CN103907570A - Method of breeding earthworms and cultivating soft-shelled turtles in mulberry land by water hyacinth - Google Patents
Method of breeding earthworms and cultivating soft-shelled turtles in mulberry land by water hyacinth Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of breeding earthworms and cultivating soft-shelled turtles in a mulberry land by water hyacinth. The method includes the steps of directly fermenting the collected water hyacinth or crushing and fermenting the collected water hyacinth so as to obtain treated water hyacinth; making the treated water hyacinth and animal excrement into earthworm medium; irrigating every 1-2 days, keeping proper temperature and humidity of the earthworm medium, and after 15-40 days of breeding, continuously cultivating until earthworms climb out the earthworm medium; allowing the earthworms to climb out of the earthworm medium and enter a turtle activity range, and allowing the turtles to feed on the earthworms. The method has the advantages that a reasonable food chain of 'mulberry-base fishpond' is established, material cycle and energy flow of the parts are linked, and comprehensive benefit of a mulberry-base fishpond system is finally improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological cultivation method, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground.
Background technology
At present, fishery system in the whole nation is harnessing the river as the breach that advances culture fishery upgrading transition, " making the transition, short harnessing the river---modern ecological fishery construction is taken action " formulated in Zhejiang Province's plan, reduce the negative effect of the traditional fishery mode of production to environment, performance aquatile disappear " positive energy " of dirty water purification, promote the minimizing of the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area such as feed, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, reduce aquaculture total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
A large province of silkworm and mulberry is originally in Zhejiang Province, since the mid-90 in 20th century, because the fluctuation of the silk market price strengthens, the competitive pressure aggravation of agricultural industry internal market, unit are output benefit is not high, silkworm raiser's enthusiasm for production baffles, and obviously, the mulberry field area of the whole province constantly dwindles at present on sericulture there landslide.For extricating oneself from a predicament, put forth effort to strengthen silkworm and mulberry comprehensive utilization of resources research, extend industrial chain, improves added value, just seems and is even more important.
" mulberry fish pond " is actually a kind of composite artificial ecological structure, i.e. mulberry-silkworm-fish and water land ecosystem refers to the ecological recycle system pattern of " base kind mulberry, breed fish in the pool, mulberry leaf are raised silkworm, silkworm excrement is fed fish, pond sludge training mulberry "." mulberry fish pond " complex ecosystem is taking Sang Ji as basis, and fish pond is crucial.Fish pond itself is the basis that is input as with feed, fertilizer.Feed, fertilizer abundance, foster fish is also many, and shoal of fish excretion is larger, and pond bottom sediment is corresponding increase also, and this has formed richer material base concerning " supporting " base.From ecologic structure global analysis, obviously, the basic guarantee that " supporting " good base is " mulberry fish pond " Conversion of Energy and storage.This collection kind mulberry, the ecospecies cultivation pattern of breeding silkworms, breeding fish are the comprehensive circulation patterns of one that makes full use of land resources, performance biological production potentiality.
Breeding soft-shell turtle is mainly divided into three kinds of patterns at present, and one is greenhouse cultivation, and the advantage of greenhouse cultivation is soft-shelled turtle all Fast Growths whole year, and under nature soft-shelled turtle almost only at just Fast Growth in summer, its advantage relatively, shortcoming also clearly, maintain high temperature, thereby to consume a lot of fuel, because soft-shelled turtle is always in the Fast Growth stage, also to consume a large amount of feeds, therefore, greenhouse cultivation cost is very high, and in addition, greenhouse cultivation is serious environment pollution also; The second is that put in a suitable place to breed in fish pond, the soft-shelled turtle seedling general individual that put in a suitable place to breed in fish pond is larger, can first in greenhouse, cultivate a period of time, after more strong Deng the health of soft-shelled turtle seedling, transferring to fish pond puts in a suitable place to breed again, it is low that relative cost is put in fish pond in a suitable place to breed, but the soft-shelled turtle that put in a suitable place to breed in fish pond is not liked food very much, grows slow yet, generally needs within 3 years, just can grow up to above; The third is high ecologic breeding, high ecologic breeding is all generally directly the little soft-shelled turtle seedling of buying to be raised scattered in being mainly used in supporting the fish pond of four large Chinese carps, and cultivation density is very low, the pond of general 20 mu, only put hundreds of tail in a suitable place to breed, and in this hundreds of tail, most of meeting is by natural selection, on raiser's energy is placed on and breeds fish, the food of soft-shelled turtle is looked in pond by soft-shelled turtle oneself, soft-shelled turtle after growing up to is generally below hundred tails, sometimes surplus tail more than 10 even only, but this class soft-shelled turtle is popular on market, price is also very high.
