CN106192938A - A kind of ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention and construction method - Google Patents
A kind of ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106192938A CN106192938A CN201610546685.9A CN201610546685A CN106192938A CN 106192938 A CN106192938 A CN 106192938A CN 201610546685 A CN201610546685 A CN 201610546685A CN 106192938 A CN106192938 A CN 106192938A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention of the present invention, including the sublateral canal being sequentially communicated, branch canal, storehouse/pool and trunk canal, is built by following steps: 1). the structure of sublateral canal: 1 1). finishing sublateral canal；1 2). planting plants；1 3). multistage stone rank are set；2). the structure of branch canal: 2 1). finishing branch canal；2 2). branch canal side slope is set；2 3). build soil property and intercept dam；2 4). planting plants and layout artificial aquatic weed；2 5). gabion is set；3). the structure on storehouse/pool；4). the structure in trunk canal.This construction method is to carry out repairing and ecological reconstruction on the basis of original irrigation canals and ditches, advantageously in agricultural surface runoff and the discharge of farmland irrigating water, whole transformation process does not change the general layout of agricultural production, irrigation canals and ditches can be improved to the detergent power of polluter in agricultural drain simultaneously, the most additionally occupy cultivated land resource, construction method, technique and regular maintenance are simple, it is easy to accomplish and promote.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural non-point pollution and control technical field, be more particularly to a kind of life hindering the water-break pollution of control farmland
State sewerage construction method, it is adaptable to farmland water-break with serious pollution Traditional Agricultural irrigated area, especially irrigation canals and ditches Plain agriculture in length and breadth
Industry district.
Background technology
At present, the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area especially agricultural production and life activity cause, have become as
The most important source of water environment pollution.Widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area refers in Agricultural Activities, nitrogen and phosphorus element etc. nutrient, pesticide
And other organic or inorganic polluters, by rainwash and the farmland seepage in farmland, the pollution of the water environment of formation, master
Pollution by chemical fertilizer to be included, pollution by pesticides and centralization-breeding factory pollute.At present, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area has become and has the most generally deposited
A serious environmental problems.The result of study of many countries and regions all confirms in the world, and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is to cause
The main cause of body eutrophication.In China along with rural activity and the increase of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is to water
The ratio of environment is also constantly increasing.Nitrogen fertilizer production maximum in the world and consumption is had become as in China in 2008
State, total chemical fertilizer consumption amount reaches 52,000,000 tons, accounts for the 1/3 of world's total flow, and the average amount of application in farmland is about 230 kg N
hm-2, reach 400 kg N hm at the average amount of application in some provinces-2, the amount of application of some vegetable field is even more than 1000 kg N
hm-2.Excess uses chemical fertilizer can aggravate the eutrophication of surface water body.According to investigation in the eutrophication of Dian Chi, agricultural area source is dirty
Dye contribute to the nitrogen of 44.5% and the phosphorus of 26.7% respectively.In Taihu Lake, the total nitrogen of 40% ~ 90% and the total phosphorus of 38% ~ 90% come from agriculture
Field.
Both at home and abroad during administering pollution of area source, gradually recognize that ecological process is effectively arranging of controlling area-source pollution
Executing, current Technical comparing is ripe and applies more ecological process to have: artificial swamp, front damming, vegetation buffer strip, land and water interlock
Band etc..Although these technology can effective preventing and controlling agricultural area source pollution, but owing to needing bigger floor space, it is difficult to greatly
Scope popularization and application, are not especially suitable for the national conditions that China has a large population and a few land.Farm field irrigation drainage Box Drain is farmland ecosystem weight
Want ingredient, the effect that it primarily serves irrigation in agricultural production, water-retention is even controlled flood.In the last few years, both domestic and external
Person generally believes that farm field irrigation drainage Box Drain is to have river or the ecological engineering system of wet land system feature, has aquatic ecosystem
The ecological functions of system, gradually as a kind of important means controlling widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.And ecological canal is a kind of novel
Ecological engineering learns a skill, and is mainly made up of engineering measure and botanical system two parts.Draining is entered mainly for current agricultural irrigation canals and ditches
Function singleness, trench architectures destroy the phenomenons such as notable and hardening trend acceleration, and ecological canal is followed ecological principle, protected
Card Tu Shui, rustic exchange and ecologic structure are not destroyed under premise, are suitably strengthened bank protection and river bottom protection intensity by engineering measure, build
Stablize ecosystem, acted on by plant absorption and adsorption by soil etc., play the function purifying water and intercepting pollutant.Cause
This, ecological canal has that ecological functions are complete, pollutant rejection high, view is pleasing, the efficient feature of bank protection.Ecological canal
Invention and build the contradiction that can solve between people ground well, but due to the area differentiation of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and regional economy
The difference of level of development, there is presently no the ecological canal being generally applicable to different agricultural tillage districts.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for the shortcoming overcoming above-mentioned technical problem, it is provided that a kind of ecology for farmland water-break pollution prevention
Sewerage and construction method.
The ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention of the present invention, including sublateral canal, branch canal, storehouse/pool and trunk canal,
Sublateral canal, branch canal are spaced apart in farmland, and sublateral canal communicates with branch canal, in order to the farmland water-break entering sublateral canal entered in branch canal；
Branch canal communicates with storehouse/pool, in order to the farmland water-break in branch canal entered to storehouse/pool；Storehouse/pool communicates with trunk canal, in order to storehouse/pool
In water through trunk canal discharge；It is characterized in that: planting at the bottom of the canal of sublateral canal, in side slope and be implanted with native plants, sublateral canal enters entering of branch canal
Multistage stone rank it are provided with, to realize silt, float in the water-break of farmland are retained at Kou；Branch canal is arranged at intervals with waterproof
Soil property intercept dam, be provided with permeable dike between adjacent interception dam, be equipped with at the bottom of the canal of branch canal haydite, sandstone and gravel composition
Particulate substrates adsorbing material, to realize the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen in water-break, the side slope of branch canal is on base builds one layer of perforaled tile
Or gabion plant shore protection plant, artificial aquatic weed is set；Kind at the bottom of the canal of branch canal is implanted with submerged plant, floating plant and very water and plants
Thing, to realize the purified treatment to farmland water-break；
Branch canal enters the porch on storehouse/pool and is provided with gabion, to realize the interception to solid waste；In storehouse/pool plant be implanted with heavy
Water plant, floating plant and emergent aquactic plant, and some Artificial Fish grooves are set at periphery, it is provided that biological habitat, in order to recover water
Ecosystem；The porch in storehouse/entrance trunk canal, the pool is provided with gabion dykes and dams, plants and be implanted with emergent aquactic plant, in the side slope of trunk canal in trunk canal
It is arranged at intervals with shore protection timber and kind is implanted with shore protection plant.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention of the present invention, it is characterised in that pass through
Following steps realize:
1). the structure of sublateral canal: 1-1). finishing sublateral canal, carry out repairing and ecological reconstruction on the basis of original sublateral canal, according to be prone to by
The layout principles that water in farmland is discharged, excavate width be 30～60cm, the degree of depth be 50～120cm, side slope ratio is for 1:1.0～1:
1.5, cross section is trapezoidal sublateral canal, and by the bluff of at the bottom of the canal of sublateral canal and both sides；1-2). planting plants, at sublateral canal
Plant Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici, Herba Portulacae and Herba penniseti eciophyte at the bottom of canal, in side slope, with firm sublateral canal structure, prevent erosion and nitrogen
The pollution of phosphorus；1-3). arranging multistage stone rank, the porch entering branch canal at sublateral canal arranges the multistage stone rank being laid to by gravel,
For stopping and precipitating silt, the float carried in agricultural drain；
2). the structure of branch canal: 2-1). finishing branch canal, according to width be 120～240cm, the degree of depth be 100～200cm, side slope ratio
For the size of 1:2.0～1:2.5, repairing original branch canal and ecological reconstruction, constructing cross section is trapezoidal branch canal, with
Time by the bottom of the canal of branch canal and bluff；2-2). branch canal side slope is set, in the branch canal side slope of leveling, first applies soil improvement
Agent, is used for improving side slope soil structure；Then build bottom branch canal side slope and build one layer of perforaled tile or gabion, finally at perforaled tile or
Slope-protecting plant is planted in the hole of gabion；Slope-protecting plant is according to waterflooding side slope plantation emergent aquactic plant, upper slope plantation well developed root system
The principle of native plants；2-3). building soil property and intercept dam, in branch canal, every 200m builds 2～3 fluid-tight soil properties interceptions
Dam, in order to farmland water-break is trapped in branch canal；Then intercept adjacent two and build multiple permeable dike between dam, and at branch canal
Haydite, sandstone and the granular matrix adsorbing material of gravel composition is laid, to realize nitrogen and phosphorus thing in the water-break of farmland at the bottom of canal
