CN114345926A - Method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by using ETS-Arundo donax - Google Patents
Method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by using ETS-Arundo donax Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for remedying cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax in a combined manner, belonging to the technical field of soil ecological remediation. According to the method, the arundo donax linn is planted in the cadmium-polluted soil, the ETS compound microbial agent is applied, and the arundo donax linn is harvested after 0.5-1 year. The ETS compound microbial agent enables the arundo donax to grow in the cadmium-polluted soil without being influenced, and keeps the strong cadmium enrichment capacity of the arundo donax. Therefore, the method for remedying the cadmium-polluted soil by utilizing the ETS-Arundo donax combination can thoroughly solve the problem of cadmium transfer in the soil, is convenient to operate and has higher market popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using ETS-Arundo donax.
Background
Cadmium is an unnecessary element for human bodies, is usually in a compound state in nature, has low content, and does not influence human health under a normal environment state. Cadmium and zinc are elements of the same group, and cadmium is commonly associated with zinc and lead in nature. When the environment is polluted by cadmium, the cadmium can be enriched in organisms and enter the human body through food chains to cause chronic poisoning. For example, after the soil is polluted by cadmium, cadmium enters a food chain by transferring the cadmium into crops after the crops are planted in the polluted soil, and finally, the cadmium is enriched in a human body, so that toxic and side effects are generated.
The method for repairing cadmium contaminated soil is usually carried out by adopting a repairing agent capable of adsorbing heavy metal ions, for example, the publication No. CN109337690A discloses a cadmium contaminated soil repairing agent, wherein attapulgite and isocyanate are mixed and modified by a silane coupling agent, so that a molecular bridge can be built between the interfaces of inorganic components and organic components, the action activity is improved, and meanwhile, Zn contained in salt materials2+Can antagonize cadmium ions. The repairing agent can reduce the soil mobility of cadmium ions, reduce the absorption of plants to the cadmium ions and reduce the toxic action of the cadmium ions to crops. The prior art also discloses the purpose of restoring cadmium contaminated soil by using microorganisms, for example, a patent with publication number CN105921507A discloses that a microbial fertilizer containing silicate bacteria (Bacillus mucopolysaccharides) and Bacillus subtilis is used for restoring and regenerating the cadmium contaminated soil, so that the soil activity can be improved, the metabolism of the microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes can be influenced, and finally heavy metal cadmium is restored, thereby reducing the toxicity and the mobility of cadmium. Therefore, in the prior art, although the cadmium-polluted soil can be repaired and the cadmium is prevented from transferring to the planted crops, the cadmium in the soil cannot be substantially removed by the existing repairing method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using an ETS-arundo donax combination, which can completely transfer cadmium ions from the soil.
The invention provides a method for remedying cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax in a combined manner, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) planting the arundo donax linn in the cadmium-polluted soil, applying the ETS compound microbial agent, and harvesting the arundo donax linn after 0.5-1 year.
Preferably, the inter-planting row spacing of the arundo donax is (0.8-1.2) mx (0.8-1.2) m.
Preferably, the arundo donax linn comprises arundo donax linn seedlings growing for more than 2 years.
Preferably, the arundo donax linn comprises giant reed.
Preferably, the ETS compound microbial agent is a black and white liquid agent.
Preferably, in the ETS compound microbial agent, the application amount of the black liquor is 1L/mu, and the application amount of the white liquor is 1L/mu.
Preferably, the application interval time of the ETS compound microbial agent is 15-20 days.
Preferably, the ETS complex microbial inoculant is applied with water.
Preferably, the harvested arundo donax linn is rhizomatophorus linn.
Preferably, the concentration of cadmium in the soil is 150mg/kg or less.
