solved; meanwhile, the current situation that the young and the old of the castanopsis hystrix fructification phenomenon is difficult to meet the demand of the young seeds can be rapidly solved.
(2) The materials for building the nursery are good families/clone lines with high genetic gain, can provide good material sources for vegetative propagation, and are different from the traditional nursery building mode.
(3) The method selects a position 5-10 cm away from the base part as a branch bending part, the branch bending part is the youngest part on the development of the trunk stage, the physiological function is strong, and nutrients and water delivered from the root can be obtained firstly, so that the young shoots are drawn and strong, the leaves are large, and the growth is rapid.
(4) The invention provides a method for maintaining the rejuvenation of scion shoots by taking castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedlings as rootstocks, taking well-selected excellent families as scion sources and adopting the technologies of bark grafting, high-strength top cutting, bent branch, subcutaneous rooting and the like, so that the method not only can quickly propagate and build a scion collecting garden of excellent clones, but also can provide a large amount of excellent scion shoots for production application in the aspects of subsequent cuttage, grafting, isolated culture and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the curved branch rejuvenation treatment of the castanopsis hystrix grafted seedlings in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the peeling treatment in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of sprouting of the young ear in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of example 1 after covering with soil.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the bent shoot sprouting of example 1.
Fig. 6 is an effect diagram of the cutting orchard constructed in example 1.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of different grafting methods and ground diameters on survival rate in example 3.
FIG. 8 is a result chart of the effect of different peeling treatment methods on rooting in example 4.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of different peeling treatments on germination in example 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The reagents and methods used in the examples are those commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
The red cone is from Guangdong province.
Example 1: construction of red cone high-degree juvenile cutting orchard
A construction method of a young redcone cutting orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of cutting nursery site
The establishment site of the ear garden is selected from a mountain base behind the Guangdong province forestry scientific research institute, the terrain is flat, the illumination condition is good, the water source is sufficient, the ventilation and the drainage are good, and the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile.
(2) Arrangement of cutting nursery and soil preparation
Deeply turning and leveling a nursery land, and installing drip irrigation systems between every two (2) rows; digging fixed planting holes with the specification of 80cm multiplied by 60cm according to the space of 3m multiplied by 3m, and piling surface soil at two sides of the holes so as to apply the surface soil back to the holes when the holes are returned; mixing yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 40% to 30% to obtain nutrient soil; the base fertilizer is 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per hole, mixed with nutrient soil and applied to the lower half part of the hole, surface soil is returned (the nutrient soil, the base fertilizer and the surface soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of 95%: 3%: 2%), field planting is carried out on a rainy day in a cloudy day, and sterilization disinfectant (a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.1% (w/v) and a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 0.5% (w/v) are sprayed one day before the premise of field planting and mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain the fertilizer.
(3) Selection of materials for cutting orchard
The nursery material is obtained by carrying out variance analysis and genetic parameter estimation on 7 growth and shape and character characteristics of the diameter at breast height, tree height, crown width, straightness, branch angle, branch number and branch thickness of the castanopsis hystrix, estimating genetic values of different characters of each clone, and selecting 14 excellent clones according to 30% of selection rate (the specific determination indexes and methods are shown in journal papers: Liaohuanjin and the like. the castanopsis of the castanopsis hystrix 1.5 generation improved seed garden clone growth and shape and character mutation analysis. forestry and environmental science, material 1 and method part in 2016).
(4) Cultivation of cutting nursery material
Selecting a seedling which is strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and grows for 1.5 to 2 years, cutting off a trunk at a position 8-10 cm away from a base part by taking a castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedling with the height of the seedling being more than 50cm and the ground diameter being 1cm as a stock, grafting in the next 1 month in a skin grafting mode, and winding a film on a joint, wherein a scion is a good family cutting garden material selected in the step (3); after grafting, water spraying is carried out according to weather conditions, water is not sprayed in the first 15 days generally, and the substrate is not dried; after 20 days, carrying out statistics on the grafting survival rate; the bud body is dark green, full and fresh, and the sprouting is the survival of the grafting; timely performing supplementary grafting when the survivors do not survive; cutting off the interface film after 15 days from the day of statistics of survival rate so as to be beneficial to better growth of buds, and regularly erasing rootstock sprouts; and when the seedlings are 20cm high, removing the black nutrition bag outside the castanopsis hystrix stock, keeping the complete and loose loess clusters without damaging roots, transplanting the seedlings into a beauty planting bag (the specification is 30cm multiplied by 35cm), wherein the matrix in the beauty planting bag is mixed soil of loess and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and obtaining the clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bag.
