CN112136630A - High-yield planting method for red-core sweet potatoes - Google Patents
High-yield planting method for red-core sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield planting method of red-core sweet potatoes. By adopting the planting method, the growing environment of the sweet potatoes can be improved by manufacturing the planting bed, the vines soaked by the nutrient solution are inserted into the planting bed, the leaf bud nodes and roots of the vines enter the planting bed, and the tops of the leaf bud nodes are exposed on the planting bed, the film covering and temperature control cultivation is firstly carried out, and then the vines grow in the natural environment, so that the roots of the potato seedlings are easy to prick, the survival rate of the potato seedlings is improved, the growth of the potato seedlings can be accelerated, the potato bearing rate of the potato seedlings is increased, the potato seedlings can be ensured to fully absorb nutrients from the planting bed, and the quality and the yield of the sweet potatoes are greatly improved. The planted sweet potatoes have the advantages of good appearance, safety, no public nuisance, less plant diseases and insect pests and the like, the yield of the sweet potatoes is higher than that of the conventional planting method, and the sweet potatoes are suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield planting method of red-core sweet potatoes.
Background
The sweet potato is also called sweet potato, Zhu potato, sweet potato, etc., and people in different areas have different names. The sweet potato is root tuber of annual plant of Convolvulaceae, and has various shapes such as spindle, cylinder, ellipse, sphere, etc.; the skin color is different from white, light yellow, red, yellow and purple red. Besides being eaten, the instant rice can also be used for preparing sugar, wine and alcohol. The sweet potato has very low calorie and is much lower than common rice, so people do not need to worry about getting fat when eating the sweet potato, and the weight-losing effect can be realized when eating the sweet potato instead. The sweet potato also contains a substance similar to estrogen, and has certain effects of protecting human skin and delaying aging. The sweet potato has high nutritive value, so that the sweet potato can provide a large amount of heat for human bodies, and can also provide a plurality of trace elements such as protein, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like for the human bodies.
Potatoes represented by sweet potatoes in China are also recommended by the Chinese nutrition society as one of foods recommended by resident dietary pagodas, and provide necessary cellulose, trace elements and carbohydrates for the nutritional dietary structure of residents. The sweet potato is rich in protein, starch, pectin, cellulose, amino acid, vitamins and various mineral substances, has the reputation of long-life food, is a health food with homology of medicine and food, and has high nutritional value. The sweet potato has high cellulose content, can maintain the elasticity of blood vessels by cooperating with some polysaccharides and trace substances in the sweet potato, and is very effective in preventing senile habitual constipation. Meanwhile, sweet potatoes contain rich beta-carotene, vitamin C and folic acid, and the substances have good antioxidant effect and can effectively prevent cancers, so the sweet potatoes are also a food with anticancer and cancer-preventing effects. With the deep research on the health care efficacy of sweet potatoes by scientists, people have higher and higher liking degree of the sweet potatoes and the planting range of the sweet potatoes is wider and wider.
The red-core sweet potato is a high-quality fresh sweet potato, is rich in nutrition, is a green food suitable for people of all ages, but is generally low in yield and cannot meet market requirements. Therefore, in order to improve the yield and quality, increase the income of growers and meet the market demand, the existing planting method needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a planting method which is simple to operate and can effectively improve the yield and quality of sweet potatoes, and the planted red-core sweet potatoes can meet the market demand, in particular to a high-yield planting method of the red-core sweet potatoes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-yield planting method for red-core sweet potatoes mainly comprises the steps of land selection, ridge making, potato seedling selection, potato seedling transplantation, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a flat land with sufficient sunlight, fertile soil, good drainage and loose soil as a planting land, carrying out deep ploughing treatment in autumn and winter, and naturally weathering during overwintering;
(2) making a ridge: the method comprises the steps of clearing up and leveling a naturally weathered planting field, adding 1500-2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 25-35 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 15-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-15 kg of urea into each mu of the soil as base fertilizers, turning the soil to mix the base fertilizers with the soil, scattering a layer of earthworm cast with the thickness of 1-3 cm on the surface of the soil, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 cm, finally ploughing a plurality of planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the height of 35-45 cm on the soil, and using the planting furrows with the width of 15-20 cm between two adjacent planting furrows as sidewalks to obtain the planting furrows;
