CN110833016A - Vegetable seed grading cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN110833016A CN110833016A CN201911253115.0A CN201911253115A CN110833016A CN 110833016 A CN110833016 A CN 110833016A CN 201911253115 A CN201911253115 A CN 201911253115A CN 110833016 A CN110833016 A CN 110833016A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable seed grading cultivation method which comprises the procedures of building a cultivation frame, filling soil, applying base fertilizer, cultivating seeds, grading seedling, breeding a seedbed, sowing and raising seedlings and the like. The seeds in the same batch are sown in the cultivation pot of the established cultivation frame, the seeds in the batch with the same germination percentage at the same time are moved to the cultivation frame layer of the same level together with the cultivation pot, then the cultivation is continued, the seeds in the cultivation pot are sequentially divided according to the level, and when the seeds of the same level meet the seedling cultivation requirement, the seeds are sown and cultivated on the seedling cultivation bed; the invention can sow the seeds of the same batch according to grades, improve the seedling rate and the growth condition of the seeds of the same batch, divide the good and unsmooth seedlings, and sow and raise the seedlings when the seeds meet the seedling demand, thereby improving the seed cultivation rate, reducing the seed loss rate, and improving the yield and the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a vegetable seed grading cultivation method.
Background
The existing vegetable planting still adopts a static greenhouse or static ground planting, mainly depends on manual work, assists simple mechanical equipment and has low automation degree. Meanwhile, due to the nature of natural growth of vegetables, the whole growth process of the vegetables is influenced by factors such as soil, temperature, illumination, climate and the like, the planting environment is very complex, the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests is very high, particularly in summer in southern areas, vegetables which are not used for pesticide cannot grow normally at all, a large amount of pesticide is left on the vegetables, and the health of people is seriously harmed.
Based on this, patent application number CN201711119807.7 provides a vegetable seed cultivation method, which relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. The invention comprises the following steps: leveling land; applying a base fertilizer; cultivating seeds; seedling raising; reasonably close planting; scientifically fertilizing; harvesting at proper time. The method has the advantages of convenient operation, greatly improving the yield and quality, reducing the cost and improving the economic benefit. However, in the seed cultivation process, the seeds to be treated are selected and weighed, and humic acid powder with the particle size of less than 40 meshes is prepared for cultivation, the seeds which are easy to carry chemical components of the humic acid powder in the process influence the problem of soil pollution in the later planting process of the seeds, moreover, the whole seed cultivation is a conventional planting means in a normal environment, the method of the invention cannot be applied to some seeds which need to be sown according to seasons, and the screening rate of the seeds by the cultivation of the humic acid powder is high, so that the overall cultivation rate of the seeds is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vegetable seed grading cultivation method, which can improve the cultivation rate of seeds, reduce the seed loss rate, improve the yield and economic benefit and solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a vegetable seed grading cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a culture rack: constructing cultivation frames in a ladder shape with the gradient of 15 degrees, the length of 15cm and the height of 10cm, and establishing cultivation pots with the row spacing of 2-3cm in each layer of cultivation frame;
s2: filling soil: selecting soil after the first rain in the season, loosening, keeping the dry humidity of 60%, and burying to 3/4 th position of cultivated sponge;
s3: applying a base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer according to 10% of the weight of the landfill soil for the first time, and excavating spacing holes in the soil on the surface of the cultivation container after the fertilizer application is finished;
s4: seed cultivation: sowing vegetable seeds into spacing holes dug in soil of cultivation container in S3, filling surface soil, maintaining porosity, and cultivating for 7-8 days in 15-25 deg. environment;
s5: and (3) seedling culture in grades: observing the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns in the S4, transferring cultivated thorns which sprout at the same time or have similar sprouting rates to the cultivating frames on the same layer, and transferring cultivated thorns which do not sprout or do not sprout to the cultivating frames on the other layer in a grading manner, thereby grading the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns; applying fertilizer every 5-7 days, wherein the weight of the fertilizer is 5% of the weight of the soil;
s6: a breeding seedbed: selecting a flat land with good drainage, less weeds and rich fertilizer, and applying fertilizer comprehensively;
s7: sowing and seedling raising: and selecting superior seedling buds in the graded seedling culture for transplanting and planting in 3-4 months.
