CN109005982A - A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat - Google Patents
A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat Download PDFInfo
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- CN109005982A CN109005982A CN201810892069.8A CN201810892069A CN109005982A CN 109005982 A CN109005982 A CN 109005982A CN 201810892069 A CN201810892069 A CN 201810892069A CN 109005982 A CN109005982 A CN 109005982A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
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Abstract
The invention discloses the engrafting methods that a kind of big tree of pecan tree changes hat, mainly include following operating procedure: five steps such as fringe bar acquisition, fringe bar processing, grafting time, engrafting method and managing after grafting.Annotinous branch is as scion on this method acquisition good results elite stand, scion is dehydrated, wax sealing, after chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, it is sprouted by removing after grafting, the management such as anvil, unbundlings, disease control of breaking obtain the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, compared with traditional engrafting method, have the characteristics that high survival rate, forest form is neat, be conducive to the quick formation of pecan tree woods, forest form is neat, compensate for traditional engrafting method to carry out repeatedly mend connect, stock is easy withered drawback.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of plant asexual propagation, and in particular to a kind of pecan tree is big to set the grafting side for changing hat
Method.
Background technique
Pecan tree (Carya illinoensisK. Koch), alias apocarya, pecan, Juglandaceae mountain
Juglans originates in North America, and fruit kernel percent is high, and kernel taste is fragrant and sweet, full of nutrition, and seed fat content is up to 70%, and shell is thin easily
Stripping, is one of world-renowned dry fruit.Introducing China in 1900, introduction range is wide at present, especially with Yunnan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, good fortune
Build, the plantation of the ground such as Anhui it is more, also there is introducing and planting in Guangxi.
Pecan tree enjoys the good reputation of " Longevity ", have mend brain, to help U.S. face, anti-aging, invigorating heart dirty etc. edible and
Medical value is ideal nourishing food.The most common walnut converted products has: the ingredient of candy, peaberry food, drink
Expect that product, deep processed product have: walnut oil, walnut protein, walnut powder etc..Wherein walnut oil contains oleic acid, linoleic acid, flax
The unsaturated fats such as acid, arachidonic acid content is athero- to the content, the prevention and treatment artery that reduce human serum cholesterol up to 90% or so
Hardening and the formation of thrombus play the role of positive.Amino acid is complete in 18 in walnut protein, and 8 kinds of amino acid needed by human
Proportion is reasonable, close to standard as defined in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO).In addition to walnut kernel, walnut
Shell is hard, corrosion resistant, decorative pattern are natural, simple and unsophisticated, can be fabricated to the walnut handicraft article of all kinds of finenesses, walnut handicraft article is by people
Concern and like.
Pecan tree can not only be used as fruit, but also can be used as material, it may also be used for greening is to develop mountain area economy, increase peasant
The important species of income, and administer stony desertification, carry out ecological poverty alleviation and the vanguard tree seed in greening village village, preferred tree species.With
Expanding economy, more and more consumers recognize the nutritive and medicinal value of pecan tree, and consumption proportion rises；Furthermore
The rise of pecan tree processing industry, walnut kernel can be made into food, can be processed into oil plant, may be added among other food,
Extensive purposes increases considerably walnut consumption figure, demand.
The excessive velocities of pecan tree industry development in recent years, breeding nursery stock is out of trim and some areas do not consider to work as
Ground weather allocates and transports nursery stock from other places one after another, causes the very different and external nursery stock of the planted nursery stock kind of wide geographic area is inadaptable to work as
Ground weather part, which is frozen to death, grows J. sigillata, and enormous amount, is badly in need of carrying out grafting renovation.So exploitation pecan tree grafting
Method improves high graft survival rate, meets the needs of walnut low production forest improvement, allow the mountain area masses to bring benefits as early as possible, to quickening
Walnut Industry Development develops Modern Forestry, promotes a conservation culture, it is ensured that realize woods to rural economic development, increasing peasant income is promoted
Industry " double increasings " target is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
For present in existing pecan tree engrafting method, graft survival rate is low, is unable to satisfy walnut low production forest improvement
The deficiencies of demand, the present invention provides a kind of high survival rates, and forest form is neat being capable of the good U.S. mountain core for keeping excellent strain
Peach is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, including scion acquisition, scion processing, Root-stock selection, grafting time,
Management after engrafting method, grafting acquires annotinous branch on good results elite stand and is dehydrated, is sealed to scion as scion
After cured, chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, sprouted by removing after grafting, disconnected anvil, unbundlings, disease
Control stategy obtains the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, mainly includes following operating procedure:
(1) fringe bar acquires
Acquire 1 year full raw branch of robust growth, bud eye March from the scion-seed tree of robust growth, the branch under adopting is put
2-3d is dehydrated at shady and cool ventilation indoors；
(2) fringe bar is handled
