CN107810806A

CN107810806A - A kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn

Info

Publication number: CN107810806A
Application number: CN201711105138.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 党红凯; 马俊永; 曹彩云; 李科江; 郑春莲; 李海山; 张春锋; 李佳
Original assignee: Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2017-11-10
Filing date: 2017-11-10
Publication date: 2018-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-10
Also published as: CN107810806B

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn,Belong to agricultural technology field,The production method using 1 year one season Fodder corn or winter wheat Fodder corn two make cropping pattern,The highly water intensive over-extraction requirement to underground water of winter wheat is reduced to greatest extent,The seed requirement of corn is reduced simultaneously,Utilize it as the plantation advantage of feed,Sowed before arriving in rainfall season,Swag water after being handled when arid using salt reduction preferentially carries out supplement irrigation,Ensure higher emergence rate,Heavy rainfall month is made full use of to carry out the growth of Fodder corn,Swag water after also preferentially being handled when arid by salt reduction carries out supplement irrigation,With reference to illumination,Accumulated temperature,The factor such as grouting degree and ensiling condition determines the receipts phase,Ensure the maximum return of Fodder corn plantation,The production method realizes the double goal of Fodder corn income and water saving.

Description

A kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, and in particular to a kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn.

Background technology

Hebei Plain area is Hebei province main food producing region, while is the serious deficient area of water resource again, and the area ploughs About 63,000,000 mu of area, accounts for nearly the 71% of the whole province's cultivated area, and grain yield accounts for the 92% of the whole province, summer corn rain heat same season, but Because sunlight-heat reaources are nervous, rainfall and the crop water goodness of fit are poor, and under the conditions of pure rain is supported, maize grain yield is unstable.The area Water grain contradiction is sharp, per capita only 191 cubic metres of water resource, only 114 cubic metres of the water resource in mu arable land, earth's surface water shortage, chronically The lower serious over-extraction of water, forms the most deep cone of groundwater depression of North China maximum, and surface subsidence, crack occurs and collapse, sea Water is invaded and salt water descent, motor-pumped well scrap quickenings, the serial ecological problem such as water lift cost increase, press subtract the big wheat of water consumption- Corn two crops a year Farming, change wheat-Fodder corn grain raise plantation or lie fallow in a season only plant one season Fodder corn can subtract Slow groundwater mining pressure, improve water, grain, raise contradictory problems, so-called " pressure is adopted " is to contain groundwater mining.

Hebei province low plain average annual precipitation 450-550mm, rainy season difference is big, and 6-8 month precipitation accounts for 75% or so, Year evapotranspiration is up to 1200mm, is the area of North China Plain water shortage most serious, traditional bi-annual planting anniversary total water consumption is about 800mm (533 sides/mu).The growth of corn is exactly in the rain water distribution phase, and the rainfall of corn season needs the water goodness of fit to reach with corn 0.81, this phase rainfall can meet the moisture needed for corn growth substantially, therefore the over-extraction master to underground water is planted in the area two If wheat growing season irrigate caused by, the Farming in Ya Jiangai areas, progress lay fallow in one season only plant one season Fodder corn or Wheat-Fodder corn is in two seasons of one year to meet area's Climatic condition.

The content of the invention

Instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn, should Production method makes full use of heavy rainfall period to carry out the plantation of corn, realizes that blue or green feeding is beautiful by the control of date of seeding and receipts phase The maximum return of rice, while avoids the over-extraction of underground water to greatest extent, realizes taking into account for water saving and income.

The concrete technical scheme of the present invention：

A kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn, the production method are small in 1 year last month of summer corn or winter Carried out under the cropping pattern of wheat-summer corn bi-annual planting, including date of seeding, the determination of receipts phase and the management of irrigation water, date of seeding 6,7 Month, receipts phase are September part, and it is that the date of seeding is June 15 to July 10 that irrigation water, which includes underground water and swag water, key point, The receipts phase is September 20 to 30, according to weather forecast, if there is rainfall in date of seeding, is sowed before rainfall, such as carpostrote Without rainfall in phase, then sowed before July 10；After planting, if there is >=30mm rainfall before July 10, without supplement irrigation, If after planting until nothing >=30mm on the 10th in July rainfall, carries out supplement irrigation using swag water and underground water successively；Work as summer corn During in the ear period stage, if rainfall can not meet needed for growth, supplement irrigation is carried out using swag water and underground water successively.

