CN106665229B - High-density duck breeding system and duck breeding method for early rice and ratoon rice field - Google Patents
High-density duck breeding system and duck breeding method for early rice and ratoon rice field Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-density duck breeding system and a duck breeding method in an early rice and ratoon rice field. The duck breeding system comprises a rice field ditch system arranged in a rice field, and a first island and a second island are arranged in the rice field ditch system. The invention obviously improves the duck breeding density in the unit rice field, the duck breeding density is from 225 plus 450 per hectare to 1350 plus 1500 per hectare, the number of the ducks bred in the unit rice field is obviously increased, and the unit yield value is improved; meanwhile, the problem that the local rice seedlings are seriously damaged due to the fact that the duck groups are jammed and trampled in the rice field in the process of entering the rice field is solved through the change of the landscape of the rice field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-density duck breeding system and a duck breeding method in an early rice and ratoon rice field, and belongs to the technical field of ecological breeding.
Background
The ecological duck breeding technology in the rice field is greatly popularized and applied due to the functions of increasing yield and efficiency and reducing the emission of the methane in the rice field. The traditional ecological duck breeding number in the rice field is generally controlled to be 15-30 per mu, for example, a method for breeding ducks by utilizing the rice field disclosed by Chinese patent publication No. CN105284732A, an ecological duck breeding and rice breeding method disclosed by Chinese patent publication No. CN102860286A and a method for breeding ducks in the rice field disclosed by Chinese patent publication No. CN1539274, the breeding densities can basically realize the control of weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, but can not completely meet the requirements of economic and social development, and the unit yield value of the method has no advantages any more, so that the development and popularization of the ecological duck breeding technology in the rice field are facilitated by further improving the unit yield value.
At present, the common method is to select duck varieties with better quality and increase the breeding quantity. A great deal of work has been done by predecessors in duck variety selection. For example, the economic benefit of different duck varieties is discovered by 'ecological economic benefit analysis of rice ridge planting and raising mode': compared with the conventional rice and duck ecological breeding, the pure profit of breeding the green wild ducks is 2.7 times of the pure profit of the conventional rice and duck ecological breeding technology, the yield-to-input ratio is 20.0 percent higher than that of the conventional rice and duck ecological breeding technology, and the cost yield and the labor productivity are also obviously higher than that of the conventional rice and duck ecological breeding technology.
Certainly, the improvement of the breeding quantity is another important way, but after the quantity of the ducks is multiplied, the group quantity of the ducks is large, the duck group combining property is strong, the ducks are concentrated and crowded in the field entering process, and the trampling harm to rice seedlings is obviously aggravated, so that the problem that how to effectively solve the ordering of duck seedlings entering the field in the high-density breeding process and further reduce the harm to the rice seedlings is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of ordering of duck seedlings entering a field in the high-density culture process, further reduce the damage to the rice seedlings and realize the remarkable improvement of the yield per unit area, the invention aims to provide the high-density duck breeding system and the duck breeding method for the early rice ratoon field, the system and the method can remarkably improve the duck breeding density of the unit rice field, the duck breeding density is from 450 one/hectare to 1350 one/hectare, and the unit duck breeding quantity is greatly improved and the unit yield value is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-density duck breeding system in a rice field comprises a rice field ditch system arranged in the rice field, and is structurally characterized in that the rice field ditch system is internally provided with a duck breeding system;
the first island is used for shunting ducks coming in and going out of the rice field; and
the second island is used for isolating the two groups of ducks visually;
the first island is a floating type flow dividing structure arranged at intervals of 3-5 meters;
the second island is a visual barrier arranged every 3-5 meters.
Therefore, the duck groups are dispersed into the duckling groups by the first island and the second island, and mutual treading caused by gathering of the duck groups or damage to seedlings is avoided.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the invention can be further optimized, and the following is the technical scheme formed after optimization:
preferably, the paddy field ditches in the constructed paddy field ditches are reversed-letter ditches, straight ditches or cross ditches; preferably, the square-shaped ditches are 'opening' -shaped ditches dug along the inner sides of the ridges, 4 circular ditches are formed on the inner sides of the field edges, the middle of the rice field is still kept in an original state, and the formed plane is the field surface.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the width of the paddy field groove is 0.8 to 1.0 m, and the depth is 1.0 to 1.8 m; preferably, the Chinese character hui groove comprises four straight grooves, wherein one of the four straight grooves is 1.2-1.8 m deep, and the other three straight grooves are 1.0-1.5 m deep.
