CN105104049B - A kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling - Google Patents
A kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling, belong to technical field of plant propagation；The present invention using the density effect of money pine forest tree growth, seed leaf be scattered cooperative effect and mycorrhizal plants root growth and the suitable natural disposition of soil, seedlings regeneration Assembled distribution and seedling can the rational ecological effect of biological characteristics progress of shade tolerant growth combine, selected by dominant tree, intermediate cutting, foster, forest land seedbed is set up, addition fallen leaves and the step such as seedling management, is that golden larch seed is scattered and sproutings, growth of seedling creation suitable environment and can obtain a large amount of high quality seedlings.Compared with more conventional nursery, the present invention is not only economical, easy, easy to operate, pollution-free without traditional nursery process such as seed collecting, the storage of seeds, sowing, and output of seedling is big, growth of seedling fast, with stronger productive potentialities, can be applicable in production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling, and in particular to a kind of golden larch
（Pseudolarix Kaempferi）The naturalization breeding and seedling method of woods sylvan life seedling, belongs to technical field of plant propagation.
Background introduction
Golden larch system Pinaceae deciduous tree, China's special product is high up to 35m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 136cm, individual volume 21m3, golden larch
Trunk is logical straight, satisfactory, material is excellent, texture is straight, water-fast wet, and its tree root, trees can make " corter pseudolaricis ", with antipruritic, desinsection with
Antimycotic effect, is the peculiar Precious Timber Species of China；While the tree-like grace of the plant, branch is open and flat such as tower-like, at the beginning of spring leaf
Put such as " golden coin ", autumn leaves, in golden yellow, is excellent planting out and garden ornamental tree species, be famous world's garden cultivation five
One of big rare ornamental tree species.
Golden larch is frequently grown the weather that warm and moist is liked in below height above sea level 1200m mountain region and deep fertile, draining is good
Acidity and neutral soil.- 20 ° of low temperature in short-term is resistant to, it is more water-fast wet, intolerant to drought and barren, it is not suitable with salt-soda soil and ponding is low-lying
Ground.Deep-rootedness, wind loading rating is strong.Plantation Growth is fast compared with wildwood, be very suitable for as Yangtze River Delta Area hillside afforestation and
Garden seeds.In addition, the distinctive Mono-species genus of golden larch or China, its systematic growth in gymnosperm Pinaceae, Gu Sheng
Significant in terms of state and palaeoclimatic research, because its distribution is narrow and small, distribution is fragmentary, and elite stand is rare, adds artificial do
Disturb greatly, its living environment is seriously threatened, resource is increasingly reduced, in the condition urgently protected, be listed in China 2
Gradually danger protects plant to level.
Golden larch early growth is slow, and growth course boyhood is long, and fertility is weak.Enter normal solid after 25a lifes
Phase, biennial bearing substantially, solid interval 3-5a, other year's harvests are solid less or substantially shaky, cone then 10 ~ early November into
It is ripe, fruit scale and seed are played by the end of October while being scattered.Seed length 5 ~ 7 mm, wide 3 ~ 4 mm, seed dry granular weigh 46 g, and seed-producing rate 16 ~
18 %, seed has dormancy habit, and undressed Germination period is long, germinates irregular, Growth of Seedling is slow.Therefore, it is raw
Long slow and introduces a collection is difficult and the intact low link of seed Retention seriously limits the more new development of golden larch population.