(3) potato seedling selection: selecting strong and disease and pest-free potato vine seedlings as planting seedlings, cutting vines with 2-3 leaf bud nodes in length, cutting the vines at a position 0.5-1 cm away from the leaf bud nodes, directly washing the vines for 3-5 minutes by using tap water, then placing the vines into a nutrient solution, soaking the vines for 10-15 minutes, and taking the vines out for later use;
(4) potato seedling transplanting: selecting soaked vines, and cutting the vines into the planting ridges along the length direction of the planting ridges, wherein two rows of vines are cut on one planting ridge, the cutting depth is that leaf bud node roots of the vines enter the planting ridges, and leaf bud node tops are exposed on the planting ridges, so that the vines are prevented from bouncing, and 2800-3200 plants of potato seedlings are planted in each mu of land; finally, mulching a mulching film, controlling the temperature in the mulching film to be 28-32 ℃, and culturing the potato seedlings before planting;
(5) field management: shading the potato seedlings properly in the early stage of transplantation, keeping the humidity at 75-85%, then gradually reducing the humidity to 65-75%, and removing the mulching film after 20-25 days of film mulching culture to enable the potato seedlings to grow in the natural environment; in the natural growth process of the potato seedlings, the potato seedlings need to be sterilized once every 10-15 days, and the sterilization is performed for 2-3 times in total; after 30-40 days of mulching film removal, intertillage weeding is needed once every 25-30 days, watering and topdressing are needed in time along with the intertillage weeding, when potato vine seedlings grow to 50-60 cm, vine cutting treatment is needed, and vine cutting treatment is needed once every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times of vine cutting treatment are counted; meanwhile, pest control needs to be well done in the field management process, and proper amount of watering is needed in drought seasons;
(6) harvesting: harvesting from late 10 to early 11 months.
Further, in the high-yield planting method of the red-core sweet potatoes, 1800-2200 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 25-30 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 20-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-12 kg of urea are added into each mu of soil as base fertilizers in the process of making the planting bed in the step (2), wherein the decomposed farmyard manure is fermented cow dung; ploughing the land, mixing the base fertilizer with the soil, scattering a layer of wormcast with the thickness of 1-2 cm on the surface of the soil, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 1-1.2 cm, ploughing a plurality of planting beds with the width of 70 cm and the height of 40 cm on the land, and using the planting beds as sidewalks to obtain the planting beds.
Further, in the high-yield planting method of the red-core sweet potatoes, in the potato seedling selection process in the step (3), the nutrient solution is formed by mixing plant nutrient solution and plant growth regulators, raw materials of the plant nutrient solution comprise tea tree branches and leaves, chinaberry bark, bamboo shoot shell, radix euphorbiae lantu, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and ferrous sulfate, the preparation method comprises the steps of respectively crushing 5-10 kg of the tea tree branches and leaves, 5-10 kg of the chinaberry bark, 2-5 kg of the bamboo shoot shell and 1-3 kg of the radix euphorbiae lantu into fine powder, adding water which is 2-4 times of the weight of the mixture after mixing, heating and boiling for 90-120 minutes, filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain medicine juice; then adding 15-25 g of potassium sulfate, 8-12 g of potassium nitrate and 5-10 g of ferrous sulfate, heating to 50-70 ℃ in the stirring process, uniformly stirring for 10-15 minutes, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain a plant nutrient solution; the plant growth regulator consists of an MS basic culture medium added with NAA with the mass concentration of 0.05-0.1 mg/L, BAP with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L and IBA with the mass concentration of 0.05-0.1 mg/L and ABT rooting powder, wherein the pH value of the MS culture medium is 6.0-6.5, the dosage of the MS basic culture medium is 5-8 liters, and the dosage of the ABT rooting powder is 3-6 grams; the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of adding the MS basic culture medium and the ABT rooting powder into the plant nutrient solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution.
Further, the high-yield planting method of the red-core sweet potatoes, disclosed by the invention, is characterized in that in the field management process in the step (5), the sterilization is carried out by spraying a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 10%; the topdressing adopts a compound fertilizer formed by mixing plant ash, a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, and 800-1000 kg of plant ash, 30-35 kg of the ternary compound fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea and 500-800 kg of the organic fertilizer are applied per mu; in the vine cutting process, the vine needs to be lifted at the same time to prevent the fine roots from growing on the vine and influencing the yield.