(5) Establishment of young cutting orchard
Performing top cutting and tip breaking treatment on the clone grafted seedlings of the American planting bag in the step (4), and cutting off side branches to leave 3 near top end side branches; obliquely placing the clone grafted seedlings of the American planting bag into the holes, wherein the included angle of the plants and the ground is 15 degrees; selecting a part with a distance of 10cm from the plant base to bend branches, bending the main branches by 90 degrees, fixing the top ends of the main branches lower than the bent parts by using an iron ring, peeling one side close to the ground, and peeling to the position of a xylem, wherein the peeling width is 2/3 circles of the main trunk of the grafted seedling plant, and the peeling length is 10 cm; smearing ABT rooting agent with the concentration of 1% (w/v) on the peeling position, and then covering the peeling position with a matrix, wherein the matrix is a mixed matrix of yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
(6) Management of cutting nursery
Cutting off lateral branches for germination, beginning germination and rooting subcutaneously for 20d 1 time per month, germinating the overground part to form young ear strips, covering the basal part with nutrient soil (obtained by mixing yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1), and keeping the ear strips to grow vertically. Within 1-3 months after subcutaneous sprouting, 2 times per month apply urea liquid fertilizer with concentration of 3% (w/v), after 3 months, apply N fertilizer and add P, K fertilizer of 3% (w/v), spray 1% equivalent Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim solution once per month to prevent diseases.
The curved branch rejuvenation treated castanopsis hystrix grafted seedlings are shown in fig. 1, the peeling treatment is shown in fig. 2, the rejuvenated ear buds are shown in fig. 3, the covering management is shown in fig. 4, the curved branch germination promoting effect is shown in fig. 5, and the created cutting orchard is shown in fig. 6.
Example 2: case effect comparison of truncated versus non-truncated
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the treatment of the top ends of clone-grafted seedlings in step (5) is different; the specific operation is as follows:
selecting 10 clones (the serial numbers are respectively 2, 3, 5, 16, 21, 22, 26, 27, 29 and 30) of the red cone, respectively carrying out T1 top-cutting and T2 non-top-cutting treatment on grafted seedlings of each of the 3 clones, recording the number and the growth vigor of the buds after 1 month, wherein the used indexes comprise the total number of the buds, the average number of the buds, the maximum number of the buds of a single plant and the distribution interval of the number of the buds.
The results are shown in table 1 below:
table 1: effect of truncation on sprouting
As a result, the same clone is subjected to top-cutting and tip-cutting treatment, so that the germination time is early, the number of buds in a young state is large, and the plant type is high and strong.
Example 3: comparison of case effects of bark grafting, cleft grafting and cutting
The embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that the grafting modes and the ground diameters of the rootstocks and the scions in the step (4) are different; the specific operation is as follows:
the method adopts three modes of A1 bark grafting, A2 cleft grafting and A3 cutting grafting, the ground diameter of the rootstock is B1(0.8cm), B2(1.0cm), B3(1.5cm) and B4(2.0cm), the thickness of each rootstock is 4, 20 plants are treated for each type, and the process is repeated for 3 times. The specific treatment method and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings are shown in the following table 2 and fig. 7.
Table 2: influence of different grafting modes on survival rate
The results show that the obvious difference exists among different treatments, the grafting of the castanopsis hystrix by adopting the skin grafting method and the grafting of the rootstock with the ground diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm have the best effect, the grafting survival rate can reach more than 90%, wherein the grafting survival rate of the rootstock with the ground diameter of 1.0cm is the highest, and the average grafting survival rate can reach 93.3%.
Example 4: contrast of peeling width to Length case Effect
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the peeling width and length in step (5) are different; the specific operation is as follows:
b1(1/2 circles), B2(2/3 circles) and B3(1 circle) with peeling widths of plant trunks are respectively set, and peeling lengths of A (5cm), B (10cm) and C (15cm) are set as a control without peeling treatment. Each 20 plants were treated, 3 times of repetition, and the number of roots and the number of sprouts were counted after 20 days. The specific peel width and length combinations and results are shown in tables 3 and 4 and figures 2, 8 and 9 below.
