CN103027008B - Rice field ditch integrated ecological high-value rice and soft-shelled turtle planting and breeding method - Google Patents
Rice field ditch integrated ecological high-value rice and soft-shelled turtle planting and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice field ditch integrated ecological high-value rice and soft-shelled turtle planting and breeding method which comprises the following steps: 1, ruralizing a rice field and installing fences; 2, plowing the rice field; 3, transplanting rice; 4, putting soft-shelled turtles in the rice field and raising the soft-shelled turtles; 5, conducting field management; and 6, harvesting the rice and the soft-shelled turtles in good time. The method has the advantages that: 1, the foundation works of the rice field is optimized without reducing the area of the rice; 2, the foundation works of a rice ditch is optimized without destroying the structure of the rice field; 3, the landscape of the rice field is optimized to provide a good growth environment for the soft-shelled turtles; 4, a ladder type culture method is adopted to increase the planting and breeding density; and 5, the economic benefit of the rice field in a unit area is greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to zoology breeding method field, especially a kind of rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle ecological high level kind breeding method.
Background technology
At present, the rice field fish culture (soft-shelled turtle) that China promotes is produced in rice field, is dug " Jing Zigou ", " cross ditch ", and rice field also needs along ridge excavation 2-4 puddle, specification is 1-2 rice × 5-10 rice, be beneficial to surviving the winter and getting over the summer of soft-shelled turtle, thus minimizing rice field area is generally 10%-20%, paddy rice underproduction 10%-25%, is unfavorable for grain-production and safety.
Soft-shelled turtle is land and water amphibian, likes the waters inhabiting water cleaning, but also hobby gets sun (be commonly called as and shine the back of the body), the ultraviolet in sunlight is utilized to kill the pathogenic bacteria of body surface, promote the healing of injured body surface, improving body temperature by shining the back of the body, promoting food digestion; Having promoted paddy-field soft-shelled turtle culture needs rice field central authorities or periphery to assemble plateau, and shine the back of the body for soft-shelled turtle, this design occupies the actual usable floor area in rice field, in a disguised form reduces grain yield simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Platform of heap of stone of ditching is needed in order to overcome in existing paddy-field soft-shelled turtle culture technology, occupy rice field area, affect the deficiency of rice yield, the present invention aims to provide a kind of rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle ecological high level kind breeding method, this kind of breeding method by playing trapezoidal ridge in rice field, form ditch between ridge and ridge to migrate for soft-shelled turtle, the area of plane of Rice Cropping does not reduce, conversely, in growth process of riceplant, the secretion of root system can effectively regulate edaphon kind and ratio, thus optimizing water quality condition, for good condition is created in soft-shelled turtle growth, rice field area can be realized do not reduce, thus increase rice yield and culture benefit.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle ecological high level kind breeding method, is characterized in, comprises following implementation step:
1) rice field garden farming and fence are arranged; Carry out smooth to rice field, be provided with inlet channel in the one end in rice field, the other end is provided with the drain ditch be communicated with inlet channel, and this drain ditch furrow width is 1.0m-2.0m, and ditch depth is 1.5m-2.0m, and arranges fence in rice field surrounding; The bottom of trench laying depth of described drain ditch water inlet is the barrier of 5cm ~ 20cm, is provided with and anti-escapes net with ditch with dark above barrier, and to escape to be provided with on the net be highly the partition wall of 60cm ~ 100cm anti-; The bottom of trench laying depth of water side, described drain ditch is the barrier of 5cm ~ 20cm, above barrier, be provided with check dam, check dam is provided with and prevents escaping net, is preventing that escaping to be provided with is highly the partition wall of 60cm ~ 100cm on the net;
2) rice field is ploughed whole; Basal dressing on rice field, then ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m-0.7m, and ridge height is 0.3m-0.35m;
3) rice transplanting; Transplanting rice 3 root and stem of certain plants ~ 5, the every ridge root and stem of certain plants, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres, and line-spacing is 23.3 centimetres; The water layer of 5cm-15cm is kept in furrow;
4) soft-shelled turtle is thrown in and raises; Soft-shelled turtle is thrown in and adopts soft-shelled turtle to fatten pattern or soft-shelled turtle seedling input pattern, and the described soft-shelled turtle pattern of fattening refers to throws in individual weight 200 g ~ 350g, throws in 190 ~ 250 for every mu; Described soft-shelled turtle seedling pattern of throwing in refers to throws in individual weight 6 g ~ 50g, throws in 1000 ~ 5000 for every mu; Throw in twice soft-shelled turtle feed every day;
5) field management; Mainly comprise paddy rice management and soft-shelled turtle management, wherein soft-shelled turtle management refers to, prevention soft-shelled turtle disease occurs, disinfectant was adopted to carry out disinfection every 5 ~ 7, find that sick, dead soft-shelled turtle is cleared up in time, every 2 days ~ 3 daily inspection fences and rice field ridge situation, keep fence and ridge complete, find that soft-shelled turtle cave processes in time, find that escape soft-shelled turtle catches in time;
6) paddy rice and soft-shelled turtle are gathered in the crops in good time.
