CN106702982B - A kind of intensive farmland drainage system - Google Patents

A kind of intensive farmland drainage system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106702982B
CN106702982B CN201611228484.0A CN201611228484A CN106702982B CN 106702982 B CN106702982 B CN 106702982B CN 201611228484 A CN201611228484 A CN 201611228484A CN 106702982 B CN106702982 B CN 106702982B
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China
Prior art keywords
canal
farmland
agricultural drain
agricultural
drainage
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CN106702982A (en
Inventor
赵长盛
陈庆锋
李剑
栾玲玉
戚平平
郭贝贝
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Shandong Analysis and Test Center
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Shandong Analysis and Test Center
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, flume and agricultural drain canal including being set to farmland both ends are arranged at intervals with multiple field drainage canals in farmland, machine-walking area are provided on the inside of agricultural drain canal, machine-walking is provided with hidden pipe in area;The two sides of field drainage canal are provided with the furrow ridge, and the bottom interval of agricultural drain canal is provided with permeable dike;The two sides of agricultural drain canal are provided with the canal ridge, and the bottom interval of agricultural drain canal is provided with permeable dike, and the end of agricultural drain canal is provided with farmland advanced treatment apparatus.Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, by the way that flume, agricultural drain canal, field drainage canal is arranged, so that the excessive moisture that rainfall and field irrigation generate is seeped by side and is discharged into field drainage canal, agricultural drain canal is flowed by field drainage canal again, farmland water-break is handled eventually by farmland advanced treatment apparatus, the content of nitrogen and phosphorous in draining is effectively reduced, water quality of having evolved avoids to be discharged into river and further results in pollution.

Description

A kind of intensive farmland drainage system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intensive farmland drainage systems, more specifically, more particularly to one kind can effectively reduce agriculture The intensive farmland drainage system of nitrogen and phosphorus content in the water-break of field.
Background technique
Land usage right circulation degree in China's is increasing in recent years, and land usage right circulation, which refers to, possesses land contract warp Land management right (right to use) is transferred other peasant households or economic organization by the peasant household of battalion's power, i.e. reservation contract right, is transferred the possession of and is used Power.Land transformation can effectively improve Land Resource Allocation efficiency, further activate agricultural leftover labor transfer, for agricultural rule Modelling, intensive, efficient manage provide wide space.Land transformation concentrates soil large area, and the filling in farmland is made to arrange system Great variation occurs for system and the irrigation and drainage system with functions of original single household.Relatively pay attention to soil irrigation system in northern China soil management person The construction of drainage system is built in the construction of system according further to the mode that original peasant household manages, and is causing impeded drainage that stain occurs The generation that agricultural non-point source pollution is also exacerbated while evil, causes underground water nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.
Crop straw burning can not only bring serious atmosphere pollution, but also can destroy soil texture, and China is tight at this stage Prohibiting stalk (such as wheat straw, corn stalk, big beanstalk, rice straw) burning.It is also gradually popularized and is opened due to the use of rural area liquefied gas Come, the peasant household cooked using stalk is also fewer and fewer, therefore a large amount of stalks in rural area can be deposited in field, both be unfavorable for straw The returning to the field of stalk is also easy to cause high fire in field.If stack retting processing can be carried out to stalk, it will shorten straw-returning week Phase and the crop producing power for increasing soil after returning to the field.
Under conditions of to the existing irrigation program in northern farmland, it is well on the same of discharge to farmland water-break When, reduce underground water nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, and to farmland water-break carry out ecological management and repair, reduce farmland water-break in nitrogen phosphorus and COD pollution.The present invention can reduce the soil erosion in farmland at the same time, by the processing of stalk stack retting shorten the returning to the field period and Increase soil crop producing power, is conducive to increase field bio-diversity, so that the ecosystem in farmland be made to improve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to overcome the shortcomings of the above technical problems, provides a kind of intensive farmland drainage system.
Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, flume and agricultural drain canal including being set to farmland both ends, agriculture Tanaka is arranged at intervals with multiple field drainage canals, and farmland is divided into multiple embanked fields by field drainage canal;Flume and each embanked field Middle part corresponding position offers irrigating gate;It is characterized by: being provided with the machine convenient for agricultural machinery disengaging on the inside of agricultural drain canal Tool is walked area, and the hidden pipe for being connected to field drainage canal Yu agricultural drain canal is provided in machine-walking area;The field drainage The two sides of canal, which are provided with, prevents water in farmland from flowing directly into the furrow ridge of field drainage canal, and the bottom interval of field drainage canal is set It is equipped with permeable dike;The two sides of agricultural drain canal are provided with the canal ridge, and the bottom interval of agricultural drain canal is provided with permeable dike, farmland row The end of water channel is provided with agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus.
Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, the permeable dike in field drainage canal and agricultural drain canal is by crops straw Stalk composition, the height of permeable dike are lower than the depth of corresponding drainage ditch;The upper surface and end face of the permeable dike of agricultural crop straw composition On be provided with mesh sheet, be provided with the short wooden stake that agricultural crop straw is fixed on to drainage ditch bottom using mesh sheet on four angles of mesh sheet.
Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, the agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus is by along water (flow) direction successively phase The first processing pond, second processing pond, third processing pond and the fourth process pond of neighbour's setting form, and agricultural drain canal passes through top Water inlet is communicated with the first processing pond, and the first processing pond is communicated with second processing pond by the first communication port of bottom, at second Reason pond is communicated with third processing pond by second communication port on top, the third that third processing pond passes through bottom with fourth process pond Communication port communicates;Fourth process is provided with water outlet on pond;
Coarse crushing stone, thin is separately filled in first processing pond, second processing pond, third processing pond and fourth process pond Rubble, haydite and fine sand, agricultural drain is flowed in processing pond and the filtering successively through coarse crushing stone, fine stone, haydite and fine sand And absorption, it further reduced the content of nitrogen and phosphorous in agricultural drain.
Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, the water inlet, the second communication port, the height of water outlet successively drop It is low, so that agricultural drain is successively flowed in the first processing pond, second processing pond, third processing pond and fourth process pond;The agriculture The height of field draining depth processing unit is equal with the height of agricultural drain canal, so as to meet storm drain amount it is larger when cover processing Pond discharge.
Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, height, the length of processing pond in the agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus Degree and width are respectively 1.3m, 1.4m and 1.0m;The coarse crushing stone, fine stone, haydite and fine sand upper surface on plant and be implanted with Kind is implanted with vegetation on the inner surface of quilt, the field drainage canal and agricultural drain canal.
Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, the distance between the flume and agricultural drain canal are 100m, furrow The width in field is 8m;The distance between adjacent permeable dike is 15m in field drainage canal, in agricultural drain canal between adjacent permeable dike Distance be 20m.
Intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, the field drainage canal are the isosceles trapezoid that depth is 0.4m, field The bottom width of drainage ditch is 0.3m, upper width 0.4m, and the height on the furrow ridge of field drainage canal two sides is 0.2m, field row The height of permeable dike is 0.15m in water channel;Agricultural drain canal is the isosceles trapezoid that depth is 1.2m, and the bottom of agricultural drain canal is wide Degree is 0.8m, upper width 2.2m, and the canal ridge height of agricultural drain canal two sides is 0.4m, the height of permeable dike in agricultural drain canal Degree is 0.2m.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, is drawn by the both ends setting in farmland Water channel and agricultural drain canal are provided with multiple field drainage canals in farmland, so that rainfall in farmland and field irrigation generated Excessive moisture is seeped by side to be discharged into field drainage canal, then flows into agricultural drain canal by field drainage canal, eventually by farmland depth Degree processing unit handles farmland water-break, effectively reduces the content of nitrogen and phosphorous in draining, and water quality of having evolved is avoided and is discharged into Pollution is further resulted in river.
Meanwhile by the way that the permeable dike being made of agricultural crop straw is arranged in field drainage canal and agricultural drain canal, dropping Low water flow rate degree, make particulate matter precipitating, increase crops to farmland nitrogen phosphorus absorb while, the environment of aqueous agricultural crop straw is more Be conducive to the growth and growth of microorganism, microorganism decomposes stalk using the nitrogen phosphorus in water, realizes to crops straw " stack retting " of stalk acts on, the organic fertilizer for utilizing its fast degradation for crops, increase the speed of straw-returning with Effect.
