CN1608450A - Method of aquicuturing Northeast white shrimp in marsh and rice land of high and cold area - Google Patents
Method of aquicuturing Northeast white shrimp in marsh and rice land of high and cold area Download PDFInfo
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- CN1608450A CN1608450A CNA2003101099410A CN200310109941A CN1608450A CN 1608450 A CN1608450 A CN 1608450A CN A2003101099410 A CNA2003101099410 A CN A2003101099410A CN 200310109941 A CN200310109941 A CN 200310109941A CN 1608450 A CN1608450 A CN 1608450A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural technology, and is method of aquiculturing Northeast white shrimp in marsh and rice land of high and cold area. The aquiculturing process includes constructing field engineering, transplanting rice seedling, gathering and raising shrimp fry, rice land water management, shrimp raising management, reasonable fertilizer and pesticide application and further raising of shrimp after autumn. The said process can obtain commodity shrimp of 450-900 kg each square hm while slightly increasing the yield of rice. The aquiculturing process of shrimp can promote the growth of rice.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aquaculture of agricultural technology field, is the method for the white shrimp in a kind of high and cold area marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast.
Technical background
The white shrimp in Northeast China is the distinctive aquatic crustaceans of the Three River Plain, northeast Swampy Areas, also is the edible shrimps of the individual maximum fresh water in this district, and its taste, nutrition all can match in excellence or beauty with river crab, have bigger fishery economic and are worth.In the locality, can fish for this seed shrimp 10～90kg for each person every day, be that Swampy Areas have the aquatic resources that can catch value, stock number is abundanter.But the deficiency of edible fishes on the market has been filled up in year-round provision market, swap market aquatic products supply effectively.Except that edible, it still is the high-quality protein bait of wild duck, mandarin fish, catfish, snakehead, brachymystax lenok, the contour value edible fishes of taimen and economic animal.Because long-term transition is fished for, and causes the white shrimp resource in northeast to fail gradually, output reduces day by day.Therefore, carry out propagate artificially comparatively necessary.Simultaneously, the white shrimp feeding habits in northeast are wide, and bait solves easily, can also directly pasture and water and organic detritus be converted into animal protein, and energy conversion efficiency is higher, helps propagating artificially.
Rice cultivation is the main path of marshland comprehensive agricultural development, and area is bigger, and it is wide to distribute.Utilize rice field development aquaculture, be a kind of ecological agricultural model that agricultural planting is combined with aquaculture of aquatic animal, the face that flattens plantation has improved the rice field comprehensive benefit for the three dimensional-planting-breeding exploitation, be that Swampy Areas increase grain and output of aquatic products, improve the better approach of peasant economy income.The paddy field aquaculture crawdad promptly is one of this ecological agricultural model, and the white shrimp output in northeast can reach 450～900kg/hm
2, 4500～9000 yuan/hm of newly-increased income
2
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to the biology characteristics of the white shrimp in northeast and the paddy growth demand to the water yield, take suitable technical measures, build the ecotope that is fit to white shrimp in northeast and paddy rice symbiosis mutual benefit, purpose provides the method for a kind of cold district white shrimp in marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast.
Main contents of the present invention comprise following technical measures.
1, irrigation facility.The suitable rice field area 1000～2000m that cultures the white shrimp in northeast
2, to the east of, the west to fillet field best results.Excavation " order " shape open fire ditch digs a string heart ditch along length direction more earlier, and specification is wide 40～50cm suitable for reading, about following bottom width 30cm, and dark 30～40cm, the open fire ditch gross area accounts for 5%～10% of field face area.The soil that digs out is placed on the same side of ditch equably, forms earth steps and perch, can reduce the chance that shrimp keeps to the edge and flees like this for shrimp.Cause surface dust to pile up for avoiding shrimp to dig a hole, silt the open fire ditch up, also should be on the ditch slope far from face 15～20cm place, field, along the limes marginis horizontal direction, far away every 30～40cm, stab into the delegation cave with the tapered waddy in the lower end about diameter 10cm, the degree of depth 15～20cm, and should be interspersed with the cave of inclination angle on 15 ° 20 ° of field face, can prevent fight mutually between individuality.The irrigation facility measure will finish before the soaked field, rice field.
2, the reasonable rice transplanting of paddy rice.During rice transplanting, rational close planted in the open fire ditch both sides 1.0m scope far away, constant to guarantee the paddy rice basic seedling amount, with 120～130 strains/m
2Be advisable.And the rice row is vertical with the open fire ditch as far as possible, helps shrimp and enters rice row foraging activity.After the rice transplanting, in the open fire ditch, introduce a fine variety duckweed, supply the hidden of early stage juvenile prawn and perch, the part green forage is provided simultaneously.