It is cut into scion by long 25-35 cm, is handled immediately with the sealing wax of heat fusing, scion is placed on 60 DEG C of paraffin liquid middling speeds
It dips in, quickly removes, so that entire branch is sealed with wax sternly, scion is put on the ground 2 h or more of spreading for cooling after sealing with wax, is allowed to cool down
To natural temperature；Then cellar or shady place are placed on or 5-10 DEG C of freezer saves, storage time is no more than 3 months；
(3) grafting time
Grafting period is carried out in late March to early and middle ten days in April, i.e., starts to germinate in pecan tree, is partially had been pumped out new
Ye Shi, selection becomes a fine day or the cloudy day is grafted, and the rainy day should not be grafted；
(4) engrafting method
(1) Root-stock selection: the raw big tree of eugonic 4-10 is selected to be grafted；
(2) stock is handled: retain branch, it is not sawed-off, and one long 10-15 cm contract is sawed with saw on 1.0-1.5m height trunk
Shape mouth, depth reach the one third of tree trunk size, and no more than medulla, the two sides of the nearly medulla in section are opened two long by 10 under saw kerf
Cm, wide 1- 2cm take out bark and form discharge sump as deep as xylem；A longitudinal sectional mouth and bark is chosen on the outside of section under saw kerf
It loosens and is conducive to embedding fringe；
(3) cut fringe bar: the full fringe bar of selection bud eye is grafted, and scion is whittled into the wedge of 4-6cm long with sharp grafting knife
Shape is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, and lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 2-3cm facing directly as deep as xylem；
(4) embedding fringe: first promote liquid to impregnate 15min the scion cut healing, and promote liquid to be sprayed on stock healing
In graft union, stock then is inserted into scion, straight bevel is inside, compresses scion with the skin provoked；The healing promote liquid by
The group of following mass concentration is grouped as: 3% sucrose, 1.5% citric acid, 2.0% calcium chloride, remaining is water；
(5) it binds: being bundled with the film of width 2-3cm, if scion top was cut, then film is needed to seal end around to scion top
Mouthful, lateral bud will expose, not have to then bind if it is sealing wax end；
(5) managing after grafting
(1) remove and sprout: 18-25d after grafting checks whether the fringe bar of grafting sprouts, and the dead benefit that carry out in time connects；Such as discovery
There is rudiment bar to remove in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；
(2) break anvil: taking out when scion and the stock grown above is amputated in interface in time with saw when the tip is up to 15-25cm, saw
When pay attention to that scion cannot be encountered；
(3) unbind: when the long 30cm or more of the tip is taken out in scion, can with sharp knife beside scion the longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases,
Then scion is fixed with binding small wooden to fracture with Anti-blow-open；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, integrated control；It finds in time and carries out conventional physics, biology, chemical prevention.
Further, branch described in above-mentioned steps (one) is the acquisition robust growth, no disease and pests harm, bud on result elite stand
1 year raw branch that eye is full, diameter is 1.0-1.5cm.
The technical program has the advantages that compared with prior art
1, it is 1 year raw branch of 1.0-1.5cm as scion that diameter is acquired in step (1) of the present invention, and guaranteeing can when cutting fringe bar
To obtain big grafting interface area, being conducive to stock nutrient supply, the healing of accelerating interface improves graft survival rate, and
The diameter of control scion can also guarantee containing sufficient nutriment in scion, so that scion be made to be more conducive to survive.
2, the present invention saves the scion after sealing with wax in cellar or shady place or 5-10 DEG C of freezer in step (2), and
And the storage time no more than 3 moon, avoid the too long survival rate that will affect grafting of storage time.
3, the factor for influencing the big tree graft survival rate of pecan tree is mainly graft union ponding and can not generate callus group
It knitting, the present invention optimizes side grafting engrafting method, and this method retains branch first, and it is not sawed-off, in 1.0-1.5m height trunk
On open wedge mouth, avoid generating a large amount of bleeding sap and focus on graft union, then the two sides of the nearly medulla in section open two under saw kerf
Item grows 10 cm, and wide 1- 2cm takes out bark and form discharge sump, can quickly and effectively be discharged at graft union and gather as deep as xylem
The bleeding sap of collection prevents graft union ponding and influences callus generation, improves graft survival rate.
4, the present invention opens the wedge mouth of 10-15cm in grafting on trunk, and scion is whittled into the wedge of 4-6cm long
Shape is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, and lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 2-3cm facing directly as deep as xylem, can make scion
Interface is close to stock, is conducive to stock nutrient supply, and the healing of accelerating interface improves graft survival rate.
5, for the present invention when opening wedge mouth on stock trunk, depth reaches the one third of tree trunk size, no more than medulla,
It may insure that the forming layer of scion and stock closely connects in grafting, be conducive to after scion is healed with stock from outside bast
Nutrition is absorbed in the food stream of screen casing, while being absorbed water from the xylem vessel of inside and minerals, and surviving for scion is improved
Rate.
6, before embedding fringe, the healing using sucrose, citric acid, the calcium chloride preparation by certain mass concentration promotes the present invention
Liquid handles stock grafting mouth and scion, can effectively facilitate callus and be formed and then improve cion survival rate, because sucrose can
To promote calli induction, and citric acid and calcium chloride synergistic effect can effectively inhibit the brown stain of graft union, avoid anvil
Polyphenol substance oxidizing brown stain in wood and scion influences callus and is formed.