The report bred at present to money loose seedling is less, existing golden larch breeding method, and (Zheng builds big to such as Zheng Jianwei
Golden larch seedling cultivation [J] modern horticulturals, 2011,9:41.) handled, broadcast by seed collection in Liyang City of Jiangsu Province
Kind, the link such as nursery and seedling replanting cultivate money loose seedling, although percentage of seedgermination can reach 80% or so, this method by
The relatively low influence of seed retention ratio is larger, while artificial seed collecting red soil nursery is bred, nursery process is various, and growth of seedling is slow,
It is general to need 2a just to go out garden afforestation, stay a time longer；(Zhang Jingyue, the small moral Shading treatments of king are to money by Zhang Jingyue and Wang little De
The northern gardening of influence [J] of loose seedling physiological property, 2012 (05):81-84.) using the raw golden larch seedlings of 2,3a as examination material, grind
Study carefully 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 95% 5 influence of the shade gradient to golden larch seedling physiological property, as a result show, with shade
The reinforcement of degree, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll (a+b) rise to maximum under the processing of shade 70%, in shade 95%
Processing is lower to decline obvious, money loose seedling well-grown under the conditions of shade 30%~50%, and the lower growth of the processing of shade 95% is pressed down
System, this method only individually have studied influence of the environment to Physiological Characteristics of sheltering from heat or light, not system report golden larch forest
Mating system.The seed that the single breeding method of these tradition does not account for good year solid dominant tree is largely collected and forest land area
Make full use of, often pursue and concentrate artificial culture in flakes, cause the seedling percent of production low, just differ, it is slow-growing,
Pest and disease damage is more, limits throughput and input cost is big.
Therefore, the biological characteristics of natural disposition and population is fitted according to the environment of plant, a kind of money loose seedling is developed certainly
The technical method that rightization is bred, to money loose seedling amount reproduction, promotes its protection of resources and reasonable development to have important meaning
Justice.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are that there is provided a kind of output of seedling is big, children for the present situation of existing forestry technology
Seedling grows, the naturalization mating system of easy to operate, economical and practical money loose seedling, solves existing golden larch seedling-wood breeding
Difficult technical method, including golden larch dominant tree（Advantage elite stand）Selection, intermediate cutting, the regulation and control density of crop, forest land cleaning, seedbed
Prepare, add the contents such as Litter-fall, seedling management.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling, is followed the steps below：
（1）Trunk is selected to lead to straight, satisfactory, narrow crown type, thin skin in artificial golden larch near-mature forest, healthy growth, growing way are prosperous
Contain, the individual plant golden larch of no disease and pests harm is as breeding dominant tree（Sow elite stand）.
（2）In step（1）What is filtered out breeds in dominant tree woods, by intermediate cutting disturb wood, the weak forest of growing way and it is withered it is vertical,
Wind-falls blowdown, removes sylvan life and fills bamboo clump and liana, and is loosened the soil, cuts grass and foster, close to breeding the progress of dominant tree standing forest
Degree regulation and control, are that suitable growing environment is created in golden larch woods Population Growth and procreation.
（3）Consider the Photosynthetic Characteristics and its environmental suitability and seedlings regeneration growth and environmental suitability of golden larch,
Directly select and set up seedbed under seed forest；Gutter is opened up in steep；Forest floor crushed stone is renovated comprehensively, by what is sorted out
Stone is used to build in forest land to cut（Retaining wall）Horizontal stripes are built, are prevented erosion；Simple trail is set up in sylvan life and operation is small
Road.
（4）According to step（3）In to improve the suitable environment of money loose seedling natural renovation, according to timbered soil nutrient shape
Condition, by seed forest or Litter-fall that other golden larch sylvan lifes nearby are collected, the wooden residuum uniform fold of thick matter are on seedbed, being gold
Money pine seed is scattered renewal, colonization with growing the suitable growing environment of creation.
（5）To step（4）Take including weeding, thinning and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in the seedbed of the golden larch scale of middle formation
Seedling management measure Deng including.
Wherein step（1）Described in the golden larch near-mature forest age be 40 ~ 60 a, while for pure forest；
The money pine forest forest land is located at middle hillside position, and physical features is shallower, the gradient≤16 °；Soil is deep, fertile, moist,
Draining is good；Mountain soil is red soil or red-yellow soil, pH value 4.5 ~ 5.0, the % of the surface layer content of organic matter >=4.1, full nitrogen >=
0.15 %, the % of full phosphorus >=0.13.
