CN112567920A - Method for improving cadmium-polluted soil restoration capacity of hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides - Google Patents
Method for improving cadmium-polluted soil restoration capacity of hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides Download PDFInfo
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- CN112567920A CN112567920A CN202011487876.5A CN202011487876A CN112567920A CN 112567920 A CN112567920 A CN 112567920A CN 202011487876 A CN202011487876 A CN 202011487876A CN 112567920 A CN112567920 A CN 112567920A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the capacity of hybrid pennisetum for repairing cadmium-polluted soil, which comprises the following steps: transplanting the hybrid pennisetum seedlings into cadmium-polluted soil; after the hybrid pennisetum seedlings stably grow, spraying a humic acid aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces of the hybrid pennisetum seedlings; cutting after the height of the hybrid pennisetum reaches 1.2m, and applying nitrogen fertilizer to the hybrid pennisetum after cutting; and after the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides grows out new leaves, repeating the operation until the remediation of the cadmium-polluted soil is completed. The invention selects the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides as the cadmium-polluted soil remediation plant, can be mown for multiple times in one year, and has strong cadmium enrichment capacity. The foliage spray agent provided by the invention takes humic acid as an effective component, is safe and nontoxic, and cannot pollute soil, underground water and air; the method adopts a foliage spraying mode, is simple and convenient to operate, is easy to operate, can effectively promote the absorption and enrichment capacity of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides while increasing the biomass on the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides and promoting the growth of underground root systems, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a method for improving the remediation capability of hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides to cadmium-polluted soil.
Background
The problems of heavy metal pollution of soil are increasingly prominent due to the problems of large emission of automobile exhaust, excessive mining and smelting of metal minerals, generalization of sewage irrigation, excessive application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, settlement of polluted atmosphere and the like, and the concentration of heavy metals in a large amount of soil is seriously overproof, so that great threats are generated to the ecological environment and the health and safety of human beings. Cadmium is a common heavy metal polluting soil and is one of the most serious, most biologically toxic and most harmful heavy metals in soil in China. Cadmium pollution has the characteristics of concealment, irreversibility, long-term property and carcinogenicity, and can be greatly enriched in a human body through a food chain, so that the health of the human body is influenced, the life safety is further influenced, and therefore, the remediation and the treatment of the cadmium polluted soil are urgent.
At present, the remediation method of the heavy metal contaminated soil mainly comprises physical, chemical and biological remediation. Physical and chemical remediation projects are large, expensive to operate, difficult to utilize on a large scale, may cause secondary pollution, and adversely affect soil fertility, soil physicochemical structures, and soil microbial community structures. The plant extraction and remediation of soil heavy metal pollution in biological remediation is a green technology which is most researched and has the greatest development prospect at present, and the plant remediation is to plant enrichment plants which grow naturally or are cultured genetically on the polluted soil to adsorb, transfer and eliminate specific heavy metal pollution elements in the soil, so that the heavy metal content in the soil is reduced to achieve the purpose of treatment. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, no secondary pollution, reduction of soil erosion, environment beautification and the like, and can achieve the purpose of durable clean restoration of the polluted soil, so that the method is generally recognized as an environment-friendly in-situ green restoration technology.