The absorption of matter；2-4). planting plants and layout artificial aquatic weed, in branch canal, plant emergent aquactic plant, floating plant and submerged plant,
To realize the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus element in the water-break of farmland；And in the side slope of branch canal, hang artificial aquatic weed, utilize artificial water
The biomembrane that grass surface is formed is degraded, decomposes, is absorbed and move back pollutant in water；2-5). gabion is set, enters storehouse/pool at branch canal
Porch arrange gabion along water (flow) direction, to realize individual in the water-break of farmland bigger rubbish, floating thing and agriculture waste
The interception of thing；Interceptor is periodically cleared up by management personnel；On gabion, hang artificial aquatic weed, to strengthen the water of irrigation canals and ditches simultaneously
Matter purification function；
3). the structure on storehouse/pool: 3-1). excavate storehouse/pool, according to local precipitation and saturation moisture capacity design library/pool capacity, press
The principle being not less than storehouse/pool total depth 2/3 according to water level in storehouse/pool excavates storehouse/pool, and storehouse/pool is used for storing and purify farmland water-break,
And recharge farmland when need to pour water in farmland；3-2). gabion dykes and dams are set, in storehouse/exit in entrance trunk canal, the pool arranges gabion
Dykes and dams, the top of gabion dykes and dams is at the 2/3 of the trunk canal degree of depth；3-3). planting plants, in storehouse/pool, plant emergent aquactic plant, float
Water plant and submerged plant, to realize the purified treatment to farmland water-break；3-4). fish groove is set, storehouse/pool is placed some people
Work fish groove, and put Bellamya quadrata, Carassius auratus, Misgurni anguillicaudati benthon in a suitable place to breed, to increase the stability of storehouse/pool wetlands ecosystems, promote storehouse/pool
The degraded of middle pollutant；
4). the structure in trunk canal: 4-1). finishing trunk canal, according to width be 240～500cm, the degree of depth be 200～400cm, side slope ratio
For the size of 1:2.0～1:2.5, repairing original trunk canal and ecological reconstruction, building cross section is trapezoidal trunk canal；4-
2). use timber shore protection also to plant shore protection plant, build one layer of perforaled tile or gabion trunk canal side slope is on base, and in the side slope in trunk canal
Timber is squeezed at upper interval, it is achieved the protection of trunk canal side slope；In the hole of perforaled tile or gabion, plant slope-protecting plant simultaneously；Bank protection is planted
Thing is according to waterflooding side slope plantation emergent aquactic plant, the principle of the native plants of upper slope plantation well developed root system, in the side slope in trunk canal
Upper plantation shore protection plant；4-3). planting plants, in trunk canal, plant emergent aquactic plant, to realize the trunk canal purification to water body.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention of the present invention, branch canal, storehouse/pool and trunk canal
The emergent aquactic plant of middle plantation includes Herba Oenanthes Javanicae, Caulis Zizaniae caduciflorae, phragmites communis and Rhizoma Acori Graminei；In branch canal and storehouse/pool, the floating plant of plantation includes hollow
Dish, submerged plant includes waterweed, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, according to attractive in appearance and natural principle reasonable Arrangement.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention of the present invention, the plant in sublateral canal needs
Harvesting, harvested plant can be used to as animal feed or after drying for producing methane or also field；
Periodically by the aquatic plant harvesting of growth in branch canal, storehouse/pool and trunk canal, it is to avoid it is dirty that biomass rot to produce secondary in ditch
Dye；Trunk canal carries out regular desilting simultaneously, and on the one hand purpose is to remove silt, keeps raceway groove draining unobstructed, the most permissible
Ecological canal preferable nitrogen phosphorus is maintained to dissolve effect.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for agricultural water-break pollution prevention of the present invention, described permeable dike is flat by two
The porous disc that row is arranged and the gravel filling layer composition between porous disc, so that the permeable dike formed has water penetration；
