CN1425283A - Rail duck raising technology in paddy field - Google Patents
Rail duck raising technology in paddy field Download PDFInfo
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- CN1425283A CN1425283A CN 01131618 CN01131618A CN1425283A CN 1425283 A CN1425283 A CN 1425283A CN 01131618 CN01131618 CN 01131618 CN 01131618 A CN01131618 A CN 01131618A CN 1425283 A CN1425283 A CN 1425283A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a paddy field rail duck raising technology. Rice, insect, duckweed and duck constituting one biological chain are made to control each other; the time and the space for the four kinds of organisms to constitute the complex colony are controlled based on the rice growth rule and the symbiotic biological environment for rice and duck is improved to realize the pollution-less rice plantation and duck raising. By stimulating natural biological system, the duck raising in paddy field can control the harmful disease, pest and weed, reduce pesticide amount, produce green food material and increase rice field output value.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural technique, particularly relate to a kind of rail duck raising technology in paddy field.
Background technology:
Along with insect pest, disease, crop smothering are on the rise, a large amount of applying pesticides have become the routine technical measures that get in the crop production.A large amount of applying pesticides not only severe contamination environment, influenced the qualities of crops, also increased the cost of agricultural production.General applying pesticides not in the natural ecosystems is mainly kept the stable of system by modes such as the self-control of system, reconstruction, recoveries.Utilize the damage by disease and insect of biological control paddy rice and cotton; existing many research; utilize parasitic wasp control paddy rice and cotton-plant pest-insects as European and American countries, reach not applying pesticides and the purpose of cover crop normal growth, realized not applying pesticides substantially and the target of Pest Control.But the blank spot that many researchs and application are still arranged, as the local duck of rice field fence utilization in the double cropping rice area from the rice damage by disease and insect of harnessing the river; Rice field fence low-consumption high-efficiency is supported duck control rice pest.Simultaneously, foreign study and application focus on ecological benefits, and economic benefit is not outstanding, is difficult to become the conscious action of peasant household.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the stable function that system is kept in a kind of self-control that utilizes natural ecosystems, reconstruction, recovery etc.; utilize the technology of rice field rail duck raising low-consumption high-efficiency biological control rice pest, play not applying pesticides and the effect of cover crop normal growth.
The present invention utilizes the short mutually effect of interbiotic cross complaint in the biological chain that forms between paddy rice, damage by disease and insect, duckweed, the duck 4 class biologies, rationally arrange biological time and the space that forms compound population of 4 classes, and combine according to each growth regularity of paddy rice, improve the rice-duck intergrowth ecotope, realize a kind of nuisancelessization of rice duck product, nutrient laden, foster mode.The adjusting behavior of the present invention's natural imitation ecosystem in artificial ecological system is supported duck control disease, worm, crop smothering generation by rice, play in the crop production and to reduce applications of pesticide amount or applying pesticides not, and produce the effect of pollution-free food product, the increase rice field output value.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
1, duckling is selected.Select all stronger middle-size and small-size good duck varieties of vitality, adaptive faculty, resistance,, duck can freely be walked in the rice field look for food to adapt to the rice cropping characteristics of " alveole dense planting ".
2, the rice field is selected.The rice field range of choice is very wide, and is fertile with soil property, and the water source is convenient, plankton, and the abundant rice field of food organisms such as zoobenthos is suitable.
3, build the ridge of dwelling, duck shed.The ridge of dwelling is built and to be entreated Tanaka.The ridge of dwelling is two ridge one ditch shape, drags for mud by the centre and builds the ridge to both sides, and the ridge exceeds water surface 20-25 centimetre, and is wide 33 centimetres, 65 centimetres of furrow widths, dark 50 centimetres.Perch the length on the ridge, by 25 centimetres of calculating of every duck, only whenever be equipped with duck 25-30, mu need be perched ridge 6.5-7.5 rice.Select one jiao in the field, by the orientation that sits in the north facing the south, every Tian Jianyi duck shed.The size of duck shed is by square metre of calculating of 10 plumage ducks.