In order to achieve the best duck group shunting effect, the first island is a trapezoidal first island; preferably, the trapezoidal first island comprises a trapezoidal plane frame, and the aquatic plant water hyacinth is placed in the trapezoidal plane frame; preferably, the two parallel sides of the trapezoidal plane frame are respectively 2.8-3 meters and 0.8-1 meter, the height of the trapezoidal plane frame is 0.5-0.8 meter, and the trapezoidal plane frame is horizontally placed on the water surface.
Preferably, the throwing position of the first island is one side of the duck seedlings entering the field; preferably, the adjacent two first islands are arranged at an interval of 3-5 m.
For the fence type cultivation mode, fences are arranged around the rice field to restrain the ducks to move in the rice field.
Preferably, the second island is plants planted every 3-5 meters, each group of plants is planted in a triangular mode, and each side is 30-60cm in length. More preferably, the plant being planted is zizania latifolia.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a method for breeding ducks by using the rice field high-density duck breeding system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a paddy field ditch system;
s2, arranging a first island and a second island in the paddy field ditch system;
and S3, duck fry throwing and field management.
Preferably, according to the embodiment of the invention, the duck fry feeding and the field management thereof comprise the following steps:
1) selecting ducklings: selecting small and medium-sized excellent duck varieties with strong vitality, adaptability and stress resistance, so that ducks can freely walk in the rice field to find food;
2) the culture mode is two modes of fence type culture or grazing type culture; the fence type breeding needs to add duck houses in any one corner of a field, the duck houses are built according to the north-south orientation, the size of the duck houses is calculated according to 8-12 feather ducks/square meters, meanwhile, fences are arranged on the periphery of the field according to local conditions, and the fence density is suitable for the ducklings which are just bred to fail to pass; the free-range breeding needs to be carried out within 1000 meters from the rice field, the size of a duck shed is calculated according to 8-12 feather ducks per square meter, and water surface is provided for duck playing;
3) annual breeding plan: 3-7 days after the seedlings of the early rice season are transplanted, putting 90-100 ducklings with the age of 20-35 days and the individual weight of 150-250 g per mu, wherein the symbiotic period of the rice and the ducks is 50-70 days; the second group of ducklings are thrown with 15-30 days old ducklings with individual weight of 150-.
4) Scientifically breeding;
5) disease prevention and treatment;
6) harvesting ducks in time: and (5) recovering the ducks from the field in time after the rice grows to the filling period.
Wherein, scientific feeding and disease prevention and treatment are conventional technologies.
Further, the invention also comprises high-yield cultivation of the early rice ratoon rice, wherein the high-yield cultivation of the early rice ratoon rice comprises the following steps:
1) early rice variety selection, namely selecting a late-maturing variety with strong regeneration capacity, high quality, high yield, disease resistance, wide adaptability and high rice quality, wherein the growth period of the early rice is 120-140 days;
2) selecting seedling raising transplanting and direct seeding modes, wherein the transplanting density of the early rice is 11cm-15cm multiplied by 25cm-33cm per plant;
3) the early rice fertilizing amount is 8-12.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, wherein N: p2O5：K2The ratio of O is 1: 0.4-0.6: 0.8-1.2, respectively applying base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer according to the early rice period; wherein the base fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer account for 70-75 percent of the total pure nitrogen, and the spike fertilizer accounts for 25 percent of the total pure nitrogen-30％；
4) Monitoring diseases and insect pests of early rice: the prevention and the control are combined by adopting a physical method and the predation capacity of ducks, the prevention and the control by using pesticides are avoided, and the prevention and the control of the rice leaf rollers are emphasized;
5) harvesting at proper time: harvesting early rice in the yellow ripe stage, and harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or wheel type harvester;
6) selecting a regenerated rice variety, namely selecting a late-maturing variety with strong regeneration capacity, high quality, high yield, disease resistance, wide adaptability and high rice quality, wherein the growth period of the regenerated rice is 50-70 days;
7) the fertilizing amount of the ratoon rice is 2.5 kg/mu-5.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, wherein N: p2O5：K2The ratio of O is 1: 0.4-0.6: 0.8-1.2 percent, 60-80 percent of the fertilizer is applied 7-10 days before the harvest of the ratoon rice, and 20-40 percent of the fertilizer is applied 3-7 days before the harvest;
8) monitoring diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice: the prevention and the control are combined by adopting a physical method and the predation capacity of ducks, the prevention and the control by using pesticides are avoided, and the prevention and the control of the rice leaf rollers are emphasized;
9) timely harvesting the ratoon rice: at least 97% of grains in the ears of the regenerated rice are harvested when the grains are golden yellow.
