CN107382391A - Using earthworm excrement, earthworm ovum as raw material earthworm derivative preparation method of organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Using earthworm excrement, earthworm ovum as raw material earthworm derivative preparation method of organic fertilizer Download PDF

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CN107382391A
CN107382391A CN201710683178.4A CN201710683178A CN107382391A CN 107382391 A CN107382391 A CN 107382391A CN 201710683178 A CN201710683178 A CN 201710683178A CN 107382391 A CN107382391 A CN 107382391A
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刘奋安
刘嘉裕
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Abstract

以蚓粪、蚓卵为原料的蚯蚓衍生物有机肥制备方法,属于农业有机肥料的制造技术领域,包括以下步骤:选取凉茶渣、菇渣、玉米芯、豆粕作为基质料,将其粉碎后与牛粪、羊粪便混合搅拌,接种微生物发酵剂进行发酵处理,然后投放成龄蚯蚓进入喂养,结合蚯蚓吞噬分解有机废弃物的活动特性和蚯蚓排粪、排卵和蚓卵孵化的生理规律,优化养殖技术和蚯蚓与蚓粪、蚓卵分离提取工艺,最后将分离出来的蚓粪、蚓卵复配成蚯蚓衍生物有机肥,并通过常规施用有机肥的方法,将蚓卵直接进入农田土壤里自然孵化,利用蚯蚓在土壤中的活动以及有机物料的分解、同化等作用优化土壤结构,从而达到生态修复改良土壤的目的。

A method for preparing an earthworm derivative organic fertilizer using vermicompost and vermicompost as raw materials belongs to the technical field of agricultural organic fertilizer manufacture, and comprises the following steps: selecting herbal tea dregs, mushroom dregs, corncobs, and soybean meal as base materials, pulverizing them and mixing them with Cow manure and sheep manure are mixed and stirred, inoculated with microbial starter for fermentation treatment, and then put into adult earthworms for feeding, combined with the activity characteristics of earthworms phagocytizing and decomposing organic waste and the physiological laws of earthworm defecation, ovulation and worm egg hatching, to optimize breeding technology and the separation and extraction process of earthworms, vermicompost and vermicompost. Finally, the separated vermicompost and vermicompost are compounded into earthworm derivative organic fertilizer, and the vermicompost is directly put into the farmland soil through the conventional method of applying organic fertilizer. Hatching, using the activities of earthworms in the soil and the decomposition and assimilation of organic materials to optimize the soil structure, so as to achieve the purpose of ecological restoration and soil improvement.

Description

以蚓粪、蚓卵为原料的蚯蚓衍生物有机肥制备方法Preparation method of earthworm derivative organic fertilizer using vermicompost and vermicompost as raw materials

技术领域technical field

本发明属于农业有机肥料的制造技术领域,涉及配备有蚓粪的有机肥的制备方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing agricultural organic fertilizers, and relates to a method for preparing organic fertilizers equipped with vermicompost.

背景技术Background technique

长期以来,我国农作物施肥主要依靠化肥农药。化学无机肥料和农药的滥施滥用,已导致耕地土壤酸化板结,有机质缺乏,有益微生物和养分严重失调,病原菌滋生,作物病虫害严重,肥料养分利用率低,品质变劣,重金属含量超标,农作物低收或失收等一系列严重的问题。因此,近年来,耕地土壤改良修复技术逐渐成为有效改良低产田的研究和应用热点。未来的农业管理是实现土壤生态环境安全和农业可持续发展的重要环节,生物技术的应用必将是其发展的主流,蚯蚓生态有机培肥技术将作为一种依靠生物措施管理农田的领先技术体系。For a long time, my country's crop fertilization has mainly relied on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The indiscriminate use of chemical and inorganic fertilizers and pesticides has led to acidification and compaction of cultivated land soil, lack of organic matter, serious imbalance of beneficial microorganisms and nutrients, growth of pathogenic bacteria, serious crop diseases and insect pests, low fertilizer nutrient utilization efficiency, poor quality, excessive heavy metal content, and low yield of crops. A series of serious problems such as income or loss. Therefore, in recent years, cultivated land soil improvement and restoration technology has gradually become a research and application hotspot for effectively improving low-yield fields. Future agricultural management is an important link to realize soil ecological environment security and sustainable agricultural development. The application of biotechnology will be the mainstream of its development. Earthworm ecological organic fertilizer technology will be a leading technology system that relies on biological measures to manage farmland .

在人类未来到地球之前,蚯蚓已耕耘了地球亿万年。蚯蚓是陆地生态系统中生物量最大的无脊椎土壤动物,被称为“生态工程师”。它以土壤中的凋落物、腐殖质为食,处于陆地生态系统食物链底端,是生态系统的重要物质分解者,其生命活动在土壤物质生物小循环中必不可少。大量研究表明,蚯蚓在其新陈代谢过程中能吞食大量有机物质,通过砂囊的机械研磨作用和肠道内的生物化学作用进行分解转化。蚯蚓的消化能力极强,1亿条蚯蚓一天可吞食40~50吨垃圾,排出20~25吨蚓粪。其消化道能分泌出蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶、甲壳素酶及淀粉酶等,在这些酶和微生物的作用下有机物质就会被水解成简单的碳水化合物、脂肪、醇等低分子化合物,最终以蚯蚓粪的形式排出。同时,通过蚯蚓在有机物料中的运动还可以改进有机物料中的水汽循环,促进物料充分混合并增强微生物作用,从而加强蚯蚓和微生物对有机物料处理的协同作用,改变了土壤微生物数量、群落结构和组成,加速了N、P等养分的矿化,促进土壤生态修复。Before humans came to the earth in the future, earthworms had cultivated the earth for hundreds of millions of years. Earthworms are soil invertebrates with the largest biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and are known as "ecological engineers". It feeds on litter and humus in the soil, and is at the bottom of the food chain in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is an important material decomposer in the ecosystem, and its life activities are essential in the small biological cycle of soil materials. A large number of studies have shown that earthworms can swallow a large amount of organic matter during their metabolism, and decompose and transform through the mechanical grinding action of the gizzard and the biochemical action in the intestinal tract. Earthworms have a very strong digestive ability. 100 million earthworms can swallow 40-50 tons of garbage a day and discharge 20-25 tons of vermicompost. Its digestive tract can secrete protease, lipase, cellulase, chitinase and amylase, etc. Under the action of these enzymes and microorganisms, organic substances will be hydrolyzed into simple carbohydrates, fats, alcohols and other low-molecular compounds , eventually excreted in the form of vermicompost. At the same time, the movement of earthworms in organic materials can also improve the water vapor cycle in organic materials, promote the full mixing of materials and enhance the action of microorganisms, thereby strengthening the synergistic effect of earthworms and microorganisms on the treatment of organic materials, changing the number of soil microorganisms and community structure and composition, accelerate the mineralization of N, P and other nutrients, and promote soil ecological restoration.

研究还表明蚯蚓挖掘土壤,使土壤变松,并使空气和水容易抵达植物的根部。蚯蚓挖掘的洞穴与通道有助于土壤迅速排水。估计,如果15亩土地中有100万条蚯蚓栖息,完全可以代替三个熟练的园丁全年每天轮流干八个小时的劳动,而且每年还可以获得1.8吨的蚯蚓粪。Studies have also shown that earthworms dig up the soil, loosening it and making it easier for air and water to reach plant roots. The burrows and channels dug by earthworms help the soil drain quickly. It is estimated that if there are 1 million earthworms inhabiting 15 acres of land, it can completely replace the labor of three skilled gardeners who take turns to dry eight hours a day throughout the year, and can also obtain 1.8 tons of vermicompost every year.

蚯蚓活动能改善土壤结构,增强土壤的保水透气性,能保护和保持土壤有机物;可分解、破碎土壤粗有机物,从而使有机物更容易被微生物分解,提高土壤养分循环速度;蚯蚓活动可以提高土壤养分的有效性和养分周转率,能显著促进了土壤氮素的矿化,提高土壤有效氮的含量蚯蚓活动对根系生长、植株发育和作物高产都有促进作用;同时,还可以促进植物有益菌的分散并可改变它们的菌落结构、抑制植物害虫、寄生虫、病原菌的数量和活性。Earthworm activity can improve soil structure, enhance soil water retention and air permeability, and protect and maintain soil organic matter; it can decompose and break up soil coarse organic matter, so that organic matter can be more easily decomposed by microorganisms, and the speed of soil nutrient cycle can be improved; earthworm activity can improve soil nutrient The effectiveness and nutrient turnover rate can significantly promote the mineralization of soil nitrogen and increase the content of available nitrogen in the soil. Earthworm activities can promote root growth, plant development and high crop yield; at the same time, it can also promote the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Disperse and change their colony structure, inhibit the number and activity of plant pests, parasites, and pathogenic bacteria.

蚯蚓和蚓粪为微生物、微型土壤动物的生长及植物根的伸长、生长都提供了非常适宜的微生态环境。蚓粪中的速效养分高,促进微生物生长,而微生物可分泌各种降解酶。蚓粪良好的结构为酶反应提供了合适的作用空间。蚯蚓的肠道消化过程也能促进酶活性的提高。Earthworms and vermicomposts provide a very suitable micro-ecological environment for the growth of microorganisms, micro-soil animals, and the elongation and growth of plant roots. The available nutrients in vermicompost are high, which promotes the growth of microorganisms, and microorganisms can secrete various degradative enzymes. The good structure of vermicompost provides a suitable space for enzyme reaction. The intestinal digestion process of earthworms can also promote the improvement of enzyme activity.

蚯蚓粪的成份因季节和原材料配比的不同略有差异,但养分齐全,肥效显著,充分体现了蚯蚓粪的功效和特性。经肥效测定:含全氮 0.95~2.5%、全磷 1.1~2.9%、全钾0.96~2.2%、有机质 35~45%、腐植质 21~40%、钙 3.60~4.2%、含16~23种氨基酸,其丰富的蚯蚓蛋白酶,每克蚯蚓粪有105×8个有益微生物(老化土壤只有105~106个),并具颗粒均匀、透气保水、无味卫生、肥效持久等特点。蚯蚓粪中的蚯蚓酶还可以杀死土壤中的病毒、有害菌和对植物生长有抑制作用的物质,是一种纯天然生物有机肥。除此之外,蚯蚓还能降解、疏散土壤中的污染物。由于污水灌溉,污染尘埃的沉降,土壤污染,而蚯蚓能在栖息的环境中吸收分解污染物质,如有机农药、重金属、放射性物质等。The composition of vermicompost varies slightly depending on the season and the ratio of raw materials, but the nutrients are complete and the fertilizer effect is remarkable, which fully reflects the efficacy and characteristics of vermicompost. According to the determination of fertilizer efficiency: it contains 0.95-2.5% of total nitrogen, 1.1-2.9% of total phosphorus, 0.96-2.2% of total potassium, 35-45% of organic matter, 21-40% of humus, 3.60-4.2% of calcium, and contains 16-23 kinds Amino acids, its rich vermiprotease, each gram of vermicompost has 105×8 beneficial microorganisms (only 105-106 in aged soil), and has the characteristics of uniform particles, breathable water retention, odorless and hygienic, and long-lasting fertilizer effect. The vermizyme in vermicompost can also kill viruses, harmful bacteria and substances that inhibit plant growth in the soil, and is a pure natural bio-organic fertilizer. In addition, earthworms can also degrade and evacuate pollutants in the soil. Due to sewage irrigation, sedimentation of polluted dust, and soil pollution, earthworms can absorb and decompose polluting substances in the habitat environment, such as organic pesticides, heavy metals, radioactive substances, etc.