Further, the cultivation shelf in S1 is constructed in a ladder type with 3-7 layers, and is classified into 1-7 levels, each layer having 10-15 cultivation cages.
Furthermore, the cultivating pot is movably arranged on the cultivating frame.
Furthermore, the cultivation container is a disposable polyvinyl fluoride plastic component.
Further, the preparation process of the base fertilizer in the S3 is as follows: dissolving oxalic acid in water, wherein the mass ratio of the oxalic acid to the water is 2: and 5, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture into the livestock and poultry manure, uniformly mixing, stacking for 3-5 days, soaking and extracting and chelating heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure by oxalic acid by adopting a chemical leaching method, dehydrating the treated livestock and poultry manure by using a sludge dehydrator, removing the wastewater containing the heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure, and obtaining the base fertilizer for cultivating seeds with the water content of 45-55%.
Further, the seed cultivation process in S4 includes a seed pretreatment: soaking a proper amount of vegetable seeds for 30min at normal temperature, then soaking the seeds for 15min by using a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, soaking and stirring, fully cleaning the seeds by using clear water after soaking, flatly spreading and wrapping the seeds by using gauze, drying the seeds for 10min in an oven at the temperature of 50 ℃, and taking out the seeds for later use.
Further, S7 is sown and cultivated together with the cultivated cabbage and buried in the land.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a vegetable seed grading cultivation method, which comprises the steps of sowing seeds of the same batch in a cultivation container of an established cultivation frame, moving the seeds of the same batch with the cultivation container to a cultivation frame layer of the same level aiming at the germination rate at the same time, continuing cultivation, sequentially dividing the seeds in the cultivation container according to the level, and sowing and cultivating the seeds to a seedling cultivation bed when the seeds of the same level meet the seedling cultivation requirement; the invention can sow the seeds of the same batch according to grades, improve the seedling rate and the growth condition of the seeds of the same batch, divide the good and unsmooth seedlings, and sow and raise the seedlings when the seeds meet the seedling demand, thereby improving the seed cultivation rate, reducing the seed loss rate, and improving the yield and the economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural layout of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a layout diagram of three structures according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the cultivation shelf is constructed in a ladder type into three layers, and is divided into 1-3 levels, each layer having 15 cultivation loops.
In the embodiment of the invention: the provided vegetable seed grading cultivation method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing a culture rack: constructing cultivation frames in a ladder shape with the gradient of 15 degrees, the length of 15cm and the height of 10cm, and establishing cultivation pots with the row spacing of 2-3cm in each layer of cultivation frame;
the second step is that: filling soil: soil after the first rain in the season is selected to be loosened, the humidity is kept at 60%, and the soil is filled to 3/4 sites of the cultivation pot, so that nutrients in the soil are not contained, and meanwhile, sufficient fermentation space is provided for filling the soil into the cultivation pot;
the third step: applying a base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer according to 10% of the weight of the landfill soil for the first time, and excavating spacing holes in the soil on the surface of the cultivation container after the fertilizer application is finished so as to ensure that microorganisms in the soil perform aerobic respiration;
the fourth step: seed cultivation: sowing vegetable seeds into the spacing holes dug in the soil of the cultivating pot in the third step, filling the soil with a flat surface, keeping the looseness, and cultivating for 7-8 days in an environment of 15-25 ℃;
the fifth step: and (3) seedling culture in grades: observing the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns in the S4, transferring cultivated thorns which sprout at the same time or have similar sprouting rates to the cultivating frames on the same layer, and transferring cultivated thorns which do not sprout or do not sprout to the cultivating frames on the other layer in a grading manner, thereby grading the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns; applying fertilizer every 6 days, wherein the weight of the fertilizer is 5% of the weight of the soil;
and a sixth step: a breeding seedbed: selecting a flat land with good drainage, less weeds and rich fertilizer, and applying fertilizer comprehensively;
the seventh step: sowing and seedling raising: superior seedling buds in the graded seedling culture are selected to be transplanted and field-planted in 3-4 months, the seeding seedling culture and the cultivating medium are buried in the land together, and the cultivating medium is a plastic component made of disposable polyvinyl fluoride and can be degraded with the soil synchronously, so that the purpose of environmental protection is achieved.