4, anti-the escaping of placing obstacles.Be compiled into fence with bamboo, branch etc., density can not be passed through degree of being with the duckling of just having put in a suitable place to breed.With the rice field is that nature mound piece will be all around, and the fence height is advisable with 35-45 centimetre, and the bamboo bar fixes, and all ridges are higher than 45 centimetres, and wall precipitous smooth person in the ridge can not enclose, a part that the levee-surrounded field ridge is low (comprising intake-outlet).
5, put in a suitable place to breed in good time.Throw in the 20-25 age in days, the duckling of individual weight 150-250 gram.The time of putting in a suitable place to breed grasp plant turn green after, put about 25 for general every mu in the medium fertility field, put about 30 in first-class fertility field.
6, cultivate bait.Do well to cultivate based on the biological feed of duckweed.Chase after livestock and poultry liquid dung 300-500 kilogram (avoid and chase after human excrement), superphosphate 1.5-2 kilogram every 10-15 days mu after putting duckweed.
7, feed supplement rationally.The main protein that lacks in the balanced feed, mineral matter, the trace element of replenishing.The reference western language that replenishes material is (%): corn 40, wheat bran 25, paddy 10, soya-bean cake 15, fish meal 5, smoothers 2, calcium carbonate 2.5, salt 0.5.Duckling is determined the supplementary feeding amount morning, each feed supplement in evening 1 time by the principle of " hello foot in morning in hello half-full evening ".Only throwing the small amount of supplemental material in every morning later on urgees to fatten.
8, patrol the field management.The one, water layer management, paddy rice jointing, booting, heading stage, water requirement was big, can irritate deep water, and the general rice field depth of water should remain on more than 10 centimetres; The 2nd, a situation arises to check rice disease and pest; The 3rd, observe the active situation of duck group in the field, whether grow normal, and fence has or not breakage.
9, prevent and treat eqpidemic disease.Lysol sterilization apparatus with 25%, 2% quicklime emulsion sterilization fence.Give the duck vaccine inoculation, with the inoculation of 20 ages in days better,, perform emergency processing as unusual circumstance.
10, suitable harvest duck.Paddy rice enters the seed that the looses after date of bending over, and regain Tanaka in good time and become duck.Early, late rice gathered in the crops preceding 15 days, duck regained or enclose in the duck shed of field.
Owing to adopted the technique scheme rice field rail duck raising of sleeping in the open, can guarantee that paddy rice realizes high yield and low cost, it is active to have given full play to duck, and the life habit that duty is looked for food is up to intertill and clean tillage, eat the effect of worm getting fat; Can effectively control the generation of weeds, coordinate paddy rice individuality and colony, colony and weeds, contradiction such as win honour for, try to make a good showing; Can improve Rice Population ventilation and penetrating light condition, the generation of control banded sclerotial blight; Can enrich paddy rice fringe granulated fertilizer on a small quantity equably, thereby raising is subtracted the fringe rate, ripening rate and thousand kernel weight are guaranteed paddy rice realization high yield and low cost up to tangible effect; Can play the effect of biological control to paddy rice; The active round the clock habit of looking for food of duck has been given full play to after sleeping in the open and supporting duck in the rice field, makes the insect of diel movement all have an opportunity to be eaten up; Can make full use of biological feedstuff abundant in the rice field, make duck get the food zooplankton, zoobenthos and the grain that falls into Tanaka, becoming evil turns waste into wealth, and significantly reduces foster duck cost; Can utilize the ecological condition of " sleeping in the open in the rice field ", guarantee that duck gets food and have a rest freely, short it is strong long; Also avoided duck excrement contaminated environment simultaneously, problem such as unhealthful; So; the invention provides a kind of self-control that utilizes natural ecosystems, reconstruction, recovery etc. and keep the stable function of system; utilize the technology of rice field rail duck raising low-consumption high-efficiency biological control rice pest; reach not applying pesticides and the purpose of cover crop normal growth; non-harmful product is provided, has improved the resident's income and the general level of the health.