7, the method for the present invention selects stock of the raw big tree of eugonic 4-10 as grafting, because its nutriment fills
Foot, physiological metabolism is vigorous, is conducive to graft incision wound tissue growth and young sprout pumping, it can also be ensured that itself be not easy withered.
8, the present invention removes in managing after grafting sprouts step requirement removing rudiment bar in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and life
It is long；It proposes that scion is taken out when the tip is up to 15-25cm in disconnected anvil step in time to amputate the stock grown above in interface, because
Stock is amputated too early, scion does not survive completely, easily causes scion seedling dead；Stock is amputated too late, and stock and grafted branch contention are supported
Point, moisture and growing space and make grafted branch slow growth, influence to graft seedling quality.
9, this engrafting method has the characteristics that high survival rate, forest form is neat, is conducive to the U.S. compared with traditional engrafting method
The quick formation of hickory nut woods, forest form is neat, compensate for traditional engrafting method to carry out repeatedly mend connect, stock is easy withered disadvantage
End.And this method also has the characteristics that simple and easy, effect high inexpensive, is capable of the good feature for keeping excellent strain, and it can be with
Actual production is directly applied to, and is able to satisfy the demand of walnut low production forest improvement, reaches quick volume increase, there is good economic effect
Benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but not as limitation of the present invention.In the following example not
Dated specific experiment condition and method, used technological means are usually conventional hand well-known to those skilled in the art
Section.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, including scion acquisition, scion processing, Root-stock selection, grafting time,
Management after engrafting method, grafting acquires annotinous branch on good results elite stand and is dehydrated, is sealed to scion as scion
After cured, chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, sprouted by removing after grafting, disconnected anvil, unbundlings, disease
Control stategy obtains the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, mainly includes following operating procedure:
(1) fringe bar acquires
Acquire that robust growth, no disease and pests harm, bud eye be full, diameter is 1.2cm's March from the scion-seed tree of robust growth
1 year raw branch, the branch under adopting are placed on dehydration 3d at indoor shady and cool ventilation；
(2) fringe bar is handled
It is cut into scion by long 30cm, is handled immediately with the sealing wax of heat fusing, scion is placed on quickly dipped one in 60 DEG C of paraffin liquids
Under, it quickly removes, so that entire branch is sealed with wax sternly, scion is put on the ground 2 h or more of spreading for cooling after sealing with wax, be allowed to be cooled to certainly
Right temperature；Then it is placed on 6 DEG C of freezer to save, storage time is no more than 3 months；
(3) grafting time
It selects big tree to be grafted in middle descending at the end of March, i.e., starts to germinate in pecan tree, partially have been pumped out young leaves
When, selection becomes a fine day or the cloudy day is grafted, and the rainy day should not be grafted；
(5) engrafting method
(1) Root-stock selection: selection life in eugonic 4 years tree greatly is grafted；
(2) stock is handled: retain branch, it is not sawed-off, and one long 12 cm wedge mouth is sawed with saw on 1.3m height trunk, it is deep
Degree reaches the one third of tree trunk size, and no more than medulla, 10 cm two long is opened in the two sides of the nearly medulla in section under saw kerf, wide
2cm takes out bark and forms discharge sump as deep as xylem；A longitudinal sectional mouth and bark is chosen loosening it is conducive on the outside of section under saw kerf
Embedding fringe；
(3) cut fringe bar: the full fringe bar of selection bud eye is grafted, and scion is whittled into the wedge shape of 5cm long with sharp grafting knife,
It is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 2cm facing directly as deep as xylem；
(4) embedding fringe: first promote liquid to impregnate 15min the scion cut healing, and promote liquid to be sprayed on stock healing
In graft union, stock then is inserted into scion, straight bevel is inside, compresses scion with the skin provoked；The healing promote liquid by
The group of following mass concentration is grouped as: 3% sucrose, 1.5% citric acid, 2.0% calcium chloride, remaining is water；
(5) it binds: being bundled with the film of width 2.5cm, if scion top was cut, then film is needed to seal end around to scion top
Mouthful, lateral bud will expose, not have to then bind if it is sealing wax end；
(5) managing after grafting
(1) remove and sprout: 18-25 d after grafting checks whether the fringe bar of grafting sprouts, and the dead benefit that carry out in time connects；Such as discovery
There is rudiment bar to remove in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；
(2) break anvil: taking out when scion and the stock grown above is amputated in interface in time with saw when the tip is up to 15-25cm, saw
When pay attention to that scion cannot be encountered；
(3) unbind: when the long 30cm or more of the tip is taken out in scion, can with sharp knife beside scion the longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases,
Then scion is fixed with binding small wooden to fracture with Anti-blow-open；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, integrated control；It finds in time and carries out conventional physics, biology, chemical prevention.