The density of crop of golden larch is 950 ~ 1050 plants/hm2, wherein dominant tree quantity accounting >=40%；Diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground annual is given birth to
>=0.5 cm of long amount, the m of the average annual increment of the height of tree >=0.35；
In the regulation and control of the money pine forest density of crop, Canopy densities control is 0.65 ~ 0.80 after intermediate cutting；Pine soil depth is 8 ~ 10
cm；Main root system to be taken to the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli in underground, indocalamus, kudzu, it is to avoid demutation is encroached on；
Wherein step（3）In the gutter that opens up of sylvan life seedbed, width is 50cm, and depth is 45cm；Simple trail and
The width in operation trail about 25-35 cm；
Wherein step（4）Described in seedbed covering Litter-fall and the wooden residuum of thick matter selected from neighbouring golden larch is young, middle age
The Litter leaf of golden larch, branch on woods forest land, and uniform fold is in seedbed, the cm of cladding thickness >=0.5；
Wherein step（5）Described in weeding management for seedling natural renovation be unearthed after, to be weeded out the rank grass in time on seedbed,
Its later stage allows a small amount of weeds with nursery stock with growth, but weeds height must be less than 6 cm；
Wherein step（5）Described in thinning management in, in late June the plot overstocked to emerging carry out thinning first,
Pull out and grow slim and frahile seedling, every square metre retains 60 plants；Artificial thinning is carried out again in early September in the same year, and every square metre is deposited
Stay 30 ~ 35 plants, it is ensured that the health of seedling growth and neat.
Wherein step（5）Described in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control management in, to the conscientious management of money loose seedling in seedling stage, hair
Existing pest and disease damage plant will pull out in time to be placed in outside woods.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1. simplifying the processes such as the seed collecting in traditional nursery, the storage of seeds, seed soaking, sowing, breeding method is easy, easily behaviour
Make, reduce recruitment, greatly reduce production cost；
2. setting up seedbed using the wide space of money pine forest sylvan life, its sprout and 1a life seedling output of seedling are huge, not only may be used
Indoor industrially is provided by substantial amounts of sprout and cultivates container seedling, but also the raw bare-root seedings of 1 ~ 2 a can be produced on seedbed；
3. the seedling cultivated grows preferably compared with traditional nursery, the height and ground diameter of its growth of seedling are close, root system
Growth is better than traditional nursery；
4. the seedling cultivated has strong adaptability, cold-resistant, drought resisting etc. due to natural renovation, growth compared with traditional nursery
Advantage；
5. in whole production process, do not spray insecticide to fertilize, with herbicide, do not use chemical means of agricultural production article to set frame,
Therefore woodland it is pollution-free, without residual hazard, without chemical means of agricultural production residue, effectively can protect and safeguard Forest productivity.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further details with reference to subordinate list and specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
Enforcement place is located at the winding forest zone in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Yinzhou District Tian Tong forest farms；Experimental period be in September, 2010 extremely
In April, 2012.
Winding forest zone area 85hm2, 380 ~ 520m of height above sea level, wherein there is money pine forest 18hm2.These money pine forests are generally 50
Age Mo and the end of the sixties manually build, and now all enter near-mature forest or mature forest, and standing forest composition is generally pure forest, and fraction is mixed friendship
Dominant tree in woods, the ecological recovery afforestation as winding forest zone.Its forest history before money pine forest for fallen leaves shrubbery and
Deserted mountain.
（1）Dominant tree is selected in golden larch near-mature forest
Select health when golden larch blooms in April, 2010, trunk is logical straight, satisfactory, thin skin, grow it is vigorous, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and
The height of tree is more than standing forest average value and the plant of no disease and pests harm is registered as dominant tree, and mark.
（2）The density of crop regulates and controls
In the weak forest of wooden, withered vertical, the wind-fall Schima superba growing way of in May, 2010 intermediate cutting golden larch interference, make Canopy densities control
System is 0.65 ~ 0.80, and per hectare is kept for 950 ~ 1050 plants；Remove sylvan life and fill layer, bamboo clump and interlayer liana；Progress, which is loosened the soil, cuts
Grass, the cm of depth 8 ~ 10；The filling bamboo of above-mentioned cleaning and weeds are dispersed in woods.To the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli in woods, indocalamus, kudzu
Full root is wanted to take with the root system of Caulis seu folium ampelopsis brevipedunculatae in Guangdong, it is to avoid demutation is encroached on, and dominant tree is discharged from crowded growing space,
Tree crown and tree root progressively occupy growing space previously occupied by interference wood, and increasing the leaf area of dominant tree, there is provided more
Illumination and subterranean resource so that dominant tree photosynthesis and viability are improved, promote its growth and solid latent
Power.Meanwhile, also provide suitable growing environment for golden larch population colonization.
