CN108046541A - A kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system - Google Patents

A kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system Download PDF

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CN108046541A
CN108046541A CN201810063052.1A CN201810063052A CN108046541A CN 108046541 A CN108046541 A CN 108046541A CN 201810063052 A CN201810063052 A CN 201810063052A CN 108046541 A CN108046541 A CN 108046541A
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domestic sewage
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李琛
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Shaanxi University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007Processes including a sedimentation step

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Abstract

本发明涉及环保技术领域,尤其是一种丘陵地带农村生活污水处理系统,包括集水系统、沉砂池、污泥泵、水泵、导流渠、处理单元。生活污水经集水系统收集后,在沉砂池中混合、沉淀,后经水泵、导流渠进入处理单元进行处理,实现达标排放。处理单元中设置的沉水坑、跌水堰和膨润土防渗层可有效避免填料层的堵塞、臭味的产生及污水下渗。与现有技术相比,本发明以丘陵地带农村现有沟渠为基础,构建微生物‑植物联合修复体系,不仅解决了丘陵地带农村生活污水的达标排放,具有投资少、效果好、易于维护管理、可美化乡村环境的优点,同时可以有效降低废水处理过程中产生的臭味、减少人工湿地的堵塞、降低地下水和土壤污染的风险的技术优势。

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a rural domestic sewage treatment system in a hilly area, which includes a water collection system, a grit chamber, a sludge pump, a water pump, a diversion channel, and a treatment unit. After the domestic sewage is collected by the water collection system, it is mixed and settled in the grit chamber, and then enters the treatment unit through the water pump and diversion channel for treatment, so as to achieve standard discharge. The sinkhole, drop weir and bentonite anti-seepage layer set in the treatment unit can effectively avoid the blockage of the packing layer, the generation of odor and the infiltration of sewage. Compared with the prior art, the present invention is based on the existing rural ditches in the hilly areas, and builds a microbial-plant joint restoration system, which not only solves the standard discharge of rural domestic sewage in the hilly areas, but also has the advantages of less investment, good effect, easy maintenance and management, It can beautify the rural environment, and at the same time, it can effectively reduce the odor generated in the process of wastewater treatment, reduce the blockage of constructed wetlands, and reduce the risk of groundwater and soil pollution.

Description

一种丘陵地带农村生活污水处理系统A rural domestic sewage treatment system in a hilly area

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及环保技术领域,尤其涉及一种丘陵地带农村生活污水处理系统。The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a rural domestic sewage treatment system in a hilly area.

背景技术Background technique

我国13.3亿人口中有9.3亿分布在村镇,其中村庄人口约为7.63亿,占全国总人口的57.4%,生活污水年排放量约为90亿吨,同时,农村生活污水处理技术的发展严重滞后,污水处理率严重不足(不足10%),使农村水污染物排放量持续维持高位(占全国水污染物排放量的50%以上),使农村生态环境面临巨大压力,对实现“水十条”的治理目标存在严重的制约作用,因此,农村生活污水的处理迫在眉睫。与城镇居民生活污水不同,农村生活污水排放更为分散,水质波动大,污水排放时段相对集中(农村污水排放量早晚比白天大,夜间易出现断流),由于农村生活污水主要为粪便污水、洗澡水、洗衣水和厨房污水,且地面硬化率低、伴随有地表径流冲刷而带来的泥沙,因此农村生活污水成分主要为COD、BOD、SS、N、P,因此农村生活污水成分较单一,水中基本上不含重金属和有毒有害物质。而丘陵地带农村生活污水除了具备农村生活污水的特征外,其分散程度更高,收集更为困难。Of my country's 1.33 billion population, 930 million live in villages and towns, of which the village population is about 763 million, accounting for 57.4% of the country's total population. The annual discharge of domestic sewage is about 9 billion tons. At the same time, the development of rural domestic sewage treatment technology is seriously lagging behind , the sewage treatment rate is seriously insufficient (less than 10%), so that the discharge of rural water pollutants continues to maintain a high level (accounting for more than 50% of the national water pollutant discharge), which puts great pressure on the rural ecological environment and is critical to the realization of the "Water Ten Measures" There are serious constraints on the treatment goals of the rural domestic sewage. Therefore, the treatment of rural domestic sewage is imminent. Different from the domestic sewage of urban residents, the discharge of rural domestic sewage is more scattered, the water quality fluctuates greatly, and the sewage discharge period is relatively concentrated (the discharge of rural sewage is larger in the morning and evening than in the daytime, and the flow is prone to interruption at night). Bath water, laundry water and kitchen sewage, and the ground hardening rate is low, accompanied by sediment brought by surface runoff, so the main components of rural domestic sewage are COD, BOD, SS, N, P, so the composition of rural domestic sewage is relatively high. Single, the water basically does not contain heavy metals and toxic and harmful substances. In addition to the characteristics of rural domestic sewage in hilly areas, rural domestic sewage has a higher degree of dispersion and is more difficult to collect.