Be below the preferred technical scheme of the present invention:
Described fence height is 60cm ~ 100cm; Described drain ditch is inverted trapezoidal.
Throw in described every day twice soft-shelled turtle feed respectively the morning 9 time about and afternoon 5 time about, feed is based on clam shell meat, spiral shell meat and fishes and shrimps powder, and field insect, loach and yellow eel are auxiliary.
To rice field carry out smooth after, rice field square is turned to 3 mu ~ 100 mu, and the rice field square of square is divided into field, some mounds, field, every mound size is 1 mu ~ 3 mu.
Described anti-to escape net be wire netting or nylon wire, and described check dam height is 1m ~ 1.5m.
Described field adopts single single pattern of filling with to irrigate.
Many crossbeams are provided with above described drain ditch.
Described soft-shelled turtle is gathered in the crops in good time and refers to: the material meat comparision contents of soft-shelled turtle is high, and winter does not need to take food due to soft-shelled turtle hibernation again, according to market conditions, can select the good time listing of soft-shelled turtle price.
When throwing in soft-shelled turtle according to soft-shelled turtle pattern of fattening, in rice field, put duck in a suitable place to breed, can increase field availability on the one hand, can play inhibitory action to the damage by disease and insect in rice field on the other hand, concrete stocking method adopts existing method for growing duck in paddyfield.
Above method, in rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle of the present invention ecological high level kind breeding method, described rice field garden farming and fence arrange and refer to:
1) carry out smooth and square to field, with 3-100 mu not etc., field, every mound size is not with 1-3 mu etc. for square size; Field one establishes inlet channel, furrow width 0.3-0.5m, and the degree of depth is about 0.3m, and drain ditch is established in other end, furrow width 1.0-2.0m, and the degree of depth is 1.5-2.0m.
2) fencing material can be suited measures to local conditions, and can adopt bamboo, timber and construction material.Fence height is 0.6-1.0m, and width is depending on material, and the material such as bamboo, timber is to be sealed into master, and construction material suitably can stay certain width, is advisable with 0.2-0.3m, for people's walking (Fig. 1).
Described irrigation canals and ditches intake-outlet management refers to: field is poured water and adopted single single pattern of filling with to carry out.
Described irrigation canals and ditches retaining refers to: carry out in the drain ditch in the shape of falling ladder.
1) according to the streamflow regime in drain ditch, its water one end (front end) bottom of trench lays barrier, and the degree of depth is 0.05-0.2m, lays wire netting or nylon wire, set up the partition wall of 0.6-1.0m, prevent soft-shelled turtle escape above ditch with ditch depth.
2) the draining other end (end), bottom of trench lays barrier, and the degree of depth is 0.05-0.2m, adopts barrier to erect to be about the dam of 2/3 ditch depth in ditch; Remain 1/3 ditch depth and establish wire netting or nylon wire, with timely draining during abundant water, set up the partition wall of 0.6-1.0m above ditch, control soft-shelled turtle escapes simultaneously.
3) wire netting or nylon wire need be laid equally in the both sides of front end, drain ditch, and the dam height of end should adopt barrier to lay, and remain 1/3 ditch depth and should lay wire netting or nylon wire.