By the way that the agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus that is made of 4 processing ponds is arranged, farmland water-break during discharge, Filtration treatment successively through coarse crushing stone, fine stone, haydite and fine sand can further realize nitrogen phosphorus substance in water using microorganism Consumption, reduces the pollution after being discharged into river.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the layout diagram of intensive farmland drainage system of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of Section A-A in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of field drainage canal in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of farmland drainage ditch in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the top view of farmland draining depth processing unit in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of farmland draining depth processing unit in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of permeable dike in the present invention.
In figure: 1 flume, 2 field drainage canals, 3 agricultural drain canals, 4 agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus, 5 machine-walkings Area, 6 embanked fields, 7 irrigating gates, 8 hidden pipes, 9 discharge outlet, 10 permeable dikes, 12 soil, the 13 furrow ridge, the 14 canal ridge, 15 vegetation, at 16 first Reason pond, 17 second processing ponds, 18 third processing ponds, 19 fourth process ponds, 20 water inlets, 21 water outlets, 22 first communication ports, 23 Second communication port, 24 third connecting mouths, 25 coarse crushing stones, 26 fine stones, 27 haydites, 28 fine sands, 29 agricultural crop straws, 30 mesh sheet, 31 short wooden stakes.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, giving the layout diagram of intensive farmland drainage system of the invention, Fig. 2 is given in Fig. 1 The cross-sectional view of Section A-A, the both ends in shown farmland are provided with flume 1 and agricultural drain canal 3, and field drainage canal 2, which is set to, to be drawn Between water channel 1 and agricultural drain canal 3, will farmland even partition be multiple embanked fields 6.Flume 1 is parallel with agricultural drain canal 3 Or substantially parallel state, field drainage canal 2 is with flume 1 at parallel or substantially parallel state.Flume 1 and agricultural drain canal The distance between 3 may be configured as 100m, and the width of field drainage canal 2 may be configured as 8m.
The inside of agricultural drain canal 3 is provided with machine-walking area 5, and agricultural machinery, can by walking in machine-walking area 5 It enters in each embanked field 13, to carry out corresponding operation.Be provided in machine-walking area 5 by each field drainage canal 2 with The hidden pipe 8 that agricultural drain canal 3 is connected.The two sides of shown field drainage canal 2 are provided with the furrow ridge 13, using the blocking on the furrow ridge 13, The moisture that can avoid in embanked field 6 is directly entered in field drainage canal 2, and rainfall or the excessive moisture for irrigating generation can only pass through side It infilters in field drainage canal 2.
The two sides of agricultural drain canal 3 are provided with the canal ridge 14, and along water (flow) direction, the end of agricultural drain canal 3 is provided with agriculture Field draining depth processing unit 4.The bottom interval of field drainage canal 2 is provided with permeable dike 10, the bottom of agricultural drain canal 3 also between Every being provided with permeable dike 10, the permeable dike 10 in field drainage canal 2 and agricultural drain canal 3 is made of agricultural crop straw 29.Agriculture During field water-break is flowed in field drainage canal 2 and agricultural drain canal 3, by the interception of permeable dike 10, stops, reduce The flow velocity of farmland water-break, avoids soil erosion at the precipitating for realizing particulate matter, is conducive to suction of the crops to nitrogen P elements It receives.
As shown in fig. 7, give the structural schematic diagram of permeable dike in the present invention, shown in permeable dike by agricultural crop straw 29 It accumulates, mesh sheet 30 is covered on the upper surface and side of the formation permeable dike of agricultural crop straw 29, to avoid agricultural crop straw 29 with water flowing or are blown to four winds.Agricultural crop straw 29 not only has certain water penetration, but also aqueous agricultural crop straw Environment is more advantageous to the growth of microorganism, growth, and microbial consumption nitrogen P elements simultaneously carry out degradation treatment to stalk, realize pair " stack retting " of agricultural crop straw 29 is handled.Stalk stack retting after a certain period of time, is sprinkled into farmland as stalk fertilizer, is realized The quick returning to the field of agricultural crop straw 29, and the effect of also add straw-returning.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the top view and section view of draining depth processing unit in farmland in the present invention is set forth Figure, shown in agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus 4 by along water (flow) direction successively spaced first processing pond 16, second processing Pond 17, third processing pond 18 and fourth process pond 19 form, and coarse crushing stone 25, second processing pond 17 are filled in the first processing pond 16 In be filled with fine stone 26, haydite 27 is filled in third processing pond 18, is filled with fine sand 28 in fourth process pond 19, to realize To the further purified treatment of farmland water-break.Agricultural drain canal 3 is communicated by the water inlet 20 on top with the first processing pond 16, the One processing pond 16 is communicated with second processing pond 17 by the first communication port 22 of bottom end, and second processing pond 17 passes through the second of top Communication port 23 is communicated with third processing pond 18, and third processing pond 18 passes through the third connecting mouth 24 and 19 phase of fourth process pond of bottom It is logical, it is offered on fourth process pond 19 and farmland water-break is discharged into the water outlet 21 in river.