3, the shrimp seed is originated and puts in a suitable place to breed.Solve white shrimp seed and mainly contain two approach, the one, artificial propagation, the 2nd, from natural water body, fish for.Because the Swampy Areas natural water body is more, the white shrimp resource in northeast is very abundant, and used seed all can be fished for from natural water body.Want SC when fishing for, in order to avoid the appendage of damaging.After juvenile prawn is taken net, wash mud off with clear water, in the big basin of packing into then, the transportation of band suitable quantity of water, and can not too push.Begin to throw in the shrimp seedling behind the rice striking root.General stocking rate is at 1～3 tail/m
2Stocking size is neat as far as possible, the disposable foot of putting.Disperse throw in along the open fire ditch, density is even, prevent local overstocked, otherwise then cause between individuality and fight mutually, kill and devour, be lowered into motility rate.When seed is transported to Tian Bianhou, it is approaching to regulate big basin water temperature and water in field temperature earlier, and the temperature difference is slowly put into water along the open fire limes marginis again less than 3 ℃, and it is climbed in the water voluntarily.
4, water quantity management.Culture the rice field of the white shrimp in northeast, in the phase, no matter how water requirement changes, and all will guarantee open fire ditch full water at rice growth, does not arbitrarily change water level, prevents to cause resettlement of white shrimp cave or long-time dry being exposed in the air because of the water level big rise and big fall.During the draining of paddy rice dry field, the rice field water level exceeds to reduce to field face no water layer, and water level must not be lower than 10cm under the face of field in the open fire ditch, otherwise will be toward the new water of filling in the ditch.In order to keep water quality pure and fresh, the dissolved oxygen content abundance, 7, changed one time water every 2～3 days August, method is to discharge 60%～70% of the field water yield at every turn, and then fills it up with.Changing the water time will carry out when 13～15 temperature are higher.The new water water temperature of filling and the temperature difference of water in field should not surpass 5 ℃, as reentering the field through after the sunning water pool intensification oxygenation earlier with underground water.During water filling, current are little, prevent that anxious water from dash irritating, and cause the water quality muddiness, the normal growth that disturbs crawdad with perch.
5, aquaculture management.The aquaculture management of the white shrimp in northeast mainly comprises two aspect contents.The one, the feed of throwing something and feeding.Be to replenish the deficiency of natural bait in the rice field, early August was thrown sufficient vegetable feed such as green grass class, soya-bean cake, corn flour etc. in the past, accounted for 80% of total feeding volume; Increase feeding volume such as trash fish, shrimp, spiral shell, freshwater mussel, meat and the aquatic insect etc. of feed of animal origin after the mid-August, account for 60% of total feeding volume.Evenly spread throwing once from bank, open fire ditch both sides respectively with post sunset before sunrise every day, prevent the long-pending heap of feed.The feeding volume in a vegetative period is at 600～750kg/hm
2Except that the feed of throwing something and feeding, the quicklime of every about 15 days, splashing one time during the breed, consumption 20～30g/m
3Water body to regulate water pH value, remains between 7.5～8.5 the pH value, simultaneously, increases calcareous content in the water layer, also has the effect of sterilizing prevent disease.
6, the rational application of fertilizer and use agricultural chemicals.The white shrimp in wild northeast is comparatively responsive, especially more responsive in juvenile stage to the toxic action based on the chemical fertilizer of ammonium fertilizer and agricultural chemicals.Therefore, culture the rice field of the white shrimp in northeast and will pay attention to organic fertilizer, not to fertilize, and based on basal dressing, and strict restriction pesticide dosage.General way is: rake the soil level 18～22 tons/hm of organic fertilizer in conjunction with the soaked field before the rice transplanting
2Between feeding period, impose fertilizer one time every about 7～10 days, consumption is 30～40g/m
3Water body; Use the drug blockage weeding before the rice transplanting, do not re-use weed killer herbicide after the rice transplanting; Adopt artificial disinsection method to replace the agricultural chemicals deinsectization, promptly drive with rod, a large amount of insects are fallen into the water ingested, but it goes up the control insect pest by shrimp through the field of being everlasting; Take the thin spray-on process of low capacity to use a small amount of agricultural chemicals, the common rice diseases of marshland such as control rice blast.
