CN103907520A - Cultivating and seedling matrix based on poultry excrement, acid sludge and Chinese medicine residue and application method of cultivating and seedling matrix - Google Patents
Cultivating and seedling matrix based on poultry excrement, acid sludge and Chinese medicine residue and application method of cultivating and seedling matrix Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivating and seedling matrix based on poultry excrement, acid sludge and Chinese medicine residue and an application method of the cultivating and seedling matrix. The cultivating and seedling matrix comprises a mixture of the poultry excrement, the acid sludge and the Chinese medicine residue, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the mixture of the poultry excrement, the acid sludge and the Chinese medicine residue is obtained by mixing waste or residues of the poultry excrement, the acid sludge and the Chinese medicine residue and is mixed with the vermiculite and the perlite after being thoroughly decomposed. The cultivating and seedling matrix and the application method of the cultivating and seedling matrix have the advantages that regeneration and reasonable utilization of resources are realized, pressure on ecological environment from a large amount of residues generated by animal husbandry and a vinegar industry can be relieved greatly, a positive function is realized for maintenance of good urban ecology, the waste is turned into wealth, production garbage and environmental pollutants are changed to the matrix for growth of vegetables, and sustainable development of agriculture can be realized better; yield of the vegetables, particularly leaf vegetables, can be increased, yield benefit per mu of vegetable production can be increased, income of farmers can be higher, and local agricultural economic development is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of particularly point disk seedling growing and Production of Large Fields of leaf vegetables of vegetables that be exclusively used in, specifically a kind of cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix and application method thereof based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag, belongs to vegetables production technical field.
Background technology
A variety of Chinese cabbage is commonly called as green vegetables, the most popular vegetables that the south China people like food all the year round, in the Changjiang river, the annual landings of each big and medium-sized cities, downstream account for 30～40% of the total landings of vegetables, thereby become the outstanding feature of weighing market vegetable supply quality, in city the "shopping basket' project and vegetables year-round supply, occupy an important position.Along with the raising of living standards of the people, people are also more and more higher to the requirement of quality of vegetable, not only require raciness, more to be of high nutritive value, in color, shape and nutritional quality feature to vegetables, all have higher requirement, the quality of therefore improving a variety of Chinese cabbage becomes the important problem of breeding research person.
The autumn and winter varieties of Brassica campestris of supplying both at home and abroad at present, best in quality, also more cold-resistant, as: ' short anti-No. 1 ', ' green star ', ' SUZHOUQING(sic) ', ' early Sheng Huajing ', ' the blue or green Supreme Being ' etc. of Japanese seed selection.The specific breed of production in summer is fewer, that commonly uses now has: ' excellent No. one of heat ', ' excellent No. two of heat ', ' short anti-green grass or young crops ' etc., these kinds are all more heat-resisting, yielding ability is also better, but in production in summer inferior quality, often has bitter taste, as high temperature heavy rain, even can be because the generation of disease is had no harvest, also there is in the winter time leaf vegetables supply critical shortage under cryogenic conditions simultaneously, price increase etc.These problems are due to a variety of causes under 2009-2010 extreme weather conditions, and aobvious is particularly outstanding.Produce at present the heat-resisting a variety of Chinese cabbage new varieties of upper high-quality, heat-resisting, disease-resistant, high yield still less.Edible wild herbs, equal custom of food wild vegetable in the family way in various places, Jiangsu, wild vegetable is also important supplement and the edible wild plant resource to " volt lacks ".The development of wild vegetable is along with health of people health care consciousness and improving constantly of living standard and develop rapidly.Edible wild herbs are various because of the chemical composition that its absorption world elite breeds, and also have certain medicinal function.Wild vegetable has the main cause of important value of exploiting and utilizing, is because it contains abundant nutrition, comprises carbohydrate, protein, fat, raw fiber, multiple mineral element and multivitamin.
Wherein in the contained nutrient component of many wild vegetables, many content exceedes culturing vegetable.The wild vegetable resources of China is extremely abundant, has thousands of kinds more than, is 10 times of left and right of existing culturing vegetable, is that kind or quantity are all the important supplement of culturing vegetable.But exist the cultivation mode of edible wild herbs single, the edible phase limits to simultaneously, and variety development is urgently expanded.
