CN106576769A - Watermelon seedling cultivation method capable of resisting continuous cropping obstacles - Google Patents
Watermelon seedling cultivation method capable of resisting continuous cropping obstacles Download PDFInfo
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- CN106576769A CN106576769A CN201611057347.5A CN201611057347A CN106576769A CN 106576769 A CN106576769 A CN 106576769A CN 201611057347 A CN201611057347 A CN 201611057347A CN 106576769 A CN106576769 A CN 106576769A
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- citrullus vulgariss
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable seedling cultivation, in particular to a watermelon seedling cultivation method capable of resisting continuous cropping obstacles. Watermelon seeds are soaked in a saturated saline solution in a vacuum environment, and then soaked in fish scale mucus, and then the seeds are sown in garden soil of continuous cropping watermelons and then a nitroso bacillus solution is poured once, and after 2 true leaves of the watermelon grow out, the young stem and the leaves of the watermelon are successively inoculated with F.oxysporum f.niv-eum, Colletotrichum lagenarium, watermelon mosaic virus and Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker in stages, and after the young stem and the leaves of the watermelon are inoculated with fungi or viruses, radix paeoniae rubra leaching solution, cassia seed leaching solution, whitebackleaf mallotus leaf leaching solution and taurocholic acid 800-fold liquid are respectively sprayed in time, and the final health watermelon seedlings are reserved. The processed watermelon seedlings are extremely strong in disease resistance and are sown in continuous cropping land for growing field crops, and are high in disease resistance and yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vegetables and fruits seedling-raising technique field, and in particular to a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method.
Background technology
Citrullus Cucurbitaceae, is a kind of dicotyledonous flowering plant, and as tendril, leaf is in featheriness to shape.What it was born
Fruit is Peponidium, is a kind of melon specific succulent fruit of Cucurbitaceae, is that the inferior ovary for having parietal placenta by 3 carpels sends out
The pseudocarp educated.The main edible part of Citrullus vulgariss is flourishing placenta.Fruit rinds are smooth, have decorative pattern in green or yellow,
Fruit flesh succulence is red or yellow, and with clearing away summer-heat, relieving restlessness is quenched the thirst, diuresis and eliminate renal inflammation, reduces blood pressure, beauty is supported
The effect of face, China's growth of watermelon area ranks first in the world, and Citrullus vulgariss avoid in itself continuous cropping, and continuous cropping will occur disease for 1 year, needs
After crop rotation 8 years, can just continue plantation, but China's per capita area of cultivated farmland is relatively fewer, is difficult to realize Citrullus vulgariss crop rotation, current watermelon seed
Plant carries out continuous cropping mostly, by plantation during apply any excess drug and fertilizer come with disease prevention and volume increase, cause soil quality tight
Decline again, quality of watermelon is also reduced year by year.
The content of the invention
To solve the problems, such as existing continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping is western
Melon seedling breeding method.
The technical solution used in the present invention is that a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method is comprised the following steps,
（1）Full grains, unabroken watermelon seed are soaked in saturated common salt aqueous solution, vacuum be -0.02MPa ~ -
5-6 hours are soaked under 0.05MPa, watermelon seed is pulled out, rinsed well；
（2）Fresh fish scale mucus is collected, by step（1）The watermelon seed that process is obtained is soaked in fish scale mucus, at 25-28 DEG C
Lower soak time is 12-14 hours, is pulled out, is rinsed well；
（3）The garden mould of continuous cropping 2-5 Citrullus vulgariss is taken as seedling medium, watermelon seed is broadcasted sowing in seedling medium, broadcast sowing end
Afterwards, a nitrosation bacillus bacterium solution is poured, the amount of bacillus containing nitrosation is 10 × 10 in nitrosation bacillus bacterium solution4-15×104CFU/
ml；
（4）Citrullus vulgariss are grown after 2 true leaves, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation Citrullus vulgariss pinch outs, connect bacteria concentration
For 1 × 105-1×106CFU/ml, after inoculation 2-3 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Radix Paeoniae Rubra lixiviating solution of blade, institute
Radix Paeoniae Rubra lixiviating solution is stated by Radix Paeoniae Rubra and 85% ethanol by 1:8 volume ratio mixing, backflow extraction 2-3 hours, reclaim at 50-52 DEG C
Ethanol, is concentrated into original volume 1/3 and obtains；
（5）From after inoculation Citrullus vulgariss pinch outs 7 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the melon anthrax of blade inoculation, bacterium is connect
Concentration is 1 × 107-1×108CFU/ml, after inoculation 5-5.5 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Semen Cassiae leaching of blade
Extract, the Semen Cassiae lixiviating solution presses 1 by Semen Cassiae and water:5 volume ratio mixing, 40-50 point of the backflow extraction at 96-99 DEG C
Clock, is concentrated into original volume 1/2 and obtains；
（6）From after being inoculated with melon anthrax 5 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation watermelon mosaic virus, bacterium is connect
