CN106358631A - Method for cultivating snowflake pear tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating a snowflake pear tree. The method aims to large-area cultivation of snowflake pear trees, practices of the method show that a good effect can be achieved, and pears cultivated by using the method are large in size, delicious in taste, and relatively high in nutrient value. The method is characterized by reasonably densely planting the snowflake pear trees according to characteristics of soil, applying a base fertilizer when pits are dug, implementing topdressing in a growth period at proper time, generally implementing topdressing for three times, that is, a first time of fertilization after flowering, a second time of fruit expansion fertilization, and a third time of fertilization after fruit harvesting, and meanwhile, implementing the following operation: 1, thinning flower buds at the beginning of a year; 2, shaping the pear trees; 3, preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of the pear trees; and 4, harvesting mature pears at appropriate time.

Description

The cultural method of snowflake pear tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of snowflake pear tree.

Background technology

Pears are Rosaceae Pyrus L, and the kind of domestic cultivation has Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim, Pyrus bretschneideri, Nashi Pear, bartlett pear and Xinjiang pears.Wherein Pyrus bretschneideri is suitable to cryodesiccated climatic cultivation, and the weather conditions that bartlett pear requires are close with Pyrus bretschneideri, is suitable to cultivate in Northern Area of Huaihe River.In vain Improved seeds in pears system mainly have pear, Chi pears, Chinese pear, the white Suli pear in Dangshan etc., in Huaibei ancient riverbed of the Yellow River area and river The logical salt regional representation of Soviet Union is good.The invention provides a kind of cultural method of snowflake pear tree.Snowflake pear tree, deciduous tree, first leaf Bloom, pear flesh succulence, nutritious, tasty；Spring flower is snow-white, and autumn leaves is red gorgeous, has good sight；Timber is hard thin Cause, material is excellent, has extremely wide purposes, is one of principal item of China pear tree, its fruit, in addition to eating raw, also can be processed Canned food, pear wine, pears are done, preserved pears etc..This pear tree result is early, and general 2-3 starts result, and 6-7 just can enter the best fruiting period, adapts to Property strong, easily, no matter mountain region, field, beach all can be planted, and yielding ability is good for cultivation, substantially no biennial bearing phenomenon, every mu of the best fruiting period Can stablize in more than 2000kg, life-span length, typically up to more than 30 years, for up to 80-100.Chinese pear nutritive value is higher, More than containing 80% moisture, sugar content, mostly more than 8%, at most up to 20%, also contains protein, fat, carbon aquation Compound, calcium, phosphorus, ferrum, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid etc..Be human consumption main fruit it One.

Content of the invention

Present invention mainly solves problem be that a kind of method of establishing in large scale snowflake pear tree is provided, the method through practice inspection Test, respond well.Theatre to first be selected during plantation pear tree, planting density is determined according to different terrain, plot, in order to early stage is high Produce, preferably take plan dense planting, seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m or 2.5m × 4m, dig cave, general soil, cave diameter by seeding row spacing fixed point About 0.8m, deep 0.6m.First put into 0.3m about Caulis et Folium Oryzae, and table soil added step on tight, apply 8 kilograms of composite organic-inorganic fertilizer and soil Mixing is inserted, and makes steamed bread shape.Need before plantation for thick for pears Seedling root to cut out 2-3cm, promote new root to occur, at grafting, thin film needs to solve Remove, in order to avoid impact mobile jib growth.During plantation, graft union needs open country face 5-10cm, steady and sure rhizosphere soil, pours water immediately.In the fall Once ploughed deeply to before winter fallen leaves and improved the soil, its method is to take next year wheel to turn over, and opens depth in the both sides of source points within 1,3,5 years 0.8m, wide 0.5m about zanjon, open zanjon in another both sides within 2,4,6 years, in conjunction with applying base manure.It is usually to produce 100kg melonidum Need fertilizer 100kg+3kg phosphate fertilizer or 20 kilograms of composite organic-inorganic fertilizer less, to improve yield and quality；In addition to base manure, giving birth to Also should topdress for a long time, general requirement is topdressed 3 times in good time, fertilizer after spending for the first time, the time is mid or late April, promotes shoot and leaf growth, flower Bud differentiation and Fruit；Second Fruit is fertile, late May time-early June；Third time is fertile, under time August after adopting In ten days-mid-September, increase leaf color, extend leaf longevity, recover tree vigo(u)r.Foliage top dressing can apply appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in conjunction with spray Deng fertile, can be only achieved high and stable yield.