Also do not have at present a kind of cultural method can accomplish that cost is low, growth is fast, high ecology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the problems of the technologies described above, thereby provide, a kind of production cost is relatively low, the method for growth phase to the relatively high cultivation soft-shelled turtle of very fast, ecological degree.Be to provide or rather a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses the above problem is as follows:
Utilize weter hyacinth in mulberry ground, to breed a method for vermiculture soft-shelled turtle, comprise the following steps:
1. gather fermentation: by the weter hyacinth direct fermentation collecting or broken after fermentation, obtain weter hyacinth handled thing;
2. medium processed: weter hyacinth handled thing and animal excrements are made to earthworm medium with the ratio of mass ratio 10～15:1;
3. earthworm breeds: watered one time water every 1-2 days, keep the suitable temperature and humidity of earthworm medium, temperature range is made as 15～25 DEG C, and top limit of humidity is made as earthworm medium matrix and pinches not water outlet; Breed and within 15～40 days, continue afterwards to cultivate until there is earthworm to climb out of earthworm medium;
4. naturally ingest: make earthworm climb out of earthworm medium and enter soft-shelled turtle scope of activities, the earthworm climbing out of is ingested by soft-shelled turtle.
As technique scheme preferably, described breeding soft-shell turtle is in mulberry fish pond, is with anti-ly to escape plate on the base of the described mulberry fish pond pool, tilting on the leeward slope, the pool facing south have the back of the body of solarization platform, and one of platform of the described solarization back of the body enters water; Described earthworm medium is stacked at the described anti-pool base of escaping to enclose in plate.
As technique scheme preferably, described weter hyacinth cultivates in mulberry fish pond; Described breeding soft-shell turtle density is 0.2～0.4 tail/m
2, weter hyacinth circle kind area accounts for 2/5～3/5 of water surface area.
As technique scheme preferably, in described mulberry fish pond, also cover is supported bighead and silver carp; Silver carp rearing density 0.2～0.25 tail/m
2, bighead breeding density is 0.010～0.02 tail/m
2.
As technique scheme preferably, step 1. in, described fermentation process is to cover 8～15 days with plastic film after nature is stacked.
As technique scheme preferably, step 2. in, described earthworm medium is that separate layer is the multilayer earthworm medium of stalk, earthworm medium bed thickness: separate layer bed thickness=3～7:1.
As technique scheme preferably, step 3. in, while watering, the water yield is wanted little but will irrigate earthworm medium, makes the moisture content of earthworm medium 65～75%.
As technique scheme preferably, step 4. in, when after 2-4 month, if earthworm climbs out of the quantity rareness of earthworm medium, to control the temperature and humidity of medium, breed successful earthworm and climb out of described earthworm medium thereby force; Temperature is controlled at 28～32 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at more than 75%; Described control temperature and humidity realizes by watering warm water.
As technique scheme preferably, step 4. in, if earthworm climbs out of the quantity rareness of earthworm medium, water described medium by watering the hot water of 35～38 DEG C, while watering, slowly evenly pour into from described earthworm medium top, hot water is flowed out from the bottom of described earthworm medium, and the hot water water temperature that records outflow reaches 20 DEG C or stop watering hot water when above.
As technique scheme preferably, described earthworm medium is stacked once every year again.
As technique scheme preferably, step 3. in, if temperature cannot maintain 15～25 DEG C, in the time of 25 DEG C of temperature >, ventilate to lower the temperature by turning, in the time of 15 DEG C of temperature <, be incubated by covered with plastic film, newly-increased described earthworm medium.
As technique scheme preferably, step 3. in, while watering, water noon in winter, water evening in summer, spring and autumn, season, watered daytime.