In the above embodiment, the cultivation container is movably arranged on the cultivation frame, so that the cultivation container can be reasonably moved according to different germination conditions of seeds in the cultivation process, and seedlings which can grow in the same batch can be cultivated.
In the above embodiment, the preparation process of the base fertilizer in step three is as follows: dissolving oxalic acid in water, wherein the mass ratio of the oxalic acid to the water is 2: 5, uniformly mixing and spraying the mixture in livestock and poultry manure, uniformly mixing and stacking for 3-5 days, soaking and extracting and chelating heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure by using oxalic acid by adopting a chemical leaching method, dehydrating the treated livestock and poultry manure by using a sludge dehydrator, removing wastewater containing the heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure, and obtaining a base fertilizer for cultivating seeds, wherein the base fertilizer has the water content of 45-55%, can provide organic matters and inorganic elements, is rich in medium and trace elements, achieves the effects of improving soil, improving fertilizer efficiency, increasing yield of crops and improving quality of the crops, and can avoid pollution and harm to human caused by the heavy metals and the toxic substances of the antibiotics.
In the above embodiment, the seed cultivation process in the fourth step includes a seed pretreatment: soaking a proper amount of vegetable seeds for 30min at normal temperature, then soaking the seeds for 15min by using a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, soaking and stirring, fully cleaning the seeds by using clear water after soaking, flatly spreading and wrapping the seeds by using gauze, drying the seeds for 10min in an oven at 50 ℃, and taking out the seeds for later use to improve the germination rate of the seeds.
Example two:
referring to fig. 2, the cultivation shelf is constructed into seven layers in a ladder type, and is divided into 1-7 levels, each layer having 10 cultivation baskets.
The vegetable seed grading cultivation method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing a culture rack: the cultivation frames are constructed in a ladder shape with the gradient of 15 degrees, the length of 15cm and the height of 10cm, cultivation pots with the row spacing of 2-3cm are built in each layer of cultivation frame, and are movably arranged on the cultivation frames, so that the cultivation pots can be reasonably moved according to different germination conditions of seeds in the cultivation process, and seedlings which can grow in the same batch can be cultivated;
the second step is that: filling soil: soil after the first rain in the season is selected to be loosened, the humidity is kept at 60%, and the soil is filled to 3/4 sites of the cultivation pot, so that nutrients in the soil are not contained, and meanwhile, sufficient fermentation space is provided for filling the soil into the cultivation pot;
the third step: applying a base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer according to 10% of the weight of the landfill soil for the first time, and excavating spacing holes in the soil on the surface of the cultivation container after the fertilizer application is finished so as to ensure that microorganisms in the soil perform aerobic respiration; the preparation process of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: dissolving oxalic acid in water, wherein the mass ratio of the oxalic acid to the water is 2: 5, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture into livestock and poultry manure, uniformly mixing, stacking for 3-5 days, soaking, extracting and chelating heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure by using oxalic acid by adopting a chemical leaching method, dehydrating the treated livestock and poultry manure by using a sludge dehydrator, removing wastewater containing the heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure, and obtaining a base fertilizer for cultivating seeds, wherein the base fertilizer has the water content of 45-55%, can provide organic matters and inorganic elements, is rich in medium and trace elements, achieves the effects of improving soil, improving fertilizer efficiency, increasing yield of crops and improving quality of the crops, and can avoid pollution and harm to human caused by heavy metals and antibiotic toxic substances;
the fourth step: seed cultivation: sowing vegetable seeds into the spacing holes dug in the soil of the cultivating pot in the third step, filling the soil with a flat surface, keeping the looseness, and cultivating for 7-8 days in an environment of 15-25 ℃; the seed cultivation process comprises the following steps of seed pretreatment: soaking a proper amount of vegetable seeds at normal temperature for 30min, then soaking the seeds for 15min by using a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, soaking and stirring the seeds while soaking, fully cleaning the seeds by using clear water after soaking, flatly spreading and wrapping the seeds by using gauze, drying the seeds for 10min in an oven at 50 ℃, and taking out the seeds for later use to improve the germination rate of the seeds;
the fifth step: and (3) seedling culture in grades: observing the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns in the S4, transferring cultivated thorns which sprout at the same time or have similar sprouting rates to the cultivating frames on the same layer, and transferring cultivated thorns which do not sprout or do not sprout to the cultivating frames on the other layer in a grading manner, thereby grading the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns; applying fertilizer every 6 days, wherein the weight of the fertilizer is 5% of the weight of the soil;
and a sixth step: a breeding seedbed: selecting a flat land with good drainage, less weeds and rich fertilizer, and applying fertilizer comprehensively;
the seventh step: sowing and seedling raising: superior seedling buds in the graded seedling culture are selected to be transplanted and field-planted in 3-4 months, the seeding seedling culture and the cultivating medium are buried in the land together, and the cultivating medium is a plastic component made of disposable polyvinyl fluoride and can be degraded with the soil synchronously, so that the purpose of environmental protection is achieved.