Compared with the prior art, the high-yield planting method for the red-core sweet potatoes has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of preparing a planting bed, improving the growing environment of sweet potatoes, cutting vines soaked in nutrient solution into the planting bed, enabling leaf bud nodes and roots of the vines to enter the planting bed, exposing the tops of the leaf bud nodes on the planting bed, firstly, controlling temperature through film covering, cultivating, and then, growing in a natural environment. The sweet potatoes planted by the method have the advantages of good appearance, safety, no public nuisance, less plant diseases and insect pests and the like, the yield of the sweet potatoes is higher than that of the conventional planting method, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to more fully explain the practice of the invention, the invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the scope of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a high-yield planting method for red-core sweet potatoes mainly comprises the steps of land selection, ridge making, potato seedling selection, potato seedling transplantation, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a flat land with sufficient sunlight, fertile soil, good drainage and loose soil as a planting land, carrying out deep ploughing treatment in autumn and winter, and naturally weathering during overwintering;
(2) making a ridge: the method comprises the steps of clearing up and leveling a naturally weathered planting field, adding 1500-1800 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 30-35 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 15-20 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 13-15 kg of urea into each mu of the land as base fertilizers, turning the land to mix the base fertilizers with the soil, scattering a layer of earthworm cast with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the surface of the soil, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm, finally ploughing a plurality of planting furrows with the width of 60 cm and the height of 35 cm on the land, using the furrows between two adjacent planting furrows as sidewalks to obtain the planting furrows;
(3) potato seedling selection: selecting strong and disease and pest-free potato vine seedlings as planting seedlings, cutting vines with 2-3 leaf bud nodes in length, cutting the vines at a position 0.5-1 cm away from the leaf bud nodes, directly washing the vines for 3-5 minutes by using tap water, then placing the vines into a nutrient solution, soaking the vines for 10-15 minutes, and taking the vines out for later use; the nutrient solution is formed by mixing a plant nutrient solution and a plant growth regulator, wherein the plant nutrient solution comprises raw materials of tea tree branches and leaves, chinaberry bark, bamboo shoot shell, radix euphorbiae lantu, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and ferrous sulfate, and is prepared by respectively crushing 5 kg of tea tree branches and leaves, 5 kg of chinaberry bark, 2 kg of bamboo shoot shell and 1 kg of radix euphorbiae lantu into fine powder, mixing, adding water with the weight 2 times of that of the mixture, heating and decocting for 90-120 minutes, filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain medicinal juice; then adding 15 g of potassium sulfate, 8 g of potassium nitrate and 5 g of ferrous sulfate, heating to 50-70 ℃ in the stirring process, uniformly stirring for 10-15 minutes, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain a plant nutrient solution; the plant growth regulator consists of an MS basic culture medium added with NAA with the mass concentration of 0.05mg/L, BAP with the mass concentration of 0.5mg/L and IBA with the mass concentration of 0.05mg/L and ABT rooting powder, wherein the pH value of the MS culture medium is 6.0-6.5, the dosage of the MS basic culture medium is 5 liters, and the dosage of the ABT rooting powder is 3 grams; the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of adding the MS basic culture medium and the ABT rooting powder into the plant nutrient solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution;
(4) potato seedling transplanting: selecting soaked vines, and cutting the vines into the planting ridges along the length direction of the planting ridges, wherein two rows of vines are cut on one planting ridge, the cutting depth is that leaf bud node roots of the vines enter the planting ridges, and leaf bud node tops are exposed on the planting ridges, so that the vines are prevented from bouncing, and 2800-3200 plants of potato seedlings are planted in each mu of land; finally, mulching a mulching film, controlling the temperature in the mulching film to be 28-32 ℃, and culturing the potato seedlings before planting;
(5) field management: shading the potato seedlings properly in the early stage of transplantation, keeping the humidity at 75-80%, then gradually reducing the humidity to 65-70%, and removing the mulching film after 20 days of film mulching culture to enable the potato seedlings to grow in the natural environment; in the natural growth process of the potato seedlings, the potato seedlings need to be sterilized once every 10 days, and the sterilization is performed for 3 times in total; after 30 days of mulching film removal, intertillage weeding is needed once every 25 days, watering and topdressing are needed in time along with the intertillage weeding, when potato vine seedlings grow to 50-60 cm, vine cutting treatment is needed, and the vine cutting treatment is carried out once every 7 days, wherein the vine cutting treatment is carried out for 3 times in total; meanwhile, pest control needs to be well done in the field management process, and proper amount of watering is needed in drought seasons; wherein the sterilization is carried out by spraying sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 10%; the topdressing adopts a compound fertilizer formed by mixing plant ash, a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, and 800 kg of plant ash, 30 kg of the ternary compound fertilizer, 10 kg of urea and 500 kg of the organic fertilizer are applied per mu; in the vine cutting process, the vine needs to be lifted at the same time to prevent the fine roots from growing on the vine and influencing the yield;
(6) harvesting: harvesting from late 10 to early 11 months.