目前农村生活污水的处理工艺主要有:1)传统活性污泥法、氧化沟法、A/O法、A2/O法、SBR法、生物滤池法,这些工艺不仅需要较高的水处理设施建设成本,还需要投入更大的资金进行生活污水的收集,同时,由于农村生活污水的水质水量特点,也加大了这些工艺的运行维护成本,降低了系统的运行稳定性。2)简单生态处理法,典型的生态技术有人工湿地、氧化塘工艺、土壤渗透法,这些工艺在一定程度上降低了污水收集成本和基建成本,但是其处理效率低,处理效果差,并且,在氧化塘工艺和土壤渗透法中,污水流动性差,特别容易产生臭味,污染空气、土壤和地下水,在生态环境形式严峻的今天,不适宜推广应用。与此同时,我们应看到,目前农村普遍具备用于污水收集的沟渠(多为盖板入地式沟渠或埋管式污水收集系统)。因此,我国目前急需要一种结合农村实际情况,充分利用农村现有基础设施,基础投资相对较低,处理效果稳定可靠的生活污水处理工艺。At present, the treatment processes of rural domestic sewage mainly include: 1) Traditional activated sludge method, oxidation ditch method, A/O method, A 2 /O method, SBR method, biological filter method, these processes not only require high water treatment The cost of facility construction also requires more investment in the collection of domestic sewage. At the same time, due to the water quality and quantity characteristics of rural domestic sewage, the operation and maintenance costs of these processes are also increased, which reduces the operational stability of the system. 2) Simple ecological treatment methods. Typical ecological technologies include artificial wetland, oxidation pond technology, and soil infiltration method. These technologies reduce the cost of sewage collection and infrastructure construction to a certain extent, but their treatment efficiency is low and the treatment effect is poor. Moreover, In the oxidation pond process and soil infiltration method, the sewage fluidity is poor, and it is easy to produce odor, pollute the air, soil and groundwater, and it is not suitable for popularization and application in today's severe ecological environment. At the same time, we should see that currently rural areas generally have ditches for sewage collection (mostly cover-plate-in-ground ditches or buried-pipe sewage collection systems). Therefore, my country is in urgent need of a domestic sewage treatment process that combines the actual situation in rural areas, makes full use of existing rural infrastructure, has relatively low basic investment, and has stable and reliable treatment effects.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的正是为了克服上述技术特点,结合丘陵地带的地形地貌特征和现有污水收集系统而提出一种丘陵地带农村生活污水处理系统,不仅实现丘陵地带农村生活污水的达标排放,同时具有能耗低、基建费用相对较低、处理效果稳定的优点。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical characteristics, and propose a rural domestic sewage treatment system in the hilly area in combination with the topography and landform characteristics of the hilly area and the existing sewage collection system, which not only realizes the discharge of rural domestic sewage in the hilly area up to the standard, but also has The advantages of low energy consumption, relatively low infrastructure costs, and stable treatment effects.

本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种丘陵地带农村生活污水处理系统,包括集水系统、沉砂池、污泥泵、水泵、导流渠、处理单元,其中:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a rural domestic sewage treatment system in a hilly area, including a water collection system, a grit chamber, a sludge pump, a water pump, a diversion channel, and a treatment unit, wherein:

集水系统充分利用现有沟渠、管道,遍布于农村生活区,充分考虑丘陵地带地形地貌特征,利用重力自流将农村生活污水收集于沉砂池;生活污水在沉砂池中实现泥沙和大颗粒悬浮物的沉淀、水质混合和水量的稳定,混合后的生活污水经水泵加压后经导流渠输送至处理单元。The water collection system makes full use of the existing ditches and pipelines, spreads all over the rural living areas, fully considers the terrain features of hilly areas, and collects rural domestic sewage in the grit chamber by gravity flow; Sedimentation of suspended particles, water quality mixing and water volume stabilization, the mixed domestic sewage is pressurized by the water pump and then transported to the treatment unit through the diversion channel.

沉砂池中沉积的泥沙和较大的有机物由污泥泵抽出,堆肥发酵后可用作农家肥,或直接填埋。The sediment and larger organic matter deposited in the grit chamber are pumped out by the sludge pump, and can be used as farmyard manure after composting and fermentation, or directly landfilled.

导流渠内设有闸板和流量计,闸板用于流量的调节,流量计用于测定沟渠内生活污水的流量、流速。There are rams and flowmeters in the diversion ditch, the rams are used to adjust the flow, and the flowmeters are used to measure the flow and velocity of domestic sewage in the ditch.

处理单元依地势由原有沟渠改建而得,分为边坡区、栽培区、沉水坑和跌水堰,沿水流方向,边坡区对称分布于栽培区、沉水坑和跌水堰的两侧。其中,沿过水断面方向,边坡区由外到内依次为水渠边坡、微生物附着袋、龙骨,龙骨将微生物附着袋固定于水渠边坡上。栽培区由上到下依次为基质层、膨润土防渗层,栽培区、沉水坑、跌水堰依次设置,沿水流方向周期性分布。The treatment unit is rebuilt from the original ditches according to the terrain, and is divided into slope area, cultivation area, sinkhole and drop weir. Along the direction of water flow, the slope area is symmetrically distributed between the cultivation area, sinkhole and drop weir. sides. Among them, along the direction of the water-passing section, the side slope area from the outside to the inside is the canal side slope, the microbial attachment bag, and the keel, and the keel fixes the microbial attachment bag on the canal side slope. From top to bottom, the cultivation area is matrix layer, bentonite anti-seepage layer, cultivation area, sinkhole, and water drop weir are arranged in sequence, and are periodically distributed along the direction of water flow.