Embodiment:
Be managed on a fairly large scale.Till the land according to minute family, per 30 mu of concentrated principle of tending ducks is selected a peasant household that certain technical foundation is arranged, and carries out zoology breeding.Be that farming is operated each family and is responsible for, rice field irrigation and drainage rail duck raising and control Chinese caterpillar fungus disease are by the raise ducks specialized household centralized and unified management.
Auxiliary plant protection technology.Tend ducks by fence and to have improved the environmental condition of cultivation, damage by disease and insect will significantly reduce.But southern rice district has long situation of rainy weather duration to take place, and may produce harm such as serious banded sclerotial blight and rice blast, therefore must be aided with biological agent control and the control of other physical methods.Major technique is as follows:
1 〉, under the seed soaking seedling rice varieties during water, the limewash with 2% was sterilized 24 hours.
2 〉, transplant made good use of in preceding 7 days rice pulvis control rice blast, but the water conservation rice time of infertility must not rice blast.
3 〉, the preventing and treating optimum period of banded sclerotial blight, with the mould clear control of 12.5% line.
4 〉, during the rice leaf roller great outburst, the control of thousand victory pulvis of available 8000 units.
5 〉, per 60 mu of rice fields, with lamp installed on farms to catch insects in night time trapping adult, requiring does not have crop within following 5 meters of the lamp.
The rice field duck raising technology scheme of sleeping in the open:
1, duckling is selected.Select all stronger middle-size and small-size good duck varieties of vitality, adaptive faculty, resistance, as the Sichuan sheldrake, lake, shore sheldrake, Jianchang ducks etc. to adapt to the rice cropping characteristics of " alveole dense planting ", can freely walk duck and look for food in the rice field.
2, the rice field is selected.The rice field range of choice is very wide, and is fertile with soil property, and the water source is convenient, plankton, and the rice field that food organisms such as zoobenthos are enriched is the most suitable.During early rice is selected 12 days excellent morning etc. kind; Late rice is selected No. 11, Hunan Xian in evening, kinds such as farming fragrant 98.Early rice is planted based on throwing, and late rice inserts based on hand.Note planting density, rice field is thrown and is planted density early rice 20,000 root and stem of certain plants, 150,000 seedlings, late rice 1.8 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants, 120,000 seedlings.After transplanting, the land for growing field crops requires dark water about the long-term 3cm of maintenance; Do not use weed killer herbicide and chemical pesticide, other field management are consistent with the general energy cultivation of paddy rice.Mu is executed people's animal manure 30 loads, and the silicomanganese composite fertilizer of 50 kilogram of 20% content disposable " warehouse-in " makes base manure.Because fertilizer that duck produced can constantly replenish the basic need of paddy growth desired nutritional, so spraying fertilizer again.
3, build the ridge of dwelling, duck shed.The ridge of dwelling is the place of perching for duck, should build Tanaka and entreat.The ridge of dwelling is two ridge one ditch shape, drags for mud by the centre and builds the ridge to both sides, and the ridge exceeds water surface 20-25 centimetre, and is wide 33 centimetres, 65 centimetres of furrow widths, dark 50 centimetres.Perch the length on the ridge, by 25 centimetres of calculating of every duck, only whenever be equipped with duck 25-30, mu need be perched ridge 6.5-7.5 rice.For making duck that certain inhabitation be arranged, laying eggs, avoid heat, keep away the place of calamity, select one jiao in the field, by the orientation that sits in the north facing the south, every Tian Jianyi duck shed.The size of duck shed is by square metre of calculating of 10 plumage ducks.Dig under duck shed about one 2 square metres, 0.4 meter dark water hole, and open up wide 0.35 meter, dark 0.3 a meter cross ditch in the field is used for water storage, so that duck is had a bath and water intaking during arid.