It observes that fringe bar has 50% to sprout after carrying out 20 d of grafting according to the present embodiment engrafting method, removes rudiment bar in time,
Conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；50d after grafting, scion at this time takes out the tip and is up to 17cm, with saw in time in interface above
The stock of growth amputates, and when saw pays attention to that scion cannot be encountered.60d is as the scion pumping long 30cm or more of the tip after grafting, with sharp knife
The longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases, is then fixed scion with binding small wooden and is fractureed with Anti-blow-open beside scion.After three months
The big tree grafted is quickly formed by trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, second year tree crown starts to yield positive results on a small quantity up to 1.5 meters.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, including scion acquisition, scion processing, Root-stock selection, grafting time,
Management after engrafting method, grafting acquires annotinous branch on good results elite stand and is dehydrated, is sealed to scion as scion
After cured, chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, sprouted by removing after grafting, disconnected anvil, unbundlings, disease
Control stategy obtains the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, mainly includes following operating procedure:
(1) fringe bar acquires
Acquire that robust growth, no disease and pests harm, bud eye be full, diameter is 1.0cm's March from the scion-seed tree of robust growth
1 year raw branch, the branch under adopting are placed on dehydration 2d at indoor shady and cool ventilation；
(2) fringe bar is handled
It is cut into scion by long 30cm, is handled immediately with the sealing wax of heat fusing, scion is placed on quickly dipped one in 60 DEG C of paraffin liquids
Under, it quickly removes, so that entire branch is sealed with wax sternly, scion is put on the ground 2 h or more of spreading for cooling after sealing with wax, be allowed to be cooled to certainly
Right temperature；Then it is placed in cellar and saves, storage time is no more than 3 months；
(3) grafting time
It selects big tree to be grafted in middle descending mid-April, i.e., starts to germinate in pecan tree, partially have been pumped out new
Ye Shi, selection becomes a fine day or the cloudy day is grafted, and the rainy day should not be grafted；
(5) engrafting method
(1) Root-stock selection: selection life in eugonic 6 years tree greatly is grafted；
(2) stock is handled: retain branch, it is not sawed-off, and one long 15 cm wedge mouth is sawed with saw on 1.2m height trunk, it is deep
Degree reaches the one third of tree trunk size, and no more than medulla, 10 cm two long is opened in the two sides of the nearly medulla in section under saw kerf, wide
2cm takes out bark and forms discharge sump as deep as xylem；A longitudinal sectional mouth and bark is chosen loosening it is conducive on the outside of section under saw kerf
Embedding fringe；
(3) cut fringe bar: the full fringe bar of selection bud eye is grafted, and scion is whittled into the wedge shape of 5cm long with sharp grafting knife,
It is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 2cm facing directly as deep as xylem；
(4) embedding fringe: first promote liquid to impregnate 15min the scion cut healing, and promote liquid to be sprayed on stock healing
In graft union, stock then is inserted into scion, straight bevel is inside, compresses scion with the skin provoked；The healing promote liquid by
The group of following mass concentration is grouped as: 3% sucrose, 1.5% citric acid, 2.0% calcium chloride, remaining is water；
(5) it binds: being bundled with the film of width 3cm, if scion top was cut, then film is needed to seal end around to scion top
Mouthful, lateral bud will expose, not have to then bind if it is sealing wax end；
(5) managing after grafting
(1) remove and sprout: 18-25d after grafting checks whether the fringe bar of grafting sprouts, and the dead benefit that carry out in time connects；Such as discovery
There is rudiment bar to remove in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；
(2) break anvil: taking out when scion and the stock grown above is amputated in interface in time with saw when the tip is up to 15-25cm, saw
When pay attention to that scion cannot be encountered；
(3) unbind: when the long 30cm or more of the tip is taken out in scion, can with sharp knife beside scion the longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases,
Then scion is fixed with binding small wooden to fracture with Anti-blow-open；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, integrated control；It finds in time and carries out conventional physics, biology, chemical prevention.