所述的微生物附着袋为透水PP无纺布制成的袋子,具有良好的透水性,无毒无害,适于微生物附着生长;微生物附着袋中填充有海泡石、粉煤灰、蛭石、大沙混合物,海泡石、蛭石的直径宜选为为1~2cm,粉煤灰、大沙的直径宜选为为2~5mm,海泡石、粉煤灰、蛭石、大沙的质量比宜为1:2:2:3;微生物附着袋中所填充的填料一方面能够对微生物附着袋起到很好的稳定作用,同时,由于填料拥有较大的比表面积,为微生物的生长提供良好的生长环境,微生物附着袋及其填料可同时为好氧微生物、兼氧微生物和厌氧微生物提供生存场所,使微生物能够协同作用,有效降低生活污水中污染物浓度。The microbial attachment bag is a bag made of permeable PP non-woven fabric, which has good water permeability, is non-toxic and harmless, and is suitable for microbial attachment and growth; the microbial attachment bag is filled with sepiolite, fly ash, vermiculite , large sand mixture, the diameter of sepiolite and vermiculite should be selected as 1~2cm, the diameter of fly ash and large sand should be 2~5mm, and the diameter of sepiolite, fly ash, vermiculite, large sand The mass ratio should be 1:2:2:3; on the one hand, the filler filled in the microbial attachment bag can play a good role in stabilizing the microbial attachment bag; The growth provides a good growth environment, and the microbial attachment bag and its filler can provide living places for aerobic microorganisms, facultative microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms at the same time, so that microorganisms can work together to effectively reduce the concentration of pollutants in domestic sewage.

所述的龙骨由预制的尼龙绷带和钢钎组成,尼龙绷带两端有孔,并用钢钎将尼龙绷带固定于水渠边坡上。所述的水渠边坡坡度不超过60°。The keel is composed of a prefabricated nylon bandage and a steel braze. The two ends of the nylon bandage have holes, and the steel braze is used to fix the nylon bandage on the side slope of the water channel. The slope of the side slope of the canal is no more than 60°.

所述的基质层由上到下依次为壤土层、砾石层、陶粒层、沸石层、粉煤灰层,其中壤土层厚度为10~25cm,砾石层厚度10~20cm,砾石颗粒的直径宜为5~6cm;陶粒层厚度为10~20cm,陶粒的直径宜为3~5cm;沸石层厚度为8~10cm,沸石颗粒的直径宜为1~2cm;粉煤灰层厚度为10~15cm。在基质层,依据项目所在地合理选择5种以上的湿地植物进行混栽,保持四季常绿,可优先在下列湿地植物中选择:千屈菜Lythrum salicaria L.;再力花Thalia dealbata Fraser;花叶芦竹Arundo donax var. versicolor;伞草Cyperus alternifolius Linn. ;香蒲Typha orientalis Presl;黄菖蒲Iris pseudacorus L.;荷花Lotus flower;美人蕉Canna indica L.;芦苇Phragmites communis Trin;水葱Scirpus validus Vahl;凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes.;荇菜Nymphoides peltatum(Gmel.) O.Kuntze;水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms。其中,湿地植物可以有效的吸收生活污水中的氮磷元素,并对有机物有很好的降解效果,基质层不仅为湿地植物提供稳定的生长场所,减少湿地植物的漂移,同时可对生活污水中的污染物起到很好的滞留效果,实现湿地植物对生活污水中有机物和氮磷元素的持续吸收。Described matrix layer is followed by loam layer, gravel layer, ceramsite layer, zeolite layer, fly ash layer from top to bottom, and wherein the thickness of loam layer is 10~25cm, and the thickness of gravel layer is 10~20cm, and the diameter of gravel particle is preferably The thickness of the ceramsite layer is 10~20cm, and the diameter of the ceramsite should be 3~5cm; the thickness of the zeolite layer is 8~10cm, and the diameter of the zeolite particles should be 1~2cm; the thickness of the fly ash layer is 10~ 15cm. In the substrate layer, according to the location of the project, more than 5 kinds of wetland plants are reasonably selected for mixed planting to keep evergreen in all seasons. The following wetland plants can be selected first: Lythrum salicaria L.; T halia dealbata Fraser; T halia dealbata Fraser ; Arundo donax var. versicolor ; Cyperus alternifolius Linn .; Typha orientalis Presl ; Iris pseudocorus L .; Lotus flower ; Canna indica L .; Eichhornia crassipes.; Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O.Kuntze ; water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms . Among them, wetland plants can effectively absorb nitrogen and phosphorus elements in domestic sewage, and have a good degradation effect on organic matter. The substrate layer not only provides a stable growth place for wetland plants, reduces the drift of wetland plants, but also can be used in domestic sewage. The pollutants have a very good retention effect, and the wetland plants can continuously absorb organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus elements in domestic sewage.