4) whole piece drain ditch will with field width for spacing distance, reserved crossbeam, and for laying straw braid above irrigation canals and ditches winter or construction material is prepared, lay-up will be suited measures to local conditions, and should choose the material light and handy, warmth retention property is good.As long in field width, can isometric segmentation again, lay crossbeam.
Whole referring to is ploughed in described rice field: undertaken by the method disclosed in patent of invention ZL201010233986.9 described by " paddy ladder type cultivation method ", use sufficient base manure, and its ridging width (bag ditch) is 0.6-0.7m, is highly 0.3-0.35m.
Described rice transplanting refers to: according to the mode of " paddy ladder type cultivation method " disclosed in patent of invention ZL201010233986.9, every ridge transplanting rice 4 root and stem of certain plants, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres, line-spacing is 23.3 centimetres, topdress in right amount, do not go and buy Chinese medicine, the extermination of disease and insect pest adopt physical control and put in a suitable place to breed soft-shelled turtle and duck control combine.Field needs long-term maintenance 5-15 centimetre of water layer, is not advisable by water logging with the half on ridge.
Described paddy rice management comprises water, fertilizer, Pest control, all manages with reference to existing method.
Described soft-shelled turtle is thrown in and refers to raising:
1) soft-shelled turtle is thrown in minimum with the cycle of raising is 1 year, is generally advisable with 3-5.
2) soft-shelled turtle pattern of throwing in has two kinds, and first soft-shelled turtle fattens pattern, throws in individual weight 200-350g, only throws in 190-250 for every mu; It two is that soft-shelled turtle seedling throws in pattern, throws in individual weight 6-50g, only throws in 1000-5000 for every mu.
3) soft-shelled turtle timing every day throws in twice feed, when the morning 9, when afternoon 5.Feed resource is based on clam shell meat, spiral shell meat and fishes and shrimps powder, and field insect, loach and yellow eel are auxiliary.
Described field management refers to:
1) prevent soft-shelled turtle disease to occur, regularly adopt chlorine-containing disinfectant to carry out disinfection, find to die of illness soft-shelled turtle, clear up in time.
2) prevent the escape of soft-shelled turtle, because soft-shelled turtle is good at digging a hole, therefore need to make regular check on fence and ridge situation, find that cave processes in time, and regularly go on patrol around field, find that escape soft-shelled turtle will catch in time.
Described soft-shelled turtle is gathered in the crops in good time and refers to: the material meat comparision contents of soft-shelled turtle is high, and winter does not need to take food due to soft-shelled turtle hibernation again.Therefore, according to market conditions, the good time listing of soft-shelled turtle price can be selected.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention by playing trapezoidal ridge in rice field, and form ditch between ridge and ridge and migrate for soft-shelled turtle, the area of plane of Rice Cropping does not reduce, and utilizes formation pond, drain ditch, survives the winter and avoid heat for soft-shelled turtle.Because paddy growth needs a large amount of mineral nutrition, the excreta produced in breeding soft-shell turtle process can supply paddy growth, conversely, in growth process of riceplant, the secretion of root system can effectively regulate edaphon kind and ratio, plays certain inhibitory action to soil germ, thus optimizing water quality condition, for good condition is created in soft-shelled turtle growth, finally realize rice field area not reduce, rice yield does not reduce, and culture benefit does not reduce.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of field of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the water inlet in drain ditch;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the water side in drain ditch.
In the drawings
1-barrier; 2-is anti-escapes net; 3-partition wall; 4-check dam; 5-drain ditch;
6-rice field; 7-fence; 8-inlet channel.
Embodiment
A kind of rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle of the present invention ecological high level kind breeding method is described in detail below in conjunction with a concrete test:
On March 20th, 2012, smooth and garden farming is carried out to field, mound block size 3 mu; Field one establishes inlet channel, furrow width 0.3m, and the degree of depth is 0.3m, and drain ditch 5 is established in other end, furrow width 1.5m, and the degree of depth is 1.5m.Fencing material selects construction material.Fence height is 0.6m, and width is 0.2m, walks for people.Field is poured water and is adopted single single pattern of filling with to carry out.
