CN203451288U - Compound ecological ditch for treating surface source sewage in village - Google Patents

Compound ecological ditch for treating surface source sewage in village Download PDF

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CN203451288U
CN203451288U CN201320536042.8U CN201320536042U CN203451288U CN 203451288 U CN203451288 U CN 203451288U CN 201320536042 U CN201320536042 U CN 201320536042U CN 203451288 U CN203451288 U CN 203451288U
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wetland
ditch
ditches
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胡将军
余芃飞
霍子平
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

一种处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠,包括格栅、沉淀调节池、单元式生态沟渠、植物栅篱和回用装置,所述单元式生态沟渠包括生态沟渠单元⑴和湿地沟渠单元⑵,两种单元交替设置,生态沟渠单元⑴和湿地沟渠单元⑵的出水处均设有拦截跌水坝⑶,所述拦截跌水坝⑶上端设有三角溢流堰,下端开设出水口并设置控水阀⑺。其优点是:本实用新型通过引入潜流式湿地沟渠单元、氮磷拦截箱、跌水溢流坝和植物栅篱等形成复合生态沟渠系统,克服现有技术中的缺陷,可稳定去除COD,提高氮磷污染物的去除率,并且防止二次污染。

Figure 201320536042

A composite ecological ditch for treating non-point source sewage in villages, including a grid, a sedimentation adjustment tank, a unit ecological ditch, a plant fence and a recycling device, and the unit ecological ditch includes an ecological ditch unit (1) and a wetland ditch unit (2), The two units are arranged alternately, and the water outlets of the ecological ditch unit ⑴ and the wetland ditch unit ⑵ are equipped with an interception drop dam ⑶, and the upper end of the interception dam ⑶ is provided with a triangular overflow weir, and the lower end is provided with a water outlet and a water control valve⑺ . Its advantages are: the utility model forms a composite ecological ditch system by introducing subsurface wetland ditch units, nitrogen and phosphorus interception boxes, falling water overflow dams and plant fences, which overcomes the defects in the prior art, can stably remove COD, and improve The removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and prevent secondary pollution.

Figure 201320536042

Description

一种处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠A compound ecological ditch for treating village non-point source sewage

技术领域 technical field

本实用新型涉及农业水土工程和污水处理领域,具体的说是一种处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠。 The utility model relates to the fields of agricultural water and soil engineering and sewage treatment, in particular to a composite ecological ditch for treating village non-point source sewage.

背景技术 Background technique

面源污水其具有面源污染的典型特点,即“排放分散、总量巨大、情况复杂”。从“十一五”阶段开始,我国投入大量财力人力展开对面源污水控制的研究和试点,在滇池、太湖、巢湖和北京地区建立起数个大型示范工程并获得大量经验和结论。在大量的研究和试点中,面源污水收集技术主要包括硬化沟渠、生态草沟和其他沟渠管路;面源污水处理工艺则包括生态塘、人工湿地、土地渗滤、生态滴滤和生态沟渠等;氮磷拦截方面则扩展出生态透水坝和前置库等技术。这些技术共同构成了我国的面源污水控制技术体系。 Non-point source sewage has the typical characteristics of non-point source pollution, that is, "scattered discharge, huge total amount, and complicated situation". Since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, my country has invested a lot of financial resources and manpower in research and pilot projects on the control of non-point source sewage. Several large-scale demonstration projects have been established in Dianchi Lake, Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Beijing, and a lot of experience and conclusions have been obtained. In a large number of research and pilot projects, non-point source sewage collection technologies mainly include hardened ditches, ecological grass ditches and other ditches; non-point source sewage treatment processes include ecological ponds, constructed wetlands, land infiltration, ecological dripping and ecological ditches In terms of nitrogen and phosphorus interception, technologies such as ecological permeable dams and front-end reservoirs have been expanded. These technologies together constitute my country's non-point source sewage control technology system.

