CN109315163B - Method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in China fir seed orchard - Google Patents
Method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in China fir seed orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN109315163B CN109315163B CN201810148502.7A CN201810148502A CN109315163B CN 109315163 B CN109315163 B CN 109315163B CN 201810148502 A CN201810148502 A CN 201810148502A CN 109315163 B CN109315163 B CN 109315163B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a China fir seed orchard, which comprises the steps of cultivation of China fir stock stocks, grafting, first topping, first side branch truncation, second topping, second side branch truncation, later shaping pruning and tending management. According to the method, the trunk branch and the first-level lateral branch are cut for multiple times by cutting the parent trees of the fir orchard for several years for multiple times, so that the tree vigor of the parent trees of the fir orchard is effectively controlled, the germination of the bearing branches is greatly promoted, the yield and the quality of the seeds of the fir orchard are remarkably improved, the rapid popularization of improved varieties of the firs is promoted, and the problems of high tree body, difficult seed collection, low seed yield and the like of the fir orchard are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of timber forest tree species, and particularly relates to a method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a China fir seed orchard.
Background
China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate (L amb.) Hook) belongs to China fir genus of China family, is one of the main timber tree species in China, has a long cultivation history in China, has high growth speed, light weight, no flexibility, no crack, straight and round dryness, rot resistance and moth resistance, and has higher economic value2And 7.26 hundred million m of fuel is accumulated3The method respectively accounts for 6.66 percent and 4.91 percent of the area and the accumulation of the main dominant tree species in China, plays a great role in the development of the forestry industry in China, and is widely distributed in more than ten provinces and cities in the south of China, such as Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong and the like.
The forests are based on the seeds and the seeds are based on the seeds. The application of excellent propagation materials to culture fine breed strong seedlings is one of the important ways of improving the yield and quality of forest trees and promoting the development of forestry industry. A plurality of research results show that the method for cultivating strong seedlings and foresting by adopting seeds in the seed garden can improve the wood yield, improve the wood quality, shorten the period of finished wood and reduce plant diseases and insect pests, and is an important means for realizing fast growth, high yield and high-quality wood of the trees. Therefore, a great deal of research is carried out on the construction technology and the high-yield technology of the seed gardens by a plurality of scholars, particularly great progress is made on the management of the fir seed gardens, and the third generation fir seed gardens are established in advance of other trees at present. However, as the age and the tree body of the parent tree in the cedar seed orchard increase, the seed orchard is very difficult to harvest, and the strobilus which is especially high-quality strobilus on the middle upper layer of the crown often cannot be harvested completely, so that the yield and the quality in the seed orchard are seriously influenced. How to dwarfing the parent trees in the fir seed orchard and further improving the yield of the seed orchard becomes the problem to be solved urgently in the seed orchard. At present, scholars in China develop related researches on dwarfing of tree bodies in a seed orchard and obtain certain results, but researches mainly aim at other tree species such as masson pine and the like, and researches on dwarfing and high yield of the seed orchard of the fir are rarely reported. The applicant researches a new method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a China fir seed orchard by taking young China fir forests as test materials, has low cost, strong operability and obvious effect, and lays a good foundation for high yield cultivation in the China fir seed orchard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for dwarfing, pruning and high-yield parent trees in a China fir seed orchard, aiming at solving the problems of tall trees, difficult seed collection and low seed yield in the China fir seed orchard.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a China fir seed orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing the fir seedling stock:
soaking the cunninghamia lanceolata seeds collected in the current year in clear water, fishing out and airing, uniformly spreading the seeds on a seedling bed, covering yellow core soil, covering a straw curtain for preserving water and moisture, lifting the straw curtain after two cotyledons come out of the soil, thinning the over-dense seedlings, applying fertilizer and replenishing water in time according to the growth condition of the seedlings, loosening the soil and weeding to obtain annual cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings; and (3) planting annual fir seedlings to cultivate the stocks in the grafting seed garden.
