CN109622606B - Method for restoring chromium-polluted soil by plants - Google Patents
Method for restoring chromium-polluted soil by plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN109622606B CN109622606B CN201811582928.XA CN201811582928A CN109622606B CN 109622606 B CN109622606 B CN 109622606B CN 201811582928 A CN201811582928 A CN 201811582928A CN 109622606 B CN109622606 B CN 109622606B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for restoring chromium-polluted soil by plants. The method comprises the following steps: transplanting the cuncao moss to the soil polluted by chromium. Wherein the concentration of chromium (potassium dichromate) in the soil is less than 300 mg/kg. According to the method, the cungrass moss is used for repairing the chromium-polluted soil, the cungrass moss is developed in rhizome and strong in tillering force, grows quickly, is drought-resistant and soil-barren-resistant, is resistant to repeated harvesting, and can be used for breeding a plurality of new plants by continuously growing the rhizome in the underground part only by planting once; the cuncao moss has tolerance to chromium-polluted soil, can absorb and transfer chromium in the soil to the overground part through a root system, and can achieve the purpose of removing heavy metal chromium in the soil by harvesting the overground part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a method for remediating chromium-contaminated soil by plants.
Background
Chromium in nature exists in the form of trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium, the trivalent chromium can be converted into hexavalent chromium under the oxidation condition, the hexavalent chromium has the largest toxicity and is most durable and is easily absorbed by plants, and the chromium is widely applied in the fields of leather processing, chemical light industry, metal smelting, machining, plastic processing and the like in China.
The existing method for repairing the heavy metal chromium contaminated soil comprises the following steps: a reduction precipitation method, wherein iron, ferrous salt, sulfide and other reducing agents are used for reducing hexavalent chromium into trivalent chromium so as to precipitate the hexavalent chromium; a chemical cleaning method, wherein a chelating agent such as EDTA is used for cleaning soil, and the aim of repairing is fulfilled by chelating chromium in the soil; the phytoremediation method adopts chromium-resistant plants to absorb or enrich chromium in soil, and achieves the aim of removing chromium in soil by harvesting plants, the former two methods are high in cost and complex in technology and face the problem of secondary pollution, the phytoremediation method is simple, wide in application range, low in cost and more direct in effect, but few plants capable of effectively enriching heavy metal chromium are used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for restoring chromium-polluted soil by plants. The method comprises the following steps: transplanting the cuncao moss to the soil polluted by chromium.
The cuncao moss (carex durius cula) is a perennial herb plant and is widely distributed in provinces (regions) such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, the cuncao moss is developed in rhizome, strong in tillering force, rapid in growth, drought-resistant, soil-poor-resistant and resistant to repeated harvesting.
After the cuncao moss is transferred, the plant can continue to grow, new rootstocks grow out of the underground part, and after the rootstocks grow out of the soil, the plant continues to grow into new cuncao moss plants.
The method of the invention does not form secondary pollution, and has high efficiency and low cost.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to facilitate survival in soil after chromium pollution, the cun-cao moss is 5-6 cm long. Wherein, the length of the cuncao moss is less than 15 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the planting method of the cuncao moss comprises the following steps:
and (3) applying 30-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each mu of sterilized soil, sowing 0.4-1.0 kg of cun grass seeds to each mu of sterilized soil, and covering soil with the thickness of 1-2 cm on the surface layer of the soil after sowing to obtain cun grass seeds.
The planting method of the cuncao moss preferably comprises the following steps:
and (3) applying 30-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each mu of sterilized soil in the beginning of 4 months, sowing 0.5-0.6 kg of cun grass seeds in each mu of sterilized soil, and covering the surface layer of the soil with the thickness of 1-2 cm after sowing to obtain cun grass seeds.
Wherein, the sterilization can be performed by using a sterilization method commonly used in the field, and preferably, a 50% carbendazim 800 times solution is used for spraying the soil.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to ensure the transplanting effect, tillering space and repairing effect, the transplanting plant spacing is 3-10 cm, preferably 5-7 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of: 0.045-0.06 kg of compound fertilizer containing calcium, magnesium and phosphorus is applied to the chromium-polluted soil transplanted with the cun grass moss per square meter.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, if the chromium is present as potassium dichromate, the concentration of potassium dichromate in the soil is less than 300mg/kg, more preferably not more than 200mg/kg, and may preferably not more than 100 mg/kg. After transplanting, the cuncao moss shows stronger chromium absorption capacity and also has better biomass, and can be preferably 100 mg/kg-200 mg/kg.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by using plants comprises the following steps:
applying 30-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu of sterilized soil, sowing 0.4-1.0 kg of grass moss seeds per mu of sterilized soil, covering soil with the thickness of 1-2 cm on the surface layer of the soil after sowing, transplanting the grass moss seeds to the soil polluted by chromium when the grass moss grows to 5-6 cm, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 3-10 cm, and applying 0.045-0.06 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per square meter. Wherein the concentration of chromium (potassium dichromate) in the soil is less than 300 mg/kg.