According to the streamflow regime in drain ditch, its water one end (front end) bottom of trench lays barrier, and the degree of depth is 0.2m, lays wire netting or nylon wire, set up the partition wall 3 of 0.6m above ditch with ditch depth.The draining other end (end), bottom of trench lays barrier, and the degree of depth is 0.2m, adopts barrier to erect to be about the dam of 2/3 ditch depth in ditch; Remain 1/3 ditch depth and establish wire netting or nylon wire, timely draining when being beneficial to abundant water, above ditch, set up the barrier of 0.6m simultaneously.Control soft-shelled turtle escapes.Wire netting or nylon wire need be laid equally in the both sides of front end, drain ditch, and the dam height of end should adopt barrier to lay, and remains 1/3 ditch depth and should lay wire netting or nylon wire.Whole piece drain ditch will with field width for spacing distance, reserved crossbeam, and for laying straw braid above irrigation canals and ditches winter or construction material is prepared, lay-up will be suited measures to local conditions, and should choose the material light and handy, warmth retention property is good.As long in field width, can isometric segmentation again, lay crossbeam.
On March 26th, 2012, undertaken by the method described by patent of invention technology " paddy ladder type cultivation technology ", use sufficient base manure, its ridging width (bag ditch) is 0.6cm, is highly 0.3m, every ridge transplanting rice 4 root and stem of certain plants, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres, and line-spacing is 23.3 centimetres, topdresses in right amount, do not go and buy Chinese medicine, the extermination of disease and insect pest adopt physical control and put in a suitable place to breed soft-shelled turtle and duck control combine.Field needs long-term maintenance 5-15 centimetre of water layer, is not advisable by water logging with the half on ridge.
Purchase soft-shelled turtle (kind Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis) on April 8th, 2012 and render to early rice (Hunan is No. 17, Xian early) Tanaka, 190 every mu (surviving 187), individual weight 358 grams, price 25 yuan/only.
Proceed on May 20th, 2012 in season rice (excellent No. 1 of kind Y two), every day, timing threw in twice feed, when the morning 9, when afternoon 5.Feed is based on clam shell meat, spiral shell meat and fishes and shrimps powder, and field insect, loach and yellow eel are auxiliary.
Prevention soft-shelled turtle disease occurs, and regularly adopts chlorine-containing disinfectant to carry out disinfection, finds to die of illness soft-shelled turtle, clear up in time.The escape of prevention soft-shelled turtle, because soft-shelled turtle is good at digging a hole, therefore needs to make regular check on fence and ridge situation, finds that cave processes in time, and regularly goes on patrol around field, finds that escape soft-shelled turtle will grab back in time.
On October 2nd, 2012, soft-shelled turtle is gathered in the crops, listing.
Following table is the income comparative analysis that the test of this paddy-field soft-shelled turtle culture is cultivated with conventional rice:
Note: 1. paddy calculates by 2.6 yuan/kg.2. net income=(grain yield income+soft-shelled turtle output income)-(soft-shelled turtle cost and feeding cost+fence cost+other material expense+recruitment are fixed a price for).3. rice field soft-shelled turtle is 3 peasants participation data.4. soft-shelled turtle product price: 160 yuan/kg.5. other material expense is made up of direct operating cost and indirect expense two part.Direct operating cost is containing 11 kinds of expenses: seed, fund of seed, and farmyard manure takes, and chemical fertilizer takes, and plastic film takes, agricultural chemicals expense, and animal power takes, and mechanical work is taken, irrigation and drainage expense, and fuels and energy is taken, frame fee of material, other direct manufacturing costs; Indirect expense is by containing 6 kinds of expenses: depreciation of fixed assets expense, initial stage expense is shared, and repairing purchased by small farm tools, land contract expense, administration fee and other manufacturing overhead margins, selling charges.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to these embodiments only for being illustrated more clearly in the present invention, and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
Claims (8)
1. a rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle ecological high level kind breeding method, is characterized in that, comprise following implementation step:
1) rice field garden farming and fence are arranged; Carry out smooth to rice field (6), be provided with inlet channel (8) in the one end of rice field (6), the other end is provided with the drain ditch (5) be communicated with inlet channel (8), and this drain ditch (5) furrow width is 1.0m-2.0m, ditch depth is 1.5m-2.0m, and arranges fence (7) in rice field (6) surrounding; The bottom of trench laying depth of described drain ditch (5) water inlet is the barrier (1) of 5cm ~ 20cm, is provided with anti-escapes net (2) with ditch with dark in barrier (1) top, and to escape net (2) is provided be highly the partition wall (3) of 60cm ~ 100cm anti-; The bottom of trench laying depth of described drain ditch (5) water side is the barrier (1) of 5cm ~ 20cm, check dam (4) is provided with in barrier (1) top, check dam (4) is provided with and prevents escaping net (2), preventing that escaping net (2) is provided with is highly the partition wall (3) of 60cm ~ 100cm;