(2) Grafting:
selecting annual fir seedlings obtained in the step (1) for field planting, cultivating stocks, and grafting scions to the stocks by adopting a cutting grafting method when the base diameters of the stocks are 2.6-4.0 cm;
(3) first topping:
in the current year of grafting, when the scion of a grafted fir seedling survives and the nursery stock grows for 2-3 rounds, the height of the scion is 50-60 cm, the color of the bark is green and is not changed into brown, and the top cutting treatment is carried out on the central trunk of the grafted seedling in 5-10 months in the current year;
(4) first cut of contralateral branch:
cutting off the top of the central main branch of the fir grafted seedling, and simultaneously cutting off the primary branches growing around the central main branch;
(5) second-time truncation:
ejecting the terminal bud again and growing to 20-30cm, and then carrying out second topping treatment on the terminal bud;
(6) second truncation of contralateral branches:
cutting off the central main branch of the fir grafted seedling for the second time, and simultaneously cutting off the bearing branches growing around the central main branch;
(7) shaping and trimming at the later stage:
after the second topping, newly sprouting a new thick central main branch at the top of the next year of the Chinese fir, and pruning for 2-3 times in one year by adopting the same topping and side branch pruning methods;
(8) tending management:
in the process of cutting the trunk and the short cut of the parent trees in the fir seed garden, tending and fertilizing the parent trees.
In the step (1), the Chinese fir seeds are soaked in clear water at the temperature of 25-50 ℃ for 12-24 hours, and the thickness of the covered loess is 0.5-0.7 cm.
In the step (1), thinning the over-dense seedlings, performing water and fertilizer management, and culturing annual fir seedlings for stock fixing. The method comprises the steps of planting annual seedlings to cultivate stock of a grafted seed garden, preparing soil in large holes, applying sufficient base fertilizer to holes with the hole pit specification of 100cm x 80cm and the plant row spacing of 3m x 3m, applying 0.5-1.0 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the bottoms of the holes, returning surface soil to the holes for 30cm, then driving in 0.5-1.0 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the holes, and returning the surface soil to the holes.
In the step (2), during grafting, the distance between a cutting opening of the stock and the ground is 10-30 cm, the upper end of a scion oblique cutting plane is 1.0-1.5 mm higher than the cross section of the stock, 40d after grafting is loose, 1 time is needed to be bound again from bottom to top after unbinding, after the scion is 15-20 cm long, a bamboo pole is used for righting the grafted seedling to prevent crown deviation, and 75-85 d after grafting is unbound;
selecting 1-year-old Chinese fir seedlings with the ground diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm, the height of the seedlings of 45-60 cm and developed root systems as stocks, wherein the scions and the stocks are cut quickly and flatly during grafting, two cut surfaces are ensured to be clean, the grafting action is quick, the buds are removed, the pest control and forest land management are enhanced, and the miscellaneous irrigation is cut off.
In the step (3), the distance between the position of the first truncation and the highest branch point is 1.5-2 cm;
in the step (5), the second cutting is performed at a position 1-2 cm above the branching position of the wheel branches closest to the apical buds.
In the step (4), the first truncation is a light truncation or a medium truncation, the length of the first truncation is determined according to the position of the branch according to the principle that photosynthesis of surrounding fir is not influenced, and the cut is 1.5-2 cm close to the branch point of the secondary branch;
in the step (6), the length of the second short section is determined according to the position of the branch, and the cut is 1.5-2 cm close to the branch point of the second branch.
In the step (7), the tree height is controlled to be 1.8-2.5 m in 6 months, 8 months and 12 months of each year and 3 consecutive years.
In the step (8), the seed garden is shoveled and nursed for 2 times in the same year, the additional fertilizer is applied for two times, and 0.5-1.0 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for single plants with continuous fruiting and weak growth vigor; 0.25-0.3 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each common single plant.
In the step (8), when the parent trees in the fir seed orchard are cut, the bark of the fir is required to be green or slightly brown on the premise basis.