The invention provides a method for remedying cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax in a combined manner, which comprises the following steps: and (3) planting the arundo donax linn in the cadmium-polluted soil, applying the ETS compound microbial agent, and harvesting the arundo donax linn after 0.5-1 year. Experiments prove that cadmium-polluted soil has an obvious inhibiting effect on the growth of the arundo donax compared with the unpolluted soil group, and meanwhile, the ETS compound microbial inoculum applied to the unpolluted soil has a certain inhibiting effect on the growth of the arundo donax instead of being adverse to the growth of the arundo donax compared with the unpolluted soil group. And after the ETS compound microbial agent is applied to the cadmium-polluted soil, the growth situation of the planted bamboo reeds is the same as that of the bamboo reeds in the non-polluted soil group. Therefore, the application of the ETS compound microbial agent ensures that the growth of the arundo donax in the cadmium-polluted soil is not influenced. Meanwhile, the Cd accumulation amount in the arundo donax is measured, and the inoculation of the ETS microbial fertilizer obviously increases the low-concentration treatment group (20mg kg)-1) The giant reed rhizome and leaves accumulate Cd, and the extraction of Cd in soil by the giant reed can be effectively improved by inoculating ETS microbial fertilizer, so that the application realizes the integration of the ETS microbial fertilizer and the giant reedAnd (5) restoring and treating the Cd polluted soil. Therefore, the method for remedying the cadmium-polluted soil by utilizing the ETS-Arundo donax combination can thoroughly solve the problem of cadmium transfer in the soil, is convenient to operate and has higher market popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of water utilization efficiency of Arundo donax of different treatment groups according to the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing transpiration rate results for various treatment groups of Arundo donax in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the net photosynthetic rate results for different treatment groups of Arundo donax in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the results of porosity conductivity for Arundo donax of various treatment groups in accordance with examples of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows intercellular CO of Arundo donax of different treatment groups in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention2Concentration results;
FIG. 6 shows the effect of inoculated ETS microbial fertilizer on the accumulation of Cd by megareed, wherein FIG. 6a shows the accumulation of Cd by megareed rhizome of different treatment groups, FIG. 6b shows the accumulation of Cd by megareed stems of different treatment groups, and FIG. 6c shows the accumulation of Cd by megareed leaves of different treatment groups;
wherein Cd-ETS+: ETS represents ETS microbial fertilizer, "-" represents no heavy metal or ETS microbial fertilizer, "+" represents low concentration heavy metal or ETS microbial fertilizer, and "+" represents high concentration heavy metal.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for remedying cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax in a combined manner, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) planting the arundo donax linn in the cadmium-polluted soil, applying the ETS compound microbial agent, and harvesting the arundo donax linn after 0.5-1 year.
The method provided by the invention is suitable for wide cadmium-polluted soil, and the concentration of cadmium in the soil is preferably below 150 mg/kg. In the embodiment of the invention, the cadmium concentrations in the soil are 20mg/kg and 100mg/kg respectively represent the low-concentration cadmium pollution and the high-concentration cadmium pollution, and the effect of the ETS-Arundo donax on the cadmium-polluted soil combined remediation is explained.
In the present invention, the inter-row spacing of the arundo donax is preferably (0.8 to 1.2) mx (0.8 to 1.2) m, and more preferably 1 mx 1 m. The Arundo donax preferably comprises Arundo donax seedlings grown for more than 2 years. The type of the arundo donax is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any kind of arundo donax known in the art may be used. In the examples of the present invention, giant reed is used as a representative of giant reed to illustrate the repairing effect, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the invention, the ETS compound microbial agent is preferably a black and white liquid agent. The application method of the black and white liquid can be just referred to the product specification. In the embodiment of the invention, the application amount of the black liquor in the ETS compound microbial agent is preferably 0.5-1L/mu, more preferably 0.5-0.8L/mu, and the application amount of the white liquor is 0.5-1L/mu, more preferably 0.5-0.8L/mu. The application rate of the black liquor and the white liquor at the first application is preferably 1L/mu. The application interval of the ETS compound microbial agent is preferably 15-20 days, and more preferably 18 days. The application method of the ETS compound microbial agent is applied along with water.
In the present invention, the order of planting Arundo donax and applying ETS complex microbial inoculant is not particularly limited. In the embodiment of the invention, the ETS compound microbial agent is applied firstly, and then the arundo donax linn is planted.
According to the method, the giant reed is planted in the cadmium-polluted soil, cadmium in the soil can be transferred to the giant reed, and the cadmium is mainly accumulated on leaves and roots of the giant reed, so that the giant reed is preferably harvested with roots when the giant reed is harvested, the overground part and the underground part of the giant reed are completely transferred, and the cadmium is completely transferred from the soil. Meanwhile, the application of the ETS compound microbial agent is beneficial to ensuring that the growth of the arundo donax linn in the cadmium-polluted soil is not influenced by heavy metal ions, and protecting the better growth situation, thereby further improving the extraction of cadmium by the arundo donax linn and promoting the restoration of the cadmium-polluted soil.
The method for remedying cadmium contaminated soil by using the ETS-Arundo donax combination provided by the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the method should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Setting a control group (CK) and a control group (CK) according to the requirements of table 1 in the case that the soil is not polluted,Non-contaminated soil group (Cd) to which ETS microbial inoculum was applied-ETS+) Cadmium low concentration pollutant group (Cd)+ETS-) High concentration cadmium (Cd)++ETS-) And low concentration cadmium contamination + ETS microbial inoculum group (Cd)+ETS+) Giant reed is planted in 4 treatment groups, and the tested giant reed is a giant reed tetraploid tissue culture seedling which grows for 2 years. Each treatment was set to 3 replicates, added in two portions. Otherwise, managing according to a conventional cultivation technology, and harvesting the giant reed with roots after 365d planting.