In this way, water flow is flowed in four processing ponds with the path " S ", be conducive to water flow and coarse crushing stone 25, fine stone 26, pottery Grain 27 and fine sand 28 sufficiently connect.And the height of water inlet 20, the second communication port 23 and water outlet 21 successively reduces, and ensure that water Stream relies on gravity, flows into fourth process pond 19 from the first processing pond 16.Coarse crushing stone 25, fine stone 26, haydite 27 and fine sand 28 are not It can only realize the retention to solid particle in water flow, also the nitrogen phosphorus in water body is consumed by microorganism, realize that farmland is moved back The further purification of water, reduces the eutrophication of farmland water-break.
Shown coarse crushing stone 25, fine stone 26, haydite 27 and fine sand 28 upper surface on can also planting plants, to realize to agriculture The consumption of nitrogen P elements in the water-break of field, and coarse crushing stone 25, fine stone 26, haydite 27 and fine sand 28 are fixed.
As shown in figure 3, give the structural schematic diagram of field drainage canal in the present invention, shown in field drainage canal 2 be etc. Waist trapezoidal shape, the bottom width of field drainage canal 2 are 0.3m, upper width 0.4m, are highly 0.4m, field drainage canal 2 The height on the furrow ridge 13 of two sides is 0.2m, and the height of permeable dike 10 is 0.15m in field drainage canal 2, adjacent permeable dike 10 away from From may be configured as 15m.
As shown in figure 4, the structural schematic diagram of farmland drainage ditch in the present invention is given, on the canal ridge 14 of agricultural drain canal 3 Discharge outlet 9 is offered with each 6 corresponding position of embanked field, the width of discharge outlet 9 may be designed as 0.4m, be arranged at discharge outlet 9 The canal ridge 14 be 0.15m, to facilitate the draining of big extra torrential rain not in time, drain flooded fields farmland, control farmland water level.
Shown agricultural drain canal 3 is isosceles-trapezium-shaped, and the bottom width of agricultural drain canal 3 is 0.8m, upper width is It 2.2m, is highly 1.2m, the height on the 3 two sides canal ridge 14 of agricultural drain canal is 0.4m.Shown field drainage canal 2 and agricultural drain canal Kind is implanted with vegetation in 3, to avoid soil erosion and increases the processing to farmland water-break.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of intensive farmland drainage system, flume (1) and agricultural drain canal including being respectively arranged at farmland both ends (3), multiple field drainage canals (2) are arranged at intervals in farmland, farmland is divided into multiple embanked fields (6) by field drainage canal;Diversion Corresponding position offers irrigating gate (7) in the middle part of canal and each embanked field;It is characterized by: being provided on the inside of agricultural drain canal convenient for agriculture The machine-walking area (5) of industry machinery disengaging is provided in machine-walking area for being connected to field drainage canal and agricultural drain canal Hidden pipe (8);The two sides of the field drainage canal (2), which are provided with, prevents water in farmland from flowing directly into the furrow ridge of field drainage canal (13), the bottom interval of field drainage canal is provided with permeable dike (10);The two sides of agricultural drain canal are provided with the canal ridge (14), farmland The bottom interval of drainage ditch is provided with permeable dike (10), and the end of agricultural drain canal is provided with agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus (4);Agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus is made of 4 processing ponds, farmland water-break during discharge in 4 processing ponds according to It is secondary to be filtered through coarse crushing stone, fine stone, haydite and fine sand, the consumption of nitrogen phosphorus substance in water is realized using microorganism;
Permeable dike in field drainage canal (2) and agricultural drain canal (3) is made of agricultural crop straw (29), and the height of permeable dike is low In the depth of corresponding drainage ditch;Mesh sheet (30), mesh sheet are provided on the upper surface and end face of the permeable dike of agricultural crop straw composition Four angles on be provided with the short wooden stake (31) that agricultural crop straw is fixed on to drainage ditch bottom using mesh sheet.