Described date of seeding, then corn planting density was 4000-4500 plants/acre, and date of seeding was June 20 before June 20 To between 30 days, then corn planting density is 4500-5000 plants/acre, date of seeding June 30 between July 10, then maize seed Density in planting is 5000-5500 plants/acre.

When before described summer corn sowing or in seedling stage, if swag water EC values are not more than 5.0, directly Irrigated using swag water, if EC values are more than 5.0, irrigated again after carrying out salt reduction processing to swag water；The summer When corn is in the ear period stage, if swag water EC values are not more than 3.0, directly irrigated using swag water, if EC values More than 3.0, then irrigated again after carrying out salt reduction processing to swag water.

Described swag water salt reduction processing is that the nutrition of probiotics and EM bacterium culture mediums and starch is placed into swag water The mass ratio of mixture, probiotics and nutritional blend is 1:(8-12).

It is provided with the compartment system for probiotics in described swag, compartment system includes floating body on the water surface, flat Row is fixed on the appendix and one group of connection vertical bar between the two of swag bottom, and connection vertical bar is fabric texture, and probiotics is divided It is distributed on connection vertical bar.

One group of filter adsorbing sphere is provided with described connection vertical bar, filter adsorbing sphere includes outside spherical reticulated and is located at Its internal activated carbon ball, spherical reticulated upper and lower ends are fixedly connected with being connected vertical bar, and spherical reticulated is fabric texture；Probiotics point It is distributed on spherical reticulated and activated carbon ball.

The implantation hole communicated up and down is provided with described floating body, halophytes is provided with implantation hole.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The production method is directed to the underground water long-time current mining in Ya Cailiangzuo areas, will Cropping pattern be improved as one season Fodder corn or wheat-Fodder corn two make grain raise combine cropping pattern, pressure subtracted water consumption Larger wheat planting is measured, while reduces the output demand of corn kernel, water, grain is improved, raises contradiction；

The present invention carries out Fodder corn plantation before the heavy rainfall stage is entered, and ensures the emergence of Fodder corn, then The receipts phase of Fodder corn is determined with reference to illumination, accumulated temperature factor, date of seeding and receipts phase, which are combined, can realize the income of Fodder corn Maximize, and a large amount of heavy and this period are identical the exploitation that can reduce underground water to greatest extent, in addition, being Underground water exhaustive exploitation during guarantee dry year, the swag water after being improved by probiotics carries out supplement irrigation, containing prebiotic The swag water EC values of bacterium reduce, and can also provide nutrient for corn growth.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of compartment system in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of filter adsorbing sphere in Fig. 1.

In accompanying drawing, 1, floating body, 101, implantation hole, 102, halophytes, 2, swag, 3, appendix, 301, passage, 4, Connect vertical bar, 5, filter adsorbing sphere, 501, spherical reticulated, 502, activated carbon ball.

Embodiment

The present invention relates to a kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn, the production method is beautiful in 1 year last month of summer Carried out under the cropping pattern of rice or winter wheat-summer maize system bi-annual planting, include the pipe of date of seeding, the determination of receipts phase and irrigation water Reason, date of seeding 6, July, the receipts phase are September part, and irrigation water includes underground water and swag water, and the date of seeding is June 15 to July 10, the phase of receiving was September 20 to 30, according to weather forecast, if there is rainfall in date of seeding, is sowed before rainfall, If sowed in date of seeding without rainfall before July 10；After planting, need not if there is >=30mm rainfall before July 10 Supplement irrigation, if after planting until nothing >=30mm on the 10th in July rainfall, carries out supplement filling using swag water and underground water successively Irrigate；When summer corn is in the ear period stage, if rainfall can not meet needed for growth, swag water and underground water are used successively Supplement irrigation is carried out, the source of swag water includes rainwater, outer water transfer and shallow brackish water, underground water and then refers to fresh groundwater.

Specific embodiment, corn date of seeding, are judged according to Annual Precipitation statistics, according to the 20 years precipitation systems in Hebei province From the point of view of metering, as shown in table 1, on 15-June 30 June, there are 5 annual precipitations less than 30mm, on 15-July 10 June, have 4 years Precipitation deficit 30mm, June, 15-July 15, had 2 annual precipitations only to account for 10% less than 30mm, probability.Effective precipitation exists It can be the cover-head water of corn during more than 30mm, during corn seeding, can early be sowed, kept away before rainfall with reference to weather forecast Exempt to sow difficulty caused by rainfall, or periodically sowing, wait rainfall to promote to emerge, under the general time, rainfall before July 15 Can meet the needs of emergence of corn is to moisture, after planting, can be with extremely indivedual dry years, such as 1997 and 1998 Deng rain to July 10, if needing to pour cover-head water, to ensure that corn can go out in time still without effective precipitation to July 10 Seedling, cover-head water preferentially select swag water, select underground water again when swag water is inadequate；