And on permeable dike, plant vegetation.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that and beneficial effect:
(1) this construction method is to carry out ecological reconstruction on the basis of original irrigation canals and ditches, and the most additionally occupy cultivated land resource, structure side
Method, technique and regular maintenance are simple, it is easy to accomplish and promote；
(2) ecological canal after building up would be more advantageous the discharge in agricultural surface runoff and farmland irrigating water, whole transformed
Journey does not change the general layout of agricultural production, simultaneously because add vegetation coverage and the irrigation canals and ditches Biomass of irrigation canals and ditches, improves irrigation canals and ditches
The detergent power that agricultural drain is polluted；
(3) this construction method will not produce secondary pollution, and the bed mud and the plant that produce in its running can serve as fertilizer
Material also field or biogas prepare raw material, are possible not only to reduce Term Fertilization and also can reduce energy resource consumption；
(4) this construction method is beneficial to irrigation canals and ditches ecosystem restoration, reduces in agricultural drain the nutrient substance such as nitrogen phosphorus and enters
River/lake, causes body eutrophication, also helps and builds good view atmosphere.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the ecological canal system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the ecological canal system of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view that in the present invention, sublateral canal enters at branch canal；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of branch canal in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of permeable dike in the present invention.
In figure: 1 sublateral canal, 2 branch canal, 3 storehouses/pool, 4 trunk canals, 5 farmlands, 6 side slopes, at the bottom of 7 canals, 8 multistage stone rank, 9 soil properties intercept
Dam, 10 permeable dikes, 11 gabions, 12 shore protection timbers, 13 gabion dykes and dams, 14 landscape plants, 15 perforaled tiles or gabion, 16 native country are planted
Thing, 17 submerged plants, 18 floating plants, 19 emergent aquactic plants, 20 artificial aquatic weeds, 21 landscape plants, 22 granular matrix adsorption material
Material, 23 fish grooves, 24 silts, 25 porous discs, 26 gravel filling layers, 27 vegetation.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, sets forth schematic diagram and the structure chart of the ecological canal system of the present invention, it is by hair
Canal 1, branch canal 2, storehouse/pool 3 and trunk canal 4 form, and sublateral canal 1 is arranged at intervals in farmland 5, and communicate with branch canal 2, for entering hair
Farmland water-break in canal 1 enters to branch canal 2, plants the eciophytes 16 such as Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici, Herba Portulacae and Herba penniseti in sublateral canal 1,
Sublateral canal 1 enters the porch of branch canal 2 and arranges the multistage stone rank 8 being laid to by gravel, as it is shown on figure 3, give hair in the present invention
Canal enters the sectional view at branch canal, and shown multistage stone rank 8 are three grades of stone rank, and multistage stone rank 8 realize mud during the water-break of farmland
Husky 24 retain.Shown branch canal 2 communicates with storehouse/pool 3, and storehouse/pool 3 communicates with trunk canal 4.
Laying by granular matrix adsorbing material 22 at the bottom of the canal of branch canal 2, adsorbing material is made up of haydite, sandstone and gravel,
For to the absorption of nitrogen phosphorus substance in water.Branch canal 2 is arranged at intervals with fluid-tight soil property and intercepts dam 9, as every 200 meters arrange one
Individual soil property intercepts dam 9, intercepts dam 9 and is used for damming in branch canal 2 the farmland water-break entered by sublateral canal 1, and realizes purification of water quality.
Being provided with permeable dike 10 between adjacent interception dam 9, on base one layer of perforaled tile or the gabion built of the side slope of branch canal 2, waterflooding side slope is planted
Emergent aquactic plant, the landscape plant of upper slope plantation well developed root system, and artificial aquatic weed, branch canal are set in the side slope of branch canal 2
Canal at the bottom of kind be implanted with submerged plant 17, floating plant 18 and emergent aquactic plant 19, move back water purification realizing farmland.