Example two:
a high-yield planting method for red-core sweet potatoes mainly comprises the steps of land selection, ridge making, potato seedling selection, potato seedling transplantation, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a flat land with sufficient sunlight, fertile soil, good drainage and loose soil as a planting land, carrying out deep ploughing treatment in autumn and winter, and naturally weathering during overwintering;
(2) making a ridge: the method comprises the steps of clearing up and leveling a naturally weathered planting field, adding 1800-2200 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 25-30 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 20-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-12 kg of urea into each mu of the land as base fertilizers, turning the land to mix the base fertilizers with the soil, scattering a layer of earthworm cast with the thickness of 1-2 cm on the surface of the soil, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 1-1.2 cm, finally ploughing a plurality of planting furrows with the width of 70 cm and the height of 40 cm on the land, using the furrows between every two adjacent planting furrows as sidewalks to obtain the planting furrows;
(3) potato seedling selection: selecting strong and disease and pest-free potato vine seedlings as planting seedlings, cutting vines with 2-3 leaf bud nodes in length, cutting the vines at a position 0.5-1 cm away from the leaf bud nodes, directly washing the vines for 3-5 minutes by using tap water, then placing the vines into a nutrient solution, soaking the vines for 10-15 minutes, and taking the vines out for later use; the nutrient solution is formed by mixing a plant nutrient solution and a plant growth regulator, wherein the plant nutrient solution comprises raw materials of tea tree branches and leaves, chinaberry bark, bamboo shoot shell, radix euphorbiae lantu, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and ferrous sulfate, and is prepared by respectively crushing 8 kg of tea tree branches and leaves, 8 kg of chinaberry bark, 4 kg of bamboo shoot shell and 2 kg of radix euphorbiae lantu into fine powder, mixing, adding water with the weight being 3 times of that of the mixture, heating and decocting for 90-120 minutes, filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain medicinal juice; then adding 20 g of potassium sulfate, 10 g of potassium nitrate and 8 g of ferrous sulfate, heating to 50-70 ℃ in the stirring process, uniformly stirring for 10-15 minutes, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain a plant nutrient solution; the plant growth regulator consists of an MS basic culture medium added with NAA with the mass concentration of 0.08 mg/L, BAP with the mass concentration of 0.8mg/L and IBA with the mass concentration of 0.08 mg/L and ABT rooting powder, wherein the pH value of the MS culture medium is 6.0-6.5, the dosage of the MS basic culture medium is 6 liters, and the dosage of the ABT rooting powder is 5 grams; the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of adding the MS basic culture medium and the ABT rooting powder into the plant nutrient solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution;
(4) potato seedling transplanting: selecting soaked vines, and cutting the vines into the planting ridges along the length direction of the planting ridges, wherein two rows of vines are cut on one planting ridge, the cutting depth is that leaf bud node roots of the vines enter the planting ridges, and leaf bud node tops are exposed on the planting ridges, so that the vines are prevented from bouncing, and 2800-3200 plants of potato seedlings are planted in each mu of land; finally, mulching a mulching film, controlling the temperature in the mulching film to be 28-32 ℃, and culturing the potato seedlings before planting;
(5) field management: shading the potato seedlings properly in the early stage of transplantation, keeping the humidity at 75-85%, then gradually reducing the humidity to 65-75%, and removing the mulching film after 23 days of film mulching culture to enable the potato seedlings to grow in the natural environment; in the natural growth process of the potato seedlings, the potato seedlings need to be sterilized once every 12 days, and the sterilization is performed for 3 times in total; after 35 days of removing the mulching film, intertillage weeding is needed once every 28 days, watering and topdressing are needed in time along with the intertillage weeding, when the potato vine seedlings grow to 50-60 cm, vine cutting treatment is needed, and vine cutting treatment is needed once every 8 days, and the vine cutting treatment is 28 in total; meanwhile, pest control needs to be well done in the field management process, and proper amount of watering is needed in drought seasons; wherein the sterilization is carried out by spraying sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 10%; the topdressing adopts a compound fertilizer formed by mixing plant ash, a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, and 900 kg of plant ash, 32 kg of the ternary compound fertilizer, 12 kg of urea and 600 kg of the organic fertilizer are applied per mu; in the vine cutting process, the vine needs to be lifted at the same time to prevent the fine roots from growing on the vine and influencing the yield;
(6) harvesting: harvesting from late 10 to early 11 months.