On the cultivation mode of leaf vegetables and edible wild herbs, be mainly to rely on protection and artificial domesticating cultivation, owing to there is the situation such as use in a large number chemical fertilizer, spray insecticide in when plantation, edible safety is subject to very large threat.
China nineties in last century, carried out the experiment and demonstration of fermentation bed cultivation technology in drug in some provinces, Mou county has carried out the application study of fermentation bed to raise pig technology, has obtained certain effect.In feces of livestock and poultry, containing the nutriments such as a large amount of organic matters and abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, is the precious resources of agricultural sustainable development.How scientific utilization feces of livestock and poultry, turns waste into wealth it, is the important topic of developing agricultural recycling economy, and simultaneously because livestock breeding is small profit trade, improvement technique expensive, high operating cost is difficult to allow raiser accept.Fowl and animal excrement is pollutant, is again a kind of resource material.By rotten fermentation can reach innoxious to its heap, and can make the organic manure of high-quality.Nowadays, be accompanied by the development of intensive culture field, adopt fermentation bed cultivation, make the research of feces of livestock and poultry Fertilizer Transformed technology progressively become focus.
In vinegar factory, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine (Longtube Ground Ivy Herb) slag waste material annual output is objective, and in vinegar production, the factory of 10,000 tons of vinegars is produced in one of the comprehensive utilization of offcuts per year, within 1 year, at least will go out more than 3500 ton of wet acid-sludge and Chinese medicine (Longtube Ground Ivy Herb) slag.It is fertile not that acid-sludge and Chinese medicine (Longtube Ground Ivy Herb) slag makees fertilizer, does feed nutrition few, discards contaminated environment, burns contaminated air, become a great problem of Large Solid State fermented vinegar factory.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one and can effectively utilizes the resources such as animal excretion to improve vegetable crop output, cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix and the application method thereof based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag of turning waste into wealth.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag of the present invention, comprise animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture, three kinds of raw materials of vermiculite and perlite, described animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture are to be mixed by animal excretion, acid-sludge and three kinds of discarded objects of Chinese medicine slag or residue, after described animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture become thoroughly decomposed, mix with vermiculite and perlite.
Described animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture after 1 year become thoroughly decomposed as matrix components.
Described animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag through becoming thoroughly decomposed and vermiculite and perlitic mixed proportion are 7:1:2.
4, an application method for the above-mentioned cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag, comprises the following steps:
A, kind are selected: the vegetable variety of selecting to be applicable to local plantation;
Preparation before B, sowing:
Matrix: select the above-mentioned cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag, every m
3matrix adds 50% carbendazol wettable powder 350-450 gram sterilization;
Cave dish: select cave dish, water vola water after medium in tray;
Rural area cleaning: the inside and outside stubble of cleaning canopy, sick leaf, weeds, prevent that canopy pin surrounding is weedy, avoid insect to lay eggs and fall into hatching harm in net by mesh;
Cropping pattern: adopt " booth+fly net+cave dish+above-mentioned seedling medium+yellow plate+solar energy insect-trapping lamp " pattern, the surrounding of booth covers fly net, compacting, ceiling lid layer film, in canopy, top hangs yellow plate, canopy sets up many solar energy insect-trapping lamps outward, dish lower berth, cave thin film, and humus aqueous extract supplements the nutrients;
C, sowing: when sowing, want density suitable, make seedling growth evenly; After planting build and strike off by the matrix of mixing again, keep soil humidity more than 85%, seedling together after 3-5d;
D, field management and gather: fine day trickle every day 2 times, sooner or later respectively once, the morning, ceiling covered sunshade net when 9-11, before at 4 o'clock in afternoon, took sunshade net off; Within after emerging 18-20d days, gather successively.
One side of described booth is provided with the booth door that can pass in and out.
Beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the prior art:
Use animal excretion, acid-sludge and the Chinese medicine slag of novelty of the present invention are combined as cultivation matrix component, having realized resource regeneration rationally utilizes with it, be used in point disk seedling growing and leaf vegetables produces fast, can greatly alleviate a large amount of waste residues of annual livestock breeding and the generation of vinegar industry for the pressure of ecotope, not only there is positive role to maintaining good urban ecology, also turn waste into wealth, twice laid, production rubbish and environmental contaminants are transformed into matrix for vegetable growth, better realize agriculture sustainable development; Adopt cultivation matrix of the present invention compared with general garden mould, can improve the particularly output of leaf vegetables of vegetables, increase the per mu yield benefit that vegetables produce, promote peasant's income, thereby promote regional agro based economic development.