Ecologic breeding, ecological two words are mainly reflected on the food of soft-shelled turtle, if soft-shelled turtle eats is living food, so just can be referred to as ecology.If soft-shelled turtle not only eats living food, and before need to look for food on the feed, what need to waste time and energy to food arrests, and can be referred to as highly ecological.Can eat if soft-shelled turtle also will be stood for a long time without food, even, also finding after food life-and-death struggle with it, can be referred to as wild.According to above-mentioned definition, cultural method of the present invention is between ecological and highly between ecology, because before earthworm is formed, the food of soft-shelled turtle is taking feed as main, and after earthworm is formed, the food of soft-shelled turtle is mainly earthworm, if not enough, then spreads small part feed; During this, it is not artificial feeding that soft-shelled turtle eats earthworm, and this needs soft-shelled turtle oneself from fish pond, to climb up pool base, and then oneself finds earthworm.
The feeding effect of earthworm feedstuff is more much better than commercial feed, almost can meet all nutritional needs of all famous and precious aquatic livestocks.In Zhejiang Province, soft-shelled turtle has become special aquaculture key industry, and the East Sea also will promote the larger effect of earthworm performance without fish.The soft-shelled turtle survival rate that puts in a suitable place to breed in fish pond is low, feed coefficient is low, if select earthworm meat mincing or earthworm powder to feed soft-shelled turtle, the survival rate of soft-shelled turtle can promote greatly, and formation speed is relatively very fast, and individual healthy and strong well-balanced, quality might as well.The present invention is by extracting pond eutrophy and transfer techniques assembling mode; pond eutrophy is passed through to weter hyacinth; transfer the organic substrate that Sang Jizhong cultivates earthworm to; utilize Sang Ji vacant lot to breed earthworm; earthworm grows up to the interior environmental conditions of rear control medium; allow earthworm oneself climb out of, thereby set up artificially a kind of food chain, cultivate soft-shelled turtle by food chain technology.The present invention, by setting up the reasonable food chain of " mulberry fish pond ", couples together the material recycle of several parts and energy flow, finally improves mulberry fish pond system synthesis benefit.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention is by extracting pond eutrophy and transfer techniques assembling mode, pond eutrophy is passed through to weter hyacinth, transfer the organic substrate that Sang Jizhong cultivates earthworm to, utilize Sang Ji vacant lot to breed earthworm, earthworm grows up to the interior environmental conditions of rear control medium, allow earthworm oneself climb out of, thereby set up artificially a kind of food chain, cultivate soft-shelled turtle by food chain technology;
2, the present invention, by setting up the reasonable food chain of " mulberry fish pond ", couples together the material recycle of several parts and energy flow, finally improves mulberry fish pond system synthesis benefit;
3, in the present invention, after earthworm grows up to, can own from earthworm medium, climb out of, just in time ingested by soft-shelled turtle, as earthworm climbs out of less, can on earthworm medium, water, water and can force earthworm automatically to climb out of.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is ecosystem schematic diagram of the present invention;
In figure, 1-fish pond, 2-pool base, 3-shines back of the body platform, 4-earthworm medium, the anti-plate, 6-weter hyacinth escaped of 5-.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed.
This embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention.Any amendment that those skilled in the art have done after having read specification of the present invention, as long as in the protection domain of claim, all will be subject to the protection of Patent Law.
We test in Ji Li village, Nan Xun town, Nan Xun Guo Si Cultural Park Development Co., Ltd location, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province:
As shown in Figure 1, totally four, the fish pond 1 of being for experiment, the gross area 4000 ㎡.Each fish pond area is about 1000 ㎡, and pool base 2 exceeds 100 centimetres of the waters surface, not water flowing mutually between four fish ponds.Wherein 2 fish ponds 1 directly communicate with the mulberry field on pool base 2, anti-escape plate 5 on pool base 2 round fish pond 1, other 2 fish ponds 1 are directly escaped plate 5 and are surrounded by anti-.The weter hyacinth 6 of having planted 400 ㎡ is enclosed respectively in four fish ponds 1.
The kind of cultivation soft-shelled turtle is Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis.Every fish pond 1 cultivation situation is as follows: support respectively 300 soft-shelled turtles, 250 grams/of young soft-shelled turtle specifications.Silver carp Variegated is put in a suitable place to breed by following specification and density: silver carp specification 50g～150g/ tail, put 225 tails in a suitable place to breed; Bighead specification 200g～500g/ tail, puts 15 tails in a suitable place to breed.
