CN111642340A - Quinoa cultivation and planting method - Google Patents
Quinoa cultivation and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642340A CN111642340A CN202010703669.2A CN202010703669A CN111642340A CN 111642340 A CN111642340 A CN 111642340A CN 202010703669 A CN202010703669 A CN 202010703669A CN 111642340 A CN111642340 A CN 111642340A
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- 240000006162 Chenopodium quinoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000015493 Chenopodium quinoa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxydecanoyloxy]decanoic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC1C(OC(CC(=O)OC(CCCCCCC)CC(O)=O)CCCCCCC)OC(C)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940068065 phytosterols Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
Abstract
The invention discloses a quinoa cultivation and planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1 seed selection; s2, selecting a seedling raising plate; s3 sterilizing the seedling raising tray; s4 seed disinfection; s5 constant temperature germination; s6, preparing a seedling culture substrate; s7 filling the matrix; s8 seedling and sowing; s9 greenhouse management; s10 outplanting; s11 soil preparation; s12 sowing; s13 fertilizing; s14 irrigating; and S15 harvesting. Through choosing high-quality, healthy seed and disinfecting that disinfects, and adopt the thermostated container to carry out the vernalization, cultivate the quinoa seed in educating the seedling tray through the matrix of being equipped with, adopt a cave one seed, improve the seed survival rate, educate the seedling tray and arrange the big-arch shelter in, control big-arch shelter temperature makes the quinoa seed obtain well-growing, thereby grow out healthy seedling, improve the seedling rate, and educate the seedling that the seedling tray cultivated and also suitably transport, be convenient for move to transport to planting and fill out, the seedling is transplanted to the field, promote the mature of quinoa growth through reasonable field management, the yield of quinoa is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a quinoa cultivation and planting method.
Background
The quinoa is rich in vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins and phytosterols, and has various health effects. Quinoa is high in protein, unsaturated fatty acid in fat of quinoa accounts for 83%, and the quinoa is a low-fructose and low-glucose food which can exert beneficial effects in a glycolipid metabolism process, is a novel Chinese food crop, but the yield of the quinoa in the current market is not high and cannot meet the requirements of users, so that the quinoa cultivation and planting method is provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quinoa cultivation and planting method to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the quinoa cultivation and planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seed selection: selecting a variety with high yield, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance, strong heat resistance and compact plant type;
s2, selecting a seedling raising plate: selecting a proper seedling raising plate for later use;
s3, sterilizing the seedling raising plate: sterilizing and disinfecting the seedling tray;
s4, seed disinfection: carrying out instantaneous high-temperature disinfection on the seeds;
s5, constant-temperature germination acceleration: putting the seeds into a constant temperature box for accelerating germination, wherein the time from accelerating germination to sprouting is 2-3 days;
s6, preparing a seedling culture substrate: preparing a seedling culture substrate and performing high-temperature disinfection treatment on the seedling culture substrate;
s7, filling matrix: filling the matrix into the cavity of the seedling raising tray;
s8, seedling raising and sowing: punching a hole on the matrix, uniformly sowing seeds into the center of the hole, uniformly covering a layer of matrix on the whole seedling tray, and properly watering;
s9, greenhouse management: placing the sowed seedling trays in a greenhouse for daily management;
s10, outplanting: transplanting after the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard;
s11, soil preparation: ploughing the field soil, and rolling and compacting;
s12, sowing: seeding the seedlings according to rows, wherein the row spacing is 10-20 cm and the row spacing is 40-60 cm during seeding;
s13, fertilizing: fertilizing 40kg of pure nitrogen per mu of quinoa land, applying 10-15 kg of phosphorus and potassium in a matched mode, intertilling, loosening the soil, and earthing up and covering with fertilizer;