目前,关于利用蚯蚓粪+蚯蚓卵及其衍生物的应用研究及少。只有蚯蚓处理有机废弃物的研究及应用多集中在蚓体饲料和蚓粪有机肥上,且多为实验研究或小规模应用,尽管其应用技术均具有各自的不同特点,但都不同程度的存在以下技木方面的问题:At present, there is little application research on the use of vermicompost + earthworm eggs and their derivatives. Only the research and application of earthworms on organic waste treatment are mostly concentrated on vermicompost feed and vermicompost organic fertilizer, and most of them are experimental research or small-scale application. Although their application technologies have their own different characteristics, they all exist to varying degrees. The following technical issues:

1、申请公布号CN 105646020 A一种利用蚯蚓堆制处理中药渣的方法,其发明内容牛粪和中药渣混合堆制物料温度为25-30℃,完全无法将物料发酵腐熟。根据畜禽粪便及有机废弃物的堆肥发酵技术要求,发酵温度一般都要达到50-70℃才能将物料彻底分解腐熟,同时有效的杀死蛔虫卵和粪大肠菌群。人工养殖蚯蚓,蚯蚓吞食基质饲料必须彻底腐熟,以防二次发酵升温过高而导致蚯蚓死亡;其发明内容堆肥选料牛粪与几种中药渣的养份不足,调节碳氮比不合理而导致物料发酵无法升温。1. Application Publication No. CN 105646020 A A method of using earthworm composting to process traditional Chinese medicine dregs. The content of the invention is that the mixed composting temperature of cow dung and traditional Chinese medicine dregs is 25-30°C, and the materials cannot be fermented and decomposed at all. According to the technical requirements of composting and fermentation of livestock and poultry manure and organic waste, the fermentation temperature must generally reach 50-70°C to completely decompose and decompose the material, and at the same time effectively kill roundworm eggs and fecal coliforms. In the artificial breeding of earthworms, the substrate feed must be completely decomposed to prevent the earthworms from dying due to the high temperature of the secondary fermentation; the content of the invention is that cow manure and several kinds of traditional Chinese medicine slag are insufficient in nutrients, and the adjustment of the carbon-nitrogen ratio is unreasonable. As a result, the fermentation of the material cannot heat up.

2、申请公布号CN 105837261 A一种降低茶园土壤铅活性的改良剂及方法,其发明内容中没有描述堆肥发酵和蚯蚓养殖的具体技术和操作方法,包括物料配比重量百分比和蚯蚓养殖工艺设施及生长环境等;发明内容中“安全,重金属及农药残留含量不能超过国家有关标准(如NY 525-2002 有机肥农业行业标准)”有误,2012年至今执行的有机肥国家农业行业标准应为(NY 525-2012);另外,该发明设计为一种“改良剂”,产品技术准标与有机肥技术标准截然不同,也不是同一类标准系列;发明内容中接种蚯蚓:腐熟结束后,接种蚯蚓,培养30~60天;将蚯蚓拣出,得到的蚓粪,即为所述改良剂。还是手工拣出均为小试模式,无法进行规模化生产养殖。2. The application publication number CN 105837261 A is an improvement agent and method for reducing lead activity in tea garden soil. The specific technology and operation method of compost fermentation and earthworm culture are not described in the content of the invention, including material ratio weight percentage and earthworm culture process facilities and growth environment, etc.; in the content of the invention, "safety, heavy metals and pesticide residues should not exceed relevant national standards (such as NY 525-2002 organic fertilizer agricultural industry standards)" is wrong, and the national agricultural industry standards for organic fertilizers implemented since 2012 should be (NY 525-2012); In addition, the invention is designed as an "improving agent", and the technical standards of the product are completely different from those of organic fertilizers, and they are not the same standard series; in the content of the invention, earthworms are inoculated: after the end of decomposing, inoculate Earthworms are cultivated for 30-60 days; the earthworms are sorted out to obtain vermicompost, which is the improver. Or picking out by hand is a small-scale test mode, and it is impossible to carry out large-scale production and breeding.

本发明针对以上现状及存在的一系列问题,根据蚯蚓吞噬分解有机废弃物的活动特性,通过规模化养殖获得充足蚓粪、蚓卵复配成衍生物有机肥,并通过常规施用有机肥的方法将蚓卵直接进入农田土壤里自然孵化,利用蚯蚓在土壤中的活动以及有机物料的分解、同化等作用优化土壤结构,促进土壤中营养元素自然稳定释放,土壤与作物间养分循环达到供需平衡,从而提高土壤整体质量,达到改良俢复土壤、增产提质、促进农业可持续发展的目的。The present invention aims at the above present situation and a series of existing problems, according to the activity characteristics of earthworms swallowing and decomposing organic waste, obtain sufficient vermicompost and vermicompost through large-scale cultivation to compound derivative organic fertilizer, and use the method of conventional organic fertilizer Put the worm eggs directly into the soil of the farmland to hatch naturally, use the activities of earthworms in the soil and the decomposition and assimilation of organic materials to optimize the soil structure, promote the natural and stable release of nutrients in the soil, and the nutrient cycle between the soil and crops to achieve a balance between supply and demand, Thereby improving the overall quality of the soil, achieving the purpose of improving and rehabilitating the soil, increasing production and quality, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为解决蚓粪有机肥在生产过程中难于分享蚯蚓并将其循环使用的问题,本发眀提供一种以蚓粪、蚓卵为原料的蚯蚓衍生物有机肥制备方法,包括以下步骤:In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to share earthworms and recycle them during the production process of vermicompost organic fertilizer, the present invention provides a method for preparing earthworm derivative organic fertilizer using vermicompost and vermicompost as raw materials, comprising the following steps:

步骤1,选取原料:Step 1, select raw materials:

选取以下重量配比的原料中的一种或两种以上的混合物,作为有机物料:Select one or a mixture of two or more raw materials in the following weight ratios as organic materials:

凉茶渣30-40重量份、菇渣15-20重量份,玉米芯15-20重量份,豆粕10-20重量份,微生物发酵剂0.1-0.15重量份;30-40 parts by weight of herbal tea dregs, 15-20 parts by weight of mushroom dregs, 15-20 parts by weight of corncobs, 10-20 parts by weight of soybean meal, and 0.1-0.15 parts by weight of microbial starter;

所述凉茶渣是指制备凉茶后得到的残渣,也就是将制备凉茶的原材料通过水煎煮法提取有效成分后,机械脱水所得的残渣;The herbal tea residue refers to the residue obtained after the preparation of the herbal tea, that is, the residue obtained by mechanical dehydration after the raw materials for the preparation of the herbal tea are decocted to extract the active ingredients;

所述菇渣是在用袋装基质栽培金针菇时,采收金针菇后在培养袋中剩余的基质残渣;Described mushroom dregs are when using bagged substrate to cultivate Flammulina velutipes, after gathering Flammulina velutipes, remaining substrate residue in the culture bag;

步骤2,粉碎原料:Step 2, Crush the ingredients:

将上述有机物料经破碎成0.1~0.3cm的粉粒状,得到预处理原料;The above-mentioned organic materials are crushed into powders of 0.1-0.3 cm to obtain pretreated raw materials;

步骤3,制备发酵原料:Step 3, preparation of fermentation raw materials:

将预处理原料与40~50重量份的牛粪或40~50重量份的羊粪便投入盘式搅拌机进行混合搅拌,搅拌时接入0.1~0.15重量份的微生物发酵剂,每批次搅拌3~5分钟,调节混合原料的pH值为6.5~7.5,碳氮比为25~31:1,水分的含量为48~58%,得到发酵原料;Put the pretreated raw material and 40-50 parts by weight of cow dung or 40-50 parts by weight of sheep manure into a disc mixer for mixing and stirring, add 0.1-0.15 parts by weight of microbial starter during stirring, and stir 3-3 parts per batch For 5 minutes, adjust the pH value of the mixed raw material to 6.5-7.5, the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-31:1, and the water content to 48-58%, to obtain the fermented raw material;

步骤4,发酵处理:Step 4, fermentation process:

将发酵原料转移到发酵池,堆成高度为1.2~1.5米的池堆进行发酵处理,当发酵原料温度升到45~50℃时进行第一次翻堆,以后温度升到60~70℃时进行第二次翻堆,以后每天翻堆一次;Transfer the fermentation raw materials to the fermentation tank, and pile them up into a pool pile with a height of 1.2-1.5 meters for fermentation treatment. When the temperature of the fermentation raw materials rises to 45-50°C, the first turning is carried out, and then when the temperature rises to 60-70°C Carry out the second turning, and then turn once a day;

池堆发酵处理15~20天后,进入降温翻拋处理,当发酵池内的物料的温度降到常温,并且物料呈松软不粘、无酸臭味时完成发酵处理,得到发酵产物;After 15 to 20 days of fermentation treatment in the pool pile, enter the cooling and turning treatment. When the temperature of the material in the fermentation tank drops to normal temperature, and the material is soft and non-sticky, and has no sour smell, the fermentation treatment is completed and the fermentation product is obtained;

步骤5,投放蚯蚓:Step 5, release earthworms:

在钢架大棚内接种蚯蚓,所述钢架大棚的顶部覆盖有遮光率达到90%以上的黑色遮光网,钢架大棚内的水泥地板构成蚯蚓养殖池,钢架大棚的四周设置有由薄膜构成的活动墙幕;投放蚯蚓前在蚯蚓养殖池中铺放一层高10~15cm的切碎稻草,然后取发酵产物到稻草层上堆成若干条垛形基质料,在相邻的条垛形基质料之间的间隔处的稻草层上投放成龄赤子爱胜蚓,投放密度为每立方米的条垛形基质料投放1.5~2.0千克的赤子爱胜蚓,使赤子爱胜蚓自然爬行到条垛形基质料上;以后每隔3~5天使用铁耙疏松条垛形基质料一次,操作时动作要轻巧,尽量避免损伤蚯蚓,以免影响蚓粪与蚓蚓卵的产量;Inoculate earthworms in a steel frame greenhouse, the top of which is covered with a black shading net with a shading rate of over 90%, the cement floor in the steel frame greenhouse constitutes an earthworm breeding pond, and the surroundings of the steel frame greenhouse are provided with a film made of A movable wall curtain; before placing earthworms, lay a layer of chopped straw with a height of 10-15 cm in the earthworm breeding pond, and then take the fermentation product and stack it on the straw layer to form several pile-shaped base materials, and place the adjacent pile-shaped On the straw layer at the interval between the matrix materials, the mature Eisenia worms are placed on the straw layer, and the stocking density is 1.5 to 2.0 kg of Eisenia worms per cubic meter of strip-shaped base material, so that the worms can naturally crawl to the ground. On the stack-shaped base material; after that, use an iron rake to loosen the stack-shaped base material every 3 to 5 days. The operation should be light and light, and try to avoid damaging the earthworms, so as not to affect the output of vermicompost and vermicompost;

