CN113718713A - Urban and rural ground surface ditch reconstruction method with interception function and interception and purification assembly - Google Patents

Urban and rural ground surface ditch reconstruction method with interception function and interception and purification assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113718713A
CN113718713A CN202110984065.4A CN202110984065A CN113718713A CN 113718713 A CN113718713 A CN 113718713A CN 202110984065 A CN202110984065 A CN 202110984065A CN 113718713 A CN113718713 A CN 113718713A
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ditch
channel
intercepting
box
arm
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CN113718713B (en
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郭晓娅
杨枫
殷勤
王幸智
冯慧娟
王思宇
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Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • E02B5/02—Making or lining canals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
    • E02B5/085—Arresting devices for waterborne materials, e.g. gratings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for modifying an urban and rural surface ditch with an intercepting function and an intercepting and purifying assembly, wherein the method comprises the steps of trimming and reinforcing an original ditch, prefabricating the channel according to the original ditch, then installing the prefabricated channel in the ditch, reinforcing, finally planting ecological plants in the channel, and transforming and absorbing pollutants in sewage by utilizing the ecological plants to realize the intercepting and purifying effects of the sewage; the interception and purification assembly comprises an interception box, a collection box, a purification assembly and a cleaning assembly; the intercepting box is provided with water through holes, the collecting box is arranged on two sides of the intercepting box, the purifying assembly is arranged inside the intercepting box, the cleaning assembly comprises a cleaning motor and a movable scraper, the cleaning motor is arranged on the intercepting box, the movable scraper is clamped on the intercepting box, and the cleaning motor provides power for the movable scraper; the invention can effectively improve the ecological environment of urban and rural areas, promote the development of urban and rural economy and is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Description

Urban and rural ground surface ditch reconstruction method with interception function and interception and purification assembly
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a method for transforming an urban and rural surface ditch with an interception function and an interception and purification assembly.
Background
Along with the increase of urban population and rural people living standard, the contradiction between urban environmental pollution and economic development becomes more and more prominent, wherein water pollution becomes public nuisance for the sustainable development of cities and towns. The source of water pollution can be divided into two categories of point source pollution and surface source pollution, and the point source pollution formed by the emission of large and medium-sized enterprises belongs to the treatment range in the enterprises; and the treatment difficulty of urban domestic sewage, a small amount of sewage discharged by small-sized enterprises, agricultural fertilization and non-point source pollution caused by pesticide application is higher. At present, most of cities and countryside of China are suffering from non-point source sewage pollution of different degrees, including pollution of urban domestic sewage, sewage discharged by small enterprises, farmland non-point source sewage and the like.
The earth surface ditch is a main conveying way for domestic and production sewage of urban and rural residents at present, and then, the existing earth surface ditch for urban and rural areas has the phenomena of weed cluster, unsmooth water flow and even blockage due to lack of daily maintenance; and a part of ditches are reformed into concrete hard ditches, but the hard ditches cannot provide habitats for ecological plants and microorganisms, so that the ditches only have the capability of draining water, and cannot intercept and purify sewage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for transforming an earth surface ditch for urban and rural areas and an interception and purification assembly, which are favorable for improving the ecological environment of the urban and rural areas and have an interception function.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a land surface ditch reconstruction method for urban and rural areas with an interception function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, trimming the trench;
s1-1, removing impurities and vegetation in the original ditch, trimming the original ditch to a width of 50-80cm, a depth of 70-130cm and a slope ratio of 1:1-1.8, wherein the cross section of the trimmed ditch is of a trapezoidal structure;
s1-2, tamping the trimmed ditches, and reinforcing concrete at the loose position of soil inside the ditches;
s2, reinforcing the ditch;
s2-1, paving a composite fiber net on the inner surface of the ditch processed in the step S1-2, wherein the two sides of the composite fiber net are 20-45cm higher than the top of the ditch, and anchoring the composite fiber net and the top of the ditch;
s2-2, supporting the mold in the ditch, wherein the mold is adapted to the structure of the ditch, and the distance between the mold and the inner wall of the ditch is adjusted to be 15-25 cm;
s2-3, filling a matrix into a gap between the mold and the ditch, vibrating and tamping the matrix, maintaining for 5-8 days, and then removing the mold; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing ceramsite, slag, biochar, composite portland cement and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1:4: 2;
s3, prefabricating channels;
s3-1, designing a channel bottom template and a channel arm template which are adaptive to the channel size after being processed in the step S2-3, respectively installing horizontal and vertical reinforcing steel bars in the channel bottom template and the channel arm template, pouring concrete into each channel bottom template and each channel arm template, and removing the templates after the concrete is completely solidified to obtain a corresponding channel bottom plate and a corresponding arm protection plate; wherein the lengths of the ditch bottom plate and the arm protecting plate are both 80-210 cm;
s3-2, uniformly forming breeding holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate obtained in the step S3-1, wherein the interval between every two adjacent breeding holes on the same channel bottom plate and the same arm protecting plate is 25-45 cm; then, arranging installation clamping grooves on two sides of the channel bottom plate, and simultaneously arranging reinforcing holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate;
s4, channel installation;
s4-1, flatly paving the ditch bottom plate obtained in the step S3-2 on the bottom in the ditch processed in the step S2-3, then installing arm protection plates in the installation clamping grooves on the two sides of the ditch bottom plate, enabling the arm protection plates to be tightly attached to the side walls of the ditch, finally drilling holes in the matrix through the reinforcing holes in the ditch bottom plate and the arm protection plates, and pouring by using concrete; completing the installation of a section of channel;
s4-2, repeating the operation of the step S4-1 until all channels in the ditch are paved, and then filling clay into the joint of two adjacent channels;
s5, planting plants;
planting ecological plants in the cultivation holes of the channel installed in the step S4-2; submerged plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the ditch bottom plate, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the armguard plate.
Further, in the step S3-1, in the arm guard plate preparation process, a planting bar is reserved at one end, after the step S4-2 is completed, the planting bars on each arm guard plate are pre-pressed to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then vertical steel bars are laid, concrete is cast to form a gallery, the width of the gallery is 30-60cm, and the gallery is 10-20cm higher than the ground; through setting up the corridor, can improve the stability of being connected between channel and the original irrigation canals and ditches on the one hand, on the other hand can avoid earth's surface earth to get into the channel under the rainwash effect to improve the stability of channel blowdown function.