s14, irrigation: when the annual precipitation amount reaches more than 1000mm, a drainage and water storage system is built in the quinoa land to adjust precipitation allowance; when the annual precipitation is less than 500mm, a burette facility is built in the quinoa land;
s15, harvesting: harvesting and threshing in time after the chenopodium quinoa is mature.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, chenopodium quinoa seeds preserved at a low temperature of 3-5 ℃ are taken, mature and full seeds are selected by a floating method, and are soaked in 0.1% KNO3 solution for 10-12h, then soaked in 1% NaClO solution for 4-6h, and then washed with sterile water for 2-3 times for later use.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the nursery site is selected from 100 holes of 54 × 28cm flexible trays, each hole has an upper opening with a diameter of 3.8cm, a lower bottom with a diameter of 2.0cm, and a hole depth of 5 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the method for disinfecting the nursery site comprises: firstly, removing residual matrix in seedling trays, soaking for 12 hours in 500 times of carbendazim solution or soaking for 30 minutes in 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, washing with clear water, and airing; in step S4, the high temperature instantaneous sterilization temperature of the seeds is 90 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S6, the matrix is peat soil and coconut coir in a mass ratio of 6: 4, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the mixed matrix has better water absorption capacity and is sterilized at high temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S9, the greenhouse is a standard steel frame greenhouse, the greenhouse is adjusted according to the seedling scale, a covering film, a sunshade net, an insect-proof net, etc. are selected according to the weather conditions and the seedling growing process, the width of the seedling growing bed in the greenhouse is 2m, 8 rows of seedling growing trays are arranged in each bed in the longitudinal direction, the seedling growing trays are placed in the greenhouse, the day temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 30-35 ℃ and the night temperature is 28-30 ℃ before seedling emergence, and the day temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 28-30 ℃ and the night temperature is 25-28 ℃ after seedling emergence.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S13, the pure nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are superphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied once during the whole planting process.
In a preferred embodiment, after being transplanted, the quinoa seedlings grow to 10 cm and grow 5-6 leaves, the seedlings are thinned, weeds in the rows are removed, the plant spacing is kept at 15-25 cm according to the principle of keeping large and small, and the roots are earthed up to prevent later lodging; when quinoa grows to more than 50 cm, weeding is carried out for 1-2 times.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S15, before the chenopodium quinoa is ripe, a scarecrow or a protective net is erected in the field to avoid pecking by birds, and after the chenopodium quinoa is ripe, the chenopodium quinoa is harvested and threshed in time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprises the steps of selecting high-quality and healthy seeds, sterilizing and disinfecting, accelerating germination by adopting a constant temperature box, cultivating quinoa seeds in a seedling tray by using prepared substrates, and increasing the survival rate of the seeds by adopting one seed in one hole;
2. the seedling raising plate is placed in a greenhouse, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to ensure that quinoa seeds are well developed, so that healthy seedlings are grown, and the seedling rate is improved;
3. the seedlings cultured by the seedling tray are also suitable for transportation and convenient to be transported to a planting field for transplantation;
4. transplanting the seedlings into the field, promoting the growth and maturity of the quinoa through reasonable field management, and improving the yield of the quinoa;