步骤6, 蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵的筛分提成:Step 6, the sieving commission of earthworms, vermicompost and worm eggs:

投放成龄赤子爱胜蚓10~12天后,使用铲车将蚯蚓养殖池内的条垛形基质料、蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵转移到储料斗内,然后通过输送带转入直线振动筛进行分筛提取,在振动筛下得到以蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟细料构成的混合细料,将混合细料经输送带转入圆盘搅拌机与步骤4得到的发酵产物按20~30:100的重量配比进行混合搅拌,制备得到蚯蚓衍生物有机肥;将振动筛上剩余的蚯蚓作为接种用的蚯蚓返回到步骤5中及后续步骤。After 10 to 12 days after putting in the mature Eisenia worms, use a forklift to transfer the strip-shaped matrix materials, earthworms, worm castings and worm eggs in the worm culture pond to the storage hopper, and then transfer them to the linear vibrating screen through the conveyor belt for sorting. Sieve extraction, under the vibrating sieve to obtain the mixed fine material composed of vermicompost, vermicompost and residual decomposed fine material, transfer the mixed fine material to the disc mixer through the conveyor belt and the fermentation product obtained in step 4 at a ratio of 20 to 30: 100 The weight ratio is mixed and stirred to prepare an earthworm derivative organic fertilizer; the remaining earthworms on the vibrating screen are used as earthworms for inoculation and returned to step 5 and subsequent steps.

最后将分离出来的蚓粪、蚓卵及其衍生物通过常规施肥方法直接进入农田土壤里自然孵化,从而促进土壤中营养元素自然稳定释放,提高土壤整体质量,达到生态修复改良土壤、促进农业可持续发展的目的。Finally, the separated vermicompost, vermicompost and their derivatives are directly put into the farmland soil for natural incubation through conventional fertilization methods, so as to promote the natural and stable release of nutrients in the soil, improve the overall quality of the soil, achieve ecological restoration and improve soil, and promote agricultural sustainability. purpose of sustainable development.

本发明步骤5中接种蚯蚓用的钢架大棚包括呈长方体形的棚架,棚架顶部安装有呈人字形的遮阳棚,遮阳棚上方安装有喷淋降温装置,遮阳棚上覆盖有遮阳网,棚架四周底部设置有砖墙,砖墙内侧的地面上设置有排水沟,砖墙顶部设置有薄膜墙幕,遮阳棚的前、后两端与棚架之间构成通风口,薄膜墙幕是指一层塑料帘幕,棚架设置有转轴,薄膜墙幕收卷在转轴上,转轴与伺服电机联接,通过伺服电机带动转轴对薄膜墙幕进行收卷。The steel frame shed used for inoculating earthworms in the step 5 of the present invention comprises a cuboid scaffold, a herringbone sunshade is installed on the top of the scaffold, a spray cooling device is installed above the sunshade, and the sunshade is covered with a sunshade net. There are brick walls around the bottom of the scaffolding, drainage ditches are arranged on the ground inside the brick walls, and film wall curtains are arranged on the top of the brick walls. Ventilation openings are formed between the front and rear ends of the awning and the scaffolding. The film wall curtains are Refers to a layer of plastic curtains, the scaffolding is equipped with a rotating shaft, the film wall curtain is wound on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with the servo motor, and the rotating shaft is driven by the servo motor to wind the film wall curtain.

本发明中的微生物发酵剂是VT1000菌剂(堆肥专用),主要成分:乳酸菌、酵母菌、丝状真菌、放线菌等十多种菌群,具有复合程度高、产酶功能强、降解速度快、使用简便等功效,由北京沃土天地生物科技有限公司提供。The microbial starter in the present invention is VT1000 bacterial agent (specially used for composting), the main components are more than ten kinds of bacterial groups such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes, etc. Fast, easy to use and other functions, provided by Beijing Wotu Tiandi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

优选地,所述步骤5中,为保障蚯蚓正常生长和繁殖,春、秋季在钢架大棚内上方通过供水喷淋对垛形基质料进行喷湿,3~5天洒水一次,夏季高温天气每天下午5~6点钟洒深井水或低温水一次,洒水时冲力要小且均匀,同时掀开钢架大棚四周的薄膜墙幕以利通风换气和降温,每天上午11点~下午3点开启棚顶喷淋洒水,将垛形基质料温度降到28℃以下;冬季放下钢架大棚四周的薄膜墙幕,同吋覆盖稻草或稻草编织的帘子以保温防寒,将垛形基质料温度控制在12℃以上。Preferably, in step 5, in order to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of earthworms, in spring and autumn, the pile-shaped matrix material is sprayed with water on the top of the steel frame greenhouse, and water is sprayed once every 3 to 5 days. Sprinkle deep well water or low-temperature water once at 5-6 o'clock in the afternoon. When sprinkling water, the momentum should be small and even. At the same time, the film wall curtain around the steel frame greenhouse is opened to facilitate ventilation and cooling. It is opened from 11:00 am to 3:00 pm every day Spray water on the top of the shed to reduce the temperature of the stack-shaped base material to below 28°C; in winter, put down the film wall curtains around the steel frame greenhouse, and cover straw or straw-woven curtains at the same time to keep warm and cold-proof, and control the temperature of the stack-shaped base material at Above 12°C.

优选地,所述步骤6中振动筛包括一个呈倾斜设置的长方体形的筛箱,筛箱的底板上设置有筛网,筛箱底部通过弹簧安装在支柱上,筛箱的高端处顶部设置有进料口,筛箱的低端处设置有出料口,筛箱上安装有振动电机,支柱上安装有LED泛光灯,LED泛光灯的灯头朝向筛网。LED泛光灯的英文名称为LED flood work light,其含义是指可以向四面八方均匀照射的点光源,它的照射范围可以任意调整,在场景中表现为一个正八面体的图示。Preferably, the vibrating screen in step 6 includes a rectangular parallelepiped screen box arranged obliquely, a screen is arranged on the bottom plate of the screen box, the bottom of the screen box is installed on the pillar through a spring, and a screen box is provided on the top of the high end of the screen box There is a feed port and a discharge port at the lower end of the sieve box, a vibration motor is installed on the sieve box, and an LED floodlight is installed on the pillar, and the lamp head of the LED floodlight faces the screen. The English name of LED flood light is LED flood work light, which means a point light source that can illuminate evenly in all directions. Its irradiation range can be adjusted arbitrarily, and it is shown as a regular octahedron icon in the scene.

优选地,所述步骤6中的筛箱的进料口比出料口高35厘米,进料口与出料口之间沿水平方向的间距为4.5米。Preferably, the inlet of the screen box in step 6 is 35 cm higher than the outlet, and the distance between the inlet and outlet in the horizontal direction is 4.5 meters.

优选地,所述步骤1中的凉茶渣由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:Preferably, the herbal tea dregs in said step 1 are mixed from the following raw materials in weight ratio:

金银花6重量份,桑叶6重量份,仙草6重量份,棉茵陈6重量份,板蓝根6重量份;或6 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 6 parts by weight of mulberry leaves, 6 parts by weight of grass jelly, 6 parts by weight of capillary cotton, and 6 parts by weight of Radix Radix; or

菊花7重量份,葛花7重量份,鸡骨草7重量份,土伏苓7重量份,金钱草7重量份;或7 parts by weight of chrysanthemum, 7 parts by weight of Pueraria japonica, 7 parts by weight of Phyllostachys japonicus, 7 parts by weight of Rhizoma chinensis, and 7 parts by weight of Desmodium; or

木棉花8重量份,鸡蛋花8重量份,荷叶8重量份,夏枯草8重量份,蒲公英8重量份。8 parts by weight of kapok, 8 parts by weight of frangipani, 8 parts by weight of lotus leaf, 8 parts by weight of Prunella vulgaris, and 8 parts by weight of dandelion.

本发明可以方便地将蚯蚓从有机肥中分离并将其投入到有机肥料制备的循环使用。The invention can conveniently separate the earthworms from the organic fertilizer and put them into recycling for the preparation of the organic fertilizer.

本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1、应用蚯蚓吞噬分解有机废弃物的活动特性,有效解决有机废弃物对坏境造成污染的同时,率先通过大型工厂化养殖获得充足蚓粪、蚓卵及其衍生物复配生态有机肥优化配比等关键技术。1. Using the activity characteristics of earthworms to devour and decompose organic wastes, effectively solve the environmental pollution caused by organic wastes, and take the lead in obtaining sufficient vermicompost, vermicompost and their derivatives through large-scale industrial farming to optimize the compound ecological organic fertilizer than other key technologies.

2、利用蚯蚓怕光的特性,特在筛网下支柱中部安装大功率Led泛光灯交叉直射筛网,蚯蚓遇见强光会迅速缩回黑暗的饲料中,有效的防止和控制体型较小的蚯蚓钻入筛网下,达到精准提高分离率效果。2. Taking advantage of the characteristics of earthworms being sensitive to light, a high-power LED floodlight is specially installed in the middle of the lower pillar of the screen to cross and direct the screen. Earthworms will quickly retract into the dark feed when encountering strong light, effectively preventing and controlling smaller ones. Earthworms drill under the screen to achieve the effect of precisely increasing the separation rate.

3、应用蚯蚓怕振的弱点,蚯蚓喜欢生活在安静的环境中,最怕震动。振动与惊动会使蚯蚓卷成一团,寻找机会逃逸。蚯蚓缩卷后体形会变短而肥大,不易掉进或钻进筛网下,有效提高分离提取率。3. Apply the weakness of earthworms who are afraid of vibrations. Earthworms like to live in a quiet environment and are most afraid of vibrations. Vibration and startling cause the worms to curl up and look for opportunities to escape. After the earthworm is shrunk, the body will become shorter and fatter, and it is not easy to fall or drill under the screen, which effectively improves the separation and extraction rate.

4、筛箱的进料口沿竖直方向比出料口高35厘米,进料口与出料口之间的间距为4.5米,为诱导蚯蚓逃逸提供良好的条件。在振动筛的振动作用下,筛网上蚯蚓会自动的跟随振动筛网从高往低处自然滑行,从而取得更佳的分离提取效果。4. The feed port of the screen box is 35 cm higher than the discharge port in the vertical direction, and the distance between the feed port and the discharge port is 4.5 meters, which provides good conditions for inducing earthworms to escape. Under the vibration of the vibrating screen, the earthworms on the screen will automatically follow the vibrating screen and slide naturally from high to low, so as to achieve better separation and extraction effect.