Beneficial effect: snowflake pear tree can be made to grow up strong and sturdy, and can produce and there emerged a delicious greatly high-quality Chinese pear.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment:

The management of Cheng Shu:

1. want flower thinning bud at the beginning of the year, in the winter time prune when dredge excessive bud, skeleton branch with every 20cm about distance stay The density of one bud is advisable, and retains leaf bud.If the work of flower thinning bud is not carried out during winter pruning, flower thinning can be carried out before flowering Flower bud is remedied, thin flower bud Standard General in 25cm about retain an alabastrum.Thin flower bud principle is: dredge weak stay strong, dredge little stay big, density stays Dredge, stay under dredging, remove slow alabastrum of sprouting；Also need fruit thinning after thin flower bud, should be according to tree vigo(u)r, florescence, weather depending on, Hua Liang Many, tree vigo(u)r is weak, high should early the dredging of Fruit-setting rate, and the few treelet of flower amount, Wang Shu should dredge or few thin late, and its principle is that each fruit should have Standby 30 blades.

2.: the shaping of pear tree, according to the difference of the age of tree, edaphic condition, being beneficial to result is principle, can take multiple trees Shape, typically has evacuation layering shape, the happy shape of many trunks, many major branches globular model etc..Pruning to Young pear trees should lack sparse branching, put more Branch, to firstfruits tree it is noted that cultivation results branch group, the prolongation secateurs of master branch stays length to shorten year by year.Pear tree large result Afterwards, skeleton branch is easily sagging, should raise prolongation branch angle, as overstocked in interior thorax, need to remove or cutting back overstocked auxiliary support branch, such as bear fruit Excessively, branch is sagging, using bamboo stem perpendicular in the middle of tree crown, descending branch equably can be lifted to surrounding.

3. pear tree main diseases and insect pests have: pear fruit borer, aphid, red spider, pear sucker, stinkbug, leaf mining tick, scab Deng.Preventing and treating time and prophylactico-therapeutic measuress are respectively: early spring to bud expands front cleaning orchard and scrapes bark, in tree lower berth Polypropylence Sheet, Then by trunk and bough stick up skin, rough bark scrapes, but can not injure the epidermis of new life, to slightly vertical Pi Yaoxi branch at Scrape, the bark scraping and larva, worm's ovum etc. are concentrated buried or burns.Hit the upper dead leaf of tree and residual dry fruit down, and will be withered under tree Branch fallen leaves clean out orchard and destroy, finally tree 3～5 degree of lime sulfurs of spray 1 time entirely.First quarter moon before blooming, pours water 1 time.Bud expands To before bloom, with 1500 times of decis admixing medical solutions once, spraying uniformly will be sprayed onto branch for example little for full tree 800 times of omethoates of spray Drench with rain wet.Full-bloom stage, full tree whole flower sprays 0.4% Borax and 0.4% carbamide and 0.6% white sugar mixed liquor, can effectively facilitate flower Piece fruit-setting rate.After fallen flowers 15 days, full tree 800 times of carbendazim of spray and 1000 times of effective cypermethrin admixing medical solutions 1 time.Main prevention Scab, the mould heart and chafer, stinkbug etc..As added 1500 times of imidacloprids of spray, leaf mining tick, wood louse and aphid simultaneous can be controlled.

4. timely collecting is the important ring improving Chinese pear fruit quality.Opportunity should rest in peel and is changed into from crineous Yellowish-brown, meat by thick, cirrhosis is thin, crisp, switchs to sweet taste by acid, seed is light brown by switching in vain, can as start harvest mark Accurate.Harvesting will be accomplished by stages and in groups, first to adopt big fruit, and after 10 days, fruitlet can be gradually increased, then row harvesting.To accomplish light during harvesting Adopt, put down gently, guarantor's leaf will be carried out simultaneously, protect branch work.