4, anti-the escaping of placing obstacles.Available bamboo, branch etc. are compiled into fence, and density can not be passed through degree of being with the duckling of just having put in a suitable place to breed.With the rice field is that nature mound piece will be all around, and the fence height is advisable with 35-45 centimetre, and the bamboo bar fixes, and all ridges are higher than 45 centimetres, and wall precipitous smooth person in the ridge can not enclose, a part that the levee-surrounded field ridge is low (comprising intake-outlet).Refer to nylon net 2-2.5 kilograms for every mu standby 4, enclose along the field, 0.6 meter of height, every 1.5-2 rice supports with 1 little bamboo bar, escapes jumping in order to prevent duck, and the distance that purse seine is can be from the field certain is so that enclose the jail in a down-to-earth manner.
5, put in a suitable place to breed in good time.Sleeping in the open and support duck in the rice field, should establish and put the 20-25 age in days, the duckling of individual weight 150-250 gram.The time of putting in a suitable place to breed should grasp plant turn green after, put about 25 for general every mu in the medium fertility field, put about 30 in first-class fertility field, in order to the performance ecological benefits.Duckling is gone to the field the time: hatching back about 20-25 days, every plumage duck reach the 100-150 gram can go to the field, and before going to the field, is placed on rice field duck shed endoadaptation 2-3 days earlier.Become duck directly to go to the field, tend ducks the time: early rice threw back 15 days, planted back 12 days, and late rice threw back 12 days, planted back 10 days.
6, cultivate bait.Do well to cultivate based on the biological feed of duckweed.According to surveying and determination, duck is active round the clock, get food based on blue or green duckweed for the rice field biological feed of, red duckweed on average every be 0.83 kilogram.Chase after livestock and poultry liquid dung 300-500 kilogram (avoid and chase after human excrement) every 10-15 days mu after putting duckweed, superphosphate 1.5-2 kilogram accomplishes that the recruitment of duckweed is slightly larger than the consumption of duck.
7, feed supplement rationally.The main protein that lacks in the balance drink that replenishes, mineral matter, trace element makes duck long stocky, and size is neat.The reference western language that replenishes material is (%): corn 40, wheat bran 25, paddy 10, soya-bean cake 15, fish meal 5, smoothers 2, calcium carbonate 2.5, salt 0.5.Duckling is determined the supplementary feeding amount morning, each feed supplement in evening 1 time by the principle of " hello foot in morning in hello half-full evening ".Only throwing the small amount of supplemental material in every morning later on urgees to fatten.Duckling after the hatching cooperated with corn, rice and to feed in preceding 10 days, after 12-15 days, added cereal beverages such as paddy, corn with rice and supported 5-6 days, and laying period, every plumage can replenish paddy feed 100-120 gram every day.
8, patrol the field management.When newly-hatched duckling is put in a suitable place to breed, just rice plant of tillering stage, should strengthen patrolling the field management.The one, water layer management, paddy rice jointing, booting, heading stage, water requirement was big, can irritate deep water, and the general rice field depth of water should remain on more than 10 centimetres.The 2nd, a situation arises to check rice disease and pest.The 3rd, observe the active situation of duck group in the field, whether grow normal, and fence has or not breakage, pinpoints the problems in time to solve.
9, prevent and treat eqpidemic disease.All feeds mouldy, smelly corruption can not be fed duck, must abandon.Lysol sterilization apparatus with 25%, 2% quicklime emulsion sterilization fence.Duck plague is a viral infectious, must give duck vaccine inoculation enhancing immunity, with the inoculation of 20 ages in days better, as unusual circumstance, performs emergency processing.