As shown in Figure 4, giving the structure chart of branch canal in the present invention, the porch entering storehouse/pool 3 at branch canal 2 is provided with
Gabion 11, to realize the interception to individual in the water-break of farmland bigger rubbish, floating thing and agricultural wastes, gabion 11 is arranged
Having artificial aquatic weed 20, interceptor is periodically cleared up by management personnel.Storehouse/pool 3 is planted and is implanted with submerged plant 17, floating plant 18
With emergent aquactic plant 19, and place some Artificial Fish grooves, put shallow water in a suitable place to breed biological, such as Bellamya quadrata, Carassius auratus, Misgurni anguillicaudati；Storehouse/pool 3 enters trunk canal 4
Porch be provided with gabion dykes and dams 13, in trunk canal 4 plant be implanted with emergent aquactic plant, in the side slope of trunk canal interval be inserted with shore protection timber 12 also
Plant and be implanted with shore protection plant.
As it is shown in figure 5, give the structural representation of permeable dike in the present invention, permeable dike 10 by two be arranged in parallel permeable
Plate 25 and the gravel filling layer 26 between porous disc 25 form, so that the permeable dike formed has water penetration；Permeable
Vegetation 27 is planted on dam.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention of the present invention, comes real by following steps
Existing:
1). the structure of sublateral canal:
1-1). finishing sublateral canal, carry out repairing and ecological reconstruction on the basis of original sublateral canal, according to being prone to the water discharge in farmland
Layout principles, excavate width be 30～60cm, the degree of depth be 50～120cm, side slope than for 1:1.0～1:1.5, cross section for ladder
The sublateral canal of shape, and by the bluff of at the bottom of the canal of sublateral canal and both sides；
1-2). planting plants, planting Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici, Herba Portulacae and/or Herba penniseti eciophyte at the bottom of the canal of sublateral canal, in side slope, with
Firm sublateral canal structure, prevents erosion and the pollution of nitrogen phosphorus；
1-3). arranging multistage stone rank, the porch entering branch canal at sublateral canal arranges the multistage stone rank being laid to by gravel, is used for hindering
The float such as the silt carried in gear and precipitation agricultural drain；
2). the structure of branch canal:
2-1). finishing branch canal, according to width be 120～240cm, the degree of depth be 100～200cm, side slope ratio is for 1:2.0～1:2.5
Size, original branch canal is repaired and ecological reconstruction, constructing cross section is trapezoidal branch canal, simultaneously by the bottom of the canal of branch canal
And bluff；
2-2). branch canal side slope is set, in the branch canal side slope of leveling, first applies soil conditioner, be used for improving side slope soil knot
Structure；Then build bottom branch canal side slope and build one layer of perforaled tile or gabion, in the hole of perforaled tile or gabion, finally plant bank protection plant
Thing；Slope-protecting plant is according to waterflooding side slope plantation emergent aquactic plant, the principle of the native plants of upper slope plantation well developed root system；
2-3). building soil property and intercept dam, in branch canal, every 200m builds 2～3 fluid-tight soil properties and intercepts dam, in order to by farmland
Water-break is trapped in branch canal；Then intercept adjacent two and build multiple permeable dike between dams, and lay at the bottom of the canal of branch canal haydite,
Sandstone and the granular matrix adsorbing material of gravel composition, to realize the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water-break of farmland；
2-4). planting plants and layout artificial aquatic weed, in branch canal, plant emergent aquactic plant, floating plant and submerged plant, with reality
Now to the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus element in the water-break of farmland；And in the side slope of branch canal, hang artificial aquatic weed, utilize artificial aquatic weed table
The biomembrane that face is formed is degraded, decomposes, is absorbed and move back pollutant in water；
2-5). arranging gabion, gabion is arranged along water (flow) direction in the porch entering pool at branch canal, to realize in the water-break of farmland
The interception of individual bigger rubbish, floating thing and agricultural wastes；Interceptor is periodically cleared up by management personnel；Simultaneously at stone