2. intensive farmland drainage system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the agricultural drain advanced treating dress Set (4) by be successively disposed adjacent along water (flow) direction the first processing pond (16), second processing pond (17), third processing pond (18) and Fourth process pond (19) composition, agricultural drain canal (3) are communicated by the water inlet (20) on top with the first processing pond, the first processing Pond and second processing pond are communicated by the first communication port (22) of bottom, second processing pond and third processing pond pass through top the Two communication ports (23) communicate, and third processing pond is communicated with fourth process pond by the third connecting mouth (24) of bottom;Fourth process Water outlet (21) are provided on pond;
Coarse crushing stone (25), thin is separately filled in first processing pond, second processing pond, third processing pond and fourth process pond Rubble (26), haydite (27) and fine sand (28), agricultural drain are flowed in processing pond and successively through coarse crushing stone, fine stone, haydites With the filtering and absorption of fine sand, the content of nitrogen and phosphorous in agricultural drain further reduced.
3. intensive farmland drainage system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the water inlet (20), second connect Port (23), water outlet (21) height successively reduce, so that agricultural drain is in the first processing pond (16), second processing pond (17), third processing pond (18) and fourth process pond (19) are successively flowed;The height of the agricultural drain advanced treatment apparatus (4) It is equal with the height of agricultural drain canal (3), so as to meet storm drain amount it is larger when cover processing pond discharge.
4. intensive farmland drainage system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the agricultural drain advanced treating dress Setting the height of processing pond, length and width in (4) is respectively 1.3m, 1.4m and 1.0m;The coarse crushing stone (25), fine stone (26), kind is implanted with vegetation (15) on the upper surface of haydite (27) and fine sand (28), the field drainage canal (2) and agricultural drain canal (3) kind is implanted with vegetation on inner surface.
5. intensive farmland drainage system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the flume (1) and farmland are arranged The distance between water channel (3) is 100m, and the width of embanked field (6) is 8m;In field drainage canal (2) between adjacent permeable dike (10) Distance is 15m, and the distance between adjacent permeable dike (10) is 20m in agricultural drain canal.
6. intensive farmland drainage system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the field drainage canal (2) is cut Face is the isosceles trapezoid that depth is 0.4m, and the bottom width of field drainage canal is 0.3m, upper width 0.4m, field drainage canal The height on the furrow ridge (13) of two sides is 0.2m, and the height of permeable dike (10) is 0.15m in field drainage canal;Agricultural drain canal (3) Section be isosceles trapezoid that depth is 1.2m, the bottom width of agricultural drain canal is 0.8m, upper width 2.2m, farmland row The canal ridge height of water channel two sides is 0.4m, and the height of permeable dike (10) is 0.2m in agricultural drain canal.
CN201611228484.0A 2016-12-27 2016-12-27 A kind of intensive farmland drainage system Expired - Fee Related CN106702982B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109348768A (en) * 2018-10-15 2019-02-19 李华 Weeds straw-returning fertilizing soil method
CN110965535A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-07 仁创生态环保科技股份有限公司 Farmland irrigation and drainage system
CN113582448A (en) * 2021-07-29 2021-11-02 长三角(义乌)生态环境研究中心 Processing system for reducing farmland non-point source pollution

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CN106192938A (en) * 2016-07-12 2016-12-07 山东省分析测试中心 A kind of ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention and construction method
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN103803760A (en) * 2014-01-26 2014-05-21 河海大学 Wet land purification system with serially-connected rice field drainage ditches in irrigated area
CN104628143A (en) * 2015-02-06 2015-05-20 河海大学 Wetland decontamination method for drainage systems in ecological irrigation areas
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