Table 1

Described swag water salt reduction processing is that the nutrition of probiotics and EM bacterium culture mediums and starch is placed into swag water The mass ratio of mixture, probiotics and nutritional blend is 1:10, the compartment system for probiotics is provided with swag, such as Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, compartment system includes floating body 1 on the water surface, the parallel appendix 3 for being fixed on the bottom of swag 2 and both it Between one group of connection vertical bar 4, connection vertical bar 4 is fabric texture, connects and is provided with one group of filter adsorbing sphere 5 on vertical bar 4, filtering is inhaled Attached ball 5 includes outside spherical reticulated 501 and activated carbon ball 502 on its interior, connection vertical bar 4, screen pack 501 and activity Charcoal ball 502 can provide growth place for probiotics, need to consume salinity during growth of probiotics, the salinity in swag water by Gradually consumed by probiotics so as to gradually reduce, by monitoring whether swag water EC values reach requirement, EM bacterium come real-time judge Culture medium is growth of probiotics initial stage and the nutritional agents needed for amount reproduction, and starch is both that nutriment locks culture medium again Locking body, EM bacterium culture mediums and starch mixing after be not easy to diffuse in water, but with starch be attracted to activated carbon ball 502 with And on connection vertical bar 4, activated carbon ball 502 and connection vertical bar 4 form the growth aggregation ground of probiotics, starch and EM bacterium culture mediums There is provided nutritional condition for the quick Breeding and expanding population of probiotics, avoid a large amount of probiotics for being likely to occur when launching early stage wither away with And probiotics is unable to the situation of rapid growth in the short time, meanwhile, the mixed nutrient solution of starch and EM bacterium culture mediums is diffused in point Around distribution system, the region that a salinity gradually changes is formed, transition region can be provided for the probiotics in just input swag water Domain, avoid because environment salt dynamics are larger, comparatively fast cause probiotics mortality, in addition, activated carbon ball 502 can also The polluters such as pigment, heavy metal in absorption swag water, play a part of purifying water body, spherical reticulated 501 can be activated carbon Ball 502 provides fixed-site, and activated carbon ball 502 is convenient for changing, and the upper and lower ends of spherical reticulated 501 are fixedly connected with being connected vertical bar 4, Spherical reticulated 501 is fabric texture, and the implantation hole 101 communicated up and down is provided with floating body 1, and salt life is provided with implantation hole 101 Plant 102, according to the demand of probiotics, passage 301 and connection gas feeding apparatus, gas supply are evenly equipped with appendix 3 Equipment can be oxygen supply arrangement or carbon dioxide supply arrangement, the oxygen supply arrangement when probiotics is aerobic bacteria, Can also be the high dissolved oxygen amount of swag water extraction, the carbon dioxide supply arrangement when probiotics is photosynthetic bacteria, preferentially from cyanobacteria With former green bacterium, both are production oxygen photosynthetic bacteria, avoid swag dissolved oxygen in water low.

Accumulated temperature, illumination and dry-matter accumulation amount significant positive correlation, accumulated temperature and illumination during Fodder corn fertility Product and dry-matter accumulation amount be in extremely notable positive correlation, corn growth key developmental stages in Hengshui Prefecture's as shown in table 2 (moon- Day), Hengshui Prefecture's corn growing season accumulated temperature (DEG C) as shown in table 3, corn growing season sunshine time in Hengshui Prefecture's as shown in table 4 (h), Hengshui Prefecture's corn growing season sunshine time × accumulated temperature (10 as shown in table 5⁴× DEG C × h), Hengshui Prefecture as shown in table 6 is beautiful Rice biological yield, the correlation analysis of biological yield as shown in table 7 and accumulated temperature, sunshine time and sunshine time × accumulated temperature.