Artificial aquatic weed is hung, to strengthen the water quality purification function of irrigation canals and ditches on cage；
3). the structure on storehouse/pool:
3-1). excavate storehouse/pool, according to local precipitation and saturation moisture capacity design library/pool capacity, according to water level in storehouse/pool not
Excavating storehouse/pool less than the principle of storehouse/pool total depth 2/3, storehouse/pool is used for storing and purifying farmland water-break, and needs in farmland to fill
Farmland is recharged during water；
3-2). gabion dykes and dams are set, in storehouse/exit in entrance trunk canal, the pool arranges gabion dykes and dams, the top of gabion dykes and dams is in
At the 2/3 of the trunk canal degree of depth；
3-3). planting plants, in pool, plant emergent aquactic plant, floating plant and submerged plant, to realize farmland water-break
Purified treatment；
3-4). fish groove is set, storehouse/pool is placed some Artificial Fish grooves, and puts Bellamya quadrata, Carassius auratus, Misgurni anguillicaudati benthon in a suitable place to breed, to increase
Add the stability of storehouse/pool wetlands ecosystems, promote the degraded of pollutant in storehouse/pool；
4). the structure in trunk canal:
4-1). finishing trunk canal, according to width be 240～500cm, the degree of depth be 200～400cm, side slope ratio is for 1:2.0～1:2.5
Size, original trunk canal is repaired and ecological reconstruction, build cross section be trapezoidal trunk canal；
4-2). use timber shore protection also to plant shore protection plant, build one layer of perforaled tile or gabion trunk canal side slope is on base, and in trunk canal
Side slope on interval squeeze into timber, it is achieved the protection of trunk canal side slope；In the hole of perforaled tile or gabion, plant slope-protecting plant simultaneously；
Slope-protecting plant is according to waterflooding side slope plantation emergent aquactic plant, the principle of the native plants of upper slope plantation well developed root system, in trunk canal
Side slope on plant shore protection plant；
4-3). planting plants, in trunk canal, plant emergent aquactic plant, to realize the trunk canal purification to water body.
Wherein, in branch canal, storehouse/pool and trunk canal, the emergent aquactic plant of plantation includes phragmites communis, Herba Oenanthes Javanicae, Caulis Zizaniae caduciflorae and Rhizoma Acori Graminei etc.；Branch canal
Include that water spinach etc., submerged plant include waterweed, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis etc., according to attractive in appearance and natural with the floating plant of plantation in storehouse/pool
Principle reasonable Arrangement.
Plant in sublateral canal needs harvesting, harvested plant can be used to as animal feed or after drying for making
Biogas or also field；
Periodically by the aquatic plant harvesting of growth in branch canal, storehouse/pool and trunk canal, it is to avoid it is dirty that biomass rot to produce secondary in ditch
Dye；Trunk canal carries out regular desilting simultaneously, and on the one hand purpose is to remove silt, keeps raceway groove draining unobstructed, the most permissible
Ecological canal preferable nitrogen phosphorus is maintained to dissolve effect.
The removal principle for the water pollutant of the ecological canal system of agricultural water-break pollution prevention of the present invention is:
Rubbish, floating thing and the agricultural wastes etc. that some individualities are bigger intercept through gabion, artificially can be removed by management personnel；Sewage
In contained most of silt and suspended particulate matter etc. retain removal via multistage stone rank 8；It is embedded on branch canal 2 two side
Artificial aquatic weed, artificial aquatic weed on gabion there is in limited volume the specific surface area of maximum, in the effect of slow-flowing stream
Under, can be with pollutant in adsorbed water body, Sync enrichment microorganism forms stable biomembrane, degradable, decomposes, absorbs one
A little polluters, reduce the concentration of pollutant.In branch canal 2, storehouse/pool 3 and trunk canal 4, the water plant of plantation is in its growth reproduction
During absorption can utilize the bioactive elemements in water body in a large number, reduce water body N, the content of Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, pesticide herbicide also had one
Fixed resistance control effect, reduces these materials content in water body, reduces the total load amount of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.