在集中面源污水处理技术中,生态塘和人工湿地处理效率较高但占地面积较大且氮磷拦截能力不突出,造价相对较高;土地渗滤技术处理能力较强,氮磷拦截效果效果出色但是却受到堵塞和寿命较短的困扰;生物滴滤效果优良但是建设耗资大、运行费用高,性价比较低而不适宜推广;生态沟渠和其他技术相比,具有较高的处理效率和较小的占地面积、低廉的造价,还兼具水利和生态景观价值,最重要的是生态沟渠改进前景和拓展性良好,近年来得到深入的研究和发展。 Among the concentrated non-point source sewage treatment technologies, ecological ponds and constructed wetlands have higher treatment efficiency but occupy a larger area, and their nitrogen and phosphorus interception capabilities are not outstanding, and their cost is relatively high; land infiltration technology has a stronger treatment capacity, and its nitrogen and phosphorus interception effect is relatively high. The effect is excellent but it is troubled by clogging and short life; the effect of biological trickling is excellent, but the construction cost is high, the operation cost is high, the cost performance is low and it is not suitable for promotion; compared with other technologies, ecological ditches have higher treatment efficiency and Small footprint, low cost, and both water conservancy and ecological landscape value, the most important thing is that the ecological ditches have good prospects for improvement and expansion, and have been deeply researched and developed in recent years.

目前我国已经有大量新建的和经改造而成的生态沟渠,这些生态沟渠在面源污水拦截处理中起到了巨大的作用,但是在实际使用中发现了如下问题: At present, there are a large number of newly built and transformed ecological ditches in my country. These ecological ditches have played a huge role in the interception and treatment of non-point source sewage, but the following problems have been found in actual use:

(1)普通生态沟渠对COD的去除率可以达到75%以上,但是处理效率不稳定,温度和水量对处理效率的影响很大,当温度较低时生化和吸附去除效率普遍不足50%,而当暴雨、洪水来临时则几乎无法处理污水; (1) The COD removal rate of ordinary ecological ditches can reach more than 75%, but the treatment efficiency is unstable, and the temperature and water volume have a great influence on the treatment efficiency. When the temperature is low, the biochemical and adsorption removal efficiency is generally less than 50%, while When heavy rains and floods come, it is almost impossible to treat sewage;

(2)普通生态沟渠对氮磷污染物去除效率不高,普通生态沟渠主要依靠渠内的挺水植物和底泥微生物圈对氮磷污染物进行吸附和吸收,由于植物量、接触面积、反应效率和停留时间的限制,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)去除率一般维持在75%和60%左右,而且在系统吸附饱和之后处理效率还会逐渐下降; (2) Ordinary ecological ditches have low removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. Ordinary ecological ditches mainly rely on emergent plants and sediment microbial circles in the canal to adsorb and absorb nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. Due to the amount of plants, contact area, and reaction Due to the limitation of efficiency and residence time, the removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) is generally maintained at about 75% and 60%, and the treatment efficiency will gradually decrease after the system is saturated with adsorption;

(3)生态沟渠中生长的植物在吸收了大量氮磷污染物后没有得到有效的处置,在冬季或者暴雨时会将吸收的污染物以淋溶或异化的形式反释进入水体,造成二次污染。 (3) The plants growing in the ecological ditches have not been effectively disposed of after absorbing a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. During winter or heavy rain, the absorbed pollutants will be released into the water body in the form of leaching or dissimilation, causing secondary pollution. pollute.

实用新型内容 Utility model content

本实用新型的目的是提供一种稳定去除COD、提高氮磷污染物的去除率并且防止二次污染的处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠。 The purpose of the utility model is to provide a compound ecological ditch for stably removing COD, improving the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants and preventing secondary pollution for treating non-point source sewage in villages.

一种处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠,包括格栅、沉淀调节池、单元式生态沟渠、植物栅篱和回用装置,所述单元式生态沟渠包括生态沟渠单元1和湿地沟渠单元2,两种单元交替设置,生态沟渠单元1和湿地沟渠单元2的出水处均设有拦截跌水坝3,所述拦截跌水坝3上端设有三角溢流堰,下端开设出水口并设置控水阀7。 A compound ecological ditch for treating non-point source sewage in villages, including a grid, a sedimentation adjustment tank, a unit ecological ditch, a plant fence and a recycling device, the unit ecological ditch includes an ecological ditch unit 1 and a wetland ditch unit 2, The two units are arranged alternately, and the water outlets of the ecological ditch unit 1 and the wetland ditch unit 2 are equipped with an interception drop dam 3, and the upper end of the interception drop dam 3 is provided with a triangular overflow weir, and the lower end is provided with a water outlet and a water control valve 7 .