7, continuous after autumn supporting.Mid-September, the water temperature during paddy rice harvesting still at 10 ℃ more than 2, can reach more than 14 ℃ noon on daytime, can also satisfy the normal growth needs of shrimp.Catch specification for having improved, increase output, utilize the lower biology characteristics of the white shrimp growth thermophilic in northeast, can suitably postpone the time of catching.Its way is, when paddy rice begins draining in autumn dry field, keeps 80%～90% the water yield in the open fire ditch, and lowest water level is not less than 10cm under the face of field, continuous supporting to having cut paddy rice.Take this method, can accomplish to support shrimp and neither delay, simultaneously, also can keep open fire ditch and cave to exempt from destruction, can continue next year to use, generally can use continuously 2～3 years with the harvesting paddy rice.The field face is flooded in the intact water filling at once of paddy rice harvesting, the depth of water 5～10cm, and shrimp is food and continued growth with residual leaf fragment, grass-seed, the grain of rice and the weeds etc. of the rice stubble that rots, rice straw just.During continuous the supporting and after water filling floods the field face, every day 18～19 feed of animal origin of throwing something and feeding a time.October 15～20 fished for when water temperature is reduced to below 5 ℃ again.Adopt continuous after autumn measure of supporting, can prolong 15～20 days vegetative period of shrimp, overall productivity can improve 4%～7%.
Result of the test shows, adopts method of the present invention to culture the white shrimp in northeast, and commodity output can reach 450～900kg/hm
2, individual specification is at 25～30g/ tail.In the breeding process, shrimp can ingest and fall in the water weeds and the insect harmful to paddy rice, but its foraging activity ploughing and weeding water body also help water body and heat, excreta can be used as the fertilizer water body of fostering and apply fertilizer; The ineffective tillering of rice root and blade also can be used as the vegetable feed of shrimp, reduce the loss of rice nutrition.These factors all can promote rice growth, are guaranteeing that under the nondecreasing situation of basic seedling amount, rice yield also slightly increases.On the other hand, paddy rice also provides good hidden environment for shrimp.In this ecosystem, shrimp plays the effect of biological weed control, culture fertility and diseases prevention deinsectization, thereby has reduced the amount of application of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals.Therefore, the present invention is a kind of " ecological, environmental protective benefit type " agriculture breeding pattern.
Embodiment
Application example: adopt the present invention at the Three River Plain, Northeast China Swampy Areas, carried out the experimental study of the white shrimp in marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast.The test region is located in the area of high latitudes of 46 °～48 ° of north latitude, and winter severe cold, frozen soil layer can reach more than the 2m, and the water body ice sheet 180～200 days ice periods, belongs to high and cold area at 1.0～1.5m.Two growth seasons have been carried out in test altogether.Test area 3000m
2, the long 75m of East and West direction, the wide 40m in north-south.Adopt specification of the present invention and method excavation open fire ditch.Except that on every side along the open fire ditch of ridge, excavates three open fire ditches again along south-north direction in the middle of the face of field, excavate a string heart ditch again along East and West direction then, 1.0～1.5m is excavated at each intersection point place
2Side hole.The open fire face accounts for 8.5%～12.0% of paddy field area.Open fire ditch excavation finishes, and builds the cave of shrimp again according to method of the present invention.Execute fermentation fertilizer 7500kg/hm before the rice transplanting
2, use the drug blockage weeding simultaneously.During rice transplanting, the row in open fire ditch both sides 1.0～1.5m scope far away, cave are apart from reducing to 18cm * 8cm or 12cm * 5cm by the nonoculture field 30cm * 14cm that does not culture.After the rice transplanting 5～7 days, begin to throw in the shrimp seedling during rice striking root.Stocking model A throws in the juvenile prawn 73.1kg/hm that average specification is the 2.97g/ tail altogether
2(24600 tails/hm
2); Stocking model B throws in the juvenile prawn 105.8kg/hm that average specification is the 3.64g/ tail altogether
2(29000 tails/hm
2).The water quantity management between feeding period and the feed of throwing something and feeding all adopt method of the present invention.Beginning draining dry field adopts continuous breeding method of the present invention to raise to and fished for water outlet on October 20 about September 5.The output of stocking model A is 525.6kg/hm
2, the survival rate of shrimp is 77.4%, average specification 27.6g/ tail, and the continuous period average weightening finish 1.24g/ tail of supporting increases output 23.56kg/hm
2, amplification 4.48%; The output of stocking model B is 807.9kg/hm
2, the survival rate of shrimp is 88.5%, average specification 31.4g/ tail, and the continuous period average weightening finish 2.14g/ tail of supporting increases output 55.06kg/hm
2, amplification 6.86%.