Concentration is 1 × 103-1×105CFU/ml, after inoculation 8-10 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Folium Malloti Apeltae leaching of blade
Extract, the Folium Malloti Apeltae lixiviating solution presses 1 by Folium Malloti Apeltae and water:7 volume ratio mixing, backflow extraction 1-1.5 is little at 80-85 DEG C
When, it is concentrated into original volume 1/3 and obtains；
（7）From after inoculation watermelon mosaic virus 3 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation De Shi phytophthoras, bacterium is connect dense
Spend for 1 × 107-1×108CFU/ml, after inoculation 4-5 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting cholyltaurine 800 of blade
Times liquid；
（8）Retain Jing steps（4）-（7）Still healthy Citrullus vulgariss Seedling after process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is,
Watermelon seed is soaked in saturated common salt aqueous solution, and 5-6 hours are soaked under -0.02MPa ~ -0.05MPa, can be killed
The various funguses that dead watermelon seed surface carries, can also be passivated, and kill virus；
Watermelon seed after process is soaked in fish scale mucus, in addition to desalination is realized to watermelon seed, moreover it is possible to break watermelon seed
Physiological dormancy, makes the watermelon seed after process reach more than 99.92% germination percentage, and rudiment is neatly rapid, in 2-3 days
Complete；
The garden mould of continuous cropping 2-5 Citrullus vulgariss is taken as seedling medium, it is possible to increase the anti-continuous cropping patience of watermelon seed, watermelon seed broadcasts sowing knot
Shu Hou, pours a nitrosation bacillus bacterium solution, can effectively improve watermelon seed planting percent, makes the watermelon seed seedling after germination
Rate reaches more than 83.5%；
Grow after 2 true leaves from Citrullus vulgariss, by stage by stage gradually to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation Citrullus vulgariss pinch outs, melon charcoal
Cellulitis bacterium, watermelon mosaic virus, De Shi phytophthoras, and after above-listed funguses or virus is inoculated with, sprays Radix Paeoniae Rubra lixiviating solution in time respectively, determine
Pine torch lixiviating solution, Folium Malloti Apeltae lixiviating solution, 800 times of liquid of cholyltaurine, can improve virus inoculation, the disease resistance of funguses Citrullus vulgariss seedling and
Survival rate, the Citrullus vulgariss that the final Citrullus vulgariss seedling retained Jing after processing is obtained for more than 79.2%, the Jing process of early stage seedling melon seedling amount
Seedling disease resistance is extremely strong, is seeded in the big Tanaka of continuous cropping, can show stronger disease resistance and productive.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1,
A kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method, comprises the following steps,
（1）Full grains, unabroken watermelon seed are soaked in saturated common salt aqueous solution, in the case where vacuum is -0.03MPa
Immersion 5.2 hours, watermelon seed is pulled out, is rinsed well；
（2）Fresh fish scale mucus is collected, by step（1）The watermelon seed that process is obtained is soaked in fish scale mucus, at 26 DEG C
Soak time is 13 hours, is pulled out, is rinsed well；
（3）The garden mould of 4 years Citrullus vulgariss of continuous cropping is taken as seedling medium, watermelon seed is broadcasted sowing in seedling medium, after broadcasting sowing end,
A nitrosation bacillus bacterium solution is poured, the amount of bacillus containing nitrosation is 12 × 10 in nitrosation bacillus bacterium solution4CFU/ml；
（4）Citrullus vulgariss are grown after 2 true leaves, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation Citrullus vulgariss pinch outs, connect bacteria concentration
For 1 × 105CFU/ml, after being inoculated with 2.5 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Radix Paeoniae Rubra lixiviating solution of blade, the Radix Paeoniae Rubra
Lixiviating solution presses 1 by Radix Paeoniae Rubra and 85% ethanol:8 volume ratio mixing, backflow extraction 2.6 hours at 51 DEG C, reclaims ethanol, concentration
Obtain to original volume 1/3；
（5）From after inoculation Citrullus vulgariss pinch outs 7 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the melon anthrax of blade inoculation, bacterium is connect
Concentration is 1 × 107CFU/ml, after being inoculated with 5.2 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Semen Cassiae lixiviating solution of blade, institute
Semen Cassiae lixiviating solution is stated by Semen Cassiae and water by 1:5 volume ratio mixing, backflow extraction 46 minutes, are concentrated into substance at 97 DEG C
Product 1/2 is obtained；
（6）From after being inoculated with melon anthrax 5 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation watermelon mosaic virus, bacterium is connect
Concentration is 1 × 103CFU/ml, after being inoculated with 8.7 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Folium Malloti Apeltae lixiviating solution of blade, institute
Folium Malloti Apeltae lixiviating solution is stated by Folium Malloti Apeltae and water by 1:7 volume ratio mixing, backflow extraction 1.3 hours, are concentrated into original at 82 DEG C
Volume 1/3 is obtained；
（7）From after inoculation watermelon mosaic virus 3 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation De Shi phytophthoras, bacterium is connect dense
Spend for 1 × 107CFU/ml, after being inoculated with 4.4 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade 800 times of liquid of comprehensive spray painting cholyltaurine；
（8）Retain Jing steps（4）-（7）Still healthy Citrullus vulgariss Seedling after process.