所述生态沟渠单元1,其边壁和池底种植有湿生挺水植物9,在渠底每隔1-3m错杂布设氮磷拦截箱8。 The ecological ditch unit 1 has wet emergent plants 9 planted on its side walls and the bottom of the pond, and nitrogen and phosphorus interception boxes 8 are interspersedly arranged at intervals of 1-3m at the bottom of the ditch.

所述氮磷拦截箱8内部填有钢渣,外表面为塑料或金属土工格网。 The nitrogen and phosphorus interception box 8 is filled with steel slag, and the outer surface is plastic or metal geogrid.

所述湿地沟渠单元2,包括多层生态滤料5,生态滤料5上表面种植有湿地植物4;所述生态滤料5的各层滤料按照从上至下粒径逐渐减小的顺序设置。 The wetland ditch unit 2 includes a multi-layer ecological filter material 5, and wetland plants 4 are planted on the upper surface of the ecological filter material 5; the filter materials of each layer of the ecological filter material 5 are in the order of decreasing particle size from top to bottom set up.

所述单元式生态沟渠左右两侧设有植物栅篱,植物栅篱包括卵石带10、湿生草本挺水植物11和湿地乔灌木12,所述卵石带10具有3-10%的坡度,卵石带10向外2米范围内密植湿生草本挺水植物11和湿地乔灌木12。 The left and right sides of the unitized ecological ditch are provided with a plant fence, and the plant fence includes a pebble belt 10, wet herbaceous emergent plants 11 and wetland trees and shrubs 12, and the pebble belt 10 has a slope of 3-10%. Wet herbaceous emergent plants 11 and wetland trees and shrubs 12 are densely planted within the range of 2 meters from the belt 10.

所述湿生挺水植物9和湿生草本挺水植物11,包括但不限于芦苇、香蒲、水菖蒲、美人蕉。 The wet emergent plants 9 and wet herbaceous emergent plants 11 include but are not limited to reeds, cattails, water calamus, and cannas.

所述湿地乔灌木12,包括但不限于蒲棒、木槿、凤尾兰、紫藤。 The wetland trees and shrubs 12 include, but are not limited to, dandelion, hibiscus, phoenix, and wisteria.

本实用新型是这样实现的:污水依次交替经过单元式生态沟渠中的生态沟渠单元和湿地沟渠单元,在这一过程中完成对污水主要污染物的去除。 The utility model is realized in the following way: the sewage alternately passes through the ecological ditch unit and the wetland ditch unit in the unit ecological ditch, and the main pollutants of the sewage are removed in this process.