Wherein 11-15cm is the plant spacing and 25-33cm is the row spacing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes a landscape ecological method to set the trapezoidal first island and the trapezoidal second island, the large duck group is dispersed into the small duck group through the trapezoidal first island, and the small duck group can not be visually found by the second island, so that the large duck group can not be converged.
The invention obviously improves the duck breeding density in the unit rice field, and the duck breeding density is from 450 per hectare to 1350 per hectare of the conventional 225-450-1500-one-hectare; the problem that local rice seedlings are seriously damaged due to the fact that duck groups are jammed and trampled in the process of entering the rice field is solved through the change of landscape of the rice field; the unit yield value is improved by obviously increasing the number of ducks raised in a unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure
1-paddy field; 2-rice field furrow system; 3-a second island; 4-first island.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
A high-density duck breeding method in an early rice and ratoon rice field is shown in figure 1 and comprises the steps of constructing a rice field ditch system, arranging a trapezoidal first island 4 for shunting duck groups, arranging a trapezoidal second island 3 for visually isolating duck groups, putting duck seedlings and field management thereof, and culturing early rice at high yield.
The rice field ditches in the constructed rice field ditches are of a 'Chinese character hui' structure, and 'opening' -shaped ditches are excavated along the inner sides of the ridges. 4 annular ditches are formed on the inner side of the field edge, the middle of the field is still kept in an original state, and the formed plane is the field surface. The field surface is the part except the ditch, namely the field surface, and keeps the original appearance. The ditch is excavated along the inner side of the ridge, the width of the ditch is 0.8-1.0 meter, the depth of the ditch is 1.0-1.5 meters, and the width of the ditch is four, wherein one of the four is 1.2-1.8 meters. The surface is the field surface outside the ditch and is kept as the original shape without modification.
The first island is a bamboo trapezoidal plane frame, the two parallel side lengths are 2.8-3 meters and 0.8-1 meter respectively, the trapezoidal height is 0.5-0.8 meter, the water surface is horizontally placed, and water hyacinths of aquatic plants are placed in the trapezoidal frame. The putting position is one side of the duck seedlings put into the field, and the interval is set to be 3-5 meters.
And 3 clusters of water melons are planted in the second island every 5 meters and are planted in an isosceles triangle mode, and each side length is 40 cm.
The duck fry feeding and field management method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting ducklings: selecting middle and small-sized excellent duck varieties with strong vitality, adaptability and stress resistance, such as Shaoxing ducks, sheldrake and green-head wild ducks, so that the ducks can freely walk in the rice field to forage;
2) the culture mode is two modes of fence type culture or grazing type culture. The fence type breeding needs to be added with duck houses in any one corner of a field, the duck houses are built according to the north-south sitting direction, and the size of the duck house is calculated according to 10 feather ducks per square meter; meanwhile, according to local conditions, fences are arranged on the periphery of the field block, the density of the fences is suitable for the ducklings which are just stocked to not pass through, and the height of the fences is preferably 35-45 cm; the distance between the free-range rice field and the free-range breeding is within 1000 meters, the duck shed size is calculated according to 10 feather ducks/square meters, and a certain water surface is provided for duck playing.
3) Stocking quantity and time: putting ducklings of 20-25 days old and individual weight of 150-; the stocking time is 3-7 days after transplanting, and generally 90-100 stockings are stocked per mu;
4) scientific breeding: feeding the ducklings 1 time in the morning and at night according to the principle of 'feeding half full and full feet in the morning', and then only feeding a small amount of supplementary feed in the morning every day to promote fattening;
5) disease prevention and treatment: cleaning and disinfecting duck houses and appliances regularly or irregularly, and disinfecting the fence by 2% of quicklime milk; the duck is immunized by drinking water or injected with immunization vaccine, and the duck is well inoculated at the age of about 20 days, and emergency preparation is made if abnormal conditions are found.