Wherein the transplanting distance is preferably 5-7 cm.
In the present invention, it is preferable that harvesting is started when the plants of cuncao moss grow to 15 cm. The cuncao moss is a perennial herbaceous plant, so that the underground root is reserved, the cuncao moss is continuously and repeatedly cultured and harvested, the harvested overground part is subjected to ashing treatment, and heavy metal chromium is recovered.
According to the method, the cuncao moss is innovatively used for repairing the chromium-polluted soil, the cuncao moss is developed in rhizome, strong in tillering force, rapid in growth, drought-resistant, soil-barren-resistant, and resistant to repeated harvesting, the cuncao moss can be continuously grown from the rhizome in the underground part to breed a plurality of new plants only by being planted once, the cuncao moss can be repeatedly harvested for many times every year, heavy metals in the soil are effectively transferred, and compared with other plants, the use of the cuncao moss saves resources, is convenient and efficient. Compared with other plants, the method can control the content of heavy metal chromium in the soil to be at a safe level more quickly. The cuncao moss is resistant to heavy metal chromium, can absorb chromium in soil to be transferred to the overground part through a root system, can remove the heavy metal chromium in the soil through harvesting the overground part, achieves the purpose of removing the chromium in the soil to the maximum extent, and controls the content of the chromium in the soil to be at a safe level. The method provided by the invention can well grow without special management, has low cultivation cost and high chromium transfer efficiency, and particularly enriches new species of plants for removing the heavy metal chromium pollution in northern soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the concentrations of K in the experimental examples2Cr2O7Carrying out biomass mapping on the overground part and the underground part of the cuncao moss after the polluted soil is treated;
FIG. 2 shows different concentrations of K in the experimental examples2Cr2O7And (5) obtaining a chromium content diagram of the overground part and the underground part of the cuncao moss after the polluted soil is treated.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are commercially available.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by plants, which comprises the following steps:
1) seedling cultivation of sphagna sinensis
The cun grass moss is planted at the beginning of 4 months, the seed amount per mu is 0.5kg, a solution with the concentration of 50 percent carbendazim being 800 times is sprayed on the soil before sowing for disinfection and sterilization, 30 kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus base fertilizer is applied to each mu, the soil with the thickness of 1cm is covered on the surface layer of the sowed soil, the soil humidity is controlled, the seed germination is promoted, and the cun grass moss can be transplanted to the soil polluted by heavy metal chromium after growing to 5 cm.
2) Preparing chromium-contaminated soil:
the basic soil is selected from Sublyseius city of Heilongjiang province, no heavy metal chromium contaminated soil, the soil is dried for 8 hours at 105 deg.C, 10kg is put into a square plastic culture pot with the size of 40cm x 40cm, and then K is sprayed2Cr2O7Solution, Artificial preparation of K2Cr2O7The contaminated soil was 100mg/kg, and 3 replicates were performed.
3) In the above-mentioned group containing K2Cr2O7Planting the seedlings of the cuncao moss on the polluted soil, applying 0.06kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus base fertilizer per square meter, planting the plants at a spacing of 5cm, and harvesting the overground part of the cuncao moss when the plants of the cuncao moss grow to 15 cm.
Examples 2 to 3
The steps in examples 2 and 3 were the same as in example 1 except that the concentrations of chromium-contaminated soil in step 2 were 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg, respectively.
Examples of the experiments
Comparative example
The procedure in the comparative example was the same as in example 1 except that the concentration of chromium-contaminated soil in step 2 was 0 mg/kg.
Grass moss biomass and chromium content detection
The detection method comprises the following steps: when the cuncao moss grows to 15cm, the leaves on the overground part are harvested, the roots are dug carefully, the culture medium is washed away by tap water and then by deionized water for 3 times, water is sucked by absorbent paper, and the cuncao moss is weighed and data is recorded. And (3) putting the material into an oven for deactivation of enzymes at 110 ℃ for 10min, adjusting the temperature to 80 ℃, continuously drying to constant weight, weighing and recording data. Taking a few roots and the overground partCutting the leaves with scissors, grinding with mortar, respectively, weighing 0.1g of powder, adding digestion solution 10ml (HNO)3:HClO4Standing for 30min, transferring to a microwave digestion instrument for digestion at 180 ℃ for 1h, transferring the digestion solution to a volumetric flask for metering the volume to 25ml, measuring the Cr content of the leaves on the roots and the overground parts by adopting an ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer) at a wavelength of 214.438nm, repeating each treatment for 3 times, and taking an average value.