Further, after the step S4-2 is finished, arranging a buffering ball cage inside the channel, wherein the outside of the buffering ball cage is wrapped by an anticorrosive fiber net, stones with the particle size of 2-5cm are filled inside the buffering ball cage, and the height of the buffering ball cage is 15-30 cm; through setting up the buffering ball cage, not only can intercept the pollutant of the inside silt of channel, can reduce the velocity of flow of rivers in the channel moreover to the time of action of ecological plant to sewage is prolonged, improves the water purification ability of channel.
Further, in the step S2-3, the particle size of the ceramsite is 1-3cm, the particle size of the slag is 2-5cm, and the particle size of the biochar is 0.1-0.3 cm; by filling the ceramsite, the slag and the biochar with different particle sizes, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, and meanwhile, the carbon source is put into the sewage through the biochar to promote the denitrification process in the sewage.
Further, before the step S1-2, an underdrain is dug in the trimmed ditch land, the cross section of the underdrain is of a rectangular structure with the side length of 10-20cm, an anti-corrosion drain pipe is paved inside the underdrain, and soil is backfilled on the surface of the anti-corrosion drain pipe; the diversion of underground water is realized through the underdrain, and the influence of underground undercurrent on the structural stability of the channel is avoided.
Further, in the step S4-2, the installed channel is in a wave shape, and the cultivation holes at the bottom of the channel are distributed in an S shape; the wavy channel and the S-shaped cultivation holes can greatly reduce the water flow speed, thereby being beneficial to the deposition of suspended substances and particles in sewage and being beneficial to the decomposition of ecological plants to pollutants.
Further, in the step S2-3, a mixed microbial agent with the total mass of 0.8-4.5% is added into the matrix, and the mixed microbial agent is formed by mixing dephosphorizing and denitriding paracoccus bacteria, flocculation bacteria agrobacterium and COD degrading bacteria bacillus according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 1; by adding the mixed microbial agent, organic pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sewage are converted by using microorganisms, so that the absorption and utilization of ecological plants are promoted.
An earth surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with an intercepting function for urban and rural areas comprises an intercepting box, a collecting box, a purifying assembly and a cleaning assembly; the interception frame is of a hollow cubic structure, the upper end of the interception frame is open, water through holes are formed in the front end and the rear end of the interception box, and sliding frames are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the front end face of the interception frame; the two collecting boxes are provided, one ends of the two collecting boxes are open and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the intercepting box, after the two collecting boxes and the intercepting box are spliced, the cross sections of the two collecting boxes are adaptive to the cross section of the channel, the interior of each collecting box is slidably clamped with a salvaging box, and a hoisting block is arranged at the top of each salvaging box; the purification assembly comprises 2-4 filter screens and a stuffing box, wherein the 2-4 filter screens are vertically arranged in the interception box and are respectively clamped with the inner wall of the interception box in a sliding manner through a filter screen frame, the stuffing box is arranged between two adjacent filter screens, and purified water stuffing is filled in the stuffing box; the cleaning assembly comprises a cleaning motor and movable scrapers, the cleaning motor is arranged on one sliding frame, a driving lead screw is arranged on an output shaft of the cleaning motor, the driving lead screw penetrates through the sliding frame, the number of the movable scrapers is 2-4, two ends of each movable scraper are connected with the two sliding frames in a sliding and clamping mode through sliding blocks respectively, and the sliding blocks at one end of each movable scraper are in threaded connection with the driving lead screw.
Furthermore, the opening ends of the two collecting boxes are respectively provided with an elastic sealing plate, one side of each elastic sealing plate is fixedly connected with the collecting box, the other side of each elastic sealing plate is movably hinged with the bottom of the collecting box through a movable rod, the upper end of the collecting box is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate, and the movable rods are in sliding clamping connection with the arc-shaped guide plates; through setting up the elastic sealing plate, can avoid salvaging the revealing of case promotion in-process pollutant.
Furthermore, 3-6 anchoring cones are movably clamped at the bottom of the intercepting box through an adjusting groove, and the movably arranged anchoring cones are convenient for adjusting the positions of the anchoring cones according to the positions of the cultivation holes on the channel bottom plate, so that the stability of connection between the intercepting box and a channel is improved.
The operating principle of the interception and purification component is as follows: when the device is used, the position of the anchoring cone is adjusted according to the position of the cultivation hole on the channel bottom plate, and then the interception box and the channel bottom plate are fixed; at the moment, the two collecting boxes are tightly attached to the arm protecting plates on the two sides of the channel, and the opening ends of the collecting boxes face the water inlet direction; sewage enters the interior of the intercepting box through a water passing hole at the front end of the intercepting box, then sequentially passes through the filter screen and the purified water filler, and finally flows out through the water passing hole at the rear end of the intercepting box, large-particle pollutants in the sewage are firstly intercepted by the filter screen, and then are further intercepted and purified by microorganisms attached to the purified water filler; the driving screw rod is driven to rotate by the cleaning motor, so that pollutants staying at the front end of the intercepting box are scraped and cleaned by the movable scrapers under the action of the sliding block, and the pollutants are salvaged by the fishing box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the ecological ditch with the cultivation holes is improved, and emergent plants and submerged plants with pollutant adsorption capacity are planted correspondingly, so that the urban and rural sewage is intercepted and purified, the load of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients is reduced, and the inner diameter flow load of the ditch is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the ditch after being transformed by the method effectively improves the pollution self-cleaning capability of the ditch and the landscape beautifying effect of the ditch; the gallery is arranged, so that the connection stability between the channel and the original ditch can be improved, earth on the ground can be prevented from entering the channel under the action of rainwater washing, and the stability of the sewage discharge function of the channel is improved; by arranging the buffering ball cage in the channel, not only can the pollutants of the silt in the channel be intercepted, but also the flow velocity of water flow in the channel can be reduced, so that the acting time of ecological plants on sewage is prolonged, and the water purifying capacity of the channel is improved; the wave-shaped channels and the S-shaped cultivation holes can greatly reduce the water flow speed, thereby being beneficial to the deposition of suspended substances and particles in sewage and being beneficial to the decomposition of ecological plants on pollutants; meanwhile, the invention adds a mixed microbial agent which is formed by mixing the dephosphorizing and denitriding bacteria paracoccus, the flocculating bacteria agrobacterium and the COD degrading bacteria bacillus into the matrix; the microorganism is utilized to convert organic pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sewage, thereby promoting the absorption and utilization of ecological plants, further reducing the concentration of the pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sewage and improving the living environment of urban and rural residents.