6) Harvesting ducks in time: when the rice grows to a grain filling stage in the growth period, the ducks need to be retracted from the field in time, so that the ducks do not peck rice ears, and the loss of rice yield is avoided;
the high-yield cultivation of the early rice and the ratoon rice comprises the following steps:
1) early rice variety selection, namely selecting a late-maturing variety with strong regeneration capacity, high quality, high yield, disease resistance, wide adaptability and high rice quality, wherein the growth period of the early rice is controlled to be 120-140 days;
2) selecting seedling raising transplanting and direct seeding modes, wherein the transplanting density of the early rice is 11-15cm multiplied by 25-33cm per plant;
3) the early rice fertilizing amount is 8-12.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, wherein N: p2O5：K2The ratio of O is 1: 0.4-0.6: 0.8-1.2, respectively applying base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer according to the early rice period; wherein the base fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer account for 70-75% of the total pure nitrogen, and the spike fertilizer accounts for 25-30% of the total pure nitrogen;
4) monitoring diseases and insect pests of early rice: the prevention and the control are combined by adopting a physical method and the predation capacity of ducks, the prevention and the control by using pesticides are avoided, and the prevention and the control of the rice leaf rollers are emphasized;
5) harvesting at proper time: harvesting early rice in the yellow ripe stage, and harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or wheel type harvester;
6) selecting regenerated rice varieties, selecting a late-maturing variety with strong regeneration capacity, high quality, high yield, disease resistance, wide adaptability and high rice quality, and controlling the growth period of the regenerated rice to be 50-70 days;
7) the fertilizing amount of the ratoon rice is 2.5 kg/mu-5.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, wherein N: p2O5：K2The ratio of O is 1: 0.4-0.6: 0.8-1.2, applying 70% in 7-10 days before harvest of the ratoon rice and 30% in 3-7 days before harvest;
8) monitoring diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice: the prevention and the control are combined by adopting a physical method and the predation capacity of ducks, the prevention and the control by using pesticides are avoided, and the prevention and the control of the rice leaf rollers are emphasized;
9) timely harvesting the ratoon rice: at least 97% of grains in the ears of the regenerated rice are harvested when the grains are golden yellow. The stubble height of the rice when reaping should be 20cm-40cm, preferably 30cm-40 cm.
The invention relates to a yearly breeding plan: hatching or purchasing the first batch of ducklings within 3-5 days after the early rice seedling raising, putting 90-100 ducklings with the individual weight of 150-; the second group of ducklings are hatched or bought about 10 days after the early rice is full of ears, about 20 days old ducklings with the individual weight of 150-.
The comparison table of the cost and the profit of the present invention compared to the conventional double cropping rice duck farming system is shown in tables 1 and 2, and unexpected profits are obtained.
TABLE 1 comparison of the cost of the early season rice and ratoon duck breeding system of the present invention with that of the conventional double cropping rice and ratoon duck breeding system
TABLE 2 comparison of earnings of the early season rice and ratoon duck breeding system of the present invention and the conventional double cropping rice and ratoon duck breeding system
The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a paddy field high density duck breeding system, is including seting up the paddy field ditch system in the paddy field, its characterized in that, be provided with in the paddy field ditch system:
the first island (4) is used for shunting ducks coming in and going out of the rice field; and
the second island (3) is used for isolating the two groups of ducks visually;
the first island is a floating type flow dividing structure arranged at intervals of 3-5 meters;
the second island is a visual barrier arranged every 3-5 meters;
the first island is a trapezoidal flow-dividing floating island; the trapezoidal flow-dividing floating island comprises a trapezoidal plane frame, and aquatic plant water hyacinths are placed in the trapezoidal plane frame; the length of two parallel sides of the trapezoidal plane frame is 2.8-3 meters and 0.8-1 meter respectively, the height of the trapezoidal plane frame is 0.5-0.8 meter, and the trapezoidal plane frame is horizontally placed on the water surface.
2. The rice field high density duck breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice field ditches are Hui-shaped ditches, I-shaped ditches or Cross ditches; the square-shaped ditches are 'mouth' -shaped ditches dug along the inner sides of ridges, 4 circular ditches are formed on the inner sides of the edges, the middle of the rice field is still kept in an original state, and the formed plane is a field surface.