Example three:
referring to fig. 3, the cultivation shelf is constructed into five layers in a ladder shape, and is divided into 1-5 levels, each layer having 12 cultivation baskets.
The vegetable seed grading cultivation method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing a culture rack: the cultivation frames are constructed in a ladder shape with the gradient of 15 degrees, the length of 15cm and the height of 10cm, cultivation pots with the row spacing of 2-3cm are built in each layer of cultivation frame, and are movably arranged on the cultivation frames, so that the cultivation pots can be reasonably moved according to different germination conditions of seeds in the cultivation process, and seedlings which can grow in the same batch can be cultivated;
the second step is that: filling soil: soil after the first rain in the season is selected to be loosened, the humidity is kept at 60%, and the soil is filled to 3/4 sites of the cultivation pot, so that nutrients in the soil are not contained, and meanwhile, sufficient fermentation space is provided for filling the soil into the cultivation pot;
the third step: applying a base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer according to 10% of the weight of the landfill soil for the first time, and excavating spacing holes in the soil on the surface of the cultivation container after the fertilizer application is finished so as to ensure that microorganisms in the soil perform aerobic respiration; the preparation process of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: dissolving oxalic acid in water, wherein the mass ratio of the oxalic acid to the water is 2: 5, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture into livestock and poultry manure, uniformly mixing, stacking for 3-5 days, soaking, extracting and chelating heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure by using oxalic acid by adopting a chemical leaching method, dehydrating the treated livestock and poultry manure by using a sludge dehydrator, removing wastewater containing the heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure, and obtaining a base fertilizer for cultivating seeds, wherein the base fertilizer has the water content of 45-55%, can provide organic matters and inorganic elements, is rich in medium and trace elements, achieves the effects of improving soil, improving fertilizer efficiency, increasing yield of crops and improving quality of the crops, and can avoid pollution and harm to human caused by heavy metals and antibiotic toxic substances;
the fourth step: seed cultivation: sowing vegetable seeds into the spacing holes dug in the soil of the cultivating pot in the third step, filling the soil with a flat surface, keeping the looseness, and cultivating for 7-8 days in an environment of 15-25 ℃; the seed cultivation process comprises the following steps of seed pretreatment: soaking a proper amount of vegetable seeds at normal temperature for 30min, then soaking the seeds for 15min by using a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, soaking and stirring the seeds while soaking, fully cleaning the seeds by using clear water after soaking, flatly spreading and wrapping the seeds by using gauze, drying the seeds for 10min in an oven at 50 ℃, and taking out the seeds for later use to improve the germination rate of the seeds;
the fifth step: and (3) seedling culture in grades: observing the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns in the S4, transferring cultivated thorns which sprout at the same time or have similar sprouting rates to the cultivating frames on the same layer, and transferring cultivated thorns which do not sprout or do not sprout to the cultivating frames on the other layer in a grading manner, thereby grading the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns; applying fertilizer every 6 days, wherein the weight of the fertilizer is 5% of the weight of the soil;
and a sixth step: a breeding seedbed: selecting a flat land with good drainage, less weeds and rich fertilizer, and applying fertilizer comprehensively;
the seventh step: sowing and seedling raising: superior seedling buds in the graded seedling culture are selected to be transplanted and field-planted in 3-4 months, the seeding seedling culture and the cultivating medium are buried in the land together, and the cultivating medium is a plastic component made of disposable polyvinyl fluoride and can be degraded with the soil synchronously, so that the purpose of environmental protection is achieved.