Multiple modifications to these embodiments will be apparent from for those skilled in the art, herein Defined General Principle can be realized without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of cultural method of snowflake pear tree it is characterised in that: selected theatre, determine seeding row spacing be 2m × 3m or 2.5m × 4m, by seeding row spacing fixed point dig cave, cave diameter about 0.8m, deep 0.6m, first put into 0.3m about Caulis et Folium Oryzae, and by table soil add step on Tightly, apply 8 kilograms of composite organic-inorganic fertilizer and mix with soil and insert.Need before plantation for thick for pears Seedling root to cut out 2-3cm, promote new root to send out Raw, at grafting, thin film needs to release, and during plantation, graft union needs open country face 5-10cm, steady and sure rhizosphere soil, pours water immediately.In the fall Once ploughed deeply to before winter fallen leaves and improved the soil, its method is to take next year wheel to turn over, and opens depth in the both sides of source points within 1,3,5 years 0.8m, wide 0.5m about zanjon, open zanjon in another both sides within 2,4,6 years, in conjunction with applying base manure.It is usually to produce 100kg melonidum Need fertilizer 100kg+3kg phosphate fertilizer less.In addition to base manure, also should topdress in trophophase, general requirement is topdressed 3 times, for the first time in good time Hua Houfei；Second Fruit is fertile；Third time is fertile after adopting.Foliage top dressing can apply the fertilizer such as appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in conjunction with spray, Can be only achieved high and stable yield.

2. the cultural method of a kind of snowflake pear tree according to claim 1, its first step is characterised by: will dredge at the beginning of the year Bud, skeleton branch with every 20cm about distance stay the density of a bud to be advisable, retain leaf bud.If flower thinning bud work during winter pruning Do not carry out, flower thinning flower bud can be carried out and remedy before flowering, thin flower bud Standard General in 25cm about retain an alabastrum.Thin flower bud is former Be then: dredge weak stay strong, dredge little stay big, density stays thin, stays, remove slow alabastrum of sprouting, also need fruit thinning after thin flower bud under dredging, its Principle is that each fruit should possess 30 blades.

3. the cultural method of a kind of snowflake pear tree according to claim 1, its second step is characterised by: pear tree whole Shape, according to the difference of the age of tree, edaphic condition, being beneficial to result is principle, can take multiple tree-like, typically has evacuation layering shape, The happy shape of many trunks, many major branches globular model etc..

4. the cultural method of a kind of snowflake pear tree according to claim 1, its 3rd step is characterised by: snowflake pear tree master Want the preventing and treating time of pest and disease damage and the prophylactico-therapeutic measuress to be respectively: early spring to bud expand before cleaning orchard and scrape bark, by scrape Bark and larva, worm's ovum etc. are concentrated buried or are burnt.Then tree spray 3-5 degree lime sulfur 1 time entirely.First quarter moon before blooming, pours water 1 Secondary.Bud expands to before bloom full tree 800 times of omethoates of spray with 1500 times of decis admixing medical solutions once, and spraying will be uniformly. Full-bloom stage, full tree whole flower sprays 0.4% Borax and 0.4% carbamide and 0.6% white sugar mixed liquor, can effectively facilitate flower and bear fruit Rate.After fallen flowers 15 days, full tree 800 times of carbendazim of spray and 1000 times of effective cypermethrin admixing medical solutions 1 time.

5. the cultural method of a kind of snowflake pear tree according to claim 1.Its 4th step is characterised by: timely collecting is Improve an important ring of Chinese pear fruit quality, opportunity should rest in peel and be changed into yellowish-brown from crineous, and meat is by thick, cirrhosis Carefully, crisp, sweet taste is switched to by acid, seed is light brown by switching in vain, can be used as the standard starting harvesting.Harvesting will be accomplished to divide by stages Batch, first adopt big fruit, fruitlet can be gradually increased after 10 days, then row harvesting.To accomplish during harvesting gently to adopt, put down gently, will carry out simultaneously Protect leaf, protect branch work.