污水在生态沟渠单元中呈现满流状态,由于沟渠水平构筑无落差和氮磷拦截箱、渠底挺水植物的拦挡和黏滞作用,污水在该单元内流速缓慢而均匀。通过沉淀作用,污水中的悬浮颗粒物(SS)进一步携带颗粒有机污染物沉淀、凝聚在渠底和侧壁的挺水植物群落和底泥上。底泥中和水中的的活性菌胶团、水栖微生物通过较大的比表面积吸附有机污染物并在好氧环境下通过新陈代谢将有机污染物吸收、转化、同化为生物质完成对生化需氧量(BOD)的去除;而挺水植物和依附其生长的根际生物圈则通过根系吸附、协同作用吸附水中的含氮污染物和部分含磷污染物,并分别通过硝化反应、反硝化反应、吸磷释磷反应转化为氮气和有机磷完成去除;水中的氮磷拦截箱内部填充钢渣,首先通过钢渣的多孔结构吸附污水中的小颗粒污染物,再通过钢渣中大量的氧化钙(CaO)、氧化铝(Al2O3)和氧化铁(Fe2O3)等活性成分快速与污水中的无极磷形成羟基磷酸钙等稳定的磷化物并沉积于钢渣表面,仅需15min即可完成强化除磷的化学过程,在钢渣吸附饱和后,拦截箱仍旧保有较大的比表面积和多孔结构,仍可作为生物滤料通过微生物附着完成污水黏滞和处理,同时表面沉积大量磷化物有助于生物稳定生长和繁盛。该单元出水通过溢流跌水坝进入湿地沟渠单元。 The sewage in the ecological ditch unit is in a full flow state. Due to the horizontal construction of the ditch with no drop and the blocking and sticking effects of the nitrogen and phosphorus interception box and the emergent plants at the bottom of the canal, the flow rate of the sewage in the unit is slow and uniform. Through sedimentation, suspended solids (SS) in sewage further carry particulate organic pollutants to precipitate and condense on the emergent plant communities and sediment at the bottom and side walls of the canal. The active bacterial micelles and aquatic microorganisms in the sediment and in the water absorb organic pollutants through a large specific surface area, and absorb, transform, and assimilate organic pollutants into biomass through metabolism in an aerobic environment to complete the biochemical oxygen demand. Emergent plants and the rhizosphere biosphere attached to them absorb nitrogen-containing pollutants and some phosphorus-containing pollutants in the water through root adsorption and synergistic effect, and respectively through nitrification, denitrification, Phosphorus absorption and release phosphorus reaction is transformed into nitrogen and organic phosphorus to complete the removal; the nitrogen and phosphorus interception box in the water is filled with steel slag, firstly through the porous structure of steel slag to absorb small particle pollutants in sewage, and then through a large amount of calcium oxide (CaO) in steel slag Active components such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) quickly form stable phosphides such as calcium hydroxyphosphate with the infinite phosphorus in sewage and deposit on the surface of steel slag, and the strengthening can be completed in only 15 minutes In the chemical process of phosphorus removal, after the adsorption and saturation of steel slag, the interception box still maintains a large specific surface area and porous structure, and can still be used as a biological filter material to complete sewage viscosity and treatment through microbial attachment. At the same time, a large amount of phosphide deposited on the surface is helpful The organism grows and flourishes steadily. The unit effluent enters the wetland ditch unit through the overflow drop dam.

污水在跌水进入湿地沟渠单元前通过形成水幕和冲击鼓泡完成复氧过程,随后直接淋入生态滤料中。污水在生态滤料层中呈现水平、垂直复合潜流态。首先通过各层生态滤料的阻截和筛除作用分别拦截不同粒径的有机污染物颗粒,再由滤料和滤料中附生的微生物吸附并通过微生物新陈代谢将其转化去除。在这一过程中,滤料表面的湿地植物群落一方面可以通过发达的根系强化复氧和扩大湿地总生物量,另一方面根系生物圈可以完成对氮磷污染物的吸附、吸收、转化并补充深层滤料中的生物量,使得该单元形成“挺水植物-微型水栖动物-微生物群落”的完善生态圈。该单元出水由溢流跌水坝下端的出水口处水,进入下一单元。 Before the sewage falls into the wetland ditch unit, the reoxygenation process is completed by forming a water curtain and impact bubbling, and then directly poured into the ecological filter material. Sewage presents a horizontal and vertical compound underflow state in the ecological filter material layer. Firstly, organic pollutant particles of different particle sizes are intercepted through the blocking and screening functions of each layer of ecological filter materials, and then they are adsorbed by the filter materials and the attached microorganisms in the filter materials and transformed and removed through microbial metabolism. In this process, the wetland plant community on the surface of the filter material can strengthen reoxygenation and expand the total biomass of the wetland through the developed root system on the one hand, and on the other hand, the root biosphere can complete the adsorption, absorption, transformation and replenishment of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. The biomass in the deep filter material makes the unit form a complete ecological circle of "emergent plants-miniature aquatic animals-microbial communities". The unit effluent enters the next unit from the water outlet at the lower end of the overflow drop dam.