所述的膨润土防渗层中的膨润土为自然粉碎后的膨润土颗粒,厚度为10~15cm。由于丘陵地带水流流速较大,膨润土防渗层即可有效阻止生活污水的下渗,减少对土壤和地下水的污染,同时膨润土防渗层具有造价低廉,施工方便,防渗效果较好的特点。The bentonite in the bentonite anti-seepage layer is naturally pulverized bentonite particles with a thickness of 10-15 cm. Due to the high flow velocity in hilly areas, the bentonite anti-seepage layer can effectively prevent the infiltration of domestic sewage and reduce the pollution of soil and groundwater. At the same time, the bentonite anti-seepage layer has the characteristics of low cost, convenient construction and good anti-seepage effect.

所述的沉水坑和跌水堰,中间设置的栽培区长度宜为100~500m,沉水坑深度宜为80~100cm,跌水堰的跌水落差宜为30~80cm,沉水坑和跌水堰均为钢筋混凝土预制构件,沉水坑宜设计为倒梯形,跌水堰宜设计为倒“L”型,为保证跌水堰的稳定性,跌水堰预留有支撑孔,并配套有支柱配件,支柱可根据沟渠情况,由镀锌钢管现场制作。沉水坑可以有效的去除水流冲刷带来的泥沙,进一步降低栽培区基质层的堵塞风险,而跌水堰可以有效补充生活污水中的溶解氧,保证稳定的处理效果,同时可以有效降低生活污水处理过程中因溶解氧不足而产生的臭味。For the sinking pit and the falling water weir, the length of the cultivation area set in the middle should be 100-500m, the depth of the sinking pit should be 80-100cm, and the falling water drop of the sinking weir should be 30-80cm. The drop weirs are all reinforced concrete prefabricated components, the sinkhole should be designed as an inverted trapezoid, and the drop weir should be designed as an inverted "L" shape. In order to ensure the stability of the drop weir, support holes are reserved for the drop weir, and It is equipped with pillar accessories, and the pillars can be made on-site from galvanized steel pipes according to the conditions of the ditch. The sinkhole can effectively remove the sediment brought by water erosion, further reducing the risk of blockage of the substrate layer in the cultivation area, and the drop weir can effectively supplement the dissolved oxygen in the domestic sewage, ensuring a stable treatment effect, and can effectively reduce the life. Odor caused by insufficient dissolved oxygen during sewage treatment.

一种丘陵地带农村生活污水处理系统的处理流程包括如下步骤:A treatment process of a rural domestic sewage treatment system in a hilly area includes the following steps:

1)遍布于农村生活区的集水系统将生活污水收集于沉砂池中;1) The water collection system throughout the rural living areas collects domestic sewage in the grit chamber;

2)生活污水在沉砂池中实现泥沙的沉淀、水质混合和水量的稳定,之后经水泵输送至导流渠;2) Domestic sewage in the grit chamber realizes sedimentation, water quality mixing and water volume stabilization, and then is pumped to the diversion channel;

3)导流渠中的生活污水经闸板调节,流量计计量后进入处理单元;3) The domestic sewage in the diversion channel is regulated by the ram, and enters the treatment unit after being measured by the flow meter;

4)生活污水在处理单元中,在好氧微生物、兼氧微生物、厌氧微生物和水生植物的联合处理下实现达标排放。4) In the treatment unit, the domestic sewage is discharged up to the standard under the joint treatment of aerobic microorganisms, facultative microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms and aquatic plants.

本发明所具有的有益效果是:本发明以丘陵地带农村现有沟渠为基础,构建微生物-植物联合修复体系,不仅解决了丘陵地带农村生活污水的达标排放,具有投资少、效果好、易于维护管理、可美化乡村环境的优点,同时可以有效降低废水处理过程中产生的臭味、减少人工湿地的堵塞、降低地下水和土壤污染的风险的技术优势。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is based on the existing rural ditches in hilly areas, and builds a microbial-plant joint restoration system, which not only solves the standard discharge of rural domestic sewage in hilly areas, but also has the advantages of less investment, good effect, and easy maintenance. The advantages of management and beautification of the rural environment, as well as the technical advantages of effectively reducing the odor generated during wastewater treatment, reducing the blockage of constructed wetlands, and reducing the risk of groundwater and soil pollution.

附图说明Description of drawings

附图1为本发明的处理流程示意图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the processing flowchart schematic diagram of the present invention.

附图2为本发明所述处理单元过水断面示意图。Accompanying drawing 2 is the cross-sectional schematic view of the treatment unit of the present invention.

附图3为本发明所属沉水坑和跌水堰示意图。Accompanying drawing 3 is the schematic diagram of sinkhole and drop weir of the present invention.

附图4为本发明龙骨结构与组装示意图。Accompanying drawing 4 is the schematic diagram of keel structure and assembly of the present invention.

附图5为本发明微生物附着袋固定示意图。Accompanying drawing 5 is the immobilization schematic diagram of the microorganism attachment bag of the present invention.