In the step (8), the compound fertilizer is organic fertilizer: and (3) potassium fertilizer: the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of 3:2:2 in mass ratio.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the height of the mother tree of the ten-year-old uncut and dwarfed fir seed orchard can reach 12-13 m, while the height of the mother tree of the dwarfed and pruned fir can be controlled to be about 1.8-2.5 m, so that the mother tree of the fir seed orchard is effectively dwarfed, the problems that the seed orchard is difficult to harvest and cones cannot be harvested completely are solved, and the method has very important practical significance for the operation and management of the seed orchard.
2. The average yield of the uncut and dwarfed China fir seed orchard is 3.0-4.0 Kg/mu, the phenomena of big and small years and unstable fruit setting easily occur, the average yield of the dwarfed China fir seed orchard can reach 20.0 Kg/mu, the yield is increased by 400.0-566.7% compared with the uncut and dwarfed China fir seed orchard, and continuous and stable yield can be achieved. According to the method, the parent trees of the fir orchard for several years are cut off for multiple times, and the main branches and the first-level side branches are cut off for multiple times, so that the tree vigor of the parent trees of the fir orchard is effectively controlled, the germination of the bearing branches is greatly promoted, the yield and the quality of the seeds of the fir orchard are remarkably improved, and the rapid popularization of improved varieties of the firs is promoted.
3. The application of the technology of the invention enables the cone picking work of the fir seed garden to become simple and easy, greatly reduces the seed picking cost of the fir seed garden, improves the seed recovery ratio of the fir seed garden, and simultaneously relieves the huge demand of fir afforestation on the improved variety of the fir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of low stem grafting;
FIG. 2 shows a second cut-out position of the central trunk of a fir tree;
FIG. 3 shows the color of the trunk of the fir is green;
FIG. 4 shows the color of the trunk of a fir tree is green and brown;
FIG. 5 shows the color of the trunk of the fir is tan;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the single-shoot fruiting of three-year-old dwarf fir;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the fruiting status of a single plant of three-year-old dwarf fir;
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a three-year old dwarf seed garden as a whole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
The invention provides a method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a China fir seed orchard, which comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing the fir seedling stock:
soaking Chinese fir seeds with excellent variety characteristics collected in the current year in clear water at 25-50 ℃ for 12-24 hours, fishing out the Chinese fir seeds, airing, uniformly spreading the Chinese fir seeds on a seedling growing seedbed, covering with yellow core soil with the thickness of 0.5-0.7 cm, covering with a straw curtain for water retention and moisture retention, lifting the straw curtain after two cotyledons come out, thinning the over-dense seedlings, applying fertilizer and replenishing water in time according to the growth condition of the seedlings, loosening the soil and weeding, promoting the growth of the seedlings and culturing the annual Chinese fir seedlings. The annual seedlings are planted in a China fir seed garden and used as grafted stocks for cultivation.
The Chinese fir seeds with excellent variety characteristics are full seeds, heavy thousand seeds and high germination rate.
When the rootstock is cultivated, big holes are adopted for soil preparation, hole pits are 100cm x 80cm, the row spacing of the plants is 3m x 3m, enough base fertilizer is applied, 0.5-1.0 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of each hole, 0.5-1.0 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is moved into each hole after surface soil returns to the hole for 30cm, and then the surface soil returns to the hole.
(2) Grafting:
selecting annual fir seedlings obtained in the step (1) for field planting, cultivating stocks, and grafting scions to the stocks by adopting a cutting grafting method when the base diameters of the stocks are 2.6-4.0 cm; the distance between the cutting opening of the stock and the ground is 10-30 cm, as shown in figure 1, the upper end of the oblique cutting plane of the scion is 1.0-1.5 mm higher than the cross section of the stock, the scion is loosely bound for 40d after grafting, the scion is bound again for 1 time from bottom to top after unbinding, the grafted seedling is subjected to righting treatment by a bamboo pole when the scion is 15-20 cm long, crown deviation is prevented, and the optimal unbinding time is 75-85 d after grafting;
the method is characterized in that 1-year-old fir seedlings with the ground diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm, the height of the seedlings of 45-60 cm and developed root systems are selected as stocks, the stocks are flat, neat, quick, clean and tight during grafting, namely, scions and the stocks are cut quickly and flatly but not too much, the depth of the xylem is preferably 1/3 which is slightly less than the diameter of scions, two sections are guaranteed to be clean, the grafting action is quick, the grafting survival rate is not affected by the diversion of cut water, the buds are removed by bud picking, the pest control and forest land management are enhanced, and miscellaneous irrigation is cut off.