2) rice field is ploughed whole; At rice field (6) upper basal dressing, then ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m-0.7m, and ridge height is 0.3m-0.35m;
3) rice transplanting; Transplanting rice 3 root and stem of certain plants ~ 5, the every ridge root and stem of certain plants, spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres, and line-spacing is 23.3 centimetres; The water layer of 5cm-15cm is kept in furrow;
4) soft-shelled turtle is thrown in and raises; Throw in individual weight 6 g ~ 50g, throw in 1000 ~ 5000 for every mu; Throw in twice soft-shelled turtle feed every day;
5) field management; Mainly comprise paddy rice management and soft-shelled turtle management, wherein soft-shelled turtle management refers to, prevention soft-shelled turtle disease occurs, disinfectant was adopted to carry out disinfection every 5 ~ 7, find that sick, dead soft-shelled turtle is cleared up in time, every 2 days ~ 3 daily inspection fences and rice field ridge situation, keep fence and ridge complete, find that soft-shelled turtle cave processes in time, find that escape soft-shelled turtle catches in time;
6) paddy rice and soft-shelled turtle are gathered in the crops in good time.
2. rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1 ecological high level kind breeding method, it is characterized in that, described fence height is 60cm ~ 100cm; Described drain ditch is inverted trapezoidal.
3. rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1 ecological high level kind breeding method, it is characterized in that, throw in described every day twice soft-shelled turtle feed respectively the morning 9 time about and afternoon 5 time about, feed is based on clam shell meat, spiral shell meat and fishes and shrimps powder, and field insect, loach and yellow eel are auxiliary.
4. rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1 ecological high level kind breeding method, it is characterized in that, to rice field carry out smooth after, rice field square is turned to 3 mu ~ 100 mu, and the rice field square of square is divided into field, some mounds, field, every mound size is 1 mu ~ 3 mu.
5. rice field ditch according to claim 1 integration rice soft-shelled turtle ecological high level kind breeding method, is characterized in that, describedly anti-ly escapes net (2) for wire netting or nylon wire, and described check dam height is 1m ~ 1.5m.
6. rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1 ecological high level kind breeding method, is characterized in that, described rice field adopts single single pattern of filling with to irrigate.
7. rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1 ecological high level kind breeding method, is characterized in that, be provided with many crossbeams above described drain ditch.
8. rice field ditch integration rice soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1 ecological high level kind breeding method, it is characterized in that, described soft-shelled turtle is gathered in the crops in good time and refers to: the material meat comparision contents of soft-shelled turtle is high, winter does not need to take food due to soft-shelled turtle hibernation again, according to market conditions, the good time listing of soft-shelled turtle price can be selected.
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| CN103348890B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-06-17 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | Method for comprehensively raising various types of aquatic livestock and cultivating paddy in paddy field |
| CN103733929B (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-11-25 | 湖北省水产技术推广中心 | A kind of production method of high-yield organic rice |
| CN103782940B (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-07-01 | 浙江海洋学院 | Recycle mixing type rice field culture method |
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| CN102369906A (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-03-14 | 姚莉莉 | Ecological paddy-field soft-shelled turtle culture method |
| CN102090291A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-06-15 | 上海春润水产养殖专业合作社 | Composite planting and cultivating method for rice, procambarus clarkii and soft-shelled turtle |
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Application publication date: 20130410 Assignee: Zhuzhou Meili Qingxi Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Hunan Agricultural University Contract record no.: X2024980016573 Denomination of invention: A high-value ecological planting and breeding method of rice turtle integrated with paddy field ditch Granted publication date: 20150415 License type: Common License Record date: 20240926 |