Table 3: effect of different peeling treatments on rooting
Table 4: effect of different peeling treatments on sprouting
The test result shows that: the peeling has obvious influence on subcutaneous rooting and sprouting, the number of the rooting and the sprouting without peeling is small, most of the rooting and the sprouting are not rooted, when the peeling width is respectively B1(1/2 circles) and B2(2/3 circles) of the trunk of a plant, and the peeling length is A (5cm) and B (10cm), the sprouting number and the rooting number are gradually increased along with the increase of the peeling length and the peeling width and are both higher than the contrast. However, when the length of the complete peeling or barking is 15cm, the tendency is reduced, and even part of the plant is dead.
Example 5: effect of different rooting agents in comparison with case
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the rooting promoter used in the present example is different in step (5); the specific operation is as follows:
different rooting promoters and treatment methods are compared and tested: a, B, C, D, E are adopted for processing. A: not processing; b: coating clear water; c: smearing 10% (w/v) alcohol solution; d, smearing 1.0 percent (w/v) of ABT rooting agent; e: 2.5% (w/v) IBA was applied. After 20 plants are treated for 3 times, counting the number of roots after 20 days, and calculating the rooting rate.
The test finds that: the treatment with 10% (v/v) alcohol solution was superior to that with clear water, with the least effect being untreated. Analysis shows that 10% (v/v) alcohol solution and clear water treatment can reduce rooting inhibiting substances in the scion, thereby improving the survival rate. The rooting rate of 1.0 percent (w/v) of ABT rooting agent and 2.5 percent (w/v) of IBA can reach more than 80 percent, wherein the effect of 1.0 percent (w/v) of ABT rooting agent is the best, and can reach 88.7 percent.
Table 5: effect of different treatments on rooting
Example 6: contrast case effect of different bent branch processing
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the branch bending treatment used in this example in step (5) is different; the specific operation is as follows:
a1 bending the trunk branch at 90 deg and making it platform;
a2 bending the trunk branch by 90 degrees and pressing the branch near the top end to be not higher than the bent part of the branch;
a3 the trunk branch is bent by 90 degrees and the branch near the top is pressed down but higher than the bent part of the branch.
Non-bent branches were used as Control (CK).
The results are shown in table 6 and fig. 1.
TABLE 6 influence of the bent shoot mode on sprouting
As a result, the A2 method has good sprouting promoting effect, large sprouting amount and robustness. Analysis of variance showed that treatments a1 and A3 differed insignificantly while treatments a1 and A3 and a2 differed significantly.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing a young redcone cutting orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of cutting nursery site
The establishment site of the cutting nursery is selected from the places with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose soil and fertile soil;
(2) arrangement of cutting nursery and soil preparation
Deeply turning and leveling the garden, digging fixed planting holes, and stacking surface soil on two sides of the holes so as to apply the surface soil back to the holes when the holes are returned; mixing a base fertilizer and nutrient soil, wherein the base fertilizer is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, uniformly stirring, applying to the lower half part of a hole, returning to surface soil, planting in a cloudy day after rain, and spraying a sterilizing disinfectant one day before planting;
(3) selection of materials for cutting orchard
Comprehensively selecting the growth character and the breeding value of the castanopsis hystrix, and selecting a plurality of excellent clones as a cutting orchard material;
(4) cultivation of cutting nursery material
Selecting 1.5 to 2-year-old seedlings which are strong and have no diseases or insect pests, cutting off trunks at a position 8-10 cm away from a base by taking castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedlings with the height of more than 50cm and the ground diameter of 0.8-2 cm as stocks, grafting in a bark grafting mode, wherein the scions are the scion nursery materials selected in the step (3), and meanwhile, tightly winding the joints by using a thin film; after grafting, water spraying is carried out according to weather conditions, water is not sprayed in the first 15 days generally, and the substrate is not dried; after 15-20 days, carrying out statistics on the grafting survival rate; the bud body is dark green, full and fresh, and the sprouting is the survival of the grafting; timely performing supplementary grafting when the survivors do not survive; cutting off the interface film after 15 days from the day of statistics of survival rate so as to be beneficial to better growth of buds, and regularly erasing rootstock sprouts; when the seedlings are 15-20 cm high, removing the nutrition bag outside the castanopsis hystrix stock, and keeping the nutrition soil balls in the nutrition bag complete and not loose, so that the root system is not damaged; then transplanting into a beauty planting bag, wherein the matrix in the beauty planting bag is yellow core soil and peat soil mixed soil, and obtaining clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bag;