Embodiment
Cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag of the present invention, comprise animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine (Longtube Ground Ivy Herb) slag mixture, three kinds of raw materials of vermiculite and perlite, animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture are to be mixed by animal excretion, acid-sludge and three kinds of discarded objects of Chinese medicine slag or residue, wherein, animal excretion is from fermentation ferment bed aquaculture; Acid-sludge and Longtube Ground Ivy Herb slag come from the vinegar industry of making; Animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine (Longtube Ground Ivy Herb) slag mixture after 1 year become thoroughly decomposed as matrix components, then it is mixed with vermiculite and perlite, form the growing nursery and culture matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag of the present invention, animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine (Longtube Ground Ivy Herb) slag through becoming thoroughly decomposed and vermiculite and perlitic mixed proportion are 7:1:2.
An application method for cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag, comprises the following steps:
A, kind are selected: the quality vegetables kind of selecting to be applicable to local plantation; In the present embodiment, select to be applicable to the varieties of Brassica campestris ' heat is green ' of the high-quality of local plantation, heat-resisting, disease-resistant, moisture-resistant, high yield;
Preparation before B, sowing:
Matrix: select the above-mentioned cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag, composition is that fermentation bed fermented livestock ight soil is in conjunction with Chinese medicine slag (Longtube Ground Ivy Herb) (becoming thoroughly decomposed a year), vermiculite, by volume 7:1:2 of perlite, every m
3matrix adds 50% carbendazol wettable powder 350-450 gram sterilization, is preferably 400 grams;
Cave dish: from the cost-saving and angle quality of production, generally select PS72, the cave dish in 12 × 6 holes, cave dish, specification is that 550mm × 280mm × 45mm(is long × wide × thick), every mu of booth approximately can put down 4331 cave dishes, coils and carries out yield trials with 20 caves, before sabot, first matrix water spray is mixed thoroughly, pick up a matrix with hand, put forth one's strength and crush up, if there is water to ooze out and between webs, the humidity that matrix is described is very suitable, on the contrary meeting overdrying or excessively wet; By its medium in tray, scrape off unnecessary matrix in card, cave dish is emitted on to cultivation bed upper, after medium in tray, broadcast the front vola water that evenly waters, matrix is sunk naturally;
Rural area cleaning: the inside and outside stubble of cleaning canopy, sick leaf, weeds, reduce insect radix, prevent that booth pin surrounding is weedy, avoid insect to lay eggs and fall into hatching harm in net by mesh;
Cropping pattern: adopt " booth+fly net+cave dish (72 cave)+above-mentioned seedling medium+yellow plate+solar energy insect-trapping lamp " pattern, the surrounding of booth covers fly net, compacting, a side (top) of booth is left a door unlocked and is convenient to turnover, booth top cover thin film, prevent that summer rainwater from washing away, in booth, top hangs yellow plate, and canopy sets up many solar energy insect-trapping lamps outward, dish lower berth, cave thin film, humus aqueous extract supplements the nutrients, and carries out a variety of Chinese cabbage and produces fast;
C, sowing: when sowing, want density suitable, make seedling growth evenly; Avoid sowing overstocked, waste seed, increase thinning workload, and seedling is slim and frahile, and unfavorable growth is after planting built and struck off by the matrix of mixing again, keeps soil humidity more than 85%, seedling together after 3-5d;
D, field management and gather: fine day trickle every day 2 times, sooner or later respectively once, the morning, sunshade net on booth top cover when 9-11, took sunshade net off before at 4 o'clock in afternoon, in case canopy temperature is too high, injury plant; Generally, every batch of growing period of leaf vegetables, does not apply fertilizer, and turnover booth will be shut the door after you, and prevents that the outer insect of canopy from entering, and within after emerging 18-20d days, can gather successively, also can sell by whole dish.E, gather to survey and produce: after emerging, gather when 18-20d, gather and be chosen in nice and cool early morning or carry out at dusk; After results, will hide in time, here prevent that dehydration from withering affects quality.
Below adopting in concrete enforcement, 5 kinds of matrix schemes contrast:
(1) the cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag;
(2) training flower bud matrix;
(3) vegetable garden soil;
(4) vegetable garden soil: autogamy matrix=1:1;
(5) vegetable garden soil: training flower bud matrix=1:1.