In pond, the solarization of soft-shelled turtle back of the body platform 3 is chosen in that pond is leeward on the sunny side, environment quietly arranges on one side, generally uses asbestos shingle or bamboo wood to build; It is upper that asbestos shingle is laterally inclined in Chi Po, enters water 15 ㎝ on one side, is convenient to soft-shelled turtle upper and lower; Bamboo wood is made into turtleback shape, is flat in water, fixes with bamboo pole or timber.Shine back of the body table top long-pending definite by Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis stocking rate in pond, every 200 of marketable turtle culture pond arranges by 1 ㎡, and every 400 of young soft-shelled turtle culturing pool arranges by 1 ㎡.
Wherein 2 fish ponds 1 directly have the pool base 2 of mulberry tree to communicate with planting, and two other fish pond 1 is sealed.The feed injected volume in the fish pond 1 communicating with pool base 2 is the half in sealing fish pond 1.
Children soft-shelled turtle perfect compound feed, throws something and feeds by soft-shelled turtle body weight 2～5%, the secondary of throwing something and feeding every day, and at 7 o'clock in morning early July to mid-September, at 6 o'clock in afternoon, respectively once feeding volume was respectively 50% of whole day amount; Before late May and late September after at 8 o'clock in the morning, at 4 o'clock in afternoon, respectively once feeding volume was respectively 40% and 60% of whole day amount.
On pool base 2, stack earthworm medium 4, earthworm medium 4 is made up of weter hyacinth, stalk, sheep excrement; Part by weight: weter hyacinth (fresh), stalk (doing), sheep excrement (wetting) are 20:1:1～3.Earthworm medium 4 changes again heap every year once to ensure the fertility of earthworm medium 4.Irregularly collect weter hyacinth 6 and stack near kind of mulberry ground, with abdomen lids such as plastic film 10 days.Open plastic film, separately piling and become 100 centimetres of garden column types heaps of diameter through initial fermentation weter hyacinth, bottom stalk, with 10 centimetres, then 10 centimetres of weter hyacinth floor heights add 0.70 centimetre, sheep excrement layer in weter hyacinth layer.Then isolation stalk layer, as long as 2 centimetres just passable, then remains 10 centimetres with weter hyacinth floor height, is so stacked 6 times.Irregularly water, keep heap layer moistening and ventilation.No matter plant in the ditch on the pool base of mulberry whether have water, soft-shelled turtle finds a bait near can climbing and going to heap layer, and climbing out of earthworm can be ingested by soft-shelled turtle.Old organic substrate spills on kind of mulberry ground, as fertilizer with rake.
This development test, from 8 days July in 2013, to end of day October 18 in 2013, lasts 100 days.
Correlated results is as follows:
1, growth rate: 2 times, front and back sampling Detection soft-shelled turtle growing state, obtains the growth parameter(s)s such as the individual weight of different soft-shelled turtles, gain in weight and Average weight increasing a day; Through relatively, there is notable difference in the soft-shelled turtle growth that 2 kinds of differences are put in a suitable place to breed under mode, and result shows, the individual average specification of soft-shelled turtle increases to 723g and 801g by every tail 250g respectively, respectively increases by 1.892 times and 2.204 times, average daily each increasing 4.73g and 5.51g.
2, survival rate: according to fishing for sum on December 20th, 2013, cultivation survival rate is respectively 87.9% and 91.2%.
3, feed coefficient: feed coefficient is respectively 1.51 and 0.83.
4, in addition, the soft-shelled turtle that eats earthworm is higher than the ecological degree of the soft-shelled turtle that only eats feed, more get consumer reception, the market price is higher.
Evidence: extract pond eutrophy by weter hyacinth, weter hyacinth is transferred in the middle of Sang Ji, by spontaneous fermentation, more mixed people sheep excrement transfers the organic substrate of Sang Jizhong cultivation earthworm to.The earthworm that utilizes the intrinsic earthworm in weter hyacinth vacant lot to breed, then expanding numerous earthworm is feasible by soft-shelled turtle technology.The enhancing of soft-shelled turtle adaptability, disease minimizing, survival rate are improved, and feed coefficient reduces.
Fish pond of the present invention, is not the pond that finger is breeded fish purely, and refers to the mulberry fish pond for breeding fish in the past, and in the present invention, this fish pond is to support ecological soft-shelled turtle as main, and it is auxiliary that cover is supported silver carp bighead.