It observes that fringe bar has 70% to sprout after carrying out 25 d of grafting according to the present embodiment engrafting method, removes rudiment bar in time,
Conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；60d after grafting, scion at this time takes out the tip and is up to 23cm, with saw in time in interface above
The stock of growth amputates, and when saw pays attention to that scion cannot be encountered.70d is as the scion pumping long 30cm or more of the tip after grafting, with sharp knife
The longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases, is then fixed scion with binding small wooden and is fractureed with Anti-blow-open beside scion.After three months
The big tree grafted is quickly formed by trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, second year tree crown starts to yield positive results on a small quantity up to 1.6 meters.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, including scion acquisition, scion processing, Root-stock selection, grafting time,
Management after engrafting method, grafting acquires annotinous branch on good results elite stand and is dehydrated, is sealed to scion as scion
After cured, chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, sprouted by removing after grafting, disconnected anvil, unbundlings, disease
Control stategy obtains the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, mainly includes following operating procedure:
(1) fringe bar acquires
Acquire that robust growth, no disease and pests harm, bud eye be full, diameter is 1.4cm's March from the scion-seed tree of robust growth
1 year raw branch, the branch under adopting are placed on dehydration 3d at indoor shady and cool ventilation；
(2) fringe bar is handled
It is cut into scion by long 28cm, is handled immediately with the sealing wax of heat fusing, scion is placed on quickly dipped one in 60 DEG C of paraffin liquids
Under, it quickly removes, so that entire branch is sealed with wax sternly, scion is put on the ground 2 h or more of spreading for cooling after sealing with wax, be allowed to be cooled to certainly
Right temperature；Then it is placed on shady place preservation, storage time is no more than 3 months；
(3) grafting time
It selects big tree to be grafted in middle descending at the beginning of 4 months, i.e., starts to germinate in pecan tree, partially have been pumped out young leaves
When, selection becomes a fine day or the cloudy day is grafted, and the rainy day should not be grafted；
(5) engrafting method
(1) Root-stock selection: selection life in eugonic 10 years tree greatly is grafted；
(2) stock is handled: retain branch, it is not sawed-off, and one long 15 cm wedge mouth is sawed with saw on 1.5m height trunk, it is deep
Degree reaches the one third of tree trunk size, and no more than medulla, 10 cm two long is opened in the two sides of the nearly medulla in section under saw kerf, wide
2cm takes out bark and forms discharge sump as deep as xylem；A longitudinal sectional mouth and bark is chosen loosening it is conducive on the outside of section under saw kerf
Embedding fringe；
(3) cut fringe bar: the full fringe bar of selection bud eye is grafted, and scion is whittled into the wedge shape of 6cm long with sharp grafting knife,
It is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 2cm facing directly as deep as xylem；
(4) embedding fringe: first promote liquid to impregnate 15min the scion cut healing, and promote liquid to be sprayed on stock healing
In graft union, stock then is inserted into scion, straight bevel is inside, compresses scion with the skin provoked；The healing promote liquid by
The group of following mass concentration is grouped as: 3% sucrose, 1.5% citric acid, 2.0% calcium chloride, remaining is water；
(5) it binds: being bundled with the film of width 3cm, if scion top was cut, then film is needed to seal end around to scion top
Mouthful, lateral bud will expose, not have to then bind if it is sealing wax end；
(5) managing after grafting
(1) remove and sprout: 18-25d after grafting checks whether the fringe bar of grafting sprouts, and the dead benefit that carry out in time connects；Such as discovery
There is rudiment bar to remove in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；
(2) break anvil: taking out when scion and the stock grown above is amputated in interface in time with saw when the tip is up to 15-25cm, saw
When pay attention to that scion cannot be encountered；
(3) unbind: when the long 30cm or more of the tip is taken out in scion, can with sharp knife beside scion the longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases,
Then scion is fixed with binding small wooden to fracture with Anti-blow-open；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, integrated control；It finds in time and carries out conventional physics, biology, chemical prevention.
It observes that fringe bar has 70% to sprout after carrying out 25 d of grafting according to the present embodiment engrafting method, removes rudiment bar in time,
Conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；60d after grafting, scion at this time takes out the tip and is up to 25cm, with saw in time in interface above
The stock of growth amputates, and when saw pays attention to that scion cannot be encountered.75d is as the scion pumping long 30cm or more of the tip after grafting, with sharp knife
The longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases, is then fixed scion with binding small wooden and is fractureed with Anti-blow-open beside scion.After three months
The big tree grafted is quickly formed by trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, second year tree crown starts to yield positive results on a small quantity up to 1.5 meters.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, including scion acquisition, scion processing, Root-stock selection, grafting time,
Management after engrafting method, grafting acquires annotinous branch on good results elite stand and is dehydrated, is sealed to scion as scion
After cured, chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, sprouted by removing after grafting, disconnected anvil, unbundlings, disease
Control stategy obtains the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, mainly includes following operating procedure:
(1) fringe bar acquires
Acquire that robust growth, no disease and pests harm, bud eye be full, diameter is 1.3cm's March from the scion-seed tree of robust growth
1 year raw branch, the branch under adopting are placed on dehydration 3d at indoor shady and cool ventilation；
(2) fringe bar is handled
It is cut into scion by long 25cm, is handled immediately with the sealing wax of heat fusing, scion is placed on quickly dipped one in 60 DEG C of paraffin liquids