TABLE 1 treatment of different concentrations of heavy metal cadmium
Remarking: ETS represents ETS microbial manure.
Example 2
(first) measurement of growth index of Arundo donax planted for 1 year in each treatment group in example 1
1.1 determination of chlorophyll SPAD value
The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) (Lize et al, 2017) was measured at 9:00 a.m. using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (Konica, Japan), and at the time of measurement, mature leaves with the same position and orientation were selected while avoiding the main pulse of the leaf, 3 leaves were measured for each treatment, and the average value was taken at two points for each leaf.
1.2 determination of gas exchange parameters:
the method comprises the steps of measuring the leaves of Arundo donax by using an LI-6400xt portable photosynthetic apparatus (LI-COR, USA), selecting leaves with basically consistent leaf positions and growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests during measurement, maintaining the natural growth angles of the leaves, and measuring 3 plants each time. From 9: 00-12: 00 determination of the gas exchange parameter Net photosynthetic Rate (Pn, μmol. m) of the leaves-2·s-1) Intercellular CO2Concentration (Ci, μmol.)-1) And gas pore conductance (Gs, mol. m)-2·s-1) And transpiration rate (Tr, m mol. m)-2·s-1) And the like. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) calculation formula: WUE ═ Pn/Tr, where Pn, Tr are the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, respectively, of the same leaf. Has been determinedThe effective radiation (PAR) of the light combination in the process is (1200 +/-1) mu mol.m-2·s-1Ambient temperature, humidity and CO2And (4) concentration.
1.3 determination of photoresponse Curve:
in the following step 10: 00-12: and (3) measuring the photoresponse curve of the annual normally-growing functional leaves of the plants by using a Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system at the time of 00. Before measurement, the leaf to be measured is at 1200 mu mol.m-2·s-1Inducing for 15min (red and blue light source of the instrument) under photosynthetically active radiation to fully activate the photosynthetic system. Open gas path with photosynthetic effective radiation gradient of 1800, 1500, 1200, 800, 500, 200, 150, 100, 50 and 0 μmol · m-2·s-1. A photosynthesis optical response curve (Pn-PAR curve) is plotted with the photosynthetically active radiation as the horizontal axis and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) as the vertical axis.
1.4 plant height, tiller number and biomass measurements
The height of the giant reed can be measured by a measuring tape; the tillering number is the tillering with the stem height more than or equal to 1 m; biomass determination: collecting aerial parts of the whole plant, weighing the aerial parts, sampling, dividing stems and leaves, weighing the fresh parts respectively, taking all samples back to a laboratory, drying the samples in an oven at 80 ℃ until the weight is constant, weighing the samples respectively, obtaining the dry-fresh mass ratio of the samples, and converting the dry-fresh mass ratio into biomass.
(II) measurement results
2.1 Effect of ETS inoculation on megareed growth, the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of Cd treatment at different concentrations on megareed growth
Note: ETS represents ETS microbial fertilizer, "-" represents no heavy metal or ETS microbial fertilizer, "+" represents low heavy metal or ETS microbial fertilizer, and "+" represents high heavy metal, as follows. Data superscript different letters represent significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from table 2, cadmium contamination can be detrimental to megareed growth compared to the non-contaminated soil group (CK), while the application of ETS microbial inoculum in non-contaminated soil not only did not promote megareed growth, but also significantly inhibited the growth of arundo donax compared to the non-contaminated soil group (CK). Thus, cadmium contamination and ETS microbial agents are not beneficial to the growth of the rhaponticum uniflorum. While low concentration of Cd+And the ETS microbial manure group results show that the growth of Arundo donax is restored to the level of the unpolluted soil group. Therefore, the ETS microbial fertilizer has the effect of promoting the growth of the arundo donax planted in the cadmium-polluted soil.
2.2 Effect of ETS-inoculated microbial manure on photosynthesis of Julu
TABLE 3 Effect of Cd treatment at different concentrations on basic photosynthetic parameters of Julu
Note: data superscript different letters represent significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).
Photosynthesis is a basic source of materials and energy of crop ecosystems, and is also an important index for evaluating plant productivity. The action mechanism of the plant growth regulator becomes a theoretical basis for improving the utilization of light energy of crops, increasing the yield of the crops, opening up new energy sources and the like, and is also a theoretical basis of modern agricultural production. The basic photosynthetic parameters of the giant reed treated by different metals at different concentrations are measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 3.
The results show that: except for a control group, the addition of ETS microbial fertilizer can obviously improve Pn, Tr and Gs values of giant reed leaves under Cd stress; compared with a control, Cd stress can cause the WUE to be remarkably increased, but the influence of Cd stress on the WUE can be weakened by adding the ETS microbial fertilizer; by adding ETS microbial fertilizer in the low-concentration Cd treatment, Pn, Tr and Gs are obviously increased, and WUE is obviously reduced. When ETS microbial fertilizer is added into a control, Gs and Ci are both obviously higher than those of the control.