5、目前,常规做法是将养殖成龄蚯蚓以放生式投放到耕地田园,这种放养方法蚯蚓成活力低,操作复杂且成本较高。本发明是通过常规施用有机肥的方法,将蚓卵直接进入农田土壤里自然孵化,蚯蚓成长后在耕地土壤里不断地纵横钻洞和吞土排粪,改变土壤的理化性质,使板结贫瘠的土壤变得疏松多孔、通气透水、保墒肥沃且能促进作物根系生长,达到既可免耕或少耕,又可提高土壤肥力,节省劳力,节约能源,提高品质和产量的效果。5. At present, the conventional practice is to release the cultured adult earthworms into the cultivated land and pastoral. This method of stocking earthworms has low viability, complicated operation and high cost. In the present invention, through the conventional method of applying organic fertilizers, the worm eggs are directly inserted into the farmland soil for natural hatching. After the earthworm grows up, it continuously drills holes vertically and horizontally in the farmland soil, swallows soil and defecates, changes the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and makes the hardened and barren The soil becomes loose and porous, airy and permeable, moisture-retaining and fertile, and can promote the growth of crop roots, achieving the effects of no-tillage or less-tillage, but also improving soil fertility, saving labor, saving energy, and improving quality and yield.

6、本发明方法设计操作简单,规模化生产投资小,产品多功能,应用效果显著,极具创新性和新颕性。6. The method of the present invention is simple in design and operation, small in investment in large-scale production, multifunctional in product, remarkable in application effect, highly innovative and innovative.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明制备方法的工艺流程图。Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of preparation method of the present invention.

图2为本发明所使用的振动筛的主视图。Fig. 2 is a front view of the vibrating screen used in the present invention.

图3为图2中振动筛的左视图。Fig. 3 is a left view of the vibrating screen in Fig. 2 .

具体实施方式:detailed description:

以下进一步描述本发明的具体技术方案,以便于本领域的技术人员进一步地理解本发明,而不构成对其权利的限制。The specific technical solutions of the present invention are further described below, so that those skilled in the art can further understand the present invention, without limiting their rights.

如图2和图3所示,以下各实施例中的振动筛包括一个与水平方向呈倾斜设置的长方体形的筛箱4,筛箱4的底板上设置有筛网,筛箱4底部通过弹簧3安装在支柱1上,筛箱4的高端处顶部设置有进料口5,筛箱4的低端处设置有出料口6,筛箱4上安装有振动电机7,支柱1上安装有LED泛光灯2,LED泛光灯2的灯头朝向筛网,从而使其光束射向筛网。筛箱4与水平方向的倾角为4.5度。筛箱4长4.5m、宽1.2m,进料口高2.35m,出料口高2m,筛箱4高底相差35cm,筛网孔隙直径3.5mm;经振动筛进行分筛处理后细料的粒径<3.5mm分筛处理后的粗料的粒径>3.5mm。As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the vibrating screen in each of the following embodiments includes a cuboid screen box 4 that is inclined to the horizontal direction. The bottom plate of the screen box 4 is provided with a screen, and the bottom of the screen box 4 passes 3 Installed on the pillar 1, the top of the high end of the screen box 4 is provided with a feed port 5, the low end of the screen box 4 is provided with a discharge port 6, a vibration motor 7 is installed on the screen box 4, and a vibrating motor 7 is installed on the pillar 1. LED floodlight 2, the lamp head of LED floodlight 2 faces the screen mesh, so that its light beam shoots to the screen mesh. The inclination angle between the screen box 4 and the horizontal direction is 4.5 degrees. The screen box 4 is 4.5m long and 1.2m wide, the feed inlet is 2.35m high, and the discharge port is 2m high. Particle size < 3.5 mm The particle size of the coarse material after sieving treatment is > 3.5 mm.

本发明中的LED泛光灯的作用是为防止和控制体型较小的蚯蚓钻入筛网下,本发明采取在筛网下支柱中部安装两台大功率Led泛光灯,灯光交叉直射筛网,蚯蚓遇见强光会迅速缩回黑暗的饲料堆内。The function of the LED floodlight in the present invention is to prevent and control smaller earthworms from getting under the screen. The present invention adopts two high-power LED floodlights installed in the middle of the lower pillar of the screen, and the light crosses and directly shines on the screen. Earthworms will quickly withdraw into the dark feed pile when encountering strong light.

筛箱4的进料口5沿竖直方向比出料口6高35厘米,进料口5与出料口6之间的间距为4.5米,为诱导蚯蚓逃逸提供良好的条件。The feed port 5 of the screen box 4 is 35 centimeters higher than the discharge port 6 in the vertical direction, and the distance between the feed port 5 and the discharge port 6 is 4.5 meters, which provides good conditions for inducing earthworms to escape.

实施例1:Example 1:

一种蚓粪+蚓卵及其衍生物有机肥的制备方法,其步骤如下:A kind of preparation method of vermicompost+worm ovum and its derivative organic fertilizer, its steps are as follows:

步骤1,原料选配:Step 1, raw material selection:

牛粪或羊粪50公斤,凉茶渣30公斤(包括金银花6公斤、桑叶6公斤、仙草6公斤,棉茵陈6公斤、板蓝根6公斤),菇渣20公斤,微生物发酵剂0.12公斤。50 kg of cow dung or sheep dung, 30 kg of herbal tea dregs (including 6 kg of honeysuckle, 6 kg of mulberry leaves, 6 kg of jelly grass, 6 kg of cotton fungus, and 6 kg of isatidis root), 20 kg of mushroom dregs, and 0.12 kg of microbial fermentation agent.

蚯蚓选种:Earthworm selection:

赤子爱胜蚓,学名Eisenia foetida(Savigny,1826)。Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826).

步骤2,原料预处理:Step 2, raw material pretreatment:

先将凉茶渣、菇渣材料经破碎成0.1~0.3cm的粉粒状,完成预处理;First, the herbal tea dregs and mushroom dregs are crushed into powders of 0.1-0.3 cm to complete the pretreatment;

步骤3,原料配比混合:Step 3, raw material ratio mixing:

将预处理好的凉茶渣、菇渣材料和牛羊粪便投入盘式搅拌机进行混合搅拌,搅拌时接入微生物发酵剂,每批次搅拌3~5分钟。调节混合原料的pH值为6.5,碳氮比为27:1,水分的含量为52%,得到混合发酵料;Put the pretreated herbal tea dregs, mushroom dregs and cattle and sheep manure into a pan mixer for mixing and stirring, add microbial starter during stirring, and stir for 3 to 5 minutes in each batch. Adjust the pH value of the mixed raw material to be 6.5, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is 27:1, and the moisture content is 52%, so as to obtain the mixed fermented material;

步骤4,饲料发酵处理:Step 4, feed fermentation treatment:

将混合发酵料输送到发酵池,堆肥高度1.2~1.5m左右进行池堆发酵处理,当发酵物料温度升到45~50℃时进行第一次翻堆,以后温度升到60~70℃时进行第二次翻堆,以后每天翻堆一次;池堆发酵处理15~20天后,进入降温翻拋处理,当堆内有机发酵物从高温转入到常温时,完成物料发酵处理;然后按照设计好的定量转移到蚯蚓养殖池,剩余有机物料进入陈化堆腐处理,然后转入仓库储存,待蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵分离提取后进行复配成生态有机肥。Transport the mixed fermented material to the fermentation tank. The composting height is about 1.2-1.5m for the heap fermentation treatment. When the temperature of the fermented material rises to 45-50°C, the first turning is carried out, and then when the temperature rises to 60-70°C. Turn over the heap for the second time, and then once a day; after 15 to 20 days of fermentation treatment in the pool, enter the cooling and turning treatment, and when the organic fermented material in the heap changes from high temperature to normal temperature, the material fermentation treatment is completed; then according to the design Quantitatively transferred to the vermiculture pond, and the remaining organic materials are put into aging and composting treatment, and then transferred to the warehouse for storage. After the earthworms, vermicompost and vermicompost are separated and extracted, they are compounded into ecological organic fertilizers.

步骤5,蚯蚓养殖处理Step 5, vermiculture treatment

在钢架大棚内接种蚯蚓,所述钢架大棚的顶部覆盖有遮光率达到90%以上的黑色遮光网,钢架大棚内的水泥地板构成蚯蚓养殖池,钢架大棚的四周设置有由薄膜构成的活动墙幕,活动墙幕是指可以收卷和垂直下拉的塑料薄膜帘幕;将一次混合发酵料转移到蚯蚓养殖池后,池底层先铺放一层高10~15cm的切碎稻草,发酵料调节水分为50~60%,pH值6~7,在温度15~30℃之间的有机基质,在稻草层上堆成每条长20m、宽10m、高0.3~0.5m的条垛型蚯蚓生活基质料,每条垛相隔0.2m;在铺设条垛型基质料中间预留0.2~0.3m宽的空地投放成龄赤子爱胜蚓,投入量为2~2.5㎏/㎡,,因蚯蚓怕光,过15~20分钟后会逐渐钻入基质堆里吞食,然后再覆盖遮光率90%的黑色遮光网。Inoculate earthworms in a steel frame greenhouse, the top of which is covered with a black shading net with a shading rate of over 90%, the cement floor in the steel frame greenhouse constitutes an earthworm breeding pond, and the surroundings of the steel frame greenhouse are provided with a film made of The movable wall curtain refers to the plastic film curtain that can be rolled up and pulled down vertically; after the primary mixed fermentation material is transferred to the earthworm breeding pond, a layer of chopped straw with a height of 10-15cm is laid on the bottom of the pond, The fermented material adjusts the moisture to 50-60%, the pH value is 6-7, and the organic substrate at a temperature of 15-30°C is stacked on the straw layer to form a stack of 20m long, 10m wide, and 0.3-0.5m high. Type earthworm living matrix materials, each pile is separated by 0.2m; reserve a 0.2-0.3m wide open space in the middle of laying strip-type earthworm-type matrix materials, and put the adult Eisenia worms in the amount of 2-2.5kg/㎡, because Earthworms are afraid of light, and after 15 to 20 minutes, they will gradually drill into the substrate heap to devour, and then cover with a black shading net with a shading rate of 90%.

因饲料是粉状物质和含水分较高,容易造成板结和蚯蚓呼吸困难,为保持饲料疏松通风透气条件,避免蚯蚓堆肥中氨氮浓度过高和饲料过于腐熟影响喂养蚯蚓的效果,每隔3~5天使用铁耙疏松一次,操作时动作要轻巧,尽量避免损伤蚯蚓,以免影响蚓粪与蚓卵的产量。Because the feed is powdery and has high water content, it is easy to cause compaction and difficulty in breathing for earthworms. In order to keep the feed loose, ventilated and ventilated, and avoid excessive ammonia nitrogen concentration in earthworm compost and over-decomposed feed that will affect the effect of feeding earthworms, feed the earthworms every 3~ Use an iron rake to loosen once every 5 days. The operation should be light and gentle, and try to avoid damaging the earthworms, so as not to affect the output of vermicompost and worm eggs.