Currently, plants applied to soil heavy metal pollution remediation are divided into two types: (1) hyper-enriching plants; (2) high biomass plants having strong tolerance to heavy metal contamination and high enrichment characteristics and growing rapidly. However, most of the currently found hyper-enriched plants are annual herbaceous plants, and have the disadvantages of low reproductive capacity, slow growth, small biomass of overground parts, low cadmium accumulation amount, poor cadmium repair capacity and the like, so that the repair efficiency is low, the repair time is long, the actual application is limited, and the production requirements are difficult to meet. Therefore, how to provide a method for improving the accumulation amount of cadmium in cadmium-enriched plants and improving the cadmium accumulation capacity of the cadmium-enriched plants is a problem to be solved urgently at present. The hybrid pennisetum plants grow rapidly, have more tillers, developed root systems and large biomass, grow for many years, can be mowed for many times in one year, have great cadmium-polluted soil remediation potential, and have been used as high-biomass plants for cadmium-polluted soil remediation, for example, application number 201310455474.0 discloses a method for remediating acidic heavy metal-polluted soil by using the hybrid pennisetum. But at present, the method for further improving the capacity of the hybrid pennisetum for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil is very few. The application numbers are: 202010330882.3 discloses a method for repairing cadmium contaminated soil by strengthening plants with root exudates, which adds root exudates to promote pennisetum alopecuroides and promote the repairing process. However, the addition of root exudates to the soil can change the soil environment. Therefore, there is a need for a method that does not add compounds to the soil to promote the absorption of cadmium in the soil by pennisetum and does not affect the normal growth of pennisetum.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the capacity of hybrid pennisetum for repairing cadmium-polluted soil. The method for spraying the humic acid water solution on the leaf surface promotes the growth of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides, effectively promotes the growth of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides, and obviously improves the absorption and enrichment capacity of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides while increasing the biomass; the absorption and enrichment capacity to cadmium is enhanced, the removal rate of cadmium in soil is improved, and the aim of enhancing the effect of the hybrid pennisetum on repairing the cadmium-polluted soil is fulfilled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving the capacity of hybrid pennisetum for repairing cadmium-polluted soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) transplanting the hybrid pennisetum seedlings into cadmium-polluted soil;
(2) after the hybrid pennisetum seedlings stably grow, spraying a humic acid aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces of the hybrid pennisetum seedlings;
(3) cutting after the height of the hybrid pennisetum reaches 1.2m, and applying nitrogen fertilizer to the hybrid pennisetum after cutting;
(4) and (3) after the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides grows new leaves, repeating the operations in the steps (2) and (3) until the remediation of the cadmium-polluted soil is completed.
Preferably, in the step (1), transplanting the pennisetum alopecuroides seedlings when 3-4 true leaves grow out.
Preferably, in the step (1), the concentration of cadmium in the cadmium-polluted soil is 0-750 mg/kg.
Preferably, in the step (2), the concentration of the humic acid aqueous solution is 1000-2000 mg/L.
Preferably, in the step (2), the spraying period of the humic acid water solution is once per week, and the spraying time is 7:00-8:00 in the morning or 5:00-6:00 in the afternoon.
Preferably, in the step (3), the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the addition amount of the urea is 750-900 kg.hm-2。
Preferably, in the step (4), the operation of the steps (2) and (3) is repeated after 3-4 true leaves of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides grow out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a method for promoting growth of hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides and improving cadmium absorption and enrichment capacity, which improves cadmium absorption by spraying 1000-2000 mg/L humic acid aqueous solution on pennisetum alopecuroides leaves.
(2) The method selects the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides as the cadmium-polluted soil remediation plant, the plant grows rapidly, tillers are more, the root system is developed, the biomass is large, the plant grows for many years, the plant can be mowed for many times a year, the cadmium enrichment capacity is strong, and the cadmium-polluted soil remediation potential is great.
(3) The foliage spray agent provided by the invention takes humic acid as an effective component, and on one hand, the foliage spray agent is small in dosage, safe and nontoxic, does not pollute soil, underground water and air, and is environment-friendly; on the other hand, the method adopts a leaf surface spraying mode, is simple and convenient to operate, is easy to operate, can effectively promote the absorption and enrichment capacity of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides while effectively increasing the biomass on the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides and promoting the growth of underground root systems, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As introduced in the background section, the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides grows rapidly and for many years, can be mown for many times a year, has great potential for remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil, and has been used as a high-biomass plant for remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil. But at present, the method for further improving the capacity of the hybrid pennisetum for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil is very few.
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the capacity of hybrid pennisetum for repairing cadmium-polluted soil, which can not pollute the soil, underground water and air while repairing the cadmium-polluted soil. The inventor researches to prevent the soil environment from being affected by spraying by adopting a method of spraying the leaf surface, and researches on the substance, the spraying amount and the spraying time of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.
Example 1
And (3), 15 days in 1.2019, transplanting the pennisetum hydridum seedlings growing 4 true leaves, namely Ningza 4, into cadmium-polluted soil with the cadmium concentration of 700-750 mg/kg.
2. After the hybrid pennisetum seedlings stably grow, spraying a humic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 2000mg/L to the leaf surfaces of the hybrid pennisetum seedlings. Spraying once a week for 7: 30.