（3）Seedbed preparation
Position of going up a hill in golden larch gentle slope area, opens up a wide 50cm, depth 45cm gutter, removes and is scattered in ditch
Branches and leaves, with sharp draining；Regulation forest land stone, big finger stone lump is built up the barnacle of irregular horizontal stripes, prevents water comprehensively
Soil is lost in, and effectively utilizes forest floor area；By the wooden residuum of the thick matter cleared up in woods and branch, leaf litters it is sawed-off, crush,
It is even to be positioned over forest land, it is scattered for seed and provides suitable environment with seedling natural renovation, colonization and growth.
（4）Addition fallen leaves
In mid-October, 2010, to the last ten-days period, collects Litter leaf, by its uniform fold in seedbed in nigh money pine forest
On, cm of thickness 0.5 or so.
（5）Seedling management
First：Weeding
Grasp " except it is early, except it is small, except " principle, carry out artificial uprooting weed in late April, 2011 and late August, will be clear
Except weeds be placed in woods in addition to, it is ensured that garden ground few grass or without grass.
Second：Water management
Using control capacity of forest moisture, so this method is not watered within the seedling growth phase, not drought resisting.
3rd：Nutrient management
Using forest floor nutrient and the rotten nutrient of addition fallen leaves, any fertilizer is not applied in seedling growth stage, along it
Naturally grow, the survival of the fittest is preferentially used.
4th：Thinning
In the plot progress thinning that in late June, 2011 is overstocked to emerging, pull out and grow slim and frahile seedling, every square metre is deposited
Stay 60 plants；And carry out artificial thinning again in early September in the same year, every square metre retains 30 ~ 35 plants, it is ensured that the health of seedling growth
With it is neat.
5th：Pest management
To find that pest and disease damage plant is pulled out in time to the golden larch in seedling stage to be placed in outside woods or burn.
Control point routine open country nursery, place is in town Qin Yong villages of Ningbo City Yinzhou District Wu, height above sea level 70m, nursery lot
It is rice terrace before, upper covering yellow soil, per hectare is applied the kg of calcium superphosphate 450, ploughed under in soil.Early March is by the money of dry Tibetan
Loose seed, with 40 DEG C of nights of water seed soaking one before broadcasting, is disseminated in seedbed, broadcasts rear mulching straw capping shade net, managing after sowing technology
It is identical with conventional seedbed system.Table 1 cultivates lower money loose seedling height of seedling, ground diameter, main root length, lateral root for the present invention with compareing breeding method
The growth indexes such as long, ratio of height to diameter and coca ratio.As can be seen from the table, the money loose seedling ground diameter cultivated of the present invention and
Main root length is substantially less than contrast method apparently higher than contrast method, seedling ratio of height to diameter and coca ratio.
The advantage of the invention is that making full use of the forest land resource of golden larch near-mature forest forest and large area, comforted by standing forest
Educate and handled with forest land, addition Litter leaf and seedling management provide suitable environment for growth of seedling；Using golden larch mycorrhizal plants,
The biological characteristics of seedlings regeneration distribution or accumulation and seedling shade tolerant, simplifies seed collecting, seed storage, the leaching of conventional seedling growth
The process of kind, sowing and seedling management, reduces production cost, greatly improves nursery effect；The golden larch seedling cultivated
Wooden height and conventional seedbed system are close, and Collar diameter growth is slightly better than conventional seedbed system, and management is convenient, produces seedling enormous amount, can be in production
Popularization and application.