蚯蚓产卵的最佳外部条件为:温度15~25℃,超过35℃度则产卵明显减少或停产;为保障蚯蚓正常生长和繁殖,春、秋季开启棚内上方供水喷淋,3~5天洒水一次,夏季高温天气每天下午5点钟洒深井水或低温水一次,洒水时冲力要小且均匀,同时掀开大棚四周的薄膜墙幕以利通风换气和降温,每天上午11点~下午3点开启棚顶喷淋洒水,力争把饲料温度降到28℃以内;冬季放下四周的薄膜墙幕,同吋覆盖稻草或稻草编织的帘子以保温防寒,尽量把饲料温度控制在12℃以上。The best external conditions for earthworms to lay eggs are: the temperature is 15-25°C, and if the temperature exceeds 35°C, the spawning will be significantly reduced or stopped; in order to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of earthworms, open the upper water supply and spray in the shed in spring and autumn. Sprinkle water once a day, and sprinkle deep well water or low-temperature water once a day at 5 o'clock in the afternoon in summer high temperature weather. The momentum of watering should be small and even. At 3:00 p.m., sprinkle water on the roof of the shed, and strive to reduce the temperature of the feed to less than 28°C; in winter, put down the film wall curtains around it, and cover the straw or straw-woven curtains at the same time to keep warm and cold, and try to control the temperature of the feed at above 12°C .

步骤6, 蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵的筛分提成Step 6, the sieving of earthworms, vermicompost and worm eggs

研究发现蚯蚓属雌雄同体,但须异体交配才能繁殖,性成熟的蚯蚓(即出现生育环)在交配一周后各自产卵,但产卵频率与湿度、温度等有很大关系。当温度=18℃~25℃,湿度35%~45%,通风条件好时,一般3~5天就产卵一粒;当温度高于35℃或低于12℃时,产卵数量明显减少。Studies have found that earthworms are hermaphrodites, but they must be heterosexual to reproduce. Sexually mature earthworms (that is, with reproductive rings) lay eggs one week after mating, but the frequency of laying eggs has a lot to do with humidity and temperature. When the temperature is 18°C-25°C, the humidity is 35%-45%, and the ventilation conditions are good, one egg will be laid in 3-5 days; when the temperature is higher than 35°C or lower than 12°C, the number of eggs will be significantly reduced. .

蚯蚓交配后向土中排出的卵包即蚂茧,似米粒大小,直径2~3毫米,重量20~35毫克,多为球形、椭圆形、梨形或麦粒状等,蚯蚓可孵出2~8条幼蚓,多的达20条。年产20枚以上,最多达79枚蚓茧,平均每条蚯蚓每5天产生1枚蚓茧,如饲料充分、营养足够,每2~3天可产1枚蚓茧。After mating, earthworms discharge eggs into the soil called cocoons, which are the size of rice grains, with a diameter of 2-3 mm and a weight of 20-35 mg. Most of them are spherical, oval, pear-shaped or wheat grain-shaped. 8 juvenile worms, up to 20 at most. The annual output is more than 20, up to 79 cocoons. On average, each earthworm produces 1 cocoon every 5 days. If the feed is sufficient and the nutrition is sufficient, it can produce 1 cocoon every 2 to 3 days.

蚓茧孵化适宜温度为18℃~25℃,一般孵化时间短约20~30天左右,孵化率高,刚孵出的幼蚓细白如线,经40~50天的饲养生长达到性成熟,蚯蚓繁殖的高峰期8个月左右,1~1.5年后开始衰老死亡。The suitable temperature for cocoon hatching is 18°C-25°C. Generally, the hatching time is as short as 20-30 days, and the hatching rate is high. The newly hatched young worms are as thin and white as threads, and they reach sexual maturity after 40-50 days of feeding and growth. The peak period of earthworm reproduction is about 8 months, and it begins to age and die after 1 to 1.5 years.

研究还发现,蚯蚓防止祖孙同堂、近亲交配。蚯蚓一般将卵产于蚓粪或剩余的饲料中,人为很难把卵包与蚓粪、残饲料分开,收集卵包通常是把蚓粪和残饲料一起收集起来,单独放在空床上让卵孵化,同一批次的卵包放在一起孵化,不能将不同批次的卵包混在一起。The study also found that earthworms prevent grandparents from living together and inbreeding. Earthworms generally lay their eggs in vermicompost or leftover feed, and it is difficult to separate the egg packs from vermicompost and residual feed. Collecting egg packs is usually to collect the vermicompost and residual feed together, and put them on an empty bed alone to let the eggs For hatching, the egg packs of the same batch are hatched together, and different batches of egg packs cannot be mixed together.

发明人在养殖赤子爱胜蚓过程中, 经过多年的实践摸索,掌握了蚯蚓吞噬分解有机废弃物的活动特性,通过砂囊的机械研磨作用和肠道内的生物化学作用进行分解转化以及排粪、排卵、蚓卵孵化的规律;根据赤子爱胜蚓吞食有机物料的时间与数量计算,控制最佳收取时间每次喂养周期10天为一批次。收取时使用铲车将蚯蚓养殖池内蚯蚓、蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟混合料转移到预先准备的储料斗内,然后经输送带转入直线振动筛分筛提取,振动筛下为蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟混合细料,经输送带转入圆盘搅拌机与腐熟有机物料混合搅拌,蚯蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟料添加量为20%复配成生态有机肥。然后,将筛上剩余的蚯蚓和残余腐熟混合粗料经输送带投放到蚯蚓养殖池,给予新基质饲料继续喂养,同时根据蚯蚓繁殖的高峰期以及衰老死亡,适时投放成龄蚯蚓,以加速吞吃有机物料,有效地提高蚓粪和蚓卵产量。The inventor has mastered the activity characteristics of earthworms phagocytizing and decomposing organic wastes through years of practice and exploration in the process of cultivating Eisenia chinensis, and through the mechanical grinding of gizzards and the biochemical action in the intestinal tract, the decomposition and transformation and defecation, The law of ovulation and worm egg hatching; according to the calculation of the time and quantity of organic materials swallowed by Eisenia chinensis, the optimal collection time is controlled and each feeding cycle is 10 days as a batch. When collecting, use a forklift to transfer the earthworms, vermicompost, vermicompost and residual decomposed mixture in the vermiculture pond to the pre-prepared storage hopper, and then transfer to the linear vibrating sieve for extraction through the conveyor belt. Vermicompost and residual decomposed mixed fine materials are transferred to the disc mixer through the conveyor belt and mixed with decomposed organic materials. The addition amount of vermicompost, vermicompost and residual decomposed materials is 20% to compound into ecological organic fertilizer. Then, the remaining earthworms on the sieve and the remaining decomposed mixed coarse material are put into the earthworm breeding pond through the conveyor belt, and the new matrix feed is given to continue feeding. Eating organic materials can effectively increase the production of vermicompost and vermicompost.

实施例2:Example 2:

步骤1,原料选配:Step 1, raw material selection:

牛粪或羊粪45公斤,凉茶渣35公斤(包括菊花7公斤、葛花7公斤、鸡骨草7公斤、土伏苓7公斤、金钱草7公斤),玉米芯20公斤,微生物发酵剂0.15公斤。45 kg of cow dung or sheep dung, 35 kg of herbal tea dregs (including 7 kg of chrysanthemum, 7 kg of kudzu flower, 7 kg of chicken bone grass, 7 kg of soil Fuling, and 7 kg of money grass), 20 kg of corn cob, 0.15 kg of microbial fermentation agent Kilogram.

蚯蚓选种:Earthworm selection:

赤子爱胜蚓,学名Eisenia foetida(Savigny,1826)。Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826).

步骤2,原料预处理:Step 2, raw material pretreatment:

先将凉茶渣、玉米芯材料经破碎成0.1~0.3cm的粉粒状,完成预处理;First, the herbal tea dregs and corncob materials are crushed into powders of 0.1-0.3 cm to complete the pretreatment;

步骤3,原料配比混合:Step 3, raw material ratio mixing:

将预处理好的凉茶渣、玉米芯材料和牛羊粪便投入盘式搅拌机进行混合搅拌,搅拌时接入微生物发酵剂,每批次搅拌4分钟。调节混合原料的pH值为6.8,碳氮比为29:1,水分的含量为57%,得到混合发酵料;Put the pretreated herbal tea dregs, corncob materials and cattle and sheep manure into a pan mixer for mixing and stirring, add microbial starter during stirring, and stir for 4 minutes per batch. Adjust the pH value of the mixed raw material to be 6.8, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is 29:1, and the moisture content is 57%, so as to obtain the mixed fermented material;

步骤4,饲料发酵处理:Step 4, feed fermentation treatment:

将混合发酵料输送到发酵池,堆肥高度1.2~1.5m左右进行池堆发酵处理,当发酵物料温度升到45~50℃时进行第一次翻堆,以后温度升到60~70℃时进行第二次翻堆,以后每天翻堆一次;池堆发酵处理15~20天后,进入降温翻拋处理,当堆内有机发酵物从高温转入到常温时,完成物料发酵处理;然后按照设计好的定量转移到蚯蚓养殖池,剩余有机物料进入陈化堆腐处理,然后转入仓库储存,待蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵分离提取后进行复配成生态有机肥。Transport the mixed fermented material to the fermentation tank. The composting height is about 1.2-1.5m for the heap fermentation treatment. When the temperature of the fermented material rises to 45-50°C, the first turning is carried out, and then when the temperature rises to 60-70°C. Turn over the heap for the second time, and then once a day; after 15 to 20 days of fermentation treatment in the pool, enter the cooling and turning treatment, and when the organic fermented material in the heap changes from high temperature to normal temperature, the material fermentation treatment is completed; then according to the design Quantitatively transferred to the vermiculture pond, and the remaining organic materials are put into aging and composting treatment, and then transferred to the warehouse for storage. After the earthworms, vermicompost and vermicompost are separated and extracted, they are compounded into ecological organic fertilizers.

步骤5,蚯蚓养殖处理Step 5, vermiculture treatment

将一次混合发酵料转移到蚯蚓养殖池后,池底层先铺放一层高10~15cm的切碎稻草,发酵料调节水分为50~60%,pH值6~7 ,在温度15~30℃之间的有机基质,在稻草层上堆成每条长20m、宽10m、高0.3~0.5m的条垛型蚯蚓生活基质料,每条垛相隔0.2m;在铺设条垛型基质料中间预留0.2~0.3m宽的空地投放成龄赤子爱胜蚓,投入量为2~2.5㎏/㎡,因蚯蚓怕光,过15~20分钟后会逐渐钻入基质堆里吞食,然后再覆盖遮光率90%的黑色遮光网。After the primary mixed fermentation material is transferred to the earthworm breeding pond, a layer of chopped straw with a height of 10-15 cm is first laid on the bottom of the pond. The moisture of the fermentation material is adjusted to 50-60%, and the pH value is 6-7. The organic substrate between them is stacked on the straw layer into strips of earthworm living matrix materials with a length of 20m, a width of 10m, and a height of 0.3-0.5m, and each stack is separated by 0.2m; Leave an open space of 0.2-0.3m wide to put the adult Eisenia worms in at a rate of 2-2.5kg/㎡. Because the earthworms are afraid of light, after 15-20 minutes they will gradually drill into the substrate pile and devour them, and then cover them with shading 90% black shading net.