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a channel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of the intercepting purge module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the intercepting purification module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of the intercepting purge assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of the anchoring cones of the present invention on an intercept box;
the device comprises a blocking box 1, a water passing hole 10, a sliding frame 11, an anchoring cone 12, an adjusting groove 120, a collecting box 2, a fishing box 20, a hoisting block 200, an elastic sealing plate 21, a movable rod 210, an arc guide plate 22, a purifying component 3, a filtering net 30, a filtering net frame 300, a stuffing box 31, a cleaning component 4, a cleaning motor 40, a driving screw 400, a movable scraper 41 and a sliding block 410.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a land surface ditch reconstruction method with an intercepting function for urban and rural areas comprises the following steps:
s1, trimming the trench;
s1-1, removing impurities and vegetation in the original ditch, trimming the original ditch to a width of 50cm, a depth of 70cm and a side slope ratio of 1:1, wherein the cross section of the trimmed ditch is of a trapezoidal structure;
s1-2, tamping the trimmed ditches, and reinforcing concrete at the loose position of soil inside the ditches;
s2, reinforcing the ditch;
s2-1, paving a composite fiber net on the inner surface of the ditch processed in the step S1-2, wherein the two sides of the composite fiber net are 20cm higher than the top of the ditch, and anchoring the composite fiber net and the top of the ditch;
s2-2, supporting the mold in the ditch, wherein the mold is adaptive to the structure of the ditch, and the distance between the mold and the inner wall of the ditch is adjusted to be 15 cm;
s2-3, filling a matrix into a gap between the mold and the ditch, vibrating and tamping the matrix, and dismantling the mold after curing for 5 days; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing ceramsite, slag, biochar, composite portland cement and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1:4: 2; the grain size of the ceramsite is 1-2cm, the grain size of the slag is 2-4cm, and the grain size of the biochar is 0.1-0.2 cm; by filling the ceramsite, the slag and the biochar with different particle sizes, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, and meanwhile, a carbon source is put into the sewage through the biochar to promote the denitrification process in the sewage;
s3, prefabricating channels;
s3-1, designing a channel bottom template and a channel arm template which are adaptive to the channel size after being processed in the step S2-3, respectively installing horizontal and vertical reinforcing steel bars in the channel bottom template and the channel arm template, pouring concrete into each channel bottom template and each channel arm template, and removing the templates after the concrete is completely solidified to obtain a corresponding channel bottom plate and a corresponding arm protection plate; wherein the lengths of the ditch bottom plate and the arm protecting plate are both 80 cm;
s3-2, uniformly forming breeding holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate obtained in the step S3-1, wherein the interval between every two adjacent breeding holes on the same channel bottom plate and the same arm protecting plate is 25 cm; then, arranging installation clamping grooves on two sides of the channel bottom plate, and simultaneously arranging reinforcing holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate;
s4, channel installation;
s4-1, flatly paving the ditch bottom plate obtained in the step S3-2 on the bottom in the ditch processed in the step S2-3, then installing arm protection plates in the installation clamping grooves on the two sides of the ditch bottom plate, enabling the arm protection plates to be tightly attached to the side walls of the ditch, finally drilling holes in the matrix through the reinforcing holes in the ditch bottom plate and the arm protection plates, and pouring by using concrete; completing the installation of a section of channel;
s4-2, repeating the operation of the step S4-1 until all channels in the ditch are paved, and then filling clay into the joint of two adjacent channels;
s5, planting plants;
planting ecological plants in the cultivation holes of the channel installed in the step S4-2; submerged plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the ditch bottom plate, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the armguard plate.
An earth surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with an intercepting function suitable for the above embodiment is shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, and comprises an intercepting box 1, a collecting box 2, a purifying assembly 3 and a cleaning assembly 4; the interception frame 1 is of a hollow cubic structure, the upper end of the interception frame is open, water through holes 10 are formed in the front end and the rear end of the interception box 1, and sliding frames 11 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the front end face of the interception frame 1; the two collecting boxes 2 are provided, one ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are open and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the intercepting box 1, after the two collecting boxes 2 and the intercepting box 1 are spliced, the cross sections of the two collecting boxes are adaptive to the cross section of a channel, fishing boxes 20 are slidably clamped in the two collecting boxes 2, and hoisting blocks 200 are arranged at the tops of the fishing boxes 20; the purification assembly 3 comprises 3 filter screens 30 and stuffing boxes 31, wherein the filter screens 30 are vertically arranged in the interception box 1, the 3 filter screens 30 are respectively clamped with the inner wall of the interception box 1 in a sliding manner through a filter screen frame 300, the stuffing boxes 31 are arranged between every two adjacent filter screens 30, and the stuffing boxes 31 are filled with purified water filler which is a porous fiber ball with the diameter of 15 mm; the cleaning assembly 4 comprises a cleaning motor 40 and moving scrapers 41, the cleaning motor 40 is arranged on one of the sliding frames 11, a driving lead screw 400 is arranged on an output shaft of the cleaning motor 40, the driving lead screw 400 penetrates through the sliding frame 11, 3 moving scrapers 41 are arranged, two ends of each moving scraper 41 are respectively in sliding clamping connection with the two sliding frames 11 through a sliding block 410, and the sliding block 410 at one end of each moving scraper 41 is in threaded connection with the driving lead screw 400; the cleaning motor 40 is a commercially available product.