本实用新型处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠的优点是:本发明通过引入潜流式湿地沟渠单元、氮磷拦截箱、跌水溢流坝和植物栅篱等形成复合生态沟渠系统,克服现有技术中的缺陷; The utility model has the advantages of a composite ecological ditch for treating village non-point source sewage: the present invention forms a composite ecological ditch system by introducing subsurface wetland ditch units, nitrogen and phosphorus interception boxes, falling water overflow dams and plant fences, etc., which overcomes the existing defects in technology;

交替式设置普通生态沟渠单元和湿地沟渠单元,不仅可以通过调节不同单元出水方式强化系统对水质水量冲击的适应性,而且保证污水通过两个相邻单元时,依次处于好氧和贫氧的状态,这种氧含量的交替变化有利于氮磷污染物的脱除。同时通过跌水和植物根系的复氧和普通生态沟渠单元的沉淀作用,保证复合生态沟渠单元不易堵塞,降低系统故障率。同时,两个单元构筑形态相同,可以根据季节、温度、水量水质的变化自由更换各种单元配置以达到最佳处理效果; Alternately setting common ecological ditch units and wetland ditch units can not only strengthen the adaptability of the system to the impact of water quality and quantity by adjusting the water outlet methods of different units, but also ensure that when the sewage passes through two adjacent units, it is in a state of aerobic and anaerobic in sequence , this alternating change of oxygen content is beneficial to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. At the same time, through the reoxygenation of falling water and plant roots and the precipitation of ordinary ecological ditch units, it is ensured that the composite ecological ditch unit is not easy to block and the system failure rate is reduced. At the same time, the two units have the same construction form, and various unit configurations can be freely replaced according to changes in seasons, temperature, and water quality to achieve the best treatment effect;

植物栅篱沿生态沟渠建设,卵石带和密植植物带紧邻生态沟渠设置,一方面充当生态护坡保护生态沟渠,同时当生态沟渠水量满溢或洪水到来时,植物栅篱可以与生态沟渠形成湿地缓冲带,固土防洪并阻止污水外流造成二次污染;而在暴雨时,植物栅篱不仅可以通过卵石带和植物根系茎叶的拦阻作用避免暴雨夹带异物进入沟渠造成堵塞或污染,也可以均匀缓冲暴雨水量,保护生态沟渠系统。植物栅篱和生态沟渠单元组成的伴生系统可以形成较为高等的生态群落,强化污水处理的同时还可以形成良好的沿岸生态景观,调节当地水土气候。 The plant fence is built along the ecological ditch, and the pebble belt and the densely planted plant belt are set up next to the ecological ditch. On the one hand, it acts as an ecological slope protection to protect the ecological ditch. At the same time, when the ecological ditch overflows or floods come, the plant fence can form a wetland buffer with the ecological ditch. During the rainstorm, the plant fence can not only prevent the rainstorm from carrying foreign matter into the ditch and cause blockage or pollution through the blocking effect of the pebble belt and plant roots, stems and leaves, but also can evenly buffer Rainstorm water volume, protection of ecological ditch system. The associated system composed of plant fences and ecological ditch units can form a relatively high-level ecological community, while strengthening sewage treatment, it can also form a good coastal ecological landscape and regulate the local water, soil and climate.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本实用新型处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a composite ecological ditch for treating village non-point source sewage according to the utility model.

图2为湿地沟渠单元的截面结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a wetland ditch unit.

图中,1为生态沟渠单元,2为湿地沟渠单元,3为拦截跌水坝,4为湿地植物,5为生态滤料,6为防渗混凝土,7为控水阀,8为氮磷拦截箱,9为湿生挺水植物,10为卵石带,11为湿生草本挺水植物,12为湿地乔灌木。 In the figure, 1 is an ecological ditch unit, 2 is a wetland ditch unit, 3 is an interception drop dam, 4 is a wetland plant, 5 is an ecological filter material, 6 is an anti-seepage concrete, 7 is a water control valve, and 8 is a nitrogen and phosphorus interception box , 9 are wet emergent plants, 10 are pebble belts, 11 are wet herbaceous emergent plants, and 12 are wetland trees and shrubs.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图,对本实用新型进行进一步说明:  Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described:

本实用新型处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠,包括格栅、沉淀调节池、单元式生态沟渠、植物栅篱和回用装置,经过管渠收集的村湾污水和灌溉排水等进入系统,依次经过格栅、沉淀调节池、单元式生态沟渠和回用装置后回用或排放。 The utility model is a composite ecological ditch for treating non-point source sewage in villages, including grilles, sedimentation adjustment tanks, unit ecological ditches, plant fences and recycling devices. Village bay sewage and irrigation and drainage collected through pipes and canals enter the system, which are successively Reuse or discharge after passing through grilles, sedimentation adjustment tanks, unitized ecological ditches and recycling devices.

所述格栅、沉淀调节池由混凝土构筑为一体化方形池,格栅栅距2-10mm,沉淀调节池深度1.5m,铺设HDPE防渗膜。格栅通过滤除作用出去污水中的漂浮物和大颗粒垃圾。沉淀调节池一方面稳定污水水质水量,悬浮物(SS)得以沉淀,同时通过较长的停留时间形成兼性厌氧的条件,通过兼性微生物的生化作用将污水中的大颗粒有机污染物水解酸化为小颗粒有机物,降低污水生化需氧量(BOD)并提升污水可生化性,完成与处理的污水通过溢流堰进入复合生态沟渠单元进行净化处理。 The grid and the sedimentation adjustment tank are constructed as an integrated square pool by concrete, the grid distance is 2-10mm, the depth of the sedimentation adjustment tank is 1.5m, and the HDPE anti-seepage membrane is laid. The grille removes floating matter and large particles of garbage in the sewage through filtering. On the one hand, the sedimentation adjustment tank stabilizes the water quality and quantity of the sewage, and the suspended solids (SS) can be precipitated. At the same time, a facultative anaerobic condition is formed through a long residence time, and the large-particle organic pollutants in the sewage are hydrolyzed through the biochemical action of facultative microorganisms. Acidification into small particles of organic matter reduces the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of sewage and improves the biodegradability of sewage. The completed and treated sewage enters the compound ecological ditch unit through the overflow weir for purification treatment.

所述单元式生态沟渠,包括生态沟渠单元1和湿地沟渠单元2(如图1所示),两种单元交替连接。每个单元末端设置拦截跌水坝3,上端修筑三角溢流堰,下端开出水口并设置控水阀7;如有必要,拦截跌水坝3中部也可以开出水口。 The unitized ecological ditch includes an ecological ditch unit 1 and a wetland ditch unit 2 (as shown in FIG. 1 ), and the two units are connected alternately. The end of each unit is provided with an intercepting dam 3, a triangular overflow weir is built at the upper end, and a water outlet is opened at the lower end and a water control valve 7 is set; if necessary, the middle part of the intercepting dam 3 can also be opened with a water outlet.

生态沟渠单元1由防渗混凝土6构筑,截面为上大下小的倒梯形,渠下端宽0.5-1.0m,渠深0.5m,边壁倾角60o,敷设环保花砖。渠长度根据当地地势变化取3-10m不等。 The ecological ditch unit 1 is constructed of anti-seepage concrete 6 , the cross-section is an inverted trapezoid with a large upper part and a smaller lower part. The lower end of the ditch is 0.5-1.0 m wide, the ditch is 0.5 m deep, and the side walls are inclined at an angle of 60 o . Environmentally friendly tiles are laid. The length of the canal varies from 3-10m according to the change of local terrain.

生态沟渠单元1,在边壁和池底人工种植土著湿生挺水植物9,在渠底每隔1.5m错杂布设内填钢渣的格笼形成氮磷拦截箱8;氮磷拦截箱8尺寸为0.5m×0.5m×0.3m的长方体结构。 Ecological ditch unit 1, artificially plant native wet-growing emergent plants 9 on the side wall and the bottom of the pool, and arrange grid cages filled with steel slag every 1.5m at the bottom of the canal to form a nitrogen and phosphorus interception box 8; the size of the nitrogen and phosphorus interception box 8 is Cuboid structure of 0.5m×0.5m×0.3m.