因饲料是粉状物质和含水分较高,容易造成板结和蚯蚓呼吸困难,为保持饲料疏松通风透气条件,避免蚯蚓堆肥中氨氮浓度过高和饲料过于腐熟影响喂养蚯蚓的效果,每隔3~5天使用铁耙疏松一次,操作时动作要轻巧,尽量避免损伤蚯蚓,以免影响蚓粪与蚓卵的产量。Because the feed is powdery and has high water content, it is easy to cause compaction and difficulty in breathing for earthworms. In order to keep the feed loose, ventilated and ventilated, and avoid excessive ammonia nitrogen concentration in earthworm compost and over-decomposed feed that will affect the effect of feeding earthworms, feed the earthworms every 3~ Use an iron rake to loosen once every 5 days. The operation should be light and gentle, and try to avoid damaging the earthworms, so as not to affect the output of vermicompost and worm eggs.

蚯蚓产卵的最佳外部条件为:温度15~25℃,超过35℃度则产卵明显减少或停产;为保障蚯蚓正常生长和繁殖,春、秋季开启棚内上方供水喷淋,3~5天洒水一次,夏季高温天气每天下午5.30钟洒深井水或低温水一次,洒水时冲力要小且均匀,同时掀开大棚四周的薄膜墙幕以利通风换气和降温,每天上午11点~下午3点开启棚顶喷淋洒水,力争把饲料温度降到28℃以内;冬季放下四周的薄膜墙幕,同吋覆盖稻草或稻草编织的帘子以保温防寒,尽量把饲料温度控制在12℃以上。The best external conditions for earthworms to lay eggs are: the temperature is 15-25°C, and if the temperature exceeds 35°C, the spawning will be significantly reduced or stopped; in order to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of earthworms, open the upper water supply and spray in the shed in spring and autumn. Sprinkle water once a day, and sprinkle deep well water or low-temperature water once a day at 5.30 pm in high-temperature summer weather. When sprinkling water, the momentum should be small and even. At 3 o'clock, open the roof to spray water, and strive to reduce the temperature of the feed to less than 28°C; in winter, put down the film wall curtains around it, and cover the straw or straw-woven curtains at the same time to keep warm and cold, and try to control the feed temperature above 12°C.

步骤6, 蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵的筛分提成Step 6, the sieving of earthworms, vermicompost and worm eggs

研究发现蚯蚓属雌雄同体,但须异体交配才能繁殖,性成熟的蚯蚓(即出现生育环)在交配一周后各自产卵,但产卵频率与湿度、温度等有很大关系。当温度=18℃~25℃,湿度35%~45%,通风条件好时,一般3~5天就产卵一粒;当温度高于35℃或低于12℃时,产卵数量明显减少。Studies have found that earthworms are hermaphrodites, but they must be heterosexual to reproduce. Sexually mature earthworms (that is, with reproductive rings) lay eggs one week after mating, but the frequency of laying eggs has a lot to do with humidity and temperature. When the temperature is 18°C-25°C, the humidity is 35%-45%, and the ventilation conditions are good, one egg will be laid in 3-5 days; when the temperature is higher than 35°C or lower than 12°C, the number of eggs will be significantly reduced. .

蚯蚓交配后向土中排出的卵包即蚂茧,似米粒大小,直径2~3毫米,重量20~35毫克,多为球形、椭圆形、梨形或麦粒状等,蚯蚓可孵出2~8条幼蚓,多的达20条。年产20枚以上,最多达79枚蚓茧,平均每条蚯蚓每5天产生1枚蚓茧,如饲料充分、营养足够,每2~3天可产1枚蚓茧。After mating, earthworms discharge eggs into the soil called cocoons, which are the size of rice grains, with a diameter of 2-3 mm and a weight of 20-35 mg. Most of them are spherical, oval, pear-shaped or wheat grain-shaped. 8 juvenile worms, up to 20 at most. The annual output is more than 20, up to 79 cocoons. On average, each earthworm produces 1 cocoon every 5 days. If the feed is sufficient and the nutrition is sufficient, it can produce 1 cocoon every 2 to 3 days.

蚓茧孵化适宜温度为18℃~25℃,一般孵化时间短约20~30天左右,孵化率高,刚孵出的幼蚓细白如线,经40~50天的饲养生长达到性成熟,蚯蚓繁殖的高峰期8个月左右,1~1.5年后开始衰老死亡。The suitable temperature for cocoon hatching is 18°C-25°C. Generally, the hatching time is as short as 20-30 days, and the hatching rate is high. The newly hatched young worms are as thin and white as threads, and they reach sexual maturity after 40-50 days of feeding and growth. The peak period of earthworm reproduction is about 8 months, and it begins to age and die after 1 to 1.5 years.

研究还发现,蚯蚓防止祖孙同堂、近亲交配。蚯蚓一般将卵产于蚓粪或剩余的饲料中,人为很难把卵包与蚓粪、残饲料分开,收集卵包通常是把蚓粪和残饲料一起收集起来,单独放在空床上让卵孵化,同一批次的卵包放在一起孵化,不能将不同批次的卵包混在一起。The study also found that earthworms prevent grandparents from living together and inbreeding. Earthworms generally lay their eggs in vermicompost or leftover feed, and it is difficult to separate the egg packs from vermicompost and residual feed. Collecting egg packs is usually to collect the vermicompost and residual feed together, and put them on an empty bed alone to let the eggs For hatching, the egg packs of the same batch are hatched together, and different batches of egg packs cannot be mixed together.

发明人在养殖赤子爱胜蚓过程中, 经过多年的实践摸索,掌握了蚯蚓吞噬分解有机废弃物的活动特性,通过砂囊的机械研磨作用和肠道内的生物化学作用进行分解转化以及排粪、排卵、蚓卵孵化的规律;根据赤子爱胜蚓吞食有机物料的时间与数量计算,控制最佳收取时间每次喂养周期11天为一批次。收取时使用铲车将蚯蚓养殖池内蚯蚓、蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟混合料转移到预先准备的储料斗内,然后经输送带转入直线振动筛分筛提取,振动筛下为蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟混合细料,经输送带转入圆盘搅拌机与腐熟有机物料混合搅拌,蚯蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟料添加量为25%复配成生态有机肥。然后,将筛上剩余的蚯蚓和残余腐熟混合粗料经输送带投放到蚯蚓养殖池,给予新基质饲料继续喂养,同时根据蚯蚓繁殖的高峰期以及衰老死亡,适时投放成龄蚯蚓,以加速吞吃有机物料,有效地提高蚓粪和蚓卵产量。The inventor has mastered the activity characteristics of earthworms phagocytizing and decomposing organic wastes through years of practice and exploration in the process of cultivating Eisenia chinensis, and through the mechanical grinding of gizzards and the biochemical action in the intestinal tract, the decomposition and transformation and defecation, The law of ovulation and worm egg hatching; according to the calculation of the time and quantity of organic materials swallowed by Eisenia chinensis, the optimal collection time is controlled and each feeding cycle is 11 days as a batch. When collecting, use a forklift to transfer the earthworms, vermicompost, vermicompost and residual decomposed mixture in the vermiculture pond to the pre-prepared storage hopper, and then transfer to the linear vibrating sieve for extraction through the conveyor belt. Vermicompost and residual decomposed mixed fine materials are transferred to the disc mixer through the conveyor belt and mixed with decomposed organic materials. The addition amount of vermicompost, vermicompost and residual decomposed materials is 25% to compound into ecological organic fertilizer. Then, the remaining earthworms on the sieve and the remaining decomposed mixed coarse material are put into the earthworm breeding pond through the conveyor belt, and the new matrix feed is given to continue feeding. Eating organic materials can effectively increase the production of vermicompost and vermicompost.

实施例3:Example 3:

步骤1,原料选配:Step 1, raw material selection:

牛粪或羊粪40公斤,凉茶渣40公斤(包括木棉花8公斤、鸡蛋花8公斤、荷叶8公斤、夏枯草8公斤、蒲公英8公斤),豆粕20公斤,微生物发酵剂0.10公斤。40 kg of cow dung or sheep dung, 40 kg of herbal tea dregs (including 8 kg of kapok, 8 kg of frangipani, 8 kg of lotus leaf, 8 kg of Prunella vulgaris, and 8 kg of dandelion), 20 kg of soybean meal, and 0.10 kg of microbial fermentation agent.

蚯蚓选种:Earthworm selection:

赤子爱胜蚓,学名Eisenia foetida(Savigny,1826)。Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826).

步骤2,原料预处理:Step 2, raw material pretreatment:

先将凉茶渣、豆粕材料经破碎成0.1~0.3cm的粉粒状,完成预处理;First, the herbal tea dregs and soybean meal materials are crushed into powders of 0.1-0.3 cm to complete the pretreatment;

步骤3,原料配比混合:Step 3, raw material ratio mixing:

将预处理好的凉茶渣、菇渣、玉米芯、豆粕材料和牛羊粪便投入盘式搅拌机进行混合搅拌,搅拌时接入微生物发酵剂,每批次搅拌5分钟。调节混合原料的pH值为7.0,碳氮比为31:1,水分的含量为62%,得到混合发酵料;Put the pretreated herbal tea dregs, mushroom dregs, corncobs, soybean meal materials, and cattle and sheep manure into a pan mixer for mixing and mixing. During mixing, microbial starter is added, and each batch is stirred for 5 minutes. Adjust the pH value of the mixed raw material to be 7.0, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is 31:1, and the moisture content is 62%, so as to obtain the mixed fermented material;

步骤4,饲料发酵处理:Step 4, feed fermentation treatment:

将混合发酵料输送到发酵池,堆肥高度1.2~1.5m左右进行池堆发酵处理,当发酵物料温度升到45~50℃时进行第一次翻堆,以后温度升到60~70℃时进行第二次翻堆,以后每天翻堆一次;池堆发酵处理15~20天后,进入降温翻拋处理,当堆内有机发酵物从高温转入到常温时,完成物料发酵处理;然后按照设计好的定量转移到蚯蚓养殖池,剩余有机物料进入陈化堆腐处理,然后转入仓库储存,待蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵分离提取后进行复配成生态有机肥。Transport the mixed fermented material to the fermentation tank. The composting height is about 1.2-1.5m for the heap fermentation treatment. When the temperature of the fermented material rises to 45-50°C, the first turning is carried out, and then when the temperature rises to 60-70°C. Turn over the heap for the second time, and then once a day; after 15 to 20 days of fermentation treatment in the pool, enter the cooling and turning treatment, and when the organic fermented material in the heap changes from high temperature to normal temperature, the material fermentation treatment is completed; then according to the design Quantitatively transferred to the vermiculture pond, and the remaining organic materials are put into aging and composting treatment, and then transferred to the warehouse for storage. After the earthworms, vermicompost and vermicompost are separated and extracted, they are compounded into ecological organic fertilizers.