The net photosynthetic rate of the 5 different treatments increased with increasing light radiation, risingThe trend was the same, parabolic (fig. 3). When the optical radiation (PAR) is in the range of 0 to 500. mu. mol · m-2·s-1The net photosynthetic rate increases with the increase of light radiation, and the net photosynthetic rate increases with the increase of light radiation in the range of 500-1200 mu mol m-2·s-1When the net photosynthetic rate increases with increasing light radiation, the tendency to increase becomes slower; at light radiation > 1200. mu. mol. m-2·s-1When the net photosynthetic rate becomes flat or even decreases with increasing light radiation. As can be seen from the figure, the optical radiation is > 500. mu. mol. m-2·s-1The difference of the photoresponse curves of the treatments gradually increases by Cd+ETS+>Cd-ETS+>CK>Cd++ETS->Cd+ETS-. The transpiration rate of 5 treatments was similar to the photosynthetic rate and increased with increasing photosynthetically active radiation at CK of 200. mu. mol · m-2·s-1The change of the transpiration rate is maximum within the range, and the photosynthetically active radiation is more than 200 mu mol.m-2·s-1Then, respectively starting the operation, and the maximum value is Cd+ETS+>Cd-ETS+>CK>Cd++ETS->Cd+ETS-Respectively, 4.38, 4.23, 4.11, 3.00, 2.02. mu. mol. m-2·s-1(FIG. 2). The conductance of the stomatal pore is similar to that of photosynthetic transpiration along with the change of photosynthetically active radiation, and is increased along with the enhancement of light radiation, and the value of the conductance is Cd+ETS+>Cd-ETS+>Cd++ETS->CK>Cd+ETS-(FIG. 4). Water utilization efficiency of 5 treatments with Cd+ETS-Maximum, second is Cd++ETS-The water use efficiency of the remaining three treatments was similar (fig. 1). 5 treated intercellular CO2Concentration of Cd++ETS-Max, CK is lowest (fig. 5).
2.3 Effect of ETS-inoculated microbial fertilizer on accumulation of megareed Cd
Inoculation of ETS microbial manure significantly increases the low concentration treatment group (20mg kg)-1) The content of Cd in the giant reed root and the leaf pair is respectively 1.48 mg/kg-1And 3.69mg kg-1Increased to 2.80 mg/kg-1And 6.85mg kg-1Both increased nearly 1 fold (fig. 6a and 6 c). However, inoculation of ETS with microbial manure had little effect on Cd accumulation in giant reed stems (fig. 6 b). The result shows that the extraction of Cd from the soil by the giant reed can be effectively improved by inoculating the ETS microbial fertilizer, and the method can be used for treating the Cd-polluted soil by the combined remediation of the ETS microbial fertilizer and the giant reed.
In Cd+ETS+The cadmium removal rate of the treated soil is the highest and reaches 23 percent, and the Cd content is++ETS-The cadmium removal rate of the treated soil is the lowest and is only 10.6 percent.
Therefore, the invention utilizes ETS-Arundo donax to jointly repair cadmium pollution, and the result shows that the ETS microbial fertilizer can reduce the influence of cadmium ions on the growth of the Arundo donax, so that the growth characteristics of the Arundo donax are not influenced by cadmium pollution, an ideal growth state is maintained, and a repair basis is provided for the absorption and transfer of cadmium by the Arundo donax.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for remedying cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax in a combined manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) planting the arundo donax linn in the cadmium-polluted soil, applying the ETS compound microbial agent, and harvesting the arundo donax linn after 0.5-1 year.
2. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inter-row spacing between the plants of Arundo donax is (0.8-1.2) mx (0.8-1.2) m.
3. The method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil using an ETS-Arundo donax combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Arundo donax comprises more than 2 years old Arundo donax seedlings.
4. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax as combined claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the Arundo donax comprises Julu.
5. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using the ETS-Arundo donax combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ETS compound microbial agent is a black and white liquid aqua.
6. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using the ETS-Arundo donax combination according to claim 5, wherein the application amount of the black liquor is 1L/mu and the application amount of the white liquor is 1L/mu in the ETS composite microbial agent.
7. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax in a combined manner according to claim 1, wherein the application interval of the ETS complex microbial agent is 15-20 days.
8. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using the ETS-Arundo donax combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ETS complex microbial inoculant is applied with water.
9. The method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil using an ETS-Arundo donax combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein said harvested Arundo donax is rhizocarpous harvested Arundo donax.
10. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using ETS-Arundo donax as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 9, wherein the concentration of cadmium in the soil is 150mg/kg or less.
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