附图6为本发明基质层布置示意图。Accompanying drawing 6 is the layout schematic diagram of matrix layer of the present invention.

附图7为本发明的沉水坑和跌水堰示意图。Accompanying drawing 7 is the schematic diagram of sinkhole and drop weir of the present invention.

附图8为本发明不同跌水高度对生活污水溶解氧浓度的影响图。Accompanying drawing 8 is the figure of influence of different drop heights on domestic sewage dissolved oxygen concentration in the present invention.

附图9为本发明沉水坑对不同流速水体浊度的影响图。Accompanying drawing 9 is the influence diagram of sinkhole of the present invention to water body turbidity of different velocity.

附图10为本发明微生物附着袋中微生物种群数量随时间的变化图。Accompanying drawing 10 is the change figure of the microbial population quantity in the microbial attachment bag of the present invention with time.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

下面结合附图1~7对本发明做以下详细说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1~7, the present invention is described in detail below.

如图1~7所示,本发明包括:集水系统1、沉砂池2、导流渠3、水泵4、处理单元5、污泥泵21、闸板31、流量计32、边坡区51、栽培区52、龙骨53、沉水坑54、跌水堰55、水渠边坡511、微生物附着袋512、基质层521、膨润土防渗层522、尼龙绷带531、钢钎532、支柱551、壤土层5211、砾石层5212、陶粒层5213、沸石层5214、粉煤灰层5215。As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the present invention includes: a water collection system 1, a grit chamber 2, a diversion channel 3, a water pump 4, a processing unit 5, a sludge pump 21, a gate 31, a flow meter 32, and a slope area 51. Cultivation area 52, keel 53, sinking pit 54, water drop weir 55, canal slope 511, microbial attachment bag 512, matrix layer 521, bentonite anti-seepage layer 522, nylon bandage 531, steel brazing 532, pillar 551, Loam layer 5211 , gravel layer 5212 , ceramsite layer 5213 , zeolite layer 5214 , and fly ash layer 5215 .

其中,污泥泵21设置于沉砂池2中;闸板31和流量计32沿水流方向依次安装于导流渠3中。处理单元5由边坡区51、栽培区52、沉水坑54、跌水堰55构成,其中,边坡区51分布于栽培区52、沉水坑54、跌水堰55的两侧,栽培区52、沉水坑54、跌水堰55依次设置,沿水流方向周期性分布;其中,微生物附着袋512堆砌于水渠边坡511,使用龙骨53固定于水渠边坡511,其中龙骨53由尼龙绷带531和钢钎532组成,水渠边坡511、微生物附着袋512、龙骨53共同构成边坡区51;栽培区52由基质层521和膨润土防渗层522构成,其中,基质层521由上到下依次为壤土层5211、砾石层5212、陶粒层5213、沸石层5214和粉煤灰层5215。Wherein, the sludge pump 21 is arranged in the grit chamber 2; the gate 31 and the flowmeter 32 are installed in the diversion channel 3 in sequence along the water flow direction. The processing unit 5 is composed of a slope area 51, a cultivation area 52, a sinking pit 54, and a water drop weir 55, wherein the slope area 51 is distributed on both sides of the cultivation area 52, the sinking pit 54, and the water drop weir 55. Area 52, sinking pit 54, and water drop weir 55 are arranged in sequence and distributed periodically along the direction of water flow; among them, microbial adhesion bags 512 are stacked on the side slope 511 of the canal, and are fixed on the side slope 511 of the canal using keel 53, wherein the keel 53 is made of nylon Composed of bandage 531 and steel braze 532, water channel slope 511, microbial attachment bag 512, keel 53 together constitute slope area 51; cultivation area 52 is formed by substrate layer 521 and bentonite anti-seepage layer 522, wherein, substrate layer 521 is from top to bottom The bottom layer is a loam layer 5211 , a gravel layer 5212 , a ceramsite layer 5213 , a zeolite layer 5214 and a fly ash layer 5215 .