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Parameter	Growthdevelopmental stage	Individual	Colony
				Illumination	The spinning phase	0.922**	0.900**
	Dough stage	0.948**	0.908**
				Accumulated temperature	The spinning phase	0.861**	0.710**
	Dough stage	0.859**	0.266
				Sunshine time × accumulated temperature	The spinning phase	0.987**	0.916**
	Dough stage	0.996**	0.647*

(note：0.05 is horizontal significantly correlated, and 0.01 is horizontal extremely significantly correlated)

Fodder corn should control moisture when receiving, the optimum moisture content of lactic acid bacteria breeding is 70%, intuitive judgment method It is as follows：Tight feed is held, only moisture oozes out but can not form water droplet.The too high or too low feed of water content all should be after treatment Ensiling is carried out again, suitably dries or add dry feed when too high, and amount of water is sprayed into when too low or adds succulence material, it is generally blue or green Storage corn dough stage is harvest, and water content calculates according to 70%, and green grass or young crops stores up corn fresh weight amount more than 4200kg/ mus, Green grass or young crops storage corn calculates according to 0.3 yuan/kg, and its yield can ensure gross income more than 1200.

Planting density is determined according to date of seeding during sowing.According to basic data of the present invention, postponed with date of seeding, due to illumination and Accumulated temperature deficiency, individual plant biological yield are reduced, and the reduction of single plant yield can be made up by increasing thickness of sowing.If density is excessive, Easily lodging, the too small yield reduction of density.Sow before June 20, density can be scheduled on 4000~4500 plants/acre, June 30 with Preceding sowing, density can be scheduled on 4500~5000 plants/acre, be sowed before July 10, and density can be scheduled on 5000~5500 plants/acre.Root According to knowhow, dense planting Corn Densities are typically no more than 5500 plants, and from the point of view of yield and benefit, date of seeding is unsuitable the latest for one's respective area It is later than July 10.From the point of view of green grass or young crops stores up corn quality, date of seeding, is later than July 10, and grouting time is short, and seed contains in reduction feed Amount, if evening receives blue or green storage corn, latter temperature is low, is unfavorable for feed fermentation, and then reduce quality.

Specific harvest time is determined according to grouting.To improve blue or green storage corn quality, yield is improved, green grass or young crops storage corn most preferably harvests Time, dry increased before the phase terminates soon, 40-50 days is appeared in after spinning substantially, such as institute in table 8 after the appearance of maximum filling rate Show blue or green storage corn optimum harvest date.

Table 8

It can be obtained by table 8, before and after September 25 days, be harvested in good time according to actual weather, quality is best.

The temperature of ensilage should be controlled in the range of 20-30 DEG C, be adapted to lactic acid bacteria breeding, under the general time, 9 Mean temperature can meet ensilage fermentation before and after the moon 25, as shown in table 8 blue or green storage corn optimum harvest date temperature (DEG C).

Table 8

From high yield, resistance, the improved seeds that plant type is compact, High planting is strong, purity >=98% of seed, germination percentage >=90%, cleanliness >=98%, water content≤13%.

From the high skilful seed coat agent coating of targetedly strong example, there is preferable preventing and treating to subterranean pest-insect wireworm, grub etc. Effect, but also can by way of root absorption controlling sucking insects small brown rice planthopper and aphid etc., to prevent the generation of rough dwarf disease.

75-120kg/hm²Purity nitrogen, 90kg/hm²Pure P₂O₅, 90kg/hm²Pure K₂O, apply together during corn seeding.

Simple grain program request is carried out using deep scarification no-tillage ferti-seeding combination machine, operating speed is no more than 4 kilometers/hour, control Simple grain program request, sowing number is than predetermined density increase 200-300 grains, 60cm etc. line-spacing sowing.

Research shows that the High planting of different cultivars is different, and not linearly increasing between density and yield, density increases to one To determine degree yield to tend towards stability, density increase, the tree characteristics and fringe character of corn are deteriorated, and the comprehensive resistance of corn can reduce, The quality of corn kernel is even influenceed, contemporary kind high yield is characterized in that plant type tends to be reasonable, and High planting and comprehensive resistance are good, because This selects plant type dense-type variety, and rational planting density (5000 plants/acre) obtains higher yield, and example steps on sea 605.

Good from stalk crop, lodging resistance is strong, the good dense-type variety of comprehensive resistance；Seed quality meets the requirements, it is desirable to Plumpness uniformity, the overall degree of colony can be improved；Improve seeding quality；Progress rational close planting, density 4000-5500 strains, Uniformly sowing, size row plantation, it is ensured that colony's ventilation and penetrating light rate is good, reduces the generation of disease；Take out plant lower blade after hero Between the maximum leaf area index 5.0-6.0 of photosynthesis compensation point dynamic equilibrium.

After planting carry out the management of each different phase：

1) before after planting-emergence

, can be with 40% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass or 40% second green bristlegrass or 40% fourth green bristlegrass etc. after planting 3 if field does not have weeds Sprayed in it, mu dosage 200g, can effectively prevent new raised weed；

If field raw weeds one year, can with the paraquat 150g/ mus of 40% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 200g/ mus+20% or 52% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 150g+20% paraquat 150g/ mus, carry out " envelope one is killed ", can be risen again while killing weeds in field To the effect for closing down weeds.