3. Mowing is carried out after the height of the hybrid pennisetum setaceum reaches 1.2m, urea is applied to the hybrid pennisetum setaceum after mowing, and the addition amount is 900 kg.hm-2。
4. And (3) repeating the operations of the steps (2) and (3) after 4 true leaves grow out from the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides till the remediation of the cadmium-polluted soil is completed.
Example 2
And 3, 15 days in 1.2019, transplanting the pennisetum hydridum seedlings growing 3 true leaves and having Ningza No. 4 into cadmium-polluted soil with the cadmium concentration of 300-400 mg/kg.
2. After the hybrid pennisetum seedlings stably grow, spraying a humic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 1000mg/L to the leaf surfaces of the hybrid pennisetum seedlings. Spraying once a week for 5: 30.
3. Mowing is carried out after the height of the hybrid pennisetum setaceum reaches 1.2m, urea is applied to the hybrid pennisetum setaceum after mowing, and the addition amount is 750 kg.hm-2。
4. And (3) repeating the operations of the steps (2) and (3) after 3 true leaves grow out from the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides till the remediation of the cadmium-polluted soil is completed.
Test examples
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The tested plant material is named as Ningza No. 4 hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides. Healthy seeds were kept at 10% H2O2Soaked for 10 minutes and then washed 3 times with sterile deionized water. And (3) sowing the disinfected seeds in a plastic flowerpot (with the height of 8cm and the diameter of 10cm) for seedling culture, wherein a seedling culture medium is formed by mixing peat, vermiculite and sand (5:3:2, w/w/w).
Soil samples used in the test are taken from the soil on the surface layer (0-20 cm) of farmland at southern university test station (36 degrees 09'N and 117 degrees 09' E) of Shandong agricultural university. After removing root residues and stones from the soil sample, naturally drying the soil sample, grinding the soil sample, sieving the ground soil sample by 2cm, and then potting the ground soil sample for later use. Urea (0.20 gN. kg) was applied to the soil before planting the crops-1) Diammonium phosphate (0.15 gP)2O5·kg-1) And potassium sulfate (0.20 gK)2O·kg-1) To ensure the normal growth of the plant. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the soil tested
1.2 test methods
20.0kg of air-dried soil was weighed through a 2mm sieve and placed in a 40cm by 48cm (height by diameter) plastic pot. A total of 6 Cd treatment concentrations were set: 0, 10, 20, 50, 70, 100 mg/kg-1. Each process set 9 replicates. CdCl is applied into each basin according to preset concentration2·2.5H2And (4) watering the solution O regularly to keep the soil moist, and turning and mixing the solution O regularly to fully and uniformly mix the soil. After 3 true leaves of the hybrid pennisetum are grown, selecting the hybrid pennisetum seedlings with consistent growth vigor and transplanting the hybrid pennisetum seedlings into pots, wherein 3 plants are planted in each pot.
The 9 replicates of each cadmium treatment were divided into 3 groups. Spraying deionized water on the leaf surface of the 1 st group, and spraying 1000 mg.L on the leaf surface of the 2 nd group-1Humic acid solution, spraying 2000 mg.L on leaf surface of group 3-1Humic acid solution. Spraying for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the spraying time is 7:00-8:00 in the morning. And (3) after the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides enters the full-bloom period, mowing the overground part of the plant, keeping the stubble for 2cm, and spraying the humic acid solution again after the plant grows out 3 true leaves again. The test is carried out for 4 times, and after the overground part of the plant is mowed for the last 1 time, the root system of the plant is removed from the soil, so that the whole test is completed. And after the plants are mown each time, collecting a soil sample for measuring the cadmium content of the soil.
And (3) cleaning the harvested fresh plant sample with deionized water for three times, removing water in the sample with absorbent paper, weighing, and recording the fresh weight of the plant sample. The plants were then de-enzymed in an oven at 105 ℃ for 30 minutes, then dried to constant weight at 75 ℃ and the dry weight of the plant samples was recorded. And crushing the dried plant sample, and sieving the crushed plant sample by a 100-mesh sieve. Weighing 0.250g plant sample, adding 8.0mLHNO3Microwave digestion is carried out for 30 minutes at 180 DEG CModel MS7700ce ICP spectrometer (Thermoscientific, USA) measures cadmium content in the upper and lower parts of plant and effective cadmium content in soil.