如图1~7所示,农村生活污水经集水系统1收集后进入沉砂池2,在沉砂池2中,生活污水在沉砂池2中实现泥沙和大颗粒悬浮物的沉淀、水质混合和水量的稳定,泥沙和大颗粒悬浮物的沉淀可有效降低人工湿地的堵塞,增强人工湿地运行稳定性,水质混合和水量稳定有利于保障人工湿地的稳定运行。沉砂池2运行一定的时间后,沉积的泥沙和有机物经污泥泵21排出,进行后续的堆肥或填埋处理。沉砂池2中混合均匀的生活污水则经水泵4加压后进入导流渠3,输送至处理单元5进行微生物-植物联合修复,生活污水进入处理单元5后,一方面,微生物附着袋512及其填料为好氧微生物、兼氧微生物和厌氧微生物提供栖息场所,生活污水中的COD、BOD、氨氮、P为微生物的生长提供营养物质,实现生活污水中的污染物的部分降解,由于微生物附着袋512由龙骨53固定于水渠边坡511上,使微生物附着袋512具有很好的稳定性和耐冲刷能力;另一方面,栽培区52中的水生植物利用根系吸收及根际微生物的分解进一步降低废水中的COD、BOD、氨氮、P的浓度,部分污染物还会被栽培区52中的基质层521吸附固定,在夜间枯水或断流时植物的生长提供营养,实现废水的全天候处理。随着栽培区52的延长,生活污水中的污染物被植物、微生物持续降解、吸收和利用,实现水质的净化,最终达到排放标准或者灌溉用水标准。一方面,由于丘陵地带水力落差大,农村地面硬化率低,在生活污水收集过程中和输运过程中容易带来泥沙,一般的,由于栽培区52中的水生植物的存在,会对导致污水中泥沙的滞留,长期运行后会导致栽培区52的抬升,甚至基质层521的堵塞,影响污水处理系统的稳定运行,在本发明中,生活污水在栽培区52处理一定距离后,将进入沉水坑54中,沉水坑54相当于一个小型沉淀池,可以使污水在收集和输运过程中带来的泥沙沉淀下来,同时,沉水坑54中沉积的泥沙易于清理维护,对水处理系统的稳定运行至关重要。另一方面,生活污水本身溶解氧浓度就比较低,再加之污水在人工湿地长时间输运和处理,水中的溶解氧浓度进一步降低,导致基质层521、水生植物根际的兼氧微生物和水体中好氧微生物的死亡,不仅降低污水处理效果,同时会导致水生植物须根的死亡,严重的甚至导致水生植物的死亡,在本发明中,生活污水在栽培区52中处理一段距离后,进入跌水堰55发生跌水现象,有效补充废水中的溶解氧,提供废水处理效果,降低水处理过程中因厌氧菌的作用、根须的死亡、好氧微生物的死亡而导致的臭味,降低污水处理过程中产生的空气污染。在基质层521下方,铺设有膨润土防渗层522,可有效避免生活污水的下渗,避免土壤和地下水污染。As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the rural domestic sewage is collected by the water collection system 1 and then enters the grit chamber 2. In the grit chamber 2, the domestic sewage realizes the sedimentation and large particle suspension in the grit chamber 2. The mixing of water quality and the stability of water quantity, and the precipitation of sediment and large suspended solids can effectively reduce the blockage of constructed wetlands and enhance the operation stability of constructed wetlands. The mixing of water quality and stable water quantity is conducive to ensuring the stable operation of constructed wetlands. After the grit chamber 2 has been in operation for a certain period of time, the deposited silt and organic matter are discharged through the sludge pump 21 for subsequent composting or landfill treatment. The evenly mixed domestic sewage in the grit chamber 2 enters the diversion channel 3 after being pressurized by the water pump 4, and is transported to the treatment unit 5 for combined microorganism-plant restoration. After the domestic sewage enters the treatment unit 5, on the one hand, the microbial adhesion bag 512 And its fillers provide habitats for aerobic microorganisms, facultative microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms. COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, and P in domestic sewage provide nutrients for the growth of microorganisms, and realize partial degradation of pollutants in domestic sewage. The microbial attachment bag 512 is fixed on the ditch slope 511 by the keel 53, so that the microbial attachment bag 512 has good stability and erosion resistance; Decomposition further reduces the concentration of COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, and P in the wastewater. Some pollutants will also be adsorbed and fixed by the matrix layer 521 in the cultivation area 52, and the growth of plants will provide nutrients when the water is dry at night or when the flow is cut off, so as to realize the purification of wastewater. 24/7 processing. With the extension of the cultivation area 52, the pollutants in the domestic sewage are continuously degraded, absorbed and utilized by plants and microorganisms to achieve water purification and finally meet the discharge standard or irrigation water standard. On the one hand, due to the large hydraulic drop in hilly areas and the low ground hardening rate in rural areas, sediment is likely to be brought in during the collection and transportation of domestic sewage. Generally, due to the existence of aquatic plants in the cultivation area 52, it will cause The retention of silt in the sewage will lead to the uplift of the cultivation area 52 after long-term operation, and even the blockage of the matrix layer 521, which will affect the stable operation of the sewage treatment system. In the present invention, after the domestic sewage is treated at the cultivation area 52 for a certain distance, the Entering the sinkhole 54, the sinkhole 54 is equivalent to a small settling tank, which can settle the sediment brought by the sewage in the collection and transportation process, and at the same time, the sediment deposited in the sinkhole 54 is easy to clean and maintain , is essential to the stable operation of the water treatment system. On the other hand, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the domestic sewage itself is relatively low, coupled with the long-term transportation and treatment of sewage in the constructed wetland, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water is further reduced, resulting in The death of aerobic microorganisms not only reduces the sewage treatment effect, but also causes the death of the fibrous roots of aquatic plants, and even causes the death of aquatic plants in severe cases. Water drop occurs in the weir 55, which effectively supplements the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater, improves the wastewater treatment effect, reduces the odor caused by the action of anaerobic bacteria, the death of roots, and the death of aerobic microorganisms in the process of water treatment, and reduces the Air pollution generated during sewage treatment. Below the matrix layer 521, a bentonite anti-seepage layer 522 is laid, which can effectively avoid infiltration of domestic sewage and soil and groundwater pollution.