Example 2: a land surface ditch reconstruction method with an intercepting function for urban and rural areas comprises the following steps:
s1, trimming the trench;
s1-1, removing impurities and vegetation in the original ditch, trimming the original ditch to the width of 70cm, the depth of 110cm and the slope ratio of 1:1.5, wherein the cross section of the trimmed ditch is of a trapezoidal structure;
s1-2, tamping the trimmed ditches, and reinforcing concrete at the loose position of soil inside the ditches;
s2, reinforcing the ditch;
s2-1, paving a composite fiber net on the inner surface of the ditch processed in the step S1-2, wherein the two sides of the composite fiber net are 35cm higher than the top of the ditch, and anchoring the composite fiber net and the top of the ditch;
s2-2, supporting the mold in the ditch, wherein the mold is adaptive to the structure of the ditch, and the distance between the mold and the inner wall of the ditch is adjusted to be 22 cm;
s2-3, filling a matrix into a gap between the mold and the ditch, vibrating and tamping the matrix, maintaining for 7 days, and then removing the mold; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing ceramsite, slag, biochar, composite portland cement and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1:4: 2; the grain size of the ceramsite is 2-3cm, the grain size of the slag is 3-5cm, and the grain size of the biochar is 0.2-0.3 cm; by filling the ceramsite, the slag and the biochar with different particle sizes, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, and meanwhile, a carbon source is put into the sewage through the biochar to promote the denitrification process in the sewage;
s3, prefabricating channels;
s3-1, designing a channel bottom template and a channel arm template which are adaptive to the channel size after being processed in the step S2-3, respectively installing horizontal and vertical reinforcing steel bars in the channel bottom template and the channel arm template, pouring concrete into each channel bottom template and each channel arm template, and removing the templates after the concrete is completely solidified to obtain a corresponding channel bottom plate and a corresponding arm protection plate; wherein the lengths of the ditch bottom plate and the arm protecting plate are both 180 cm; in the process of preparing the arm protection plate, a planting bar is reserved at one end of the arm protection plate;
s3-2, uniformly forming breeding holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate obtained in the step S3-1, wherein the interval between every two adjacent breeding holes on the same channel bottom plate and the same arm protecting plate is 39 cm; then, arranging installation clamping grooves on two sides of the channel bottom plate, and simultaneously arranging reinforcing holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate;
s4, channel installation;
s4-1, flatly paving the ditch bottom plate obtained in the step S3-2 on the bottom in the ditch processed in the step S2-3, then installing arm protection plates in the installation clamping grooves on the two sides of the ditch bottom plate, enabling the arm protection plates to be tightly attached to the side walls of the ditch, finally drilling holes in the matrix through the reinforcing holes in the ditch bottom plate and the arm protection plates, and pouring by using concrete; completing the installation of a section of channel;
s4-2, repeating the operation of the step S4-1 until all channels in the ditch are paved, and then filling clay into the joint of two adjacent channels; pre-pressing the embedded steel bars on each arm guard plate to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then laying vertical steel bars, and casting concrete to form a gallery, wherein the width of the gallery is 30cm, and the gallery is 10cm higher than the ground; by arranging the gallery, on one hand, the connection stability between the channel and the original ditch can be improved, and on the other hand, earth on the ground surface can be prevented from entering the channel under the action of rainwater washing, so that the stability of the sewage discharge function of the channel is improved;
s5, planting plants;
planting ecological plants in the cultivation holes of the channel installed in the step S4-2; submerged plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the ditch bottom plate, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the armguard plate.
An earth surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with an intercepting function suitable for the above embodiment is shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, and comprises an intercepting box 1, a collecting box 2, a purifying assembly 3 and a cleaning assembly 4; the intercepting frame 1 is of a hollow cubic structure, the upper end of the intercepting frame is open, water through holes 10 are formed in the front end and the rear end of the intercepting box 1, sliding frames 11 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the front end face of the intercepting frame 1, 4 anchoring cones 12 are movably clamped at the bottom of the intercepting box 1 through adjusting grooves 120, and the anchoring cones 12 are movably arranged, so that the positions of the anchoring cones 12 can be conveniently adjusted according to the positions of the cultivation holes in the bottom plate of the channel, and the stability of connection between the intercepting box 1 and the channel can be improved; the two collecting boxes 2 are provided, one ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are open and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the intercepting box 1, after the two collecting boxes 2 and the intercepting box 1 are spliced, the cross sections of the two collecting boxes are adaptive to the cross section of a channel, fishing boxes 20 are slidably clamped in the two collecting boxes 2, and hoisting blocks 200 are arranged at the tops of the fishing boxes 20; the open ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are respectively provided with an elastic sealing plate 21, one side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is fixedly connected with the collecting box 2, the other side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is movably hinged with the bottom of the collecting box 2 through a movable rod 210, the upper end of the collecting box 2 is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate 22, and the movable rods 210 are in sliding clamping connection with the arc-shaped guide plates 22; by arranging the elastic sealing plate 21, the leakage of pollutants in the lifting process of the fishing box 20 can be avoided; the purification assembly 3 comprises 3 filter screens 30 and stuffing boxes 31, wherein the filter screens 30 are vertically arranged in the interception box 1, the 3 filter screens 30 are respectively clamped with the inner wall of the interception box 1 in a sliding manner through a filter screen frame 300, the stuffing boxes 31 are arranged between every two adjacent filter screens 30, and the stuffing boxes 31 are filled with purified water filler which is a porous fiber ball with the diameter of 15 mm; the cleaning assembly 4 comprises a cleaning motor 40 and moving scrapers 41, the cleaning motor 40 is arranged on one of the sliding frames 11, a driving lead screw 400 is arranged on an output shaft of the cleaning motor 40, the driving lead screw 400 penetrates through the sliding frame 11, 3 moving scrapers 41 are arranged, two ends of each moving scraper 41 are respectively in sliding clamping connection with the two sliding frames 11 through a sliding block 410, and the sliding block 410 at one end of each moving scraper 41 is in threaded connection with the driving lead screw 400; the cleaning motor 40 is a commercially available product.