Biomass detection results:
the results of the experiments show that, as shown in FIG. 1, the low concentration of 100mg/kg K2Cr2O7In the contaminated soil, 0mg/kg K is compared with the reference material2Cr2O7Compared with the prior art (the dry weight of the overground part is 0.20mg, and the dry weight of the underground part is 0.13mg), the biomass of the overground part and the underground part of the cuncao moss reaches the highest, the dry weight of the overground part is 0.44mg, and the dry weight of the underground part is 0.26 mg; when K is in the soil2Cr2O7When the concentration reaches 200mg/kg, the dry weight of the overground part is 0.33, and the dry weight of the underground part is 0.22mg, which is higher than that of the contrast material; and K in the soil2Cr2O7When the content reaches 200mg/kg, the dry weight of the overground part is 0.16mg, and the dry weight of the underground part is only 0.10mg, which are lower than those of the control material, so that the cuncao moss is 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg K2Cr2O7In the contaminated soil, the underground part and the overground part can maintain higher biomass, so that the biomass is 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg K2Cr2O7The contaminated soil is suitable for normal growth of grass lawn and can grow better, and K in the soil can be used as K2Cr2O7When the content reaches 300mg/kg, the growth of the cuncao moss is obviously inhibited, so that the biomass of the overground part and the underground part is reduced.
Chromium content test results
As shown in FIG. 2, the low concentration of 100mg/kg K2Cr2O7In the polluted soil, the chromium content of the overground part is 108.24mg/kg, and the chromium content of the underground part is 87.38 mg/kg; when K is in the soil2Cr2O7When the content is 200mg/kg, the accumulation amount of chromium on the overground part is 86.61mg/kg, and the content of chromium on the underground part is 76.79 mg/kg; when K is in the soil2Cr2O7In the content ofAt 300mg/kg, the chromium content of the overground part of the cun-cao moss is 72.12mg/kg, and the chromium content of the underground part is 61.76mg/kg, which shows obvious enrichment amount reduction.
At different concentrations of K2Cr2O7In the treated soil, the sphagnum moss shows different biomass accumulation characteristics and chromium enrichment capacity: the grass coating is below 200mg/kg K2Cr2O7The polluted soil can show higher biomass and stronger chromium enrichment capacity, the chromium in the soil can be enriched by continuously harvesting the overground part, and the chromium can be recovered through subsequent ashing treatment, so that the aim of soil remediation is fulfilled. When K is in the soil2Cr2O7The concentration reaches 300mg/kg, the growth of the cuncao moss is obviously inhibited, and the biomass is reduced.
Finally, the method of the present invention is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seedling cultivation of sphagna sinensis
Planting the grass carps at the beginning of 4 months, wherein the seed consumption per mu is 0.5kg, spraying a solution of 800 times of 50% carbendazim to the soil for disinfection and sterilization before sowing, applying 30 kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus base fertilizer per mu, covering the surface layer of the soil with the thickness of 1cm after sowing, controlling the soil humidity, promoting the seed germination, and transplanting the grass carps to the soil polluted by heavy metal chromium when the grass carps grow to 5 cm;
2) preparing chromium-contaminated soil:
the basic soil is selected from Sublyseius city of Heilongjiang province, no heavy metal chromium contaminated soil, the soil is dried for 8 hours at 105 deg.C, 10kg is put into a square plastic culture pot with size of 40cm × 40cm, and then sprayed with K2Cr2O7Solution, Artificial preparation of K2Cr2O7The contaminated soil is 100mg/kg, and 3 times of repeated experiments are carried out;
3) in thatAbove contains K2Cr2O7Planting the seedlings of the cuncao moss on the polluted soil, applying 0.06kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus base fertilizer per square meter, planting the plants at a spacing of 5cm, and harvesting the overground part of the cuncao moss when the plants of the cuncao moss grow to 15 cm.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1568668A (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-26 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Screening method for heavy metal enriched / accumulated plant |
| CN103011411A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-04-03 | 玉溪师范学院 | Method for repairing hexavalent chromium-containing wastewater through water planting cyperus alternifoliu |
| CN104607444A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-05-13 | 河南金谷实业发展有限公司 | Method for restoring Cr-polluted soil by utilizing cyperus rotundus L. |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1568668A (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-26 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Screening method for heavy metal enriched / accumulated plant |
| CN103011411A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-04-03 | 玉溪师范学院 | Method for repairing hexavalent chromium-containing wastewater through water planting cyperus alternifoliu |
| CN104607444A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-05-13 | 河南金谷实业发展有限公司 | Method for restoring Cr-polluted soil by utilizing cyperus rotundus L. |
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