Below in conjunction with concrete contrast test, the present invention will be described：
Contrast test 1, test material is " early spring carbuncle " for examination watermelon seed kind, is experimental field Quanjiao County Liu Zhen towns Sun Jia villages；
Test is divided into experimental group, matched group 1, matched group 2, matched group 3, matched group 4,5 six groups of matched group,
Experimental group, matched group 1, matched group 2, matched group 3, matched group 4,5 six groups of test process seeds of matched group are 100；
Experimental group group carries out nursery using the method for embodiment 1 to Citrullus vulgariss；
1 group of matched group on the basis of embodiment 1, by step（1）Operation is replaced with soaks 5.2 hours in water；
Matched group 2 on the basis of embodiment 1, cancellation step（2）Treatment process；
Matched group 3 on the basis of embodiment 1, cancellation step（3）Pour nitrosation bacillus bacterium solution this operation；
Matched group 4 on the basis of embodiment 1, cancellation step（4）-（7）In, spray painting Radix Paeoniae Rubra lixiviating solution, the extraction of spray painting Semen Cassiae
Liquid, spray painting Folium Malloti Apeltae lixiviating solution, the road treatment process of 800 times of Ye Zhe of spray painting cholyltaurine tetra-；
Statistics each group Germination of Watermelon Seed rate, sprout neat rate, sprout time, planting percent, finally survive strain number, the results are shown in Table 1：
| Group | Germination of Watermelon Seed rate（%） | Sprout neat rate（%） | Sprout time（d） | Planting percent（%） | Finally survive strain number（） |
| Experimental group | 99.95 | 99.65 | 2 | 83.36 | 68 |
| Matched group 1 | 99.94 | 99.60 | 2 | 83.33 | 66 |
| Matched group 2 | 77.6 | 70.37 | 5 | 58.92 | 48 |
| Matched group 3 | 99.96 | 99.62 | 3 | 50.01 | 40 |
| Matched group 4 | 99.93 | 99.66 | 2 | 83.35 | 67 |
| Matched group 5 | 99.92 | 99.65 | 2 | 83.36 | 4 |
Contrast test 2, test material is " early spring carbuncle " for examination watermelon seed kind, is experimental field Quanjiao County Liu Zhen towns Sun Jia villages；
Test is divided into experimental group, conventional group, 1 three groups of matched group,
Experimental group, conventional group, 1 three groups of test areas of matched group are 1 mu, experimental group, conventional group, 1 three groups of plot phases of matched group
It is adjacent；
Above test plot is the plot of 3 years Citrullus vulgariss of continuous cropping；
Experimental group group processes the Citrullus vulgariss Seedling definite value for obtaining in big Tanaka using the method for embodiment 1；
Conventional group carries out nursery to watermelon seed using conventional seedbed system method, and seedling raise period is identical with the seedling raise period of embodiment 1, will
The Citrullus vulgariss Seedling definite value that nursery is obtained carries out diseases prevention process using conventional method during test in big Tanaka to Citrullus vulgariss；
1 group of matched group on the basis of embodiment 1, cancellation step（4）-（7）Treatment process carries out nursery, nursery to watermelon seed
Time is identical with the seedling raise period of embodiment 1, and the Citrullus vulgariss Seedling definite value that nursery is obtained is in big Tanaka；
Experimental group, conventional group, 1 mu of matched group, 300 plants of definite value Citrullus vulgariss Seedling；
During test, each group dose and fertilization type are identical, during test, additionally experimental group, 1 three groups of matched group are not carried out
Diseases prevention is processed；
Total disease incidence during recording each group growth of watermelon respectively during test, plantation obtain the sugariness of Citrullus vulgariss, average single
Citrullus vulgariss weight, Citrullus vulgariss per mu yield.The results are shown in Table 2：
| Group | Total disease incidence（%） | Average single Citrullus vulgariss weight（Kilogram） | Citrullus vulgariss per mu yield（Kilogram） | Plantation obtains Citrullus vulgariss center sugariness |
| Experimental group | 6.1 | 2.35 | 2510 | 13.8 |
| Conventional group | 9.4 | 2.07 | 2339 | 11.6 |
| Matched group 1 | 68.2 | 1.83 | 605 | 10.4 |
From upper table 1, the Citrullus vulgariss seedling for obtaining is cultivated using the method for the embodiment of the present invention 1 and is colonized in continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss plot,