Example three:
a high-yield planting method for red-core sweet potatoes mainly comprises the steps of land selection, ridge making, potato seedling selection, potato seedling transplantation, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a flat land with sufficient sunlight, fertile soil, good drainage and loose soil as a planting land, carrying out deep ploughing treatment in autumn and winter, and naturally weathering during overwintering;
(2) making a ridge: the method comprises the steps of clearing up and leveling a naturally weathered planting field, adding 2200-2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 30-35 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 15-20 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 12-15 kg of urea into each mu of the soil as base fertilizers, turning the soil to mix the base fertilizers with the soil, scattering a layer of wormcast with the thickness of 1.5-2.5 cm on the surface of the soil, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 1.2-1.5 cm, finally ploughing a plurality of planting furrows with the width of 80 cm and the height of 45 cm on the soil, and using the planting furrows between two adjacent planting furrows as sidewalks to obtain the planting furrows;
(3) potato seedling selection: selecting strong and disease and pest-free potato vine seedlings as planting seedlings, cutting vines with 2-3 leaf bud nodes in length, cutting the vines at a position 0.5-1 cm away from the leaf bud nodes, directly washing the vines for 3-5 minutes by using tap water, then placing the vines into a nutrient solution, soaking the vines for 10-15 minutes, and taking the vines out for later use; the nutrient solution is formed by mixing a plant nutrient solution and a plant growth regulator, wherein the plant nutrient solution comprises the raw materials of tea tree branches and leaves, chinaberry bark, bamboo shoot shell, radix euphorbiae lantu, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and ferrous sulfate, and is prepared by respectively crushing 10 kg of tea tree branches and leaves, 10 kg of chinaberry bark, 5 kg of bamboo shoot shell and 3 kg of radix euphorbiae lantu into fine powder, mixing, adding water with the weight being 4 times of that of the mixture, heating and decocting for 90-120 minutes, filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain medicinal juice; then adding 25 g of potassium sulfate, 12 g of potassium nitrate and 10 g of ferrous sulfate, heating to 50-70 ℃ in the stirring process, uniformly stirring for 10-15 minutes, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain a plant nutrient solution; the plant growth regulator consists of an MS basic culture medium added with NAA with the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/L, BAP with the mass concentration of 1.0 mg/L and IBA with the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/L and ABT rooting powder, wherein the pH value of the MS culture medium is 6.0-6.5, the using amount of the MS basic culture medium is 8 liters, and the using amount of the ABT rooting powder is 6 grams; the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of adding the MS basic culture medium and the ABT rooting powder into the plant nutrient solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution;
(4) potato seedling transplanting: selecting soaked vines, and cutting the vines into the planting ridges along the length direction of the planting ridges, wherein two rows of vines are cut on one planting ridge, the cutting depth is that leaf bud node roots of the vines enter the planting ridges, and leaf bud node tops are exposed on the planting ridges, so that the vines are prevented from bouncing, and 2800-3200 plants of potato seedlings are planted in each mu of land; finally, mulching a mulching film, controlling the temperature in the mulching film to be 28-32 ℃, and culturing the potato seedlings before planting;
(5) field management: shading the potato seedlings properly in the early stage of transplantation, keeping the humidity at 75-85%, then gradually reducing the humidity to 65-75%, and removing the mulching film after 25 days of film mulching culture to enable the potato seedlings to grow in the natural environment; in the natural growth process of the potato seedlings, the potato seedlings need to be sterilized every 15 days for 2 times in total; after the mulching film is removed for 40 days, intertillage weeding is carried out once every 30 days, watering and topdressing are carried out in time according to the intertillage weeding requirements, when the potato vine seedlings grow to 50-60 cm, vine cutting treatment is carried out, and the vine cutting treatment is carried out once every 10 days, and 2 times of vine cutting treatment are counted; meanwhile, pest control needs to be well done in the field management process, and proper amount of watering is needed in drought seasons; wherein the sterilization is carried out by spraying sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 10%; the topdressing adopts a compound fertilizer formed by mixing plant ash, a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, and 1000 kg of plant ash, 35 kg of the ternary compound fertilizer, 15 kg of urea and 800 kg of the organic fertilizer are applied per mu; in the vine cutting process, the vine needs to be lifted at the same time to prevent the fine roots from growing on the vine and influencing the yield;
(6) harvesting: harvesting from late 10 to early 11 months.