Under, it quickly removes, so that entire branch is sealed with wax sternly, scion is put on the ground 2 h or more of spreading for cooling after sealing with wax, be allowed to be cooled to certainly
Right temperature；Then it is placed on 5 DEG C of freezer to save, storage time is no more than 3 months；
(3) grafting time
It selects big tree to be grafted in middle descending at the end of March, i.e., starts to germinate in pecan tree, partially have been pumped out young leaves
When, selection becomes a fine day or the cloudy day is grafted, and the rainy day should not be grafted；
(5) engrafting method
(1) Root-stock selection: selection life in eugonic 5 years tree greatly is grafted；
(2) stock is handled: retain branch, it is not sawed-off, and one long 10 cm wedge mouth is sawed with saw on 1.2m height trunk, it is deep
Degree reaches the one third of tree trunk size, and no more than medulla, 10 cm two long is opened in the two sides of the nearly medulla in section under saw kerf, wide
2cm takes out bark and forms discharge sump as deep as xylem；A longitudinal sectional mouth and bark is chosen loosening it is conducive on the outside of section under saw kerf
Embedding fringe；
(3) cut fringe bar: the full fringe bar of selection bud eye is grafted, and scion is whittled into the wedge shape of 4cm long with sharp grafting knife,
It is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 2cm facing directly as deep as xylem；
(4) embedding fringe: first promote liquid to impregnate 15min the scion cut healing, and promote liquid to be sprayed on stock healing
In graft union, stock then is inserted into scion, straight bevel is inside, compresses scion with the skin provoked；The healing promote liquid by
The group of following mass concentration is grouped as: 3% sucrose, 1.5% citric acid, 2.0% calcium chloride, remaining is water；
(5) it binds: being bundled with the film of width 2cm, if scion top was cut, then film is needed to seal end around to scion top
Mouthful, lateral bud will expose, not have to then bind if it is sealing wax end；
(5) managing after grafting
(1) remove and sprout: 18-25 d after grafting checks whether the fringe bar of grafting sprouts, and the dead benefit that carry out in time connects；Such as discovery
There is rudiment bar to remove in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；
(2) break anvil: taking out when scion and the stock grown above is amputated in interface in time with saw when the tip is up to 15-25cm, saw
When pay attention to that scion cannot be encountered；
(3) unbind: when the long 30cm or more of the tip is taken out in scion, can with sharp knife beside scion the longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases,
Then scion is fixed with binding small wooden to fracture with Anti-blow-open；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, integrated control；It finds in time and carries out conventional physics, biology, chemical prevention.
It observes that fringe bar has 48% to sprout after carrying out 18 d of grafting according to the present embodiment engrafting method, removes rudiment bar in time,
Conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；45d after grafting, scion at this time takes out the tip and is up to 15cm, with saw in time in interface above
The stock of growth amputates, and when saw pays attention to that scion cannot be encountered.60d is as the scion pumping long 30cm or more of the tip after grafting, with sharp knife
The longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases, is then fixed scion with binding small wooden and is fractureed with Anti-blow-open beside scion.After three months
The big tree grafted is quickly formed by trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, second year tree crown starts to yield positive results on a small quantity up to 1.4 meters.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, including scion acquisition, scion processing, Root-stock selection, grafting time,
Management after engrafting method, grafting acquires annotinous branch on good results elite stand and is dehydrated, is sealed to scion as scion
After cured, chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, sprouted by removing after grafting, disconnected anvil, unbundlings, disease
Control stategy obtains the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, mainly includes following operating procedure:
(1) fringe bar acquires
Acquire that robust growth, no disease and pests harm, bud eye be full, diameter is 1.0cm's March from the scion-seed tree of robust growth
1 year raw branch, the branch under adopting are placed on dehydration 3d at indoor shady and cool ventilation；
(2) fringe bar is handled
It is cut into scion by long 35cm, is handled immediately with the sealing wax of heat fusing, scion is placed on quickly dipped one in 60 DEG C of paraffin liquids
Under, it quickly removes, so that entire branch is sealed with wax sternly, scion is put on the ground 2 h or more of spreading for cooling after sealing with wax, be allowed to be cooled to certainly
Right temperature；Then it is placed on 8 DEG C of freezer to save, storage time is no more than 3 months；
(3) grafting time
It selects big tree to be grafted in middle descending at the end of March, i.e., starts to germinate in pecan tree, partially have been pumped out young leaves
When, selection becomes a fine day or the cloudy day is grafted, and the rainy day should not be grafted；
(5) engrafting method
(1) Root-stock selection: selection life in eugonic 7 years tree greatly is grafted；
(2) stock is handled: retain branch, it is not sawed-off, and one long 10 cm wedge mouth is sawed with saw on 1.0m height trunk, it is deep
Degree reaches the one third of tree trunk size, and no more than medulla, 10 cm two long is opened in the two sides of the nearly medulla in section under saw kerf, wide
1cm takes out bark and forms discharge sump as deep as xylem；A longitudinal sectional mouth and bark is chosen loosening it is conducive on the outside of section under saw kerf
Embedding fringe；
(3) cut fringe bar: the full fringe bar of selection bud eye is grafted, and scion is whittled into the wedge shape of 4cm long with sharp grafting knife,
It is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 3cm facing directly as deep as xylem；
(4) embedding fringe: first promote liquid to impregnate 15min the scion cut healing, and promote liquid to be sprayed on stock healing
In graft union, stock then is inserted into scion, straight bevel is inside, compresses scion with the skin provoked；The healing promote liquid by
The group of following mass concentration is grouped as: 3% sucrose, 1.5% citric acid, 2.0% calcium chloride, remaining is water；
(5) it binds: being bundled with the film of width 2cm, if scion top was cut, then film is needed to seal end around to scion top
Mouthful, lateral bud will expose, not have to then bind if it is sealing wax end.