Claims (7)
1, the method for the white shrimp in a kind of high and cold area marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast is characterized in that selecting east-west fillet field, area 1000～3000m
2, excavation " order " font open fire ditch digs a punching ditch more earlier, and the specification of ditch is: wide 40～50cm suitable for reading, following bottom width 30cm, dark 30～40cm.The open fire ditch gross area accounts for 5%～10% of field face area, is unearthed to be stacked at a side of ditch, forms earth steps, apart from face 15～20cm place, field, stab delegation's duck eye, diameter 5～10cm in open fire ditch side slope, hole spacing 30～40cm, dark 15～20cm, the inclination angle between the direction in hole and the field face is 15 ° 20 °
The water body environment that the white shrimp in north lives naturally, the cave on the side slope of ditch both sides will be interspersed; During rice transplanting, rational close planted in open fire ditch both sides 1.0～1.5m scope far away, the rice row is vertical with the open fire ditch; The juvenile prawn seed is fished for from natural water body, is put in Tanaka behind rice striking root, and input density is 1～3 tail/m
2In rice growing season, guarantee in the open fire ditch full water all the time, can not arbitrarily change water level, throw something and feed simultaneously feed and water quality management; When rake the soil level in the soaked field in the rice field, organic fertilizer 18～22t/hm
2, imposed one time fertilizer 30～40g/m during the breed every 7～10 days
3Water body, and before rice transplanting, use the drug blockage weeding, no longer use weed killer herbicide after the rice transplanting; Adopt continuous after autumn way of supporting.
2, the method for the white shrimp in high and cold area marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast according to claim 1 when it is characterized in that fishing for juvenile prawn, is taken net with being careful, wash mud, the big basin of packing into, the transportation of band suitable quantity of water, can not too push, transport to Tian Bianhou, big basin water temperature of adjusting and water in field temperature are approaching earlier, the temperature difference is less than 3 ℃, slowly put into water along the open fire limes marginis again, throw in specification and want neat, the disposable foot of putting, disperse to throw in, density is even; The water level big rise and big fall are must guard against in rice field behind the input shrimp seedling, and especially when the dry field draining, exceed to drop to field face no water layer in the water in field position, water level can not be lower than 10cm under the face of field in the open fire ditch, simultaneously, also will keep water quality pure and fresh, dissolved oxygen content is abundant, more than 5.0mg/L.
3, the method for the white shrimp in high and cold area marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described continuous after autumn method of supporting is: during paddy rice draining in autumn, keep 80%～90% the water yield in the open fire ditch, water level is not less than 10cm under the face of field, continuous supporting to having cut paddy rice; After paddy rice had been cut, the field face was flooded in water filling immediately, the depth of water 5～10cm; During continuous the supporting and after the field face floods, every day 18～19 feed of animal origin of throwing something and feeding a time; When water temperature is reduced to below 5 ℃, begin to fish for into shrimp.
4, the method for the white shrimp in high and cold area marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described water quality management method is: during the breed, executed one time quicklime 20～30g/m every 10～15 days
3Water body); 7, changed one time water every 2～3 days August, when changing water, the temperature difference is no more than 3 ℃, and current are little.
5, the method for the white shrimp in high and cold area marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the method for the described feed of throwing something and feeding is: juvenile prawn is put in a suitable place to breed back during early August, and vegetable feed accounts for 70% of total feeding volume; Mid-August, feed of animal origin accounted for 60% before fish for.Preceding and the post sunset of sunrise every day spreads equably in open fire ditch both sides respectively and throws 1 time.
6, the method for the white shrimp in high and cold area marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that paddy rice has inserted seedling, introduces a fine variety duckweed in the open fire ditch, for early stage juvenile prawn provides hidden and the habitat, and provides the part green fodder during culturing.
7, the method for the white shrimp in high and cold area marshland paddy field aquaculture northeast according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that taking the thin method of spraying of low capacity, uses the agricultural chemicals of a small amount of control rice blast.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069936A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The cultural method of Taihu Lake white shrimp |
| CN107148929A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-12 | 湛江市千舟渔水产有限公司 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei canopy supports cold-resistant humidifying method |
| CN107173133A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-19 | 南宁学院 | A kind of method of marshland rice cultivation |
| CN109089799A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-28 | 安徽省鲜可达农业股份有限公司 | A kind of cultural method that rice shrimp educates altogether |
| CN110881432A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-17 | 浙江大学 | Ecological breeding method for rice field crayfishes |
| CN112797888A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-14 | 江苏电子信息职业学院 | Agricultural information industrialization system based on internet |
-
2003
- 2003-10-22 CN CNA2003101099410A patent/CN1608450A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069936A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The cultural method of Taihu Lake white shrimp |
| CN107173133A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-19 | 南宁学院 | A kind of method of marshland rice cultivation |
| CN107148929A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-12 | 湛江市千舟渔水产有限公司 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei canopy supports cold-resistant humidifying method |
| CN109089799A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-28 | 安徽省鲜可达农业股份有限公司 | A kind of cultural method that rice shrimp educates altogether |
| CN110881432A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-17 | 浙江大学 | Ecological breeding method for rice field crayfishes |
| CN112797888A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-14 | 江苏电子信息职业学院 | Agricultural information industrialization system based on internet |
| CN112797888B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-11-29 | 江苏电子信息职业学院 | Agricultural information industrialization system based on internet |
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