(3) First topping:
and in the current year of grafting, when the scion of the grafted fir seedling survives and the nursery stock grows for 2-3 rounds, the height is 50-60 cm, the color of the bark is green and is not changed into brown, the central trunk of the grafted fir is cut within 5-10 months (the new fir branch is vigorous in germination) in the current year, and the cut position is 1.5-2 cm away from the highest branch point.
(4) First cut of contralateral branch:
the method is characterized in that a central main branch of a fir grafted seedling is truncated, meanwhile, a primary branch growing around the fir grafted seedling is truncated, specifically, the length of the truncation is determined according to the growing position of a branch on the principle that photosynthesis of surrounding fir is not affected, and the cut is 1.5-2 cm close to the branch point of a secondary branch.
(5) Second-time truncation:
the terminal bud emerges again and grows to 20-30cm, and the second topping treatment is carried out on the terminal bud, wherein the topping position is 1-2 cm above the branch fork position closest to the terminal bud, as shown in figure 2, the top end advantage of the trunk is mainly inhibited, the germination of the lateral branches is promoted, and more fruiting branches are formed;
(6) second truncation of contralateral branches:
and (3) cutting the central main branch of the fir grafted seedling for the second time, and simultaneously cutting the bearing branches growing around the central main branch, wherein the length of the cut is determined according to the growing position of the branches, and the cut is 1.5-2 cm close to the branch point of the secondary branch.
(7) Shaping and trimming at the later stage:
and after the second topping, newly sprouting a new thick central main branch at the top of the next year of the fir, and pruning for 2-3 times in one year by adopting the same topping and side branch pruning methods, wherein the tree height can be controlled at 1.8-2.5 m in 6 months, 8 months and 12 months of each year and continuously for 3 years.
(8) Tending management:
in the process of cutting the trunk and the short cut of the parent trees in the China fir seed orchard, a tending and fertilizing measure needs to be enhanced, the seed orchard is shoveled and nursed for 2 times in the same year, topdressing is carried out for two times, and 0.5-1.0 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for single plants with continuous fruits and weak growth vigor; applying 0.25-0.3 kg of compound fertilizer to each common single plant; the compound fertilizer is organic fertilizer: and (3) potassium fertilizer: the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture with the mass ratio of 3:2: 2;
wherein, when the parent tree of the fir seed garden is cut to be dry, the prerequisite foundation requires that the fir bark is green or slightly brown, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, and when the bark is turned brown, as shown in fig. 5, the pruning and dwarfing effect is not good.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Examples
A method for dwarfing, pruning and high-yield production of parent trees in a China fir seed orchard is a Lechang forest farm in Shaoguan city, Guangdong province and comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing the fir seedling stock:
soaking Chinese fir seeds with excellent variety characteristics collected in the current year in clear water at 25 ℃ for 24 hours, fishing out the Chinese fir seeds, airing, uniformly spreading the Chinese fir seeds on a seedling bed, covering with yellow core soil with the thickness of about 0.5cm, covering with grass curtains, preserving water and moisture, digging two cotyledons out of soil, lifting the grass curtains, loosening the soil, weeding, thinning over-dense seedlings, culturing annual seedlings, and planting the annual seedlings in a seed garden as stocks, namely, fixed stocks. The density of the nursery stock fixed stock is 3m x 3m, and the stock is fertilized, nursed in time and cultivated.