In order to illustrate the planting effect of the planting method, a planting test is carried out in a planting base of a Tongxiang local company, Buyi autonomous county of purple cloud seedling family, Anshun, Guizhou, wherein an experimental group 1 to an experimental group 3 are operated according to embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention, a comparison group is operated according to the conventional planting method, statistics is carried out according to the survival rate, the harvest yield and the shape and the size of sweet potatoes planted per mu, and the results are shown in the following table:
| survival rate | Yield of the product | Sweet potato shape | |
| Experimental group 1 | 95% | 2910 kg | The potato has large blocks and uniform shape |
| Experimental group 2 | 97% | 3014 kg | The potato has large blocks and uniform shape |
| Experimental group 3 | 96% | 2975 kg | The potato has large blocks and uniform shape |
| Control group | 73% | 2350 kg | Small potato blocks and uneven shapes of parts |
As can be seen from the above table, the survival rate and the yield of the sweet potatoes planted by the method are higher than those of the existing planting method, and the red-core sweet potatoes planted by the method are large in sweet potato blocks and uniform in shape during harvesting, and are very popular with people in the market.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all the insubstantial modifications made by the method, or the technical solutions of the present invention, or the direct application of the method, the technical solutions of the present invention to other fields without any modifications, are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high-yield planting method of red-core sweet potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method mainly comprises the steps of land selection, ridge making, potato seedling selection, potato seedling transplantation, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a flat land with sufficient sunlight, fertile soil, good drainage and loose soil as a planting land, carrying out deep ploughing treatment in autumn and winter, and naturally weathering during overwintering;
(2) making a ridge: the method comprises the steps of clearing up and leveling a naturally weathered planting field, adding 1500-2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 25-35 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 15-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-15 kg of urea into each mu of the soil as base fertilizers, turning the soil to mix the base fertilizers with the soil, scattering a layer of earthworm cast with the thickness of 1-3 cm on the surface of the soil, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 cm, finally ploughing a plurality of planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the height of 35-45 cm on the soil, and using the planting furrows with the width of 15-20 cm between two adjacent planting furrows as sidewalks to obtain the planting furrows;
(3) potato seedling selection: selecting strong and disease and pest-free potato vine seedlings as planting seedlings, cutting vines with 2-3 leaf bud nodes in length, cutting the vines at a position 0.5-1 cm away from the leaf bud nodes, directly washing the vines for 3-5 minutes by using tap water, then placing the vines into a nutrient solution, soaking the vines for 10-15 minutes, and taking the vines out for later use;
(4) potato seedling transplanting: selecting soaked vines, and cutting the vines into the planting ridges along the length direction of the planting ridges, wherein two rows of vines are cut on one planting ridge, the cutting depth is that leaf bud node roots of the vines enter the planting ridges, and leaf bud node tops are exposed on the planting ridges, so that the vines are prevented from bouncing, and 2800-3200 plants of potato seedlings are planted in each mu of land; finally, mulching a mulching film, controlling the temperature in the mulching film to be 28-32 ℃, and culturing the potato seedlings before planting;
(5) field management: shading the potato seedlings properly in the early stage of transplantation, keeping the humidity at 75-85%, then gradually reducing the humidity to 65-75%, and removing the mulching film after 20-25 days of film mulching culture to enable the potato seedlings to grow in the natural environment; in the natural growth process of the potato seedlings, the potato seedlings need to be sterilized once every 10-15 days, and the sterilization is performed for 2-3 times in total; after 30-40 days of mulching film removal, intertillage weeding is needed once every 25-30 days, watering and topdressing are needed in time along with the intertillage weeding, when potato vine seedlings grow to 50-60 cm, vine cutting treatment is needed, and vine cutting treatment is needed once every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times of vine cutting treatment are counted; meanwhile, pest control needs to be well done in the field management process, and proper amount of watering is needed in drought seasons;
(6) harvesting: harvesting from late 10 to early 11 months.