Example 3: a land surface ditch reconstruction method for urban and rural areas with an interception function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, trimming the trench;
s1-1, removing impurities and vegetation in the original ditch, trimming the original ditch to the width of 80cm, the depth of 130cm and the slope ratio of 1:1.8, wherein the cross section of the trimmed ditch is of a trapezoidal structure;
s1-2, tamping the trimmed ditches, and reinforcing concrete at the loose position of soil inside the ditches;
s2, reinforcing the ditch;
s2-1, paving a composite fiber net on the inner surface of the ditch processed in the step S1-2, wherein the two sides of the composite fiber net are 45cm higher than the top of the ditch, and anchoring the composite fiber net and the top of the ditch;
s2-2, supporting the mold in the ditch, wherein the mold is adaptive to the structure of the ditch, and the distance between the mold and the inner wall of the ditch is adjusted to be 25 cm;
s2-3, filling a matrix into a gap between the mold and the ditch, vibrating and tamping the matrix, and removing the mold after 8 days of maintenance; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing ceramsite, slag, biochar, composite portland cement and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1:4: 2; the grain size of the ceramsite is 2-3cm, the grain size of the slag is 4-5cm, and the grain size of the biochar is 0.2-0.3 cm; by filling the ceramsite, the slag and the biochar with different particle sizes, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, and meanwhile, a carbon source is put into the sewage through the biochar to promote the denitrification process in the sewage;
s3, prefabricating channels;
s3-1, designing a channel bottom template and a channel arm template which are adaptive to the channel size after being processed in the step S2-3, respectively installing horizontal and vertical reinforcing steel bars in the channel bottom template and the channel arm template, pouring concrete into each channel bottom template and each channel arm template, and removing the templates after the concrete is completely solidified to obtain a corresponding channel bottom plate and a corresponding arm protection plate; wherein the lengths of the ditch bottom plate and the arm protecting plate are 210 cm;
s3-2, uniformly forming breeding holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate obtained in the step S3-1, wherein the interval between every two adjacent breeding holes on the same channel bottom plate and the same arm protecting plate is 45 cm; then, arranging installation clamping grooves on two sides of the channel bottom plate, and simultaneously arranging reinforcing holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate;
s4, channel installation;
s4-1, flatly paving the ditch bottom plate obtained in the step S3-2 on the bottom in the ditch processed in the step S2-3, then installing arm protection plates in the installation clamping grooves on the two sides of the ditch bottom plate, enabling the arm protection plates to be tightly attached to the side walls of the ditch, finally drilling holes in the matrix through the reinforcing holes in the ditch bottom plate and the arm protection plates, and pouring by using concrete; completing the installation of a section of channel;
s4-2, repeating the operation of the step S4-1 until all channels in the ditch are paved, and then filling clay into the joint of two adjacent channels; arranging a buffering ball cage inside the channel, wherein the outside of the buffering ball cage is wrapped by an anticorrosive fiber net, stones with the particle size of 2cm are filled inside the buffering ball cage, and the height of the buffering ball cage is 15 cm; by arranging the buffering ball cage, not only can the pollutants of the silt in the channel be intercepted, but also the flow velocity of water flow in the channel can be reduced, so that the acting time of ecological plants on sewage is prolonged, and the water purifying capacity of the channel is improved; the installed channel is wave-shaped, and the cultivating holes at the bottom of the channel are distributed in an S shape; the wavy channels and the S-shaped culture holes can greatly reduce the water flow speed, thereby being beneficial to the deposition of suspended substances and particles in sewage and being beneficial to the decomposition of pollutants by ecological plants;
s5, planting plants;
planting ecological plants in the cultivation holes of the channel installed in the step S4-2; submerged plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the ditch bottom plate, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the armguard plate.
An earth surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with an intercepting function suitable for the above embodiment is shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, and comprises an intercepting box 1, a collecting box 2, a purifying assembly 3 and a cleaning assembly 4; the intercepting frame 1 is of a hollow cubic structure, the upper end of the intercepting frame is open, water through holes 10 are formed in the front end and the rear end of the intercepting box 1, sliding frames 11 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the front end face of the intercepting frame 1, 4 anchoring cones 12 are movably clamped at the bottom of the intercepting box 1 through adjusting grooves 120, and the anchoring cones 12 are movably arranged, so that the positions of the anchoring cones 12 can be conveniently adjusted according to the positions of the cultivation holes in the bottom plate of the channel, and the stability of connection between the intercepting box 1 and the channel can be improved; the two collecting boxes 2 are provided, one ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are open and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the intercepting box 1, after the two collecting boxes 2 and the intercepting box 1 are spliced, the cross sections of the two collecting boxes are adaptive to the cross section of a channel, fishing boxes 20 are slidably clamped in the two collecting boxes 2, and hoisting blocks 200 are arranged at the tops of the fishing boxes 20; the open ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are respectively provided with an elastic sealing plate 21, one side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is fixedly connected with the collecting box 2, the other side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is movably hinged with the bottom of the collecting box 2 through a movable rod 210, the upper end of the collecting box 2 is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate 22, and the movable rods 210 are in sliding clamping connection with the arc-shaped guide plates 22; by arranging the elastic sealing plate 21, the leakage of pollutants in the lifting process of the fishing box 20 can be avoided; the purification assembly 3 comprises 3 filter screens 30 and stuffing boxes 31, wherein the filter screens 30 are vertically arranged in the interception box 1, the 3 filter screens 30 are respectively clamped with the inner wall of the interception box 1 in a sliding manner through a filter screen frame 300, the stuffing boxes 31 are arranged between every two adjacent filter screens 30, and purified water fillers are filled in the stuffing boxes 31 and are porous limiting balls with the diameter of 20 mm; the cleaning assembly 4 comprises a cleaning motor 40 and moving scrapers 41, the cleaning motor 40 is arranged on one of the sliding frames 11, a driving lead screw 400 is arranged on an output shaft of the cleaning motor 40, the driving lead screw 400 penetrates through the sliding frame 11, 3 moving scrapers 41 are arranged, two ends of each moving scraper 41 are respectively in sliding clamping connection with the two sliding frames 11 through a sliding block 410, and the sliding block 410 at one end of each moving scraper 41 is in threaded connection with the driving lead screw 400; the cleaning motor 40 is a commercially available product.