5. the whole method is simple and practical, is convenient to operate and plant and use by farmers, and has good economic popularization value.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: the quinoa cultivation and planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seed selection: selecting varieties with high yield, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance, strong heat resistance and compact plant type, taking quinoa seeds preserved at low temperature of 3-5 ℃, selecting mature and plump seeds by a floating method, firstly soaking the seeds in 0.1% KNO3 solution for 10-12h, then soaking the seeds in 1% NaClO solution for 4-6h, carrying out flotation through KNO3 solution, selecting plump and healthy seeds, carrying out preliminary sterilization by soaking in the NaClO solution, and washing the seeds with sterile water for 2-3 times for later use;
s2, selecting a seedling raising plate: selecting seedling raising trays with 100 holes, 54 x 28cm of soft trays, the diameter of the upper opening of each hole is 3.8cm, the lower bottom of each hole is 2.0cm, and the depth of each hole is 5 cm;
s3, sterilizing the seedling raising plate: firstly, removing residual matrix in seedling trays, soaking for 12 hours in 500 times of carbendazim solution or soaking for 30 minutes in 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, washing with clear water, and airing for later use;
s4, seed disinfection: disinfecting the seeds by adopting an instant high-temperature disinfection method, wherein the disinfection temperature is 90 ℃;
s5, constant-temperature germination acceleration: putting the seeds into a constant temperature box for accelerating germination, wherein the time from accelerating germination to sprouting is 2-3 days;
s6, preparing a seedling culture substrate: preparing a seedling culture substrate and performing high-temperature disinfection treatment on the seedling culture substrate;
s7, filling matrix: filling the matrix into the cavity of the seedling raising tray;
s8, seedling raising and sowing: punching a hole on the matrix, uniformly sowing seeds into the center of the hole, uniformly covering a layer of matrix on the whole seedling tray, and properly watering;
s9, greenhouse management: placing the sowed seedling trays in a greenhouse for daily management;
s10, outplanting: transplanting after the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard;
s11, soil preparation: ploughing the field soil, and rolling and compacting;
s12, sowing: seeding the seedlings according to rows, wherein the row spacing is 10-20 cm and the row spacing is 40-60 cm during seeding;
s13, fertilizing: fertilizing 40kg of pure nitrogen per mu of quinoa land, applying 10-15 kg of phosphorus and potassium in a matched mode, intertilling, loosening the soil, and earthing up and covering with fertilizer;
s14, irrigation: when the annual precipitation amount reaches more than 1000mm, a drainage and water storage system is built in the quinoa land to adjust precipitation allowance; when the annual precipitation is less than 500mm, a burette facility is built in the quinoa land;
s15, harvesting: harvesting and threshing in time after the chenopodium quinoa is mature.
Further, in step S6, the matrix is peat soil and coconut coir in a mass ratio of 6: 4, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the mixed matrix has better water absorption capacity and is sterilized at high temperature.
Further, in step S9, the greenhouse is a standard steel frame greenhouse, the greenhouse is adjusted according to the seedling scale, a covering film, a sunshade net, an insect net and the like are selected according to the weather conditions and the seedling growing process, the seedling growing bed width in the greenhouse is 2m, 8 rows of seedling growing trays are arranged in each bed in the longitudinal direction, the seedling growing trays are placed in the greenhouse, the day temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 30-35 ℃ and the night temperature is 28-30 ℃ before seedling emergence, and the day temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 28-30 ℃ and the night temperature is 25-28 ℃ after seedling emergence.
Further, in step S13, the pure nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are superphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied once during the whole planting process.
Furthermore, after transplanting, the quinoa seedlings grow to 10 cm and grow 5-6 leaves, thinning, removing weeds in rows, keeping the plant spacing at 15-25 cm according to the principle of keeping large and small, and earthing up roots to prevent later lodging; when quinoa grows to more than 50 cm, weeding is carried out for 1-2 times.
Further, in step S15, before the quinoa is mature, a scarecrow or a protective net is erected in the field to avoid pecking by birds and birds, and after mature, harvesting and threshing are performed in time.