(5) managing after grafting
(1) remove and sprout: 18-25 d after grafting checks whether the fringe bar of grafting sprouts, and the dead benefit that carry out in time connects；Such as discovery
There is rudiment bar to remove in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；
(2) break anvil: taking out when scion and the stock grown above is amputated in interface in time with saw when the tip is up to 15-25cm, saw
When pay attention to that scion cannot be encountered；
(3) unbind: when the long 30cm or more of the tip is taken out in scion, can with sharp knife beside scion the longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases,
Then scion is fixed with binding small wooden to fracture with Anti-blow-open；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, integrated control；It finds in time and carries out conventional physics, biology, chemical prevention.
It observes that fringe bar has 50% to sprout after carrying out grafting 22d according to the present embodiment engrafting method, removes rudiment bar in time,
Conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；50d after grafting, scion at this time takes out the tip and is up to 18cm, with saw in time in interface above
The stock of growth amputates, and when saw pays attention to that scion cannot be encountered.60d is as the scion pumping long 30cm or more of the tip after grafting, with sharp knife
The longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases, is then fixed scion with binding small wooden and is fractureed with Anti-blow-open beside scion.After three months
The big tree grafted is quickly formed by trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, second year tree crown starts to yield positive results on a small quantity up to 1.5 meters.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, including scion acquisition, scion processing, Root-stock selection, grafting time,
Management after engrafting method, grafting acquires annotinous branch on good results elite stand and is dehydrated, is sealed to scion as scion
After cured, chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, sprouted by removing after grafting, disconnected anvil, unbundlings, disease
Control stategy obtains the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, mainly includes following operating procedure:
(1) fringe bar acquires
Acquire that robust growth, no disease and pests harm, bud eye be full, diameter is 1.5cm's March from the scion-seed tree of robust growth
1 year raw branch, the branch under adopting are placed on dehydration 3d at indoor shady and cool ventilation；
(2) fringe bar is handled
It is cut into scion by long 28cm, is handled immediately with the sealing wax of heat fusing, scion is placed on quickly dipped one in 60 DEG C of paraffin liquids
Under, it quickly removes, so that entire branch is sealed with wax sternly, scion is put on the ground 2 h or more of spreading for cooling after sealing with wax, be allowed to be cooled to certainly
Right temperature；Then it is placed on 10 DEG C of freezer to save, storage time is no more than 3 months；
(3) grafting time
It selects big tree to be grafted in middle descending at the end of March, i.e., starts to germinate in pecan tree, partially have been pumped out young leaves
When, selection becomes a fine day or the cloudy day is grafted, and the rainy day should not be grafted；
(5) engrafting method
(1) Root-stock selection: selection life in eugonic 5 years tree greatly is grafted；
(2) stock is handled: retain branch, it is not sawed-off, and one long 10 cm wedge mouth is sawed with saw on 1.2m height trunk, it is deep
Degree reaches the one third of tree trunk size, and no more than medulla, 10 cm two long is opened in the two sides of the nearly medulla in section under saw kerf, wide
1.5cm takes out bark and forms discharge sump as deep as xylem；Under saw kerf on the outside of section a longitudinal sectional mouth and bark choose loosening benefit
In embedding fringe；
(3) cut fringe bar: the full fringe bar of selection bud eye is grafted, and scion is whittled into the wedge shape of 6cm long with sharp grafting knife,
It is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 2.5cm facing directly as deep as xylem；
(4) embedding fringe: first promote liquid to impregnate 15min the scion cut healing, and promote liquid to be sprayed on stock healing
In graft union, stock then is inserted into scion, straight bevel is inside, compresses scion with the skin provoked；The healing promote liquid by
The group of following mass concentration is grouped as: 3% sucrose, 1.5% citric acid, 2.0% calcium chloride, remaining is water；
(5) it binds: being bundled with the film of width 2cm, if scion top was cut, then film is needed to seal end around to scion top
Mouthful, lateral bud will expose, not have to then bind if it is sealing wax end；
(5) managing after grafting
(1) remove and sprout: 18-25 d after grafting checks whether the fringe bar of grafting sprouts, and the dead benefit that carry out in time connects；Such as discovery
There is rudiment bar to remove in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；
(2) break anvil: taking out when scion and the stock grown above is amputated in interface in time with saw when the tip is up to 15-25cm, saw
When pay attention to that scion cannot be encountered；
(3) unbind: when the long 30cm or more of the tip is taken out in scion, can with sharp knife beside scion the longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases,
Then scion is fixed with binding small wooden to fracture with Anti-blow-open；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, integrated control；It finds in time and carries out conventional physics, biology, chemical prevention.