3. The rice field high-density duck breeding system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rice field ditch system has a ditch width of 0.8-1.0 m and a depth of 1.0-1.8 m; the word returning grooves comprise four straight grooves, wherein one of the four straight grooves is 1.2-1.8 m deep, and the other three straight grooves are 1.0-1.5 m deep.
4. The rice field high-density duck breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first island is placed at a side of the field where the duck seedlings are planted.
5. The rice field high density duck breeding system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a fence is provided around the rice field.
6. The rice field high density duck breeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the visual barriers are plants planted every 3-5 meters, each group of plants is planted in a triangular shape, and each side is 30-60 cm; the planted plant is water melon.
7. A method for breeding ducks by using the rice field high-density duck breeding system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a paddy field ditch system;
s2, arranging a first island (4) and a second island (3) in the paddy field ditch system;
s3, duck fry throwing and field management;
the method also comprises the high-yield cultivation of the early rice ratoon rice, and the high-yield cultivation of the early rice ratoon rice comprises the following steps:
1) early rice variety selection, namely selecting a late-maturing variety with strong regeneration capacity, high quality, high yield, disease resistance, wide adaptability and high rice quality, wherein the growth period of the early rice is 120-140 days;
2) selecting seedling raising transplanting and direct seeding modes, wherein the transplanting density of the early rice is 11cm-15cm x 25cm-33cm per plant;
3) the early rice fertilizing amount is 8-12.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, wherein N: p2O5：K2The ratio of O is 1: 0.4-0.6: 0.8-1.2, respectively applying base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer according to the early rice period; whereinThe base fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer account for 70-75% of the total pure nitrogen, and the spike fertilizer accounts for 25-30% of the total pure nitrogen;
4) monitoring diseases and insect pests of early rice: the prevention and the control are combined by adopting a physical method and the predation capacity of ducks, the prevention and the control by using pesticides are avoided, and the prevention and the control of the rice leaf rollers are emphasized;
5) harvesting at proper time: harvesting early rice in the yellow ripe stage, and harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or wheel type harvester;
6) selecting a regenerated rice variety, namely selecting a late-maturing variety with strong regeneration capacity, high quality, high yield, disease resistance, wide adaptability and high rice quality, wherein the growth period of the regenerated rice is 50-70 days;
7) the fertilizing amount of the ratoon rice is 2.5 kg/mu-5.5 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, wherein N: p2O5：K2The ratio of O is 1: 0.4-0.6: 0.8-1.2 percent, 60-80 percent of the fertilizer is applied 7-10 days before the harvest of the ratoon rice, and 20-40 percent of the fertilizer is applied 3-7 days before the harvest;
8) monitoring diseases and insect pests of ratoon rice: the prevention and the control are combined by adopting a physical method and the predation capacity of ducks, the prevention and the control by using pesticides are avoided, and the prevention and the control of the rice leaf rollers are emphasized;
9) timely harvesting the ratoon rice: at least 97% of grains in the ears of the regenerated rice are harvested when the grains are golden yellow.
8. The method for raising ducks according to claim 7, wherein the duck feeding and field management thereof comprises the following steps:
1) selecting ducklings: selecting small and medium-sized excellent duck varieties with strong vitality, adaptability and stress resistance, so that ducks can freely walk in the rice field to find food;
2) the culture mode is two modes of fence type culture or grazing type culture; the fence type breeding needs to add duck houses in any one corner of a field, the duck houses are built according to the north-south orientation, the size of the duck house is calculated according to 8-12 feather ducks/square meters, meanwhile, fences are arranged on the periphery of the field according to local conditions, and the density of the fences prevents newly-bred ducklings from passing through; the free-range breeding needs to be carried out within 1000 meters from the rice field, the size of a duck shed is calculated according to 8-12 feather ducks per square meter, and water surface is provided for duck playing;
3) annual breeding plan: 3-7 days after the seedlings of the early rice season are transplanted, putting 90-100 ducklings with the age of 20-35 days and the individual weight of 150-250 g per mu, wherein the symbiotic period of the rice and the ducks is 50-70 days; the second group of ducklings are thrown into the early rice after harvesting, wherein the ducklings with the age of 15-30 days and the individual weight of 150-;
4) scientifically breeding;
5) disease prevention and treatment;
6) harvesting ducks in time: and (5) recovering the ducks from the field in time after the rice grows to the filling period.
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