Claims (7)
1. for the ecological canal system of farmland water-break pollution prevention, including sublateral canal (1), branch canal (2), storehouse/pool (3) with do
Canal (4), sublateral canal, branch canal are spaced apart in farmland, and sublateral canal communicates with branch canal, in order to the farmland water-break entering sublateral canal entered and prop up
In canal；Branch canal communicates with storehouse/pool, in order to the farmland water-break in branch canal entered to storehouse/pool；Storehouse/pool communicates with trunk canal, in order to
Water in storehouse/pool is discharged through trunk canal；It is characterized in that: planting at the bottom of the canal of sublateral canal, in side slope and be implanted with native plants (16), sublateral canal enters
The porch of branch canal is provided with multistage stone rank (8), to realize retaining silt and float in the water-break of farmland；Branch canal is spaced
It is provided with fluid-tight soil property and intercepts dam (9), be provided with permeable dike (10) between adjacent interception dam, at the bottom of the canal of branch canal, be equipped with pottery
Grain, sandstone and the granular matrix adsorbing material of gravel composition, to realize the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen in water-break, branch canal
Side slope is on base builds one layer of perforaled tile or gabion and plants shore protection plant, arranges artificial aquatic weed；Kind at the bottom of the canal of branch canal is implanted with heavy water and plants
Thing, floating plant and emergent aquactic plant, to realize the purified treatment to farmland water-break；
Branch canal enters the porch on storehouse/pool and is provided with gabion, to realize the interception to solid waste；In storehouse/pool plant be implanted with heavy
Water plant, floating plant and emergent aquactic plant, and some Artificial Fish grooves are set at periphery, it is provided that biological habitat, in order to recover water
Ecosystem；The porch in storehouse/entrance trunk canal, the pool is provided with gabion dykes and dams, plants and be implanted with emergent aquactic plant, in the side slope of trunk canal in trunk canal
It is arranged at intervals with shore protection timber and kind is implanted with shore protection plant.
2. a construction method for the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention described in claim 1, its feature
It is, is realized by following steps:
1). the structure of sublateral canal:
1-1). finishing sublateral canal, carry out repairing and ecological reconstruction on the basis of original sublateral canal, according to being prone to the water discharge in farmland
Layout principles, excavate width be 30～60cm, the degree of depth be 50～120cm, side slope than for 1:1.0～1:1.5, cross section for ladder
The sublateral canal of shape, and by the bluff of at the bottom of the canal of sublateral canal and both sides；
1-2). planting plants, planting Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici, Herba Portulacae and/or Herba penniseti eciophyte at the bottom of the canal of sublateral canal, in side slope, with
Firm sublateral canal structure, prevents erosion and the pollution of nitrogen phosphorus；
1-3). arranging multistage stone rank, the porch entering branch canal at sublateral canal arranges the multistage stone rank being laid to by gravel, is used for hindering
Keep off and precipitate silt, the float carried in agricultural drain；
2). the structure of branch canal:
2-1). finishing branch canal, according to width be 120～240cm, the degree of depth be 100～200cm, side slope ratio is for 1:2.0～1:2.5
Size, original branch canal is repaired and ecological reconstruction, constructing cross section is trapezoidal branch canal, simultaneously by the bottom of the canal of branch canal
And bluff；
2-2). branch canal side slope is set, in the branch canal side slope of leveling, first applies soil conditioner, be used for improving side slope soil knot
Structure；Then build bottom branch canal side slope and build one layer of perforaled tile or gabion, in the hole of perforaled tile or gabion, finally plant bank protection plant
Thing；Slope-protecting plant is according to waterflooding side slope plantation emergent aquactic plant, the principle of the native plants of upper slope plantation well developed root system；
2-3). building soil property and intercept dam, in branch canal, every 200m builds 2～3 fluid-tight soil properties and intercepts dam, in order to by farmland
Water-break is trapped in branch canal；Then intercept adjacent two and build multiple permeable dike between dams, and lay at the bottom of the canal of branch canal haydite,
Sandstone and the granular matrix adsorbing material of gravel composition, to realize the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water-break of farmland；
2-4). planting plants and layout artificial aquatic weed, in branch canal, plant emergent aquactic plant, floating plant and submerged plant, with reality
Now to the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus element in the water-break of farmland；And in the side slope of branch canal, hang artificial aquatic weed, utilize artificial aquatic weed table
The biomembrane that face is formed is degraded, decomposes, is absorbed and move back pollutant in water；