2. The high-yield planting method for the red-core sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the process of making the planting bed in the step (2), 1800-2200 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 25-30 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 20-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-12 kg of urea are added into each mu of soil as base fertilizers, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure is fermented cow dung; ploughing the land, mixing the base fertilizer with the soil, scattering a layer of wormcast with the thickness of 1-2 cm on the surface of the soil, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 1-1.2 cm, ploughing a plurality of planting beds with the width of 70 cm and the height of 40 cm on the land, and using the planting beds as sidewalks to obtain the planting beds.
3. The high-yield planting method for the red-core sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the potato seedling selection process in the step (3), the nutrient solution is formed by mixing a plant nutrient solution and a plant growth regulator, wherein the plant nutrient solution comprises tea tree branches and leaves, chinaberry bark, bamboo shoot shell, radix euphorbiae lantu, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and ferrous sulfate as raw materials, and is prepared by respectively crushing 5-10 kg of the tea tree branches and leaves, 5-10 kg of the chinaberry bark, 2-5 kg of the bamboo shoot shell and 1-3 kg of the radix euphorbiae lantu into fine powder, adding water with the weight 2-4 times of that of the mixture after mixing, heating and boiling for 90-120 minutes, filtering and collecting filtrate to obtain medicinal juice; then adding 15-25 g of potassium sulfate, 8-12 g of potassium nitrate and 5-10 g of ferrous sulfate, heating to 50-70 ℃ in the stirring process, uniformly stirring for 10-15 minutes, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain a plant nutrient solution; the plant growth regulator consists of an MS basic culture medium added with NAA with the mass concentration of 0.05-0.1 mg/L, BAP with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L and IBA with the mass concentration of 0.05-0.1 mg/L and ABT rooting powder, wherein the pH value of the MS culture medium is 6.0-6.5, the dosage of the MS basic culture medium is 5-8 liters, and the dosage of the ABT rooting powder is 3-6 grams; the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of adding the MS basic culture medium and the ABT rooting powder into the plant nutrient solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution.
4. The high-yield planting method for the red-core sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the field management process in the step (5), the sterilization adopts sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 10 percent to spray; the topdressing adopts a compound fertilizer formed by mixing plant ash, a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, and 800-1000 kg of plant ash, 30-35 kg of the ternary compound fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea and 500-800 kg of the organic fertilizer are applied per mu; in the vine cutting process, the vine needs to be lifted at the same time to prevent the fine roots from growing on the vine and influencing the yield.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115104438A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 昌江广凌农业科技有限公司 | Efficient sweet potato cutting cultivation method |
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| CN106665092A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-17 | 和县德生农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for high-yield high-quality sweet potatoes |
| CN107568001A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-12 | 紫云自治县文烁植保农民专业合作社 | One kind makees kind of a method for culturing seedlings using red core sweet potato vine |
| CN108293775A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-07-20 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield high-quality sweet potato |
| CN108391567A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-14 | 合肥百绿盛农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of sweet potato |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106665092A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-17 | 和县德生农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for high-yield high-quality sweet potatoes |
| CN107568001A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-12 | 紫云自治县文烁植保农民专业合作社 | One kind makees kind of a method for culturing seedlings using red core sweet potato vine |
| CN108293775A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-07-20 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield high-quality sweet potato |
| CN108391567A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-14 | 合肥百绿盛农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of sweet potato |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115104438A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 昌江广凌农业科技有限公司 | Efficient sweet potato cutting cultivation method |
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