To summer up, through selecting high-quality, healthy seed and disinfecting that disinfects to adopt the thermostated container to carry out the vernalization, cultivate the chenopodium quinoa seed in educating the seedling tray through the matrix that is equipped with, adopt an cave one seed, improve the seed survival rate, educate the seedling tray and arrange the big-arch shelter in, control big-arch shelter temperature makes the chenopodium quinoa seed obtain well development, thereby grow out healthy seedling, improve the seedling rate, and educate the seedling that the seedling tray cultivateed and also suitably transport, be convenient for move to plant and fill out, the seedling is transplanted to the field, promote the chenopodium quinoa growth maturity through reasonable field management, improve chenopodium quinoa output.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The quinoa cultivation and planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seed selection: selecting a variety with high yield, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance, strong heat resistance and compact plant type;
s2, selecting a seedling raising plate: selecting a proper seedling raising plate for later use;
s3, sterilizing the seedling raising plate: sterilizing and disinfecting the seedling tray;
s4, seed disinfection: carrying out instantaneous high-temperature disinfection on the seeds;
s5, constant-temperature germination acceleration: putting the seeds into a constant temperature box for accelerating germination, wherein the time from accelerating germination to sprouting is 2-3 days;
s6, preparing a seedling culture substrate: preparing a seedling culture substrate and performing high-temperature disinfection treatment on the seedling culture substrate;
s7, filling matrix: filling the matrix into the cavity of the seedling raising tray;
s8, seedling raising and sowing: punching a hole on the matrix, uniformly sowing seeds into the center of the hole, uniformly covering a layer of matrix on the whole seedling tray, and properly watering;
s9, greenhouse management: placing the sowed seedling trays in a greenhouse for daily management;
s10, outplanting: transplanting after the seedlings reach the strong seedling standard;
s11, soil preparation: ploughing the field soil, and rolling and compacting;
s12, sowing: seeding the seedlings according to rows, wherein the row spacing is 10-20 cm and the row spacing is 40-60 cm during seeding;
s13, fertilizing: fertilizing 40kg of pure nitrogen per mu of quinoa land, applying 10-15 kg of phosphorus and potassium in a matched mode, intertilling, loosening the soil, and earthing up and covering with fertilizer;
s14, irrigation: when the annual precipitation amount reaches more than 1000mm, a drainage and water storage system is built in the quinoa land to adjust precipitation allowance; when the annual precipitation is less than 500mm, a burette facility is built in the quinoa land;
s15, harvesting: harvesting and threshing in time after the chenopodium quinoa is mature.
2. The quinoa cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, collecting quinoa seeds preserved at low temperature of 3-5 deg.C, selecting mature and plump seeds by floating method, and first using 0.1% KNO3Soaking in the solution for 10-12h, soaking in 1% NaClO solution for 4-6h, and washing with sterile water for 2-3 times.
3. The quinoa cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the seedling tray is selected from a seedling tray with 100 holes, a soft tray with 54 × 28cm, an upper opening of each hole with a diameter of 3.8cm, a lower bottom of 2.0cm, and a hole depth of 5 cm.
4. The quinoa cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the method for sterilizing the seedling tray includes: firstly, removing residual matrix in seedling trays, soaking for 12 hours in 500 times of carbendazim solution or soaking for 30 minutes in 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, washing with clear water, and airing; in step S4, the high temperature instantaneous sterilization temperature of the seeds is 90 ℃.
5. The quinoa cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S6, the matrix is peat soil and coconut coir in a mass ratio of 6: 4, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the mixed matrix has better water absorption capacity and is sterilized at high temperature.
6. The quinoa cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S9, the greenhouse is a standard steel frame greenhouse, the greenhouse is adjusted according to seedling scale, a covering film, a sunshade net, an insect-proof net and the like are selected according to weather conditions and seedling growing processes, the width of a seedling growing bed in the greenhouse is 2m, 8 rows of seedling growing trays are longitudinally arranged on each bed and are placed in the greenhouse, the day temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 30 and 35 ℃ and the night temperature is 28 to 30 ℃ before seedling emergence, and the day temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 28 and 30 ℃ and the night temperature is 25 to 28 ℃ after seedling emergence.
7. The quinoa cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S13, the pure nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are superphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied once throughout the planting process.
8. The quinoa cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein: transplanting Chenopodium quinoa wheat seedling, growing to 10 cm, thinning when 5-6 leaves grow, removing weeds in the row, keeping the plant spacing at 15-25 cm according to the principle of keeping large and small, and earthing up the root to prevent later lodging; when quinoa grows to more than 50 cm, weeding is carried out for 1-2 times.
9. The quinoa cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S15, before the quinoa is mature, a scarecrow or a protective net is erected in the field to avoid pecking by birds and birds, and the quinoa is harvested and threshed in time after mature.
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