Feed coefficient of the present invention refers to the ratio of the feed of consumption and soft-shelled turtle weightening finish, if cultivation first phase soft-shelled turtle is eaten up 1000kg feed by soft-shelled turtle altogether, and the soft-shelled turtle 1000kg that just in time increases weight, the feed coefficient of current period is 1 so.If altogether eaten up 800kg feed by soft-shelled turtle, the soft-shelled turtle 1000kg that just in time increases weight, the feed coefficient of current period is 0.8 so.If altogether eaten up 1200kg feed by soft-shelled turtle, the soft-shelled turtle 1000kg that just in time increases weight, the feed coefficient of current period is 1.2 so.Therefore, in general, feed coefficient is more low better.
Claims (10)
1. utilize weter hyacinth in mulberry ground, to breed a method for vermiculture soft-shelled turtle, comprise the following steps:
Gather fermentation: by the weter hyacinth direct fermentation collecting or broken after fermentation, obtain weter hyacinth handled thing;
Medium processed: weter hyacinth handled thing and animal excrements are made to earthworm medium with the ratio of mass ratio 10～15:1;
Earthworm breeds: watered one time water every 1-2 days, keep the suitable temperature and humidity of earthworm medium, temperature range is made as 15～25 DEG C, and top limit of humidity is made as earthworm medium matrix and pinches not water outlet; Breed and within 15～40 days, continue afterwards to cultivate until there is earthworm to climb out of earthworm medium;
Naturally ingest: make earthworm climb out of earthworm medium and enter soft-shelled turtle scope of activities, the earthworm climbing out of is ingested by soft-shelled turtle.
2. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described breeding soft-shell turtle is in mulberry fish pond, on the base of the described mulberry fish pond pool, be with the anti-plate of escaping, tilting on the leeward slope, the pool facing south have the back of the body of solarization platform, and one of platform of the described solarization back of the body enters water; Described earthworm medium is stacked at the described anti-pool base of escaping to enclose in plate.
3. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described weter hyacinth cultivates in mulberry fish pond; Described breeding soft-shell turtle density is 0.2～0.4 tail/m
2, weter hyacinth circle kind area accounts for 2/5～3/5 of water surface area.
4. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described mulberry fish pond, also cover is supported bighead and silver carp; Silver carp rearing density 0.2～0.25 tail/m
2, bighead breeding density is 0.010～0.02 tail/m
2.
5. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: step 1. in, described fermentation process be nature stack after with plastic film cover 8～15 days.
6. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: step 2. in, described earthworm medium is that separate layer is the multilayer earthworm medium of stalk, earthworm medium bed thickness: separate layer bed thickness=3～7:1.
7. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: step 3. in, while watering, the water yield wants little but will irrigate earthworm medium, makes the moisture content of earthworm medium 65～75%.
8. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: step 4. in, when after 2-4 month, if earthworm climbs out of the quantity rareness of earthworm medium, to control the temperature and humidity of medium, breed successful earthworm and climb out of described earthworm medium thereby force; Temperature is controlled at 28～32 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at more than 75%; Described control temperature and humidity realizes by watering warm water.
9. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described earthworm medium is stacked once every year again.
10. a kind of method of utilizing weter hyacinth to breed vermiculture soft-shelled turtle in mulberry ground according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: step 3. in, if temperature cannot maintain 15～25 DEG C, in the time of 25 DEG C of temperature >, ventilate to lower the temperature by turning, in the time of 15 DEG C of temperature <, be incubated by covered with plastic film, newly-increased described earthworm medium.
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| CN106818646A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-06-13 | 重庆市飞渝农业开发有限公司 | Sang Ji culturing method of soft-shelled turtle |
| CN107549062A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-09 | 竹山县盛景养殖专业合作社 | Fish soft-shelled turtle raises together ecological efficient organic cultural method |
| CN107616138A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-23 | 南宁致侨农业有限公司 | Ecological pig and the system foster altogether of silkworm |
| CN107637546A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-30 | 湖南省任龙农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of construction of Sang Ji fishes ditch |
| CN107897110A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-04-13 | 湖南和滨特种水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of testudinate ecologic breeding business method |
| CN112205354A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-01-12 | 湖南省河洲生态甲鱼养殖有限公司 | Soft-shelled turtle breeding method |
| CN114946736A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-08-30 | 九江学院 | Automatic fish device of feeding of earthworm |
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