Example 4: a land surface ditch reconstruction method for urban and rural areas with an interception function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, trimming the trench;
s1-1, removing impurities and vegetation in the original ditch, trimming the original ditch to a width of 50cm, a depth of 70cm and a side slope ratio of 1:1, wherein the cross section of the trimmed ditch is of a trapezoidal structure; digging an underdrain on the ground of the trimmed ditch, wherein the cross section of the underdrain is of a rectangular structure with the side length of 10cm, paving an anti-corrosion drain pipe inside the underdrain, and backfilling soil on the surface of the anti-corrosion drain pipe; the diversion of underground water is realized through the underground channel, so that the influence of underground underflow on the structural stability of the channel is avoided;
s1-2, tamping the trimmed ditches, and reinforcing concrete at the loose position of soil inside the ditches;
s2, reinforcing the ditch;
s2-1, paving a composite fiber net on the inner surface of the ditch processed in the step S1-2, wherein the two sides of the composite fiber net are 20cm higher than the top of the ditch, and anchoring the composite fiber net and the top of the ditch;
s2-2, supporting the mold in the ditch, wherein the mold is adaptive to the structure of the ditch, and the distance between the mold and the inner wall of the ditch is adjusted to be 15 cm;
s2-3, filling a matrix into a gap between the mold and the ditch, vibrating and tamping the matrix, maintaining for 5-8 days, and then removing the mold; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing ceramsite, slag, biochar, composite portland cement and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1:4: 2;
s3, prefabricating channels;
s3-1, designing a channel bottom template and a channel arm template which are adaptive to the channel size after being processed in the step S2-3, respectively installing horizontal and vertical reinforcing steel bars in the channel bottom template and the channel arm template, pouring concrete into each channel bottom template and each channel arm template, and removing the templates after the concrete is completely solidified to obtain a corresponding channel bottom plate and a corresponding arm protection plate; wherein the lengths of the ditch bottom plate and the arm protecting plate are both 80 cm;
s3-2, uniformly forming breeding holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate obtained in the step S3-1, wherein the interval between every two adjacent breeding holes on the same channel bottom plate and the same arm protecting plate is 25 cm; then, arranging installation clamping grooves on two sides of the channel bottom plate, and simultaneously arranging reinforcing holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate; the grain size of the ceramsite is 2-3cm, the grain size of the slag is 4-5cm, and the grain size of the biochar is 0.2-0.3 cm; by filling the ceramsite, the slag and the biochar with different particle sizes, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, and meanwhile, a carbon source is put into the sewage through the biochar to promote the denitrification process in the sewage;
s4, channel installation;
s4-1, flatly paving the ditch bottom plate obtained in the step S3-2 on the bottom in the ditch processed in the step S2-3, then installing arm protection plates in the installation clamping grooves on the two sides of the ditch bottom plate, enabling the arm protection plates to be tightly attached to the side walls of the ditch, finally drilling holes in the matrix through the reinforcing holes in the ditch bottom plate and the arm protection plates, and pouring by using concrete; completing the installation of a section of channel;
s4-2, repeating the operation of the step S4-1 until all channels in the ditch are paved, and then filling clay into the joint of two adjacent channels; the installed channel is wave-shaped, and the cultivating holes at the bottom of the channel are distributed in an S shape; the wavy channels and the S-shaped culture holes can greatly reduce the water flow speed, thereby being beneficial to the deposition of suspended substances and particles in sewage and being beneficial to the decomposition of pollutants by ecological plants;
s5, planting plants;
planting ecological plants in the cultivation holes of the channel installed in the step S4-2; submerged plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the ditch bottom plate, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the armguard plate.
An earth surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with an intercepting function suitable for the above embodiment is shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, and comprises an intercepting box 1, a collecting box 2, a purifying assembly 3 and a cleaning assembly 4; the intercepting frame 1 is of a hollow cubic structure, the upper end of the intercepting frame is open, water through holes 10 are formed in the front end and the rear end of the intercepting box 1, sliding frames 11 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the front end face of the intercepting frame 1, 4 anchoring cones 12 are movably clamped at the bottom of the intercepting box 1 through adjusting grooves 120, and the anchoring cones 12 are movably arranged, so that the positions of the anchoring cones 12 can be conveniently adjusted according to the positions of the cultivation holes in the bottom plate of the channel, and the stability of connection between the intercepting box 1 and the channel can be improved; the two collecting boxes 2 are provided, one ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are open and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the intercepting box 1, after the two collecting boxes 2 and the intercepting box 1 are spliced, the cross sections of the two collecting boxes are adaptive to the cross section of a channel, fishing boxes 20 are slidably clamped in the two collecting boxes 2, and hoisting blocks 200 are arranged at the tops of the fishing boxes 20; the open ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are respectively provided with an elastic sealing plate 21, one side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is fixedly connected with the collecting box 2, the other side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is movably hinged with the bottom of the collecting box 2 through a movable rod 210, the upper end of the collecting box 2 is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate 22, and the movable rods 210 are in sliding clamping connection with the arc-shaped guide plates 22; by arranging the elastic sealing plate 21, the leakage of pollutants in the lifting process of the fishing box 20 can be avoided; the purification assembly 3 comprises 3 filter screens 30 and stuffing boxes 31, wherein the filter screens 30 are vertically arranged in the interception box 1, the 3 filter screens 30 are respectively connected with the inner wall of the interception box 1 in a sliding and clamping manner through a filter screen frame 300, the stuffing boxes 31 are arranged between every two adjacent filter screens 30, purified water filler is filled in the stuffing boxes 31, and the purified water filler is a porous limiting ball with the particle size of 10-20 mm; the cleaning assembly 4 comprises a cleaning motor 40 and moving scrapers 41, the cleaning motor 40 is arranged on one of the sliding frames 11, a driving lead screw 400 is arranged on an output shaft of the cleaning motor 40, the driving lead screw 400 penetrates through the sliding frame 11, 3 moving scrapers 41 are arranged, two ends of each moving scraper 41 are respectively in sliding clamping connection with the two sliding frames 11 through a sliding block 410, and the sliding block 410 at one end of each moving scraper 41 is in threaded connection with the driving lead screw 400; the cleaning motor 40 is a commercially available product.