10, suitable harvest duck.Paddy rice enters the seed that the looses after date of bending over, and regain Tanaka in good time and become duck.Because duck at this moment is generally all long, and the material resources of searching for food are extremely strong to about 2 kilograms every, sell as untimely withdrawal, the ripe grain of will searching for food causes the paddy rice underproduction.Early, late rice gathered in the crops preceding 15 days, duck regained or enclose in the duck shed of field.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of rail duck raising technology in paddy field, it is characterized in that: the adjusting behavior of the natural imitation ecosystem in artificial ecological system, utilize the short mutually effect of interbiotic cross complaint in the biological chain that forms between paddy rice, damage by disease and insect, duckweed, the duck 4 class biologies, rationally arrange biological time and the space that forms compound population of 4 classes, and combine according to each growth regularity of paddy rice, improve the rice-duck intergrowth ecotope, realize a kind of nuisancelessization of rice duck product, nutrient laden, foster mode.
2, a kind of rail duck raising technology in paddy field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the technical scheme of employing is:
(1), duckling is selected
Select all stronger middle-size and small-size good duck varieties of vitality, adaptive faculty, resistance,, duck can freely be walked in the rice field look for food to adapt to the rice cropping characteristics of " alveole dense planting ".
(2), the rice field is selected
The rice field range of choice is very wide, and is fertile with soil property, and the water source is convenient, plankton, and the abundant rice field of food organisms such as zoobenthos is suitable.
(3), build the ridge of dwelling, duck shed
Dwell base, the ridge in the Tanaka centre, be two ridge one ditch shape, drag for mud by the centre and build the ridge to both sides, the ridge exceeds water surface 20-25 centimetre, wide 33 centimetres, 65 centimetres of furrow widths, dark 50 centimetres, the length of perching the ridge, by 25 centimetres of calculating of every duck, only whenever be equipped with duck 25-30, mu need be perched ridge 6.5-7.5 rice; Select one jiao in the field, by the orientation that sits in the north facing the south, every Tian Jianyi duck shed, the size of duck shed is by square metre of calculating of 10 plumage ducks.
(4), anti-the escaping of placing obstacles
Be compiled into fence with bamboo, branch etc., density can not be passed through degree of being with the duckling of just having put in a suitable place to breed; With the rice field is that nature mound piece will be all around, and the fence height is advisable with 35-45 centimetre, and the bamboo bar fixes, and all ridges are higher than 45 centimetres, and wall precipitous smooth person in the ridge can not enclose, part that the levee-surrounded field ridge is low and intake-outlet.
(5), put in a suitable place to breed in good time
Throw in the 20-25 age in days, the duckling of individual weight 150-250 gram; The time of putting in a suitable place to breed grasp plant turn green after, put about 25 for general every mu in the medium fertility field, put about 30 in first-class fertility field.
(6), cultivate bait
Do well to cultivate, chase after livestock and poultry liquid dung 300-500 kilogram every 10-15 days mu, superphosphate 1.5-2 kilogram after putting duckweed based on the biological feed of duckweed.
(7), feed supplement rationally
The main protein that lacks in the balanced feed that replenishes, mineral matter, trace element, the reference western language that replenishes material is (%): corn 40, wheat bran 25, paddy 10, soya-bean cake 15, fish meal 5, smoothers 2, calcium carbonate 2.5, salt 0.5; Duckling is pressed the principle of " hello foot in morning in hello half-full evening " and determines the supplementary feeding amount morning, each feed supplement in evening 1 time, only throws the small amount of supplemental material in every morning later on and urgees to fatten.
(8), patrol the field management
The one, water layer management, paddy rice jointing, booting, heading stage, water requirement was big, can irritate deep water, and the general rice field depth of water should remain on more than 10 centimetres; The 2nd, a situation arises to check rice disease and pest; The 3rd, observe the active situation of duck group in the field, whether grow normal, and fence has or not breakage.
(9), prevent and treat eqpidemic disease
Lysol sterilization apparatus with 25%, 2% quicklime emulsion sterilization fence; Give the duck vaccine inoculation, with the inoculation of 20 ages in days better,, perform emergency processing as unusual circumstance.
(10), suitable harvest duck
Paddy rice enters the seed that the looses after date of bending over, and regain Tanaka in good time and become duck, early, late rice gathered in the crops preceding 15 days, duck is regained or encloses in the duck shed of field.
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