氮磷拦截箱8表面为塑料或金属土工格网,内部可填充钢渣或改性钢渣174kg。按照生态沟渠系统日处理水量50m3,水中含磷量20mg/L并去除90%,钢渣吸附饱和量为2.5mg/L来计算,每只拦截箱使用约2年达到吸附饱和。在达到饱和之后可以立即更换拦截箱,亦可使其沉滞水中作为生态填料作为微生物营养基使用。 The surface of the nitrogen and phosphorus interception box 8 is plastic or metal geogrid, and 174kg of steel slag or modified steel slag can be filled inside. Calculated according to the daily water treatment volume of the ecological ditch system is 50m 3 , the phosphorus content in the water is 20mg/L and 90% is removed, and the adsorption saturation of steel slag is 2.5mg/L. Each interception box is used for about 2 years to reach adsorption saturation. After reaching saturation, the interception box can be replaced immediately, and it can also be used as an ecological filler in stagnant water as a microbial nutrient base.

所述湿地沟渠单元2,如附图2所示:填满砾石、陶粒和煤渣组成的多层生态滤料5,由上至下粒径由15mm减小至3mm。 The wetland ditch unit 2, as shown in Figure 2, is filled with a multi-layer ecological filter material 5 composed of gravel, ceramsite and cinder, and the particle size is reduced from 15mm to 3mm from top to bottom.

生态滤料5表面种植土著湿地植物4,如有必要可以使用人工营养基。 Indigenous wetland plants 4 are planted on the surface of the ecological filter material 5, and an artificial nutrient base can be used if necessary.

植物栅篱截面图如附图2所示:卵石带10宽度0.5m,使用粒径3-10cm卵石铺设,并保持3%-10%的坡度。由包括卵石带10向外2m范围内密植湿生草本挺水植物11和湿地乔灌木12,共同构成植物栅篱。植物栅篱沿生态沟渠建设,卵石带10和密植植物带紧邻生态沟渠设置,一方面充当生态护坡保护生态沟渠,同时当生态沟渠水量满溢或洪水到来时,植物栅篱可以与生态沟渠形成湿地缓冲带,固土防洪并阻止污水外流造成二次污染;而在暴雨时,植物栅篱不仅可以通过卵石带和植物根系茎叶的拦阻作用避免暴雨夹带异物进入沟渠造成堵塞或污染,也可以均匀缓冲暴雨水量,保护生态沟渠系统。植物栅篱和生态沟渠单元组成的伴生系统可以形成较为高等的生态群落,强化污水处理的同时还可以形成良好的沿岸生态景观,调节当地水土气候。 The sectional view of the plant fence is shown in Figure 2: the width of the pebble strip 10 is 0.5m, and it is paved with pebbles with a particle size of 3-10cm, and a slope of 3%-10% is maintained. A plant fence is formed by densely planting wet herbaceous emergent plants 11 and wetland trees and shrubs 12 within a range of 2 m outward from the pebble belt 10 . The plant fence is built along the ecological ditch, and the pebble belt 10 and the densely planted plant belt are set up next to the ecological ditch. On the one hand, it acts as an ecological slope protection to protect the ecological ditch. At the same time, when the ecological ditch overflows or the flood comes, the plant fence can form a wetland with the ecological ditch. The buffer zone can fix the soil and prevent floods and prevent secondary pollution caused by the outflow of sewage; during heavy rains, the plant fence can not only prevent foreign matter from the rainstorm from entering the ditch and cause blockage or pollution through the blocking effect of the pebble belt and plant roots, stems and leaves, but also can evenly Buffer the amount of storm water and protect the ecological ditch system. The associated system composed of plant fences and ecological ditch units can form a relatively high-level ecological community, while strengthening sewage treatment, it can also form a good coastal ecological landscape and regulate the local water, soil and climate.