如图1所示,丘陵地带农村生活污水处理的流程包括如下步骤:As shown in Figure 1, the process of rural domestic sewage treatment in hilly areas includes the following steps:

1)遍布于农村生活区的集水系统1将生活污水收集于沉砂池中2;1) The water collection system 1 throughout the rural living areas collects domestic sewage in the grit chamber 2;

2)生活污水在沉砂池2中实现泥沙的沉淀、水质混合和水量的稳定,之后经水泵4输送至导流渠3;2) Domestic sewage in the grit chamber 2 realizes sedimentation, water quality mixing and water volume stabilization, and then is transported to the diversion channel 3 by the water pump 4;

3)导流渠3中的生活污水经闸板31调节,流量计32计量后进入处理单元5;3) The domestic sewage in the diversion channel 3 is regulated by the ram 31, measured by the flow meter 32, and enters the treatment unit 5;

4)生活污水在处理单元5中,在好氧微生物、兼氧微生物、厌氧微生物和水生植物的联合处理实现达标排放。4) In the treatment unit 5, domestic sewage is discharged up to standard through the joint treatment of aerobic microorganisms, facultative microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms and aquatic plants.

本发明利用丘陵地带农村现有排水沟渠,对丘陵地带农村生活污水中的COD、BOD、氨氮、P等污染物进行植物-微生物联合修复,首先,通过在沟渠边坡堆砌微生物附着袋,构建了好氧微生物、兼氧微生物和厌氧微生物共存的水处理微环境,改善微生物对生活污水的处理效果;其次,通过在栽培区合理布设沉水坑,避免了因丘陵地带因水力冲刷严重、地面硬化率低而导致的沟渠淤积、基质层堵塞的问题;再次,通过在栽培区合理布设跌水堰,解决了因废水中溶解氧浓度低而导致的臭味问题;最后,基质层的下方铺设有膨润土防渗层,可有效避免生活污水下渗而造成的土壤污染和地下水污染。本发明的优势在于,投资少、效果好、易于维护管理、可美化乡村环境,同时可以有效降低水处理过程中对空气、土壤和地下水的污染。The present invention utilizes the existing rural drainage ditches in hilly areas to carry out plant-microbial joint restoration of pollutants such as COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, and P in rural domestic sewage in hilly areas. The water treatment micro-environment where aerobic microorganisms, facultative microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms coexist improves the effect of microorganisms on domestic sewage treatment; secondly, by rationally laying out sinkholes in the cultivation area, it avoids serious water erosion in hilly areas and ground The problem of ditch siltation and matrix layer blockage caused by low hardening rate; thirdly, the problem of odor caused by low dissolved oxygen concentration in wastewater was solved by rationally laying out weirs in the cultivation area; finally, the bottom of the matrix layer was laid There is a bentonite anti-seepage layer, which can effectively avoid soil pollution and groundwater pollution caused by the infiltration of domestic sewage. The invention has the advantages of low investment, good effect, easy maintenance and management, can beautify the rural environment, and can effectively reduce the pollution of air, soil and groundwater during the water treatment process.

实施例1:跌水高度对生活污水溶解氧浓度的影响Example 1: The impact of water drop height on the concentration of dissolved oxygen in domestic sewage

以汉中市城市污水处理厂进水口污水为处理对象,通过设计不同的跌水高度,考察跌水高度为10cm、20cm、30cm、40cm、50cm、60cm、70cm、80cm、90cm时,跌水堰前后溶解氧浓度,发现了跌水高度对废水溶解氧浓度的影响规律。Taking the sewage at the water inlet of the urban sewage treatment plant in Hanzhong City as the treatment object, by designing different water drop heights, the water drop heights are 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm, 80cm, 90cm, before and after the water drop weir Dissolved oxygen concentration, found the impact of water drop height on the concentration of dissolved oxygen in wastewater.

实施例2:沉水坑对不同流速水体浊度的影响Example 2: Effects of sinkholes on water turbidity at different flow rates

在搅拌速度为1200r/s的搅拌条件下,初始浊度为260NTU的废水进入设有深度为15cm沉水坑的明渠中,使用浊度仪测定沉水坑前后废水的浊度,研究沉水坑对废水浊度的影响,反映沉水坑对废水中泥沙的去除效果。Under the condition of stirring at a stirring speed of 1200r/s, wastewater with an initial turbidity of 260NTU enters an open channel with a sinkhole with a depth of 15cm. Use a turbidimeter to measure the turbidity of wastewater before and after the sinkhole. The effect on the turbidity of wastewater reflects the removal effect of the sinkhole on the sediment in the wastewater.