步骤5,蚯蚓养殖处理Step 5, vermiculture treatment

将一次混合发酵料转移到蚯蚓养殖池后,池底层先铺放一层高10~15cm的切碎稻草,发酵料调节水分为50~60%,pH值6~7 ,在温度15~30℃之间的有机基质,在稻草层上堆成每条长20m、宽10m、高0.3~0.5m的条垛型蚯蚓生活基质料,每条垛相隔0.2m;在铺设条垛型基质料中间预留0.2~0.3m宽的空地投放成龄赤子爱胜蚓,投入量为2~2.5㎏/㎡,因蚯蚓怕光,过15~20分钟后会逐渐钻入基质堆里吞食,然后再覆盖遮光率90%的黑色遮光网。After the primary mixed fermentation material is transferred to the earthworm breeding pond, a layer of chopped straw with a height of 10-15 cm is first laid on the bottom of the pond. The moisture of the fermentation material is adjusted to 50-60%, and the pH value is 6-7. The organic substrate between them is stacked on the straw layer into strips of earthworm living matrix materials with a length of 20m, a width of 10m, and a height of 0.3-0.5m, and each stack is separated by 0.2m; Leave an open space of 0.2-0.3m wide to put the adult Eisenia worms in at a rate of 2-2.5kg/㎡. Because the earthworms are afraid of light, after 15-20 minutes they will gradually drill into the substrate pile and devour them, and then cover them with shading 90% black shading net.

因饲料是粉状物质和含水分较高,容易造成板结和蚯蚓呼吸困难,为保持饲料疏松通风透气条件,避免蚯蚓堆肥中氨氮浓度过高和饲料过于腐熟影响喂养蚯蚓的效果,每隔3~5天使用铁耙疏松一次,操作时动作要轻巧,尽量避免损伤蚯蚓,以免影响蚓粪与蚓蚓卵的产量。Because the feed is powdery and has high water content, it is easy to cause compaction and difficulty in breathing for earthworms. In order to keep the feed loose, ventilated and ventilated, and avoid excessive ammonia nitrogen concentration in earthworm compost and over-decomposed feed that will affect the effect of feeding earthworms, feed the earthworms every 3~ Use an iron rake to loosen once every 5 days. The operation should be light and gentle, and try to avoid damaging the earthworms, so as not to affect the output of vermicompost and vermicompost eggs.

蚯蚓产卵的最佳外部条件为:温度15~25℃,超过35℃度则产卵明显减少或停产;为保障蚯蚓正常生长和繁殖,春、秋季开启棚内上方供水喷淋,3~5天洒水一次,夏季高温天气每天下午6点钟洒深井水或低温水一次,洒水时冲力要小且均匀,同时掀开大棚四周的薄膜墙幕以利通风换气和降温,每天上午11点~下午3点开启棚顶喷淋洒水,力争把饲料温度降到28℃以内;冬季放下四周的薄膜墙幕,同吋覆盖稻草或稻草编织的帘子以保温防寒,尽量把饲料温度控制在12℃以上。The best external conditions for earthworms to lay eggs are: the temperature is 15-25°C, and if the temperature exceeds 35°C, the spawning will be significantly reduced or stopped; in order to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of earthworms, open the upper water supply and spray in the shed in spring and autumn. Sprinkle water once a day, and sprinkle deep well water or low-temperature water once a day at 6 o'clock in the afternoon in summer high temperature weather. When sprinkling water, the momentum should be small and even. At 3:00 p.m., sprinkle water on the roof of the shed, and strive to reduce the temperature of the feed to less than 28°C; in winter, put down the film wall curtains around it, and cover the straw or straw-woven curtains at the same time to keep warm and cold, and try to control the temperature of the feed at above 12°C .

步骤6, 蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵的筛分提成Step 6, the sieving of earthworms, vermicompost and worm eggs

研究发现蚯蚓属雌雄同体,但须异体交配才能繁殖,性成熟的蚯蚓(即出现生育环)在交配一周后各自产卵,但产卵频率与湿度、温度等有很大关系。当温度=18℃~25℃,湿度35%~45%,通风条件好时,一般3~5天就产卵一粒;当温度高于35℃或低于12℃时,产卵数量明显减少。Studies have found that earthworms are hermaphrodites, but they must be heterosexual to reproduce. Sexually mature earthworms (that is, with reproductive rings) lay eggs one week after mating, but the frequency of laying eggs has a lot to do with humidity and temperature. When the temperature is 18°C-25°C, the humidity is 35%-45%, and the ventilation conditions are good, one egg will be laid in 3-5 days; when the temperature is higher than 35°C or lower than 12°C, the number of eggs will be significantly reduced. .

蚯蚓交配后向土中排出的卵包即蚂茧,似米粒大小,直径2~3毫米,重量20~35毫克,多为球形、椭圆形、梨形或麦粒状等,蚯蚓可孵出2~8条幼蚓,多的达20条。年产20枚以上,最多达79枚蚓茧,平均每条蚯蚓每5天产生1枚蚓茧,如饲料充分、营养足够,每2~3天可产1枚蚓茧。After mating, earthworms discharge eggs into the soil called cocoons, which are the size of rice grains, with a diameter of 2-3 mm and a weight of 20-35 mg. Most of them are spherical, oval, pear-shaped or wheat grain-shaped. 8 juvenile worms, up to 20 at most. The annual output is more than 20, up to 79 cocoons. On average, each earthworm produces 1 cocoon every 5 days. If the feed is sufficient and the nutrition is sufficient, it can produce 1 cocoon every 2 to 3 days.

蚓茧孵化适宜温度为18℃~25℃,一般孵化时间短约20~30天左右,孵化率高,刚孵出的幼蚓细白如线,经40~50天的饲养生长达到性成熟,蚯蚓繁殖的高峰期8个月左右,1~1.5年后开始衰老死亡。The suitable temperature for cocoon hatching is 18°C-25°C. Generally, the hatching time is as short as 20-30 days, and the hatching rate is high. The newly hatched young worms are as thin and white as threads, and they reach sexual maturity after 40-50 days of feeding and growth. The peak period of earthworm reproduction is about 8 months, and it begins to age and die after 1 to 1.5 years.

研究还发现,蚯蚓防止祖孙同堂、近亲交配。蚯蚓一般将卵产于蚓粪或剩余的饲料中,人为很难把卵包与蚓粪、残饲料分开,收集卵包通常是把蚓粪和残饲料一起收集起来,单独放在空床上让卵孵化,同一批次的卵包放在一起孵化,不能将不同批次的卵包混在一起。The study also found that earthworms prevent grandparents from living together and inbreeding. Earthworms generally lay their eggs in vermicompost or leftover feed, and it is difficult to separate the egg packs from vermicompost and residual feed. Collecting egg packs is usually to collect the vermicompost and residual feed together, and put them on an empty bed alone to let the eggs For hatching, the egg packs of the same batch are hatched together, and different batches of egg packs cannot be mixed together.

发明人在养殖赤子爱胜蚓过程中, 经过多年的实践摸索,掌握了蚯蚓吞噬分解有机废弃物的活动特性,通过砂囊的机械研磨作用和肠道内的生物化学作用进行分解转化以及排粪、排卵、蚓卵孵化的规律;根据赤子爱胜蚓吞吃有机物料的时间与数量计算,控制最佳收取时间每次喂养周期12天为一批次。收取时使用铲车将蚯蚓养殖池内蚯蚓、蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟混合料转移到预先准备的储料斗内,然后经输送带转入直线振动筛分筛提取,振动筛下为蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟混合细料,经输送带转入圆盘搅拌机与腐熟有机物料混合搅拌,蚯蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟料添加量为30%复配成生态有机肥。然后,将筛上剩余的蚯蚓和残余腐熟混合粗料经输送带投放到蚯蚓养殖池,给予新基质饲料继续喂养,同时根据蚯蚓繁殖的高峰期以及衰老死亡,适时投放成龄蚯蚓,以加速吞吃有机物料,有效地提高蚓粪和蚓卵产量。The inventor has mastered the activity characteristics of earthworms phagocytizing and decomposing organic wastes through years of practice and exploration in the process of cultivating Eisenia chinensis, and through the mechanical grinding of gizzards and the biochemical action in the intestinal tract, the decomposition and transformation and defecation, The law of ovulation and worm egg hatching; according to the calculation of the time and quantity of organic materials swallowed by Eisenia chinensis, the optimal collection time is controlled and each feeding cycle is 12 days as a batch. When collecting, use a forklift to transfer the earthworms, vermicompost, vermicompost and residual decomposed mixture in the vermiculture pond to the pre-prepared storage hopper, and then transfer to the linear vibrating sieve for extraction through the conveyor belt. Vermicompost and residual decomposed mixed fine materials are transferred to the disc mixer through the conveyor belt and mixed with decomposed organic materials. The addition amount of vermicompost, vermicompost and residual decomposed materials is 30% to compound into ecological organic fertilizer. Then, the remaining earthworms on the sieve and the remaining decomposed mixed coarse material are put into the earthworm breeding pond through the conveyor belt, and the new matrix feed is given to continue feeding. Eating organic materials can effectively increase the production of vermicompost and vermicompost.

Claims (5)