In summary, the following steps: the invention provides a vegetable seed grading cultivation method, which comprises the steps of sowing seeds of the same batch in a cultivation container of an established cultivation frame, moving the seeds of the same batch with the cultivation container to a cultivation frame layer of the same level aiming at the germination rate at the same time, continuing cultivation, sequentially dividing the seeds in the cultivation container according to the level, and sowing and cultivating the seeds to a seedling cultivation bed when the seeds of the same level meet the seedling cultivation requirement; the invention can sow the seeds of the same batch according to grades, improve the seedling rate and the growth condition of the seeds of the same batch, divide the good and unsmooth seedlings, and sow and raise the seedlings when the seeds meet the seedling demand, thereby improving the seed cultivation rate, reducing the seed loss rate, and improving the yield and the economic benefit.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A vegetable seed grading cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing a culture rack: constructing cultivation frames in a ladder shape with the gradient of 15 degrees, the length of 15cm and the height of 10cm, and establishing cultivation pots with the row spacing of 2-3cm in each layer of cultivation frame;
s2: filling soil: selecting soil after the first rain in the season, loosening, keeping the dry humidity of 60%, and burying to 3/4 th position of cultivated sponge;
s3: applying a base fertilizer: applying base fertilizer according to 10% of the weight of the landfill soil for the first time, and excavating spacing holes in the soil on the surface of the cultivation container after the fertilizer application is finished;
s4: seed cultivation: sowing vegetable seeds into spacing holes dug in soil of cultivation container in S3, filling surface soil, maintaining porosity, and cultivating for 7-8 days in 15-25 deg. environment;
s5: and (3) seedling culture in grades: observing the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns in the S4, transferring cultivated thorns which sprout at the same time or have similar sprouting rates to the cultivating frames on the same layer, and transferring cultivated thorns which do not sprout or do not sprout to the cultivating frames on the other layer in a grading manner, thereby grading the sprouting conditions of the seeds in the cultivated thorns; applying fertilizer every 5-7 days, wherein the weight of the fertilizer is 5% of the weight of the soil;
s6: a breeding seedbed: selecting a flat land with good drainage, less weeds and rich fertilizer, and applying fertilizer comprehensively;
s7: sowing and seedling raising: and selecting superior seedling buds in the graded seedling culture for transplanting and planting in 3-4 months.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation shelves of S1 are constructed in a ladder type configuration with 3-7 layers and are classified into 1-7 levels, each having 10-15 cultivation shelves.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the cultivating medium is movably disposed on the cultivating frame.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cultivation medium is a disposable polyvinyl fluoride plastic member.
5. The method for cultivating vegetable seeds in grades as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the base fertilizer in S3 is as follows: dissolving oxalic acid in water, wherein the mass ratio of the oxalic acid to the water is 2: and 5, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture into the livestock and poultry manure, uniformly mixing, stacking for 3-5 days, soaking and extracting and chelating heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure by oxalic acid by adopting a chemical leaching method, dehydrating the treated livestock and poultry manure by using a sludge dehydrator, removing the wastewater containing the heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure, and obtaining the base fertilizer for cultivating seeds with the water content of 45-55%.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of cultivating the vegetable seeds in S4 comprises the steps of pre-treating the vegetable seeds: soaking a proper amount of vegetable seeds for 30min at normal temperature, then soaking the seeds for 15min by using a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, soaking and stirring, fully cleaning the seeds by using clear water after soaking, flatly spreading and wrapping the seeds by using gauze, drying the seeds for 10min in an oven at the temperature of 50 ℃, and taking out the seeds for later use.
7. The method of cultivating a vegetable seed according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings of S7 are sown and planted in the ground together with the cultivating medium.
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