特别的,本实用新型中的挺水植物包括芦苇、香蒲、水菖蒲、美人蕉及当地土著植物,灌木则包括蒲棒、木槿、凤尾兰、紫藤等。选种尽量增加土著植物比例并避免引入湿地植物破坏当地现有生态平衡,种植比例根据当地条件确定。 In particular, the emergent plants in the present invention include reeds, cattails, water calamus, cannas and local indigenous plants, and shrubs include cattails, hibiscus, phoenix, wisteria and the like. The selection of species should maximize the proportion of native plants and avoid introducing wetland plants to destroy the existing local ecological balance. The proportion of planting is determined according to local conditions.

本实用新型处理村落面源污水的复合生态沟渠可末端设置溢流堰,分别连接值农田灌溉塘渠和收纳水体并设置分流堰,在旱季时尾水排入塘渠回用,雨季时直接排放进入自然水体。有条件的地区亦可增设人工湿地、前置库系统进行对污水深度处理。 In the utility model, the compound ecological ditches for treating non-point source sewage in villages can be equipped with overflow weirs at the end, which are respectively connected to farmland irrigation ponds and receiving water bodies and set up diversion weirs. The tail water is discharged into the ponds and ditches for reuse in the dry season, and directly discharged in the rainy season. into natural bodies of water. Constructed wetlands and pre-storage systems can also be added in areas where conditions permit for advanced treatment of sewage.

在每年秋季,需要将复合生态沟渠单元和植物栅篱的植物进行收割,并通过厌氧堆肥、禽畜喂养、经济植物深加工将植物进行处置,以防止氮磷污染物二次污染,同时实现环境经济效益回馈于民。 In the autumn of each year, the plants of the compound ecological ditch unit and the plant fence need to be harvested, and the plants should be disposed of through anaerobic composting, livestock feeding, and deep processing of economic plants to prevent secondary pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and at the same time achieve environmental protection. The economic benefits are given back to the people.

Claims (5)

1. the complex ecological irrigation canals and ditches of processing face source, village sewage, comprise grid, sedimentary adjustive pool, modular ecological canal, hedgerow plant and reclamation set, it is characterized in that: described modular ecological canal comprise ecological canal unit (1) with wetland irrigation canals and ditches unit (2), two kinds of units alternately settings, (1) (3) water outlet place is (2) equipped with interception drop dam with wetland irrigation canals and ditches unit in ecological canal unit, (3) described interception drop dam is provided with triangle overflow weir in upper end, and lower end sets out the mouth of a river and water control valve is set (7).
2. the complex ecological irrigation canals and ditches of face source, processing as claimed in claim 1 village sewage, is characterized in that: at the bottom of described ecological canal unit ⑴,Qi Bian Bi and pond, (9) kind is implanted with humidogene emergent, at the bottom of canal, every the mixed laying nitrogen of 1-3m phosphorus, tackle case (8).
3. the complex ecological irrigation canals and ditches of face source, processing as claimed in claim 2 village sewage, is characterized in that: (8) described nitrogen phosphorus interception case is filled with slag in inside, and outside surface is plastics or metal geotechnique graticule mesh.
4. the complex ecological irrigation canals and ditches of face source, processing as claimed in claim 1 village sewage, is characterized in that: (5) (2) described wetland irrigation canals and ditches unit, comprise Multi-layer ecological filtrate, and (4) ecological filtrate (5) upper surface kind is implanted with wetland plant; Described ecological filtrate each metafiltration material is (5) according to particle diameter reduces gradually from top to bottom order setting.
5. the complex ecological irrigation canals and ditches of face source, processing as claimed in claim 1 village sewage, it is characterized in that: the described modular ecological canal left and right sides is provided with hedgerow plant, hedgerow plant comprise cobble band (10), humidogene draft emergent (11) with wetland shrub (12), (10) described cobble band has the gradient of 3-10%, cobble band (10) within the scope of outside 2 meters dense planting humidogene draft emergent (11) with wetland shrub (12).
CN201320536042.8U 2013-08-30 2013-08-30 Compound ecological ditch for treating surface source sewage in village Expired - Fee Related CN203451288U (en)

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