(5) establishment of young cutting orchard
Performing top cutting and tip breaking treatment on the clone grafted seedlings of the American planting bag in the step (4), and cutting off lateral branches to leave 2-3 lateral branches close to the top end; obliquely placing the clone grafted seedlings of the American planting bag into the holes, wherein the included angle between the plants and the ground is 5-30 degrees; selecting a part 5-20 cm away from the plant base, bending branches, fixing, peeling one side close to the ground, and peeling to the position of a xylem, wherein the peeling width is 1/2-2/3 circles of the trunk of the grafted seedling plant, and the peeling length is 5-10 cm; smearing a rooting agent on the peeling position, and then covering the peeling position with nutrient soil;
(6) management of cutting nursery
Cutting off lateral branches of sprouts, beginning sprouting and rooting under the skin for 20 days 1 time per month, sprouting young scion strips on the ground, covering the base part with nutrient soil, and keeping the scion strips growing vertically; and (3) within 1-3 months after subcutaneous sprouting, applying urea liquid fertilizer for 2-3 times per month, applying P, K fertilizers while applying N fertilizers after 3 months, and spraying 1% equivalent Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim solution once per month to prevent diseases.
2. The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the rootstock in the step (4) is a castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedling with the ground diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm;
obliquely placing the clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bag into the holes so that the included angle between the plants and the ground is 15-30 degrees;
the part of the bent branch in the step (5) is 5-10 cm away from the base of the plant;
bending the trunk branch of the grafted seedling by 90 degrees in the step (5), wherein the top end of the trunk branch is lower than the bending part;
the width of the barking in the step (5) is 2/3 circles of the trunk of the grafted seedling plant.
3. The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the rootstock in the step (4) is a castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedling with the ground diameter of 1.0 cm;
obliquely placing the clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bag into the holes so that the included angle of the plants and the ground is 15 degrees;
and (5) the part of the bent branch is 10cm away from the plant base.
4. The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the cutting orchard in the step (1) is located in a place with good illumination condition, sufficient water source, good ventilation and drainage and deep, loose and fertile soil layer.
5. The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the spacing between the planting holes in the step (2) is 3m multiplied by 3 m;
installing drip irrigation systems between the planting holes in every 2 rows in the step (2);
the specification of the planting holes in the step (2) is 80cm multiplied by 60 cm.
6. The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the nutrient soil in the step (2) is yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 40%: 30 percent to 30 percent;
the using amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the step (2) is 0.4-0.6 kg/hole;
the nutrient soil, the base fertilizer and the surface soil in the step (2) are 90-96% by mass: 3%: 1-7% of the mixture ratio;
the sterilization disinfectant in the step (2) is a mixed solution of potassium permanganate and carbendazim.
7. The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the comprehensive evaluation of the growth traits and the breeding values in the step (3) comprises the steps of carrying out variance analysis and genetic parameter estimation on 7 growth and shape traits of breast diameter, tree height, crown width, straightness, branch angle, branch number and branch thickness, estimating the genetic values of different traits of each clone, and selecting according to the 30% selection rate.
8. The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the grafting time in the step (4) is 12 months to 2 months in the next year;
the substrate in the step (4) is not dried, and the humidity of the substrate is kept between 60 and 75 percent;
the specification of the beauty planting bag in the step (4) is 30cm multiplied by 35 cm;
and (4) mixing the peat soil and the yellow core soil in the mixed soil in the step (4) according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
9. The method for constructing the young red cone cutting orchard according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
performing topping treatment on the clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bags before obliquely placing the clone grafted seedlings of the beauty planting bags into the holes, and shearing off side branches to leave 2-3 side branches close to the tops;
the rooting agent in the step (5) is ABT rooting agent with the concentration of 1% (w/v) or 2.5% (w/v) IBA;
the nutrient soil in the step (5) is obtained by mixing yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1;
the nutrient soil in the step (6) is obtained by mixing yellow core soil, peat soil and pond sludge according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
10. Use of the method of constructing a young red cone cutting orchard according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in constructing a cutting orchard.
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