1.3 data processing method
Data analysis was performed using SPSS19.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) using the Duncan test (p < 0.05). Data are expressed as "mean ± standard deviation". The enrichment coefficient (BF) of hybrid pennisetum plants is the concentration of cadmium in the overground parts of the plants/the concentration of cadmium in the soil.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different humic acid treatments on the Biomass of hybrid pennisetum
As can be seen from Table 2, cadmium treatment at different concentrations all produced severe heavy metal stress on the hybrid pennisetum, and the leaf weight, stem weight and root weight of the plants were reduced, which finally resulted in a significant reduction in the total dry weight of the plants, with a reduction range of 11.0% -84.4%. Spraying 1000 mg.L on leaves-1And 2000 mg.L-1The humic acid aqueous solution can effectively promote the growth of hybrid pennisetum plants, and the leaf weight, stem weight and root weight of the hybrid pennisetum are obviously increased under the treatment conditions of cadmium with different concentrations. In the range of 0 to 100 mg/kg-1Under the condition of cadmium concentration treatment, the leaf surface is sprayed with 1000 mg.L compared with the control (spraying deionized water)-1Respectively increasing the biomass of the upper part of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides by 11.8-117.3 percent and the biomass of the lower part by 4.4-15.0 percent, and spraying 2000 mg.L on the leaves-1Respectively improves the biomass of the upper part of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides by 19.6 to 201.4 percent and the biomass of the lower part by 7.9 to 26.5 percent.
2.2 Effect of different humic acid treatments on cadmium absorption capacity of hybrid pennisetum
As can be seen from Table 3, the foliar application of 1000 mg.L-1And 2000 mg.L-1The humic acid aqueous solution effectively improves the absorption capacity of the hybrid pennisetum plants to the soil heavy metal cadmium. In the range of 0 to 100 mg/kg-1Under the condition of cadmium concentration treatment, the leaf surface is sprayed with 1000 mg.L compared with the control (spraying deionized water)-1And 2000 mg.L-1Humic acid aqueous solution respectively increases the cadmium content of the overground tissue of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides plant by 1.8-22.9 percent and 2.4-35.3 percent, and the underground tissue of the plant4.5 to 19.6 percent and 10.8 to 29.7 percent of cadmium content. According to the cadmium enrichment coefficient (BF) of hybrid pennisetum plants, 1000 mg.L is sprayed on the leaf surfaces-1And 2000 mg.L-1The BF value of the humic acid aqueous solution treatment is obviously higher than that of the humic acid aqueous solution sprayed and treated, which shows that the humic acid aqueous solution sprayed on the leaf surface improves the absorption capacity of the hybrid pennisetum plants to the heavy metal cadmium in the soil.
TABLE 2 Effect of different humic acid treatments on the biomass of hybrid pennisetum
TABLE 3 influence of different humic acid treatments on cadmium absorption capacity of hybrid pennisetum
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the capacity of hybrid pennisetum for repairing cadmium-polluted soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) transplanting the hybrid pennisetum seedlings into cadmium-polluted soil;
(2) spraying humic acid water solution on the leaf surface of the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides seedlings after the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides seedlings survive;
(3) cutting after the height of the hybrid pennisetum reaches 1.2m, and applying nitrogen fertilizer to the hybrid pennisetum after cutting;
(4) and (3) after the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides grows new leaves, repeating the operations in the steps (2) and (3) until the remediation of the cadmium-polluted soil is completed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pennisetum alopecuroides seedlings are transplanted when 3 to 4 true leaves grow in step (1).
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of cadmium in the cadmium-contaminated soil is 0-750 mg/kg.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the concentration of the humic acid aqueous solution is 1000-2000 mg/L.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the spraying period of the humic acid aqueous solution is once per week, and the spraying time is 7:00-8:00 in the morning or 5:00-6:00 in the afternoon.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the addition amount of the urea is 750-900 kg-hm-2。
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the operation of steps (2) and (3) is repeated after 3-4 true leaves are grown from the hybrid pennisetum alopecuroides.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113455135A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-01 | 黑龙江世纪云天化农业科技有限公司 | Method for constructing fertile plough layer of planting soil |
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| CN115780505A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-14 | 煜环环境科技有限公司 | Combined remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
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Application publication date: 20210330 |