It observes that fringe bar has 55% to sprout after carrying out 24 d of grafting according to the present embodiment engrafting method, removes rudiment bar in time,
Conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；60d after grafting, scion at this time takes out the tip and is up to 22cm, with saw in time in interface above
The stock of growth amputates, and when saw pays attention to that scion cannot be encountered.75d is as the scion pumping long 30cm or more of the tip after grafting, with sharp knife
The longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases, is then fixed scion with binding small wooden and is fractureed with Anti-blow-open beside scion.After three months
The big tree grafted is quickly formed by trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, second year tree crown starts to yield positive results on a small quantity up to 1.5 meters.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of pecan tree is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, it is characterised in that: including scion acquisition, scion processing, stock
Management after selection, grafting time, engrafting method, grafting acquires annotinous branch on good results elite stand and docks as scion
Fringe is dehydrated, wax sealing, after chilling treatment, in the grafted cucumber that suitable season is set greatly, by after grafting except sprouting, break
Anvil, unbundlings, disease control management obtain the big tree of pecan tree excellent variety, mainly include following operating procedure:
(1) fringe bar acquires
Acquire 1 year full raw branch of robust growth, bud eye March from the scion-seed tree of robust growth, the branch under adopting is put
2-3d is dehydrated at shady and cool ventilation indoors；
(2) fringe bar is handled
It is cut into scion by long 25-35 cm, is handled immediately with the sealing wax of heat fusing, scion is placed on 60 DEG C of paraffin liquid middling speeds
It dips in, quickly removes, so that entire branch is sealed with wax sternly, scion is put on the ground 2 h or more of spreading for cooling after sealing with wax, is allowed to cool down
To natural temperature；Then cellar or shady place are placed on or 5-10 DEG C of freezer saves, storage time is no more than 3 months；
(3) grafting time
Grafting period is carried out in late March to early and middle ten days in April, i.e., starts to germinate in pecan tree, is partially had been pumped out new
Ye Shi, selection becomes a fine day or the cloudy day is grafted, and the rainy day should not be grafted；
(4) engrafting method
(1) Root-stock selection: the raw big tree of eugonic 4-10 is selected to be grafted；
(2) stock is handled: retain branch, it is not sawed-off, and one long 10-15 cm contract is sawed with saw on 1.0-1.5m height trunk
Shape mouth, depth reach the one third of tree trunk size, and no more than medulla, the two sides of the nearly medulla in section are opened two long by 10 under saw kerf
Cm, wide 1- 2cm take out bark and form discharge sump as deep as xylem；A longitudinal sectional mouth and bark is chosen on the outside of section under saw kerf
It loosens and is conducive to embedding fringe；
(3) cut fringe bar: the full fringe bar of selection bud eye is grafted, and scion is whittled into the wedge of 4-6cm long with sharp grafting knife
Shape is whittled into 45 degree of inclined-plane in the lower end in lateral bud face, and lateral bud is ipsilateral to cut long 2-3cm facing directly as deep as xylem；
(4) embedding fringe: first promote liquid to impregnate 15min the scion cut healing, and promote liquid to be sprayed on stock healing
In graft union, stock then is inserted into scion, straight bevel is inside, compresses scion with the skin provoked；The healing promote liquid by
The group of following mass concentration is grouped as: 3% sucrose, 1.5% citric acid, 2.0% calcium chloride, remaining is water；
(5) it binds: being bundled with the film of width 2-3cm, if scion top was cut, then film is needed to seal end around to scion top
Mouthful, lateral bud will expose, not have to then bind if it is sealing wax end；
(5) managing after grafting
(1) remove and sprout: 18-25d after grafting checks whether the fringe bar of grafting sprouts, and the dead benefit that carry out in time connects；Such as discovery
There is rudiment bar to remove in time, conducive to the pumping tip of scion and growth；
(2) break anvil: taking out when scion and the stock grown above is amputated in interface in time with saw when the tip is up to 15-25cm, saw
When pay attention to that scion cannot be encountered；
(3) unbind: when the long 30cm or more of the tip is taken out in scion, can with sharp knife beside scion the longitudinal sectional disconnected film tied up of imposing uniformity without examining individual cases,
Then scion is fixed with binding small wooden to fracture with Anti-blow-open；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: aiming at prevention, integrated control；It finds in time and carries out conventional physics, biology, chemical prevention.
2. a kind of pecan tree according to claim 1 is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat, it is characterised in that: step (1)
The branch is acquisition robust growth, no disease and pests harm, bud eye are full, diameter is 1.0-1.5cm on result elite stand 1
Year life branch.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110192489A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of crataegus jingxiensis Li is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat |
| CN110235626A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-09-17 | 潘文鋆 | A kind of method that numerous bergamot pear is expanded in scale |
| CN110876307A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for dwarfing Chinese chestnut |
| CN112075282A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 河池市林业科学研究院(河池市核桃研究所) | Inverted grafting skin-belly grafting method for crown replacement of walnut big tree |
| CN114391413A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Rapid cultivation method of durian seedlings |
| CN116267268A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Abdomen abutting method for apocarya growing season |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110192489A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of crataegus jingxiensis Li is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat |
| CN110235626A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-09-17 | 潘文鋆 | A kind of method that numerous bergamot pear is expanded in scale |
| CN110876307A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for dwarfing Chinese chestnut |
| CN112075282A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 河池市林业科学研究院(河池市核桃研究所) | Inverted grafting skin-belly grafting method for crown replacement of walnut big tree |
| CN114391413A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Rapid cultivation method of durian seedlings |
| CN116267268A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Abdomen abutting method for apocarya growing season |
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