2-5). arranging gabion, gabion is arranged along water (flow) direction in the porch entering storehouse/pool at branch canal, to realize farmland water-break
The interception of rubbish, floating thing and agricultural wastes that middle individuality is bigger；Interceptor is periodically cleared up by management personnel；Exist simultaneously
Artificial aquatic weed is hung, to strengthen the water quality purification function of irrigation canals and ditches on gabion；
3). the structure on storehouse/pool:
3-1). excavate storehouse/pool, according to local precipitation and saturation moisture capacity design library/pool capacity, according to water level in storehouse/pool not
Excavating storehouse/pool less than the principle of storehouse/pool total depth 2/3, storehouse/pool is used for storing and purifying farmland water-break, and needs in farmland to fill
Farmland is recharged during water；
3-2). gabion dykes and dams are set, in storehouse/exit in entrance trunk canal, the pool arranges gabion dykes and dams, the top of gabion dykes and dams is in
At the 2/3 of the trunk canal degree of depth；
3-3). planting plants, in storehouse/pool, plant emergent aquactic plant, floating plant and submerged plant, to realize farmland water-break
Purified treatment；
3-4). fish groove is set, storehouse/pool is placed some Artificial Fish grooves, and puts Bellamya quadrata, Carassius auratus, Misgurni anguillicaudati benthon in a suitable place to breed, to increase
Add the stability of storehouse/pool wetlands ecosystems, promote the degraded of pollutant in storehouse/pool；
4). the structure in trunk canal:
4-1). finishing trunk canal, according to width be 240～500cm, the degree of depth be 200～400cm, side slope ratio is for 1:2.0～1:2.5
Size, original trunk canal is repaired and ecological reconstruction, build cross section be trapezoidal trunk canal；
4-2). use timber shore protection also to plant shore protection plant, build one layer of perforaled tile or gabion trunk canal side slope is on base, and in trunk canal
Side slope on interval squeeze into timber, it is achieved the protection of trunk canal side slope；In the hole of perforaled tile or gabion, plant slope-protecting plant simultaneously；
Slope-protecting plant is according to waterflooding side slope plantation emergent aquactic plant, the principle of the native plants of upper slope plantation well developed root system, in trunk canal
Side slope on plant shore protection plant；
4-3). planting plants, in trunk canal, plant emergent aquactic plant, to realize the trunk canal purification to water body.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention the most according to claim 2, its feature
It is: in branch canal, storehouse/pool and trunk canal, the emergent aquactic plant of plantation includes phragmites communis, Herba Oenanthes Javanicae, Caulis Zizaniae caduciflorae and Rhizoma Acori Graminei；Branch canal and storehouse/pool are planted
The floating plant planted includes that water spinach, submerged plant include waterweed, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, according to attractive in appearance and natural principle reasonable Arrangement.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention the most according to claim 2, its feature
Be: the plant in sublateral canal needs harvesting, harvested plant can be used to as animal feed or after drying for natural pond processed
Gas or also field；
Periodically by the aquatic plant harvesting of growth in branch canal, storehouse/pool and trunk canal, it is to avoid it is dirty that biomass rot to produce secondary in ditch
Dye；Trunk canal carries out regular desilting simultaneously, and on the one hand purpose is to remove silt, keeps raceway groove draining unobstructed, the most permissible
Ecological canal preferable nitrogen phosphorus is maintained to dissolve effect.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention the most according to claim 2, its feature
It is: the porous disc (27) that described permeable dike (10) is be arranged in parallel by two and gravel filling layer (28) group between porous disc
Become, so that the permeable dike formed has water penetration；On permeable dike, plant vegetation (29) simultaneously.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention the most according to claim 2, its feature
It is: this system, while the water-break of prevention and control farmland is polluted, can also be dwelt for Fish and the end by arranging some Artificial Fish grooves
Thing provides biological habitat, recovers the aquatic ecosystem of farmland ditch.
The construction method of the ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention the most according to claim 2, its feature
It is: this construction method is to carry out repairing and ecological reconstruction, advantageously in agricultural surface runoff on the basis of original irrigation canals and ditches
With the discharge of farmland irrigating water, whole transformation process does not change the general layout of agricultural production, can improve irrigation canals and ditches simultaneously and arrange farmland
The detergent power of pollutant in water, the most additionally occupy cultivated land resource, and construction method, technique and regular maintenance are simple, it is easy to real
Show and promote.
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