2) the 3-5 leaves phase

The preventing and treating of subterranean pest-insect：50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be used if there is subterranean pest-insects such as grub, wireworm, mole crickets 1000-1500 times of liquid irrigating root, can also use period poison bait, 75% phoxim 50g, add water 1-1.5kg, with stir-fry wheat bran, Cottonseed cake is mixed thoroughly, every mu of 2-3kg, in spreading fertilizer over the fields at dusk in seedling base portion, can effectively trap and kill subterranean pest-insect.

3) the big mouth phase

Prevent and treat corn borer：Core, mu dosage 1.5-2kg are filled with 1.5% phoxim or 0.1% time granule.Or using high Also releasable trichogramma, effectively every mu of 1-2 ten thousand, preventing and treating corn borer moth lose stalk to pressure mercury lamp trapping adult.

4) the male spinning phase is taken out

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Every mu is warded off aphid mist 30g with 12.5% standing grain fruit profit pulvis 30g+1.8% AVMs 15ml+10%, 30kg is watered, is sprayed, can anti-corn northern leaf blight and southern leaf blight, red spider, aphid etc..

5) other disease pest and weeds preventing and treating manages with general field.

6) supplement irrigation：The implantation methods fill principle less in line with water saving, ensure full stand, Miao Quan, if breeding time run into it is dry The year of drought can not meet that the normal growth and development of corn can carry out supplement irrigation in time.Soil is combined in the critical period of corn growth The timely supplement irrigation of soil moisture content of earth.

Claims

1. a kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn, the production method is small in 1 year last month of summer corn or winter Carried out under the cropping pattern of wheat-summer corn bi-annual planting, including date of seeding, the determination of receipts phase and the management of irrigation water, date of seeding are 6th, July, receipts phase are September part, and irrigation water includes underground water and swag water, it is characterised in that：The date of seeding is on June 15 to 7 The moon 10, phase of receiving are September 20 to 30, according to weather forecast, if there is rainfall in date of seeding, broadcast before rainfall Kind, if sowed in date of seeding without rainfall before July 10；After planting, if having >=30mm rainfall, nothing before July 10 Supplement irrigation is needed, if after planting until nothing >=30mm on the 10th in July rainfall, is supplemented using swag water and underground water successively Irrigate；When summer corn is in the ear period stage, if rainfall can not meet needed for growth, swag water and underground are used successively Water carries out supplement irrigation.

A kind of 2. production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described broadcasts Phase, then corn planting density was 4000-4500 plants/acre before June 20, date of seeding between 20 to 30 June, then corn Planting density is 4500-5000 plants/acre, and date of seeding, then corn planting density was 5000-5500 June 30 between July 10 Plant/acre.

A kind of 3. production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The described summer When before corn seeding or in seedling stage, if swag water EC values are not more than 5.0, directly filled using swag water Irrigate, if EC values are more than 5.0, irrigated again after carrying out salt reduction processing to swag water；The summer corn is in the ear period stage When, if swag water EC values are not more than 3.0, directly irrigated using swag water, if EC values are more than 3.0, to swag Water is irrigated again after carrying out salt reduction processing.

A kind of 4. production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Described hole Pool water salt reduction processing is that probiotics and the nutritional blend of EM bacterium culture mediums and starch, probiotics and battalion are placed into swag water The mass ratio for supporting mixture is 1:(8-12).

A kind of 5. production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described hole It is provided with the compartment system for probiotics in the pool, compartment system includes floating body (1) on the water surface, parallel is fixed on swag (2) appendix (3) of bottom and one group of connection vertical bar (4) between the two, connection vertical bar (4) be fabric texture, and probiotics is divided It is distributed on connection vertical bar (4).

A kind of 6. production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described company Connect and one group of filter adsorbing sphere (5) is provided with vertical bar (4), filter adsorbing sphere (5) includes outside spherical reticulated (501) and positioned at it Internal activated carbon ball (502), spherical reticulated (501) upper and lower ends are fixedly connected with being connected vertical bar (4), and spherical reticulated (501) is Fabric texture；Probiotics is distributed on spherical reticulated (501) and activated carbon ball (502).

A kind of 7. production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described drift The implantation hole (101) communicated up and down is provided with floating body (1), halophytes (102) is provided with implantation hole (101).