1.以蚓粪、蚓卵为原料的蚯蚓衍生物有机肥制备方法,包括以下步骤:1. The preparation method of the earthworm derivative organic fertilizer taking vermicompost and earthworm ovum as raw material comprises the following steps: 步骤1,选取原料:Step 1, select raw materials: 选取以下重量配比的原料中的一种或两种以上的混合物,作为有机物料:Select one or a mixture of two or more raw materials in the following weight ratios as organic materials: 凉茶渣30-40重量份、菇渣15-20重量份,玉米芯15-20重量份,豆粕10-20重量份,微生物发酵剂0.1-0.15重量份;30-40 parts by weight of herbal tea dregs, 15-20 parts by weight of mushroom dregs, 15-20 parts by weight of corncobs, 10-20 parts by weight of soybean meal, and 0.1-0.15 parts by weight of microbial starter; 所述凉茶渣是指制备凉茶后得到的残渣,也就是将制备凉茶的原材料通过水煎煮法提取有效成分后,机械脱水所得的残渣;The herbal tea residue refers to the residue obtained after the preparation of the herbal tea, that is, the residue obtained by mechanical dehydration after the raw materials for the preparation of the herbal tea are decocted to extract the active ingredients; 所述菇渣是在用袋装基质栽培金针菇时,采收金针菇后在培养袋中剩余的基质残渣;Described mushroom dregs are when using bagged substrate to cultivate Flammulina velutipes, after gathering Flammulina velutipes, remaining substrate residue in the culture bag; 步骤2,粉碎原料:Step 2, Crush the ingredients: 将上述有机物料经破碎成0.1~0.3cm的粉粒状,得到预处理原料;The above-mentioned organic materials are crushed into powders of 0.1-0.3 cm to obtain pretreated raw materials; 步骤3,制备发酵原料:Step 3, preparation of fermentation raw materials: 将预处理原料与40~50重量份的牛粪或40~50重量份的羊粪便投入盘式搅拌机进行混合搅拌,搅拌时接入0.1~0.15重量份的微生物发酵剂,每批次搅拌3~5分钟,调节混合原料的pH值为6.5~7.5,碳氮比为25~31:1,水分的含量为48~58%,得到发酵原料;Put the pretreated raw material and 40-50 parts by weight of cow dung or 40-50 parts by weight of sheep manure into a disc mixer for mixing and stirring, add 0.1-0.15 parts by weight of microbial starter during stirring, and stir 3-3 parts per batch For 5 minutes, adjust the pH value of the mixed raw material to 6.5-7.5, the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-31:1, and the water content to 48-58%, to obtain the fermented raw material; 步骤4,发酵处理:Step 4, fermentation treatment: 将发酵原料转移到发酵池,堆成高度为1.2~1.5米的池堆进行发酵处理,当发酵原料温度升到45~50℃时进行第一次翻堆,以后温度升到60~70℃时进行第二次翻堆,以后每天翻堆一次;Transfer the fermentation raw materials to the fermentation tank, and pile them up into a pool pile with a height of 1.2-1.5 meters for fermentation treatment. When the temperature of the fermentation raw materials rises to 45-50°C, the first turning is carried out, and then when the temperature rises to 60-70°C Carry out the second turning, and then turn once a day; 池堆发酵处理15~20天后,进入降温翻拋处理,当发酵池内的物料的温度降到常温,并且物料呈松软不粘、无酸臭味时完成发酵处理,得到发酵产物;After 15 to 20 days of fermentation treatment in the pool pile, enter the cooling and turning treatment. When the temperature of the material in the fermentation tank drops to normal temperature, and the material is soft and non-sticky, and has no sour smell, the fermentation treatment is completed and the fermentation product is obtained; 步骤5,投放蚯蚓:Step 5, release earthworms: 在钢架大棚内投放蚯蚓,所述钢架大棚的顶部覆盖有遮光率达到90%以上的黑色遮光网,钢架大棚内的水泥地板构成蚯蚓养殖池,钢架大棚的四周设置有由薄膜构成的活动墙幕;投放蚯蚓前在蚯蚓养殖池中铺放一层高10~15cm的切碎稻草,然后取发酵产物到稻草层上堆成若干条垛形基质料,在相邻的条垛形基质料之间的间隔处的稻草层上投放成龄赤子爱胜蚓,投放密度为每立方米的条垛形基质料投放1.5~2.0千克的赤子爱胜蚓,使赤子爱胜蚓自然爬行到条垛形基质料上;以后每隔3~5天使用铁耙疏松条垛形基质料一次,操作时动作要轻巧,尽量避免损伤蚯蚓,以免影响蚓粪与蚓蚓卵的产量;Put earthworms in the steel frame greenhouse, the top of the steel frame greenhouse is covered with a black shading net with a shading rate of more than 90%, the cement floor in the steel frame greenhouse forms an earthworm breeding pond, and the steel frame greenhouse is surrounded by a film made of A movable wall curtain; before placing earthworms, lay a layer of chopped straw with a height of 10-15 cm in the earthworm breeding pond, and then take the fermentation product and stack it on the straw layer to form several pile-shaped base materials, and place the adjacent pile-shaped On the straw layer at the interval between the matrix materials, the mature Eisenia worms are placed on the straw layer, and the stocking density is 1.5 to 2.0 kg of Eisenia worms per cubic meter of strip-shaped base material, so that the worms can naturally crawl to the ground. On the stack-shaped base material; after that, use an iron rake to loosen the stack-shaped base material every 3 to 5 days. The operation should be light and gentle, and try to avoid damaging the earthworms, so as not to affect the output of vermicompost and vermicompost; 步骤6, 蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵的筛分提成:Step 6, the sieving commission of earthworms, vermicompost and worm eggs: 投放成龄赤子爱胜蚓10~12天后,使用铲车将蚯蚓养殖池内的条垛形基质料、蚯蚓、蚓粪和蚓卵转移到储料斗内,然后通过输送带转入直线振动筛进行分筛提取,在振动筛下得到以蚓粪、蚓卵和残余腐熟细料构成的混合细料,将混合细料经输送带转入圆盘搅拌机与步骤4得到的发酵产物按20~30:100的重量配比进行混合搅拌,制备得到蚯蚓衍生物有机肥;将振动筛上剩余的蚯蚓作为接种用的蚯蚓返回到步骤5中及后续步骤。After 10 to 12 days after putting in the mature Eisenia worms, use a forklift to transfer the strip-shaped matrix materials, earthworms, worm castings and worm eggs in the worm culture pond to the storage hopper, and then transfer them to the linear vibrating screen through the conveyor belt for sorting. Sieve extraction, under the vibrating sieve to obtain the mixed fine material composed of vermicompost, vermicompost and residual decomposed fine material, transfer the mixed fine material to the disc mixer through the conveyor belt and the fermentation product obtained in step 4 at a ratio of 20 to 30: 100 The weight ratio is mixed and stirred to prepare an earthworm derivative organic fertilizer; the remaining earthworms on the vibrating screen are used as earthworms for inoculation and returned to step 5 and subsequent steps. 2.根据权利要求1所述的以蚓粪、蚓卵为原料的蚯蚓衍生物有机肥制备方法,其特征在于:2. the preparation method of the earthworm derivative organic fertilizer taking vermicompost and earthworm ovum as raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述步骤5中,为保障蚯蚓正常生长和繁殖,春、秋季在钢架大棚内上方通过供水喷淋对垛形基质料进行喷湿,3~5天洒水一次,夏季高温天气每天下午5~6点钟洒深井水或低温水一次,洒水时冲力要小且均匀,同时掀开钢架大棚四周的薄膜墙幕以利通风换气和降温,每天上午11点~下午3点开启棚顶喷淋洒水,将垛形基质料温度降到28℃以下;冬季放下钢架大棚四周的薄膜墙幕,同吋覆盖稻草或稻草编织的帘子以保温防寒,将垛形基质料温度控制在12℃以上。In the step 5, in order to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of earthworms, in spring and autumn, the pile-shaped matrix material is sprayed by water supply spraying above the steel frame greenhouse, and water is sprayed once every 3 to 5 days. Sprinkle deep well water or low-temperature water once at 6 o'clock. When sprinkling water, the momentum should be small and even. Sprinkle water to reduce the temperature of the stacked base material to below 28°C; put down the film wall curtains around the steel frame greenhouse in winter, and cover straw or straw woven curtains at the same time to keep warm and cold, and control the temperature of the stacked base material above 12°C . 3.根据权利要求1所述的以蚓粪、蚓卵为原料的蚯蚓衍生物有机肥制备方法,其特征在于:3. the preparation method of the earthworm derivative organic fertilizer taking vermicompost and earthworm ovum as raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述步骤6中振动筛包括一个呈倾斜设置的长方体形的筛箱(4),筛箱(4)的底板上设置有筛网,筛箱(4)底部通过弹簧(3)安装在支柱(1)上,筛箱(4)的高端处顶部设置有进料口(5),筛箱(4)的低端处设置有出料口(6),筛箱(4)上安装有振动电机(7),支柱(1)上安装有LED泛光灯(2),LED泛光灯(2)的灯头朝向筛网。In the step 6, the vibrating screen includes a cuboid screen box (4) that is inclined. The bottom plate of the screen box (4) is provided with a screen, and the bottom of the screen box (4) is installed on the pillar ( 1), the top of the high end of the screen box (4) is provided with a feed inlet (5), the low end of the screen box (4) is provided with a discharge port (6), and a vibration motor is installed on the screen box (4) (7), an LED floodlight (2) is installed on the pillar (1), and the lamp head of the LED floodlight (2) faces the screen. 4.根据权利要求3所述的以蚓粪、蚓卵为原料的蚯蚓衍生物有机肥制备方法,其特征在于:4. the earthworm derivative organic fertilizer preparation method taking vermicompost and earthworm ovum as raw material according to claim 3 is characterized in that: 所述步骤6中的筛箱(4)的进料口(5)比出料口(6)高35厘米,进料口(5)与出料口(6)之间沿水平方向的间距为4.5米。The feed inlet (5) of the screen box (4) in the step 6 is 35 centimeters higher than the discharge outlet (6), and the horizontal distance between the feed inlet (5) and the discharge outlet (6) is 4.5 meters. 5.根据权利要求1所述的以蚓粪、蚓卵为原料的蚯蚓衍生物有机肥制备方法,其特征在于:5. the preparation method of the earthworm derivative organic fertilizer taking vermicompost and earthworm ovum as raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述步骤1中的凉茶渣由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:The herbal tea dregs in the step 1 are mixed by the following raw materials in weight ratio: 金银花6重量份,桑叶6重量份,仙草6重量份,棉茵陈6重量份,板蓝根6重量份;或6 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 6 parts by weight of mulberry leaves, 6 parts by weight of grass jelly, 6 parts by weight of capillary cotton, and 6 parts by weight of Radix Radix; or 菊花7重量份,葛花7重量份,鸡骨草7重量份,土伏苓7重量份,金钱草7重量份;或7 parts by weight of chrysanthemum, 7 parts by weight of Pueraria japonica, 7 parts by weight of Phyllostachys japonicus, 7 parts by weight of Rhizoma chinensis, and 7 parts by weight of Desmodium; or 木棉花8重量份,鸡蛋花8重量份,荷叶8重量份,夏枯草8重量份,蒲公英8重量份。8 parts by weight of kapok, 8 parts by weight of frangipani, 8 parts by weight of lotus leaf, 8 parts by weight of Prunella vulgaris, and 8 parts by weight of dandelion.
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CN108440184A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-08-24 河北润农欣生物科技有限公司 A kind of production method of the microbial-bacterial fertilizer containing earthworm fibrinlytic enzyme
CN108464280A (en) * 2018-03-09 2018-08-31 河北绿龙环保工程有限公司 A kind of automatic breeding system of earthworm
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CN108464280A (en) * 2018-03-09 2018-08-31 河北绿龙环保工程有限公司 A kind of automatic breeding system of earthworm
CN108440184A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-08-24 河北润农欣生物科技有限公司 A kind of production method of the microbial-bacterial fertilizer containing earthworm fibrinlytic enzyme
CN112512312B (en) * 2018-06-05 2023-02-17 劳·德克斯 Automatic earthworm production line
CN112512312A (en) * 2018-06-05 2021-03-16 劳·德克斯 Automatic earthworm production line
CN110683902A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-01-14 中国热带农业科学院分析测试中心 Fertilizer suitable for artemisia selengensis and preparation method thereof
CN111972359A (en) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-24 江苏恒通环保科技有限公司 Automatic insect organic fertilizer production line
CN112262819A (en) * 2020-09-24 2021-01-26 宁夏大学 Earthworm horticulture crop stereoscopic planting and breeding structure
CN112385506A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-02-23 郑明� Preparation method of soilless culture substrate
CN112616352A (en) * 2020-12-23 2021-04-09 韶关市华源水电建设有限公司 Method for improving ecological environment of farmland area
CN112655657A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-04-16 北京市土肥工作站 Method for preparing organic matrix based on earthworm inoculation
CN112939640A (en) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-11 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 Production process of bioactive wormcast organic fertilizer
CN113057144A (en) * 2021-03-30 2021-07-02 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 A method for realizing sludge reduction and resource utilization through three-dimensional earthworm culture
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WO2022267261A1 (en) * 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 Method for improving properties and efficiency of tropical sandy farmland soil
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