(2) Grafting:
selecting a stock with the diameter of about 3.0cm grafted at the base part, grafting the scion to the stock by adopting a cutting grafting method, paying attention to that the upper end of the oblique cutting plane of the scion is 1.0mm higher than the cross section of the stock during grafting, loosening the binding after 40d, binding again for 1 time from bottom to top after unbinding, completely unbinding after 80d, and righting the fir seedling by using a bamboo pole when the scion bud grows to 20 cm;
(3) first topping:
in the current year of grafting, when the scion of a grafted fir seedling survives and 3 rounds of branches grow out of the nursery stock, the bark of the fir seedling is not changed into brown, the central trunk of the grafted fir seedling is cut in the middle ten days of the current year (the new branch of the fir is vigorous in germination), and the cut position is about 1.5-2 cm away from the highest branch point.
(4) First cut of contralateral branch:
the method is characterized in that while the first topping is carried out on the central main branch of a fir grafted seedling, the bearing branches growing around the central main branch are cut to a certain extent, the length of the cut is determined according to the growing positions of the branches, the cutting positions are determined according to the growth conditions of trees, and more bearing branches are reserved as far as possible on the principle that photosynthesis of the branches of surrounding trees is not influenced and nutrition distribution of the branches is reasonable.
(5) Second-time truncation:
and (3) when the terminal bud emerges again and grows to 20-30cm, carrying out second topping treatment on the terminal bud, as shown in figure 3, wherein the position of the short cut is 1-2 cm above the branch fork closest to the terminal bud, as shown in figure 4, the top end advantage of the trunk is mainly inhibited, the germination of the lateral branches is promoted, and more fruiting branches are formed.
(6) Second truncation of contralateral branches:
and (3) cutting the central main branch of the fir grafted seedling for the second time, and simultaneously cutting the bearing branches growing around the central main branch, wherein the length of the cut is determined according to the growing position of the branches, and the cut is 1.5-2 cm close to the branch point of the secondary branch.
(7) Shaping and trimming at the later stage:
and after the second topping, newly sprouting a new thick central main branch at the top of the next year of the Chinese fir, and continuously trimming for 3 years by adopting the same topping and side branch trimming method, wherein the height of the tree body can be controlled to be 1.8-2.5 m.
(8) Tending management:
in the process of cutting the trunk and the short of the parent trees in the China fir seed orchard, attention needs to be paid to strengthening tending and fertilizing measures, the seed orchard is shoveled and nursed for 2 times in the same year, topdressing is carried out for two times, fertilizing amount is properly increased for single plants with continuous fruits and weak growth vigor, 0.75kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer is applied to common single plants each time.
FIGS. 5 to 6 show the results of the three-year-old dwarfing fir single-branch, the three-year-old dwarfing fir single-plant and the three-year-old dwarfing seed garden as a whole, respectively. The method effectively controls the tree vigor of the parent trees in the seed orchard, greatly promotes the germination of bearing branches, obviously improves the yield and quality of the seeds in the fir seed orchard, and promotes the rapid popularization of improved varieties of the fir.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a China fir seed orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing the fir seedling stock:
soaking the fine Chinese fir seeds collected in the current year in clear water, fishing out and airing, uniformly spreading the seeds on a seedling bed, covering with yellow core soil, covering with a straw curtain for water retention and moisture preservation, lifting the straw curtain when two cotyledons are unearthed, and thinning the over-dense seedlings when the seedlings grow to be 2-3cm high, applying fertilizer and replenishing water in time according to the growth condition of the seedlings, loosening the soil and weeding to obtain annual Chinese fir seedlings;
(2) grafting:
selecting annual fir seedlings obtained in the step (1) for field planting, cultivating stocks, and grafting scions to the stocks by adopting a cutting grafting method when the base diameters of the stocks are 2.6-4.0 cm;
(3) first topping:
in the current year of grafting, when the scion of a grafted fir seedling survives and the nursery stock grows for 2-3 rounds, the height of the scion is 50-60 cm, the color of the bark is green and is not changed into brown, and the top cutting treatment is carried out on the central trunk of the grafted seedling in 5-10 months in the current year;
(4) first cut of contralateral branch:
cutting off the top of the central main branch of the fir grafted seedling, and simultaneously cutting off the primary branches growing around the central main branch;
(5) second-time truncation:
ejecting the terminal bud again and growing to 20-30cm, and then carrying out second topping treatment on the terminal bud;
(6) second truncation of contralateral branches:
cutting off the central main branch of the fir grafted seedling for the second time, and simultaneously cutting off the bearing branches growing around the central main branch;
(7) shaping and trimming at the later stage:
after the second topping, newly sprouting a new thick central main branch at the top of the next year of the Chinese fir, and pruning for 2-3 times in one year by adopting the same topping and side branch pruning methods;
(8) tending management:
in the process of cutting the trunk and the short cut of the parent trees in the fir seed garden, tending and fertilizing the parent trees.
2. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1), the Chinese fir seeds are soaked in clear water at the temperature of 25-50 ℃ for 12-24 hours, and the thickness of the covered loess is 0.5-0.7 cm.
3. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1), thinning the over-dense seedlings, then performing water and fertilizer management, and culturing annual fir seedlings for stock fixing; and (3) preparing soil by using large holes for fixed anvils, wherein the hole pit specification is 100cm x 80cm, the plant row spacing is 3m x 3m, applying enough base fertilizer, applying 0.5-1.0 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per plant at the bottom of the hole, returning the surface soil to the hole for 30cm, then applying 0.5-1.0 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per plant, and returning the surface soil to the hole.
4. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (2), during grafting, the distance between a cutting opening of the stock and the ground is 10-30 cm, the upper end of a scion oblique cutting plane is 1.0-1.5 mm higher than the cross section of the stock, 40d after grafting is loose, binding is performed again for 1 time from bottom to top after unbinding, after the scion is 15-20 cm long, the grafted seedling is subjected to strengthening treatment by a bamboo pole, crown deviation and wind fracture are prevented, and 75-85 d after grafting is unbound;
selecting 1-year-old Chinese fir seedlings with the ground diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm, the height of the seedlings of 45-60 cm and developed root systems as stocks, wherein the scions and the stocks are cut quickly and flatly during grafting, two cut surfaces are ensured to be clean, the grafting action is quick, the buds are removed, the pest control and forest land management are enhanced, and the miscellaneous irrigation is cut off.
5. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (3), the distance between the position of the first truncation and the highest branch point is 1.5-2 cm;
in the step (5), the second cutting is performed at a position 1-2 cm above the branching position of the wheel branches closest to the apical buds.
6. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (4), the first truncation is a light truncation or a medium truncation, the length of the first truncation is determined according to the position of the branch according to the principle that photosynthesis of surrounding fir is not influenced, and the cut is 1.5-2 cm close to the branch point of the secondary branch;
in the step (6), the length of the second short section is determined according to the position of the branch, and the cut is 1.5-2 cm close to the branch point of the second branch.
7. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (7), the tree height is controlled to be 1.8-2.5 m in 5-6 months, 8 months and 12 months of each year and continuously for 3 years.
8. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (8), the seed garden is shoveled and nursed for 2 times in the same year, the additional fertilizer is applied for two times, and 0.5-1.0 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant for single plants with continuous fruiting and weak growth vigor; 0.25-0.3 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each common single plant.
9. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (8), when the parent trees in the fir seed orchard are cut, the bark of the fir is required to be green or slightly brown on the premise basis.
10. The method for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees in a fir orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (8), the compound fertilizer is a mixture of an organic fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 3:2: 2.
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| CN110959397A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-07 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Grafting method of taxus chinensis var mairei and construction method of hybrid seed garden of taxus chinensis var mairei |
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| CN110476637B (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2021-05-14 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Method for rapidly cultivating parent strain of Chinese fir seed |
| CN113597955A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-05 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Method for high-quality and high-yield of slash pine seed orchard |
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