Example 5: a land surface ditch reconstruction method for urban and rural areas with an interception function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, trimming the trench;
s1-1, removing impurities and vegetation in the original ditch, trimming the original ditch to the width of 80cm, the depth of 130cm and the slope ratio of 1:1.8, wherein the cross section of the trimmed ditch is of a trapezoidal structure;
s1-2, tamping the trimmed ditches, and reinforcing concrete at the loose position of soil inside the ditches;
s2, reinforcing the ditch;
s2-1, paving a composite fiber net on the inner surface of the ditch processed in the step S1-2, wherein the two sides of the composite fiber net are 45cm higher than the top of the ditch, and anchoring the composite fiber net and the top of the ditch;
s2-2, supporting the mold in the ditch, wherein the mold is adaptive to the structure of the ditch, and the distance between the mold and the inner wall of the ditch is adjusted to be 25 cm;
s2-3, filling a matrix into a gap between the mold and the ditch, vibrating and tamping the matrix, and removing the mold after 8 days of maintenance; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing ceramsite, slag, biochar, composite portland cement and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1:4: 2; the grain size of the ceramsite is 1-2cm, the grain size of the slag is 2-3cm, and the grain size of the biochar is 0.1-0.2 cm; by filling the ceramsite, the slag and the biochar with different particle sizes, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, and meanwhile, a carbon source is put into the sewage through the biochar to promote the denitrification process in the sewage; the matrix is added with a mixed microbial agent accounting for 0.8 percent of the total mass of the matrix, and the mixed microbial agent is formed by mixing paracoccus of dephosphorization denitrogen bacteria, agrobacterium flocculobacteria and bacillus of COD degrading bacteria according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 1; by adding the mixed microbial agent, microorganisms are utilized to convert organic pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sewage, so that the absorption and utilization of ecological plants are promoted;
s3, prefabricating channels;
s3-1, designing a channel bottom template and a channel arm template which are adaptive to the channel size after being processed in the step S2-3, respectively installing horizontal and vertical reinforcing steel bars in the channel bottom template and the channel arm template, pouring concrete into each channel bottom template and each channel arm template, and removing the templates after the concrete is completely solidified to obtain a corresponding channel bottom plate and a corresponding arm protection plate; wherein the lengths of the ditch bottom plate and the arm protecting plate are both 80 cm;
s3-2, uniformly forming breeding holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate obtained in the step S3-1, wherein the interval between every two adjacent breeding holes on the same channel bottom plate and the same arm protecting plate is 25 cm; then, arranging installation clamping grooves on two sides of the channel bottom plate, and simultaneously arranging reinforcing holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate;
s4, channel installation;
s4-1, flatly paving the ditch bottom plate obtained in the step S3-2 on the bottom in the ditch processed in the step S2-3, then installing arm protection plates in the installation clamping grooves on the two sides of the ditch bottom plate, enabling the arm protection plates to be tightly attached to the side walls of the ditch, finally drilling holes in the matrix through the reinforcing holes in the ditch bottom plate and the arm protection plates, and pouring by using concrete; completing the installation of a section of channel;
s4-2, repeating the operation of the step S4-1 until all channels in the ditch are paved, and then filling clay into the joint of two adjacent channels; the installed channel is wave-shaped, and the cultivating holes at the bottom of the channel are distributed in an S shape; the wavy channels and the S-shaped culture holes can greatly reduce the water flow speed, thereby being beneficial to the deposition of suspended substances and particles in sewage and being beneficial to the decomposition of pollutants by ecological plants;
s5, planting plants;
planting ecological plants in the cultivation holes of the channel installed in the step S4-2; submerged plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the ditch bottom plate, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the armguard plate.
An earth surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with an intercepting function suitable for the above embodiment is shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, and comprises an intercepting box 1, a collecting box 2, a purifying assembly 3 and a cleaning assembly 4; the intercepting frame 1 is of a hollow cubic structure, the upper end of the intercepting frame is open, water through holes 10 are formed in the front end and the rear end of the intercepting box 1, sliding frames 11 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the front end face of the intercepting frame 1, 4 anchoring cones 12 are movably clamped at the bottom of the intercepting box 1 through adjusting grooves 120, and the anchoring cones 12 are movably arranged, so that the positions of the anchoring cones 12 can be conveniently adjusted according to the positions of the cultivation holes in the bottom plate of the channel, and the stability of connection between the intercepting box 1 and the channel can be improved; the two collecting boxes 2 are provided, one ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are open and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the intercepting box 1, after the two collecting boxes 2 and the intercepting box 1 are spliced, the cross sections of the two collecting boxes are adaptive to the cross section of a channel, fishing boxes 20 are slidably clamped in the two collecting boxes 2, and hoisting blocks 200 are arranged at the tops of the fishing boxes 20; the open ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are respectively provided with an elastic sealing plate 21, one side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is fixedly connected with the collecting box 2, the other side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is movably hinged with the bottom of the collecting box 2 through a movable rod 210, the upper end of the collecting box 2 is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate 22, and the movable rods 210 are in sliding clamping connection with the arc-shaped guide plates 22; by arranging the elastic sealing plate 21, the leakage of pollutants in the lifting process of the fishing box 20 can be avoided; the purification assembly 3 comprises 3 filter screens 30 and stuffing boxes 31, wherein the filter screens 30 are vertically arranged in the interception box 1, the 3 filter screens 30 are respectively connected with the inner wall of the interception box 1 in a sliding and clamping manner through a filter screen frame 300, the stuffing boxes 31 are arranged between every two adjacent filter screens 30, purified water filler is filled in the stuffing boxes 31, and the purified water filler is a porous limiting ball with the particle size of 10-20 mm; the cleaning assembly 4 comprises a cleaning motor 40 and moving scrapers 41, the cleaning motor 40 is arranged on one of the sliding frames 11, a driving lead screw 400 is arranged on an output shaft of the cleaning motor 40, the driving lead screw 400 penetrates through the sliding frame 11, 3 moving scrapers 41 are arranged, two ends of each moving scraper 41 are respectively in sliding clamping connection with the two sliding frames 11 through a sliding block 410, and the sliding block 410 at one end of each moving scraper 41 is in threaded connection with the driving lead screw 400; the cleaning motor 40 is a commercially available product.