Result of implementation is as follows:
Three different time sections in time autumn in summer in 2013 are measured the yield of pakchoi of 5 kinds of matrix application schemes, and result is as shown in table 1.
(1) the implementation case is chosen respectively from early summer (1～July 20 July), midsummer (July 25～August 15) to these three different times of temperature in autumn (20～October 20 September) and is tested, result shows that weather is all larger for the impact of yield of pakchoi, no matter for using which kind of matrix scheme, the most hot 25～August of July, the output of 15 Time of Day sections was all minimum in three time periods, and the output of the optimum autumn sowing a variety of Chinese cabbage of temperature is the highest between three;
(2) in the dish production model of booth+cave, compare with vegetable garden soil with training flower bud matrix, while using matrix of the present invention, the output of a variety of Chinese cabbage the highest (average every mu of net production is 1614 kilograms), illustrate that matrix of the present invention can be applied in production, and be a kind of matrix of more efficient, high yield.Can not only alleviate the pressure of trade waste to ecotope promoting the use of matrix of the present invention, can also increasing both production and income, improve the agricultural economy output value.
(3) in the time of autogamy matrix and vegetable garden soil mixing use, better than the effect of independent use matrix, every mu of net production can improve more than 100 kilograms, but matrix+soil is heavier, and inconvenience when carrying is not suitable for producing and popularization use on a large scale as carrying out cave dish.
The test of table 1 a variety of Chinese cabbage matrix cave dish production output
Claims (5)
1. the cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag, it is characterized in that: comprise animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture, three kinds of raw materials of vermiculite and perlite, described animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture are to be mixed by animal excretion, acid-sludge and three kinds of discarded objects of Chinese medicine slag or residue, after described animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture become thoroughly decomposed, mix with vermiculite and perlite.
2. the cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag mixture after 1 year become thoroughly decomposed as matrix components.
3. the cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described animal excretion, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag through becoming thoroughly decomposed and vermiculite and perlitic mixed proportion are 7:1:2.
4. an application method for the cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, kind are selected: the vegetable variety of selecting to be applicable to local plantation;
Preparation before B, sowing:
Matrix: select the cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag as claimed in claim 1, every m
3matrix adds 50% carbendazol wettable powder 350-450 gram sterilization;
Cave dish: select cave dish, water vola water after medium in tray;
Rural area cleaning: the inside and outside stubble of cleaning canopy, sick leaf, weeds, prevent that canopy pin surrounding is weedy, avoid insect to lay eggs and fall into hatching harm in net by mesh;
Cropping pattern: adopt " booth+fly net+cave dish+above-mentioned seedling medium+yellow plate+solar energy insect-trapping lamp " pattern, the surrounding of booth covers fly net, compacting, booth top cover thin film, in booth, top hangs yellow plate, booth sets up many solar energy insect-trapping lamps outward, dish lower berth, cave thin film, and humus aqueous extract supplements the nutrients;
C, sowing: when sowing, want density suitable, make seedling growth evenly; After planting build and strike off by the matrix of mixing again, keep soil humidity more than 85%, seedling together after 3-5d;
D, field management and gather: fine day trickle every day 2 times, sooner or later respectively once, the morning, sunshade net on booth top cover when 9-11, took sunshade net off before at 4 o'clock in afternoon; Within after emerging 18-20d days, gather successively.
5. according to the application method of the cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix based on feces of livestock and poultry, acid-sludge and Chinese medicine slag described in claim 4, it is characterized in that: a side of described booth is provided with the booth door that can pass in and out.
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| CN201410136070.XA CN103907520A (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Cultivating and seedling matrix based on poultry excrement, acid sludge and Chinese medicine residue and application method of cultivating and seedling matrix |
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| CN104920101A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 蚌埠市乔峰农业蔬菜专业合作社 | Vegetable seedling raising nutrition medium convenient for transplanting and preparation method thereof |
| CN105660325A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-06-15 | 沈阳东卓园艺科技有限公司 | Plug-seedling planting method |
| CN106699372A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-24 | 济南市蔬菜技术推广服务中心 | Watermelon grafting seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN112400681A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-26 | 涿州市禄丰农业技术开发有限公司 | Soilless culture method for vegetables |
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Application publication date: 20140709 |