实施例3:微生物附着袋中微生物种群数量随时间的变化Embodiment 3: the variation of the microbial population quantity in the microbial attachment bag over time

选择直径为25cm的微生物附着袋,海泡石、蛭石的直径选为为2cm,粉煤灰、大沙的直径选为3mm,海泡石、粉煤灰、蛭石、大沙的质量比为1:2:2:3;装袋后浸入流动的生活污水中,在微生物附着袋中心进行取样,取填料1g,用10ml去离子水洗涤,洗涤得到的液体分别在细菌、真菌和放线菌培养基上培养72h后计数。Select the microorganism attachment bag that diameter is 25cm, the diameter of sepiolite, vermiculite is selected as 2cm, the diameter of fly ash, large sand is selected as 3mm, the mass ratio of sepiolite, fly ash, vermiculite, large sand The ratio is 1:2:2:3; after bagging, immerse in flowing domestic sewage, take a sample at the center of the microbial attachment bag, take 1g of filler, wash with 10ml of deionized water, and the liquid obtained by washing is separated in bacteria, fungi, and liner Counted after 72 h of cultivation on bacterial culture medium.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system, including collecting system(1), setting pot(2), sludge pump(21)、 Water pump(4), diversion channel(3), processing unit(5), which is characterized in that wherein:Collecting system(1)Make full use of existing irrigation canals and ditches, pipe Road is dispersed throughout life in the countryside area, by rural domestic sewage collection in setting pot(2);Sanitary sewage is in setting pot(2)Middle realization mud The stabilization of husky and bulky grain suspended matter precipitation, water quality mixing and water, mixed sanitary sewage is through water pump(4)It is passed through after pressurization Diversion channel(3)It is delivered to processing unit(5);Diversion channel(3)It is interior to be equipped with flashboard(31)And flowmeter(32), flashboard(31)For flowing The adjusting of amount, flowmeter(32)For measuring the flow of sanitary sewage, flow velocity in irrigation canals and ditches;Processing unit(5)According to physical features by original Irrigation canals and ditches are reconstructed and obtained, and are divided into side slope area(51), cultivation area(52), heavy puddle(54)With drop weir(55), along water (flow) direction, side slope Area(51)It is symmetrically distributed in cultivation area(52), heavy puddle(54)With drop weir(55)Both sides;It is described along cross-section of river direction Side slope area(51)Water channel side slope is followed successively by from outside to inside(511), microorganism adhesion bag(512), keel(53), the keel (53)By the microorganism adhesion bag(512)It is fixed on water channel side slope(511)On;The cultivation area(52)From top to bottom according to Secondary is hypothallus(521), bentonite impervious barrier(522);The cultivation area(52), heavy puddle(54), drop weir(55)Successively It sets, along water (flow) direction periodic distribution.
2. a kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described is micro- Biological attachment bag(512)For sack made of permeable PP non-woven fabrics, the microorganism adhesion bag(512)In be filled with Hai Pao Stone, flyash, vermiculite, great Sha mixtures, sepiolite, the diameter of vermiculite are preferably elected as 1 ~ 2cm, and flyash, the diameter of great Sha are suitable It elects as 2 ~ 5mm, sepiolite, flyash, vermiculite, the mass ratio of great Sha are preferably 1:2:2:3.
3. a kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The dragon Bone(53)By prefabricated nylon bandage(531)And drill rod(532)Composition, nylon bandage(531)There is hole at both ends, and use drill rod (532)By nylon bandage(531)It is fixed on water channel side slope(511)On.
4. a kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The base Matter layer(521)Loam layer is followed successively by from top to bottom(5211), gravel layer(5212), haydite layer(5213), zeolite layer(5214), powder Soot layer(5215), medium loam layer(5211)Thickness be 10 ~ 25cm, gravel layer(5212)10 ~ 20cm of thickness, gravel particle Diameter is preferably 5 ~ 6cm;Haydite layer(5213)Thickness is 10 ~ 20cm, and the diameter of haydite is preferably 3 ~ 5cm;Zeolite layer(5214)Thickness For 8 ~ 10cm, the diameter of zeolite granular is preferably 1 ~ 2cm;Flyash Layer(5215)Thickness is 10 ~ 15cm.
5. a kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described is swollen The native impervious barrier of profit(522)In bentonite for nature crush after bentonite clay particle, thickness be 10 ~ 15cm.
6. a kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described is heavy Puddle(54)For precast member for reinforcing bar concrete, inverted trapezoidal is preferably designed as, depth is preferably 80 ~ 100cm.
7. a kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described falls Mill weir(55)For precast member for reinforcing bar concrete, inverted "L" shape is preferably designed as, drop drop is preferably 30 ~ 80cm, the drop weir (55)Supported hole is reserved with, equipped with branch column fitting.
8. a kind of hilly country rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Sanitary sewage The flow of processing includes the following steps:
1)The collecting system in life in the countryside area is dispersed throughout by Domestic sewage collecting in setting pot(2)In;
2)Sanitary sewage is in setting pot(2)It is middle realize silt precipitation, water quality mixing and water stabilization, after through water pump(4) It is delivered to diversion channel(3);
3)Diversion channel(3)In sanitary sewage through flashboard(31)It adjusts, flowmeter(32)Enter processing unit after metering(5);
4)Sanitary sewage is in processing unit(5)In, in aerobic microbiological, facultative microbe, anaerobe and water plant Qualified discharge is realized under Combined Treatment.
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