Even if not carrying out diseases prevention process during plantation, preferable disease resistance and productive can be also shown, plant the Citrullus vulgariss for obtaining average
Single heavier-weight, center sugariness is high, and quality is preferable.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method, comprises the following steps,
（1）Full grains, unabroken watermelon seed are soaked in saturated common salt aqueous solution, vacuum be -0.02MPa ~ -
5-6 hours are soaked under 0.05MPa, watermelon seed is pulled out, rinsed well；
（2）Fresh fish scale mucus is collected, by step（1）The watermelon seed that process is obtained is soaked in fish scale mucus, at 25-28 DEG C
Lower soak time is 12-14 hours, is pulled out, is rinsed well；
（3）The garden mould of continuous cropping 2-3 Citrullus vulgariss is taken as seedling medium, watermelon seed is broadcasted sowing in seedling medium, broadcast sowing end
Afterwards, a nitrosation bacillus bacterium solution is poured；
（4）Citrullus vulgariss are grown after 2 true leaves, and using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation Citrullus vulgariss pinch outs, 2-3 is little for inoculation
Shi Hou, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Radix Paeoniae Rubra lixiviating solution of blade, the Radix Paeoniae Rubra lixiviating solution presses 1 by Radix Paeoniae Rubra and 85% ethanol:
8 volume ratio mixing, backflow extraction 2-3 hours, reclaim ethanol at 50-52 DEG C, are concentrated into original volume 1/3 and obtain；
（5）From after inoculation Citrullus vulgariss pinch outs 7 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the melon anthrax of blade inoculation, inoculation
After 5-5.5 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Semen Cassiae lixiviating solution of blade, the Semen Cassiae lixiviating solution is by Semen Cassiae
1 is pressed with water:5 volume ratio mixing, backflow extraction 40-50 minutes, are concentrated into original volume 1/2 and obtain at 96-99 DEG C；
（6）From after being inoculated with melon anthrax 5 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation watermelon mosaic virus, inoculation
After 8-10 hours, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and the comprehensive spray painting Folium Malloti Apeltae lixiviating solution of blade, the Folium Malloti Apeltae lixiviating solution is by Folium Malloti Apeltae
1 is pressed with water:7 volume ratio mixing, backflow extraction 1-1.5 hours, are concentrated into original volume 1/3 and obtain at 80-85 DEG C；
（7）From after inoculation watermelon mosaic virus 3 days, using needle point method to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade inoculation De Shi phytophthoras, 4-5 is inoculated with
After hour, immediately to Citrullus vulgariss children's stem and blade 800 times of liquid of comprehensive spray painting cholyltaurine；
（8）Retain Jing steps（4）-（7）Still healthy Citrullus vulgariss Seedling after process.
2. a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The amount of bacillus containing nitrosation is 10 × 10 in nitrosation bacillus bacterium solution4-15×104CFU/ml。
3. a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Citrullus vulgariss pinch outs connect bacteria concentration for 1 × 105-1×106CFU/ml。
4. a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Melon anthrax connects bacteria concentration for 1 × 107-1×108CFU/ml。
5. a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Watermelon mosaic virus connects bacteria concentration for 1 × 103-1×105CFU/ml。
6. a kind of anti obstacle to continuous cropping Citrullus vulgariss seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
De Shi phytophthoras connect bacteria concentration for 1 × 107-1×108CFU/ml。
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| CN109370955A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-22 | 山东农业大学 | One plant of Death Valley bacillus HSB-2 and its application |
| CN111837504A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 安徽荃银高科瓜菜种子有限公司 | Method for making watermelon seeds sprout neatly |
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| CN111837504A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 安徽荃银高科瓜菜种子有限公司 | Method for making watermelon seeds sprout neatly |
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Application publication date: 20170426 |