1 two kinds of mating system golden larch growth of seedling index parameters of table
Note：Ratio of height to diameter is height of seedling and the ratio of ground diameter；Coca is than the ratio for height of seedling and nursery stock main root length.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Selective advantage wood：Trunk is selected to lead to straight, satisfactory, narrow crown type, thin skin in artificial golden larch near-mature forest, healthy growth,
Growing way is vigorous, no disease and pests harm golden larch individual plant is as breeding dominant tree；
（2）Standing forest regulates and controls：In step（1）What is filtered out breeds in dominant tree woods, by intermediate cutting disturb wood, the weak forest of growing way and
Withered vertical, wind-falls blowdown, removes sylvan life and fills bamboo clump and liana, and is loosened the soil, cuts grass and foster, to breeding dominant tree progress
The density of crop regulates and controls；
（3）Set up seedbed：Seedbed is set up under seed forest；Gutter is opened up in steep；Forest floor crushed stone is renovated comprehensively,
The stone sorted out is used to build to cut in forest land to build horizontal stripes, prevented erosion；Simple trail is set up in sylvan life and operation is small
Road；
（4）Cover litter：According to timbered soil nutrient situation, by seed forest or other golden larch sylvan lifes nearby are collected withers
The wooden residuum uniform fold of junk, thick matter is on seedbed；
（5）Seedling management：Seedling management measure including weeding, thinning and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step（1）Described in golden larch near-mature forest the density of crop be 950 ~ 1050 plants/hm2, wherein dominant tree quantity accounting >=40
%；The cm of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground mean annual precipitation >=0.5, the m of the average annual increment of the height of tree >=0.35；
Step（4）Described in seedbed covering Litter-fall and the wooden residuum of thick matter be selected from neighbouring golden larch young-and middle-aged stand forest land
Litter leaf, the branch of golden larch, and uniform fold is in seedbed, the cm of cladding thickness >=0.5.
2. a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）In
The described golden larch near-mature forest age is 40 ~ 60 a, while being pure forest.
3. a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）In
The golden larch near-mature forest forest land is located at middle hillside position, and physical features is shallower, the gradient≤16 °；Soil is deep, fertile, moist, draining
Well；Mountain soil is red soil or red-yellow soil, pH value 4.5 ~ 5.0, the % of the surface layer content of organic matter >=4.1, the % of full nitrogen >=0.15,
The % of full phosphorus >=0.13.
4. a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）In
In the money pine forest density of crop regulation and control, Canopy densities control is 0.65 ~ 0.80 after intermediate cutting；Pine soil depth is 8 ~ 10 cm；
Main root system is taken to the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli in underground, indocalamus, kudzu.
5. a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（3）In
The gutter width be 50 cm, depth be 45 cm；The width 25-35 cm in simple trail and operation trail.
6. a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（5）In
After described weeding management is unearthed for seedling natural renovation, weeded out the rank grass in time on seedbed, its later stage allows a small amount of weeds and seedling
Wood is with growth, but weeds height must be less than 6 cm.
7. a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（5）In
In described thinning management, in the plot progress thinning first that late June is overstocked to emerging, pull out and grow slim and frahile seedling, often
Square metre retain 60 plants；Carry out artificial thinning again in early September in the same year, every square metre retains 30 ~ 35 plants, it is ensured that seedling growth
Health and neat.
8. a kind of naturalization mating system of money loose seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（5）In
In described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control management, it is found that pest and disease damage plant will pull out in time and be placed in outside woods.
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| CN106171390A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波海逸园林工程有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of quercus chenii kind material dual-purpose forest |
| CN108419588A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-08-21 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | A kind of breeding method of large diameter erythrophloeum ferdii |
| CN109168852A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-11 | 舒城县中兴园艺场 | A kind of mating system of golden larch |
| CN110122253A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-16 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | A method of promoting the western Abies recurvata scondary forest natural regeneration in river |
| CN111955253B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-05-27 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | Liriodendron forest seedling cultivation method |
| CN113661874B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-03 | 华东师范大学 | Method for improving quality of pole material of artificial young Phoebe bournei forest by three-step method |
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