Example 6: a land surface ditch reconstruction method for urban and rural areas with an interception function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, trimming the trench;
s1-1, removing impurities and vegetation in the original ditch, trimming the original ditch to the width of 80cm, the depth of 130cm and the slope ratio of 1:1.8, wherein the cross section of the trimmed ditch is of a trapezoidal structure; digging an underdrain on the ground of the trimmed ditch, wherein the cross section of the underdrain is of a rectangular structure with the side length of 20cm, paving an anti-corrosion drain pipe inside the underdrain, and backfilling soil on the surface of the anti-corrosion drain pipe; the diversion of underground water is realized through the underground channel, so that the influence of underground underflow on the structural stability of the channel is avoided;
s1-2, tamping the trimmed ditches, and reinforcing concrete at the loose position of soil inside the ditches;
s2, reinforcing the ditch;
s2-1, paving a composite fiber net on the inner surface of the ditch processed in the step S1-2, wherein the two sides of the composite fiber net are 45cm higher than the top of the ditch, and anchoring the composite fiber net and the top of the ditch;
s2-2, supporting the mold in the ditch, wherein the mold is adaptive to the structure of the ditch, and the distance between the mold and the inner wall of the ditch is adjusted to be 25 cm;
s2-3, filling a matrix into a gap between the mold and the ditch, vibrating and tamping the matrix, and removing the mold after 8 days of maintenance; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing ceramsite, slag, biochar, composite portland cement and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1:4: 2; the grain size of the ceramsite is 2-3cm, the grain size of the slag is 3-5cm, and the grain size of the biochar is 0.1-0.2 cm; by filling the ceramsite, the slag and the biochar with different particle sizes, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, and meanwhile, a carbon source is put into the sewage through the biochar to promote the denitrification process in the sewage; the matrix is added with a mixed microbial agent accounting for 4.5 percent of the total mass of the matrix, and the mixed microbial agent is formed by mixing paracoccus of dephosphorization denitrogen bacteria, agrobacterium flocculobacteria and bacillus of COD degrading bacteria according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 1; by adding the mixed microbial agent, microorganisms are utilized to convert organic pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sewage, so that the absorption and utilization of ecological plants are promoted;
s3, prefabricating channels;
s3-1, designing a channel bottom template and a channel arm template which are adaptive to the channel size after being processed in the step S2-3, respectively installing horizontal and vertical reinforcing steel bars in the channel bottom template and the channel arm template, pouring concrete into each channel bottom template and each channel arm template, and removing the templates after the concrete is completely solidified to obtain a corresponding channel bottom plate and a corresponding arm protection plate; wherein the lengths of the ditch bottom plate and the arm protecting plate are 210 cm; in the process of preparing the arm protection plate, a planting bar is reserved at one end of the arm protection plate;
s3-2, uniformly forming breeding holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate obtained in the step S3-1, wherein the interval between every two adjacent breeding holes on the same channel bottom plate and the same arm protecting plate is 45 cm; then, arranging installation clamping grooves on two sides of the channel bottom plate, and simultaneously arranging reinforcing holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate;
s4, channel installation;
s4-1, flatly paving the ditch bottom plate obtained in the step S3-2 on the bottom in the ditch processed in the step S2-3, then installing arm protection plates in the installation clamping grooves on the two sides of the ditch bottom plate, enabling the arm protection plates to be tightly attached to the side walls of the ditch, finally drilling holes in the matrix through the reinforcing holes in the ditch bottom plate and the arm protection plates, and pouring by using concrete; completing the installation of a section of channel;
s4-2, repeating the operation of the step S4-1 until all channels in the ditch are paved, and then filling clay into the joint of two adjacent channels; pre-pressing the embedded steel bars on each arm guard plate to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then laying vertical steel bars, and casting concrete to form a gallery, wherein the width of the gallery is 60cm, and the gallery is 20cm higher than the ground; by arranging the gallery, on one hand, the connection stability between the channel and the original ditch can be improved, and on the other hand, earth on the ground surface can be prevented from entering the channel under the action of rainwater washing, so that the stability of the sewage discharge function of the channel is improved; arranging a buffering ball cage inside the channel, wherein the outside of the buffering ball cage is wrapped by an anticorrosive fiber net, stones with the particle size of 5cm are filled inside the buffering ball cage, and the height of the buffering ball cage is 30 cm; by arranging the buffering ball cage, not only can the pollutants of the silt in the channel be intercepted, but also the flow velocity of water flow in the channel can be reduced, so that the acting time of ecological plants on sewage is prolonged, and the water purifying capacity of the channel is improved; the installed channel is wave-shaped, and the cultivating holes at the bottom of the channel are distributed in an S shape; the wavy channels and the S-shaped culture holes can greatly reduce the water flow speed, thereby being beneficial to the deposition of suspended substances and particles in sewage and being beneficial to the decomposition of pollutants by ecological plants;
s5, planting plants;
planting ecological plants in the cultivation holes of the channel installed in the step S4-2; submerged plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the ditch bottom plate, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the armguard plate.
An earth surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with an intercepting function suitable for the above embodiment is shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, and comprises an intercepting box 1, a collecting box 2, a purifying assembly 3 and a cleaning assembly 4; the intercepting frame 1 is of a hollow cubic structure, the upper end of the intercepting frame is open, water through holes 10 are formed in the front end and the rear end of the intercepting box 1, sliding frames 11 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the front end face of the intercepting frame 1, 4 anchoring cones 12 are movably clamped at the bottom of the intercepting box 1 through adjusting grooves 120, and the anchoring cones 12 are movably arranged, so that the positions of the anchoring cones 12 can be conveniently adjusted according to the positions of the cultivation holes in the bottom plate of the channel, and the stability of connection between the intercepting box 1 and the channel can be improved; the two collecting boxes 2 are provided, one ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are open and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the intercepting box 1, after the two collecting boxes 2 and the intercepting box 1 are spliced, the cross sections of the two collecting boxes are adaptive to the cross section of a channel, fishing boxes 20 are slidably clamped in the two collecting boxes 2, and hoisting blocks 200 are arranged at the tops of the fishing boxes 20; the open ends of the two collecting boxes 2 are respectively provided with an elastic sealing plate 21, one side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is fixedly connected with the collecting box 2, the other side of each elastic sealing plate 21 is movably hinged with the bottom of the collecting box 2 through a movable rod 210, the upper end of the collecting box 2 is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate 22, and the movable rods 210 are in sliding clamping connection with the arc-shaped guide plates 22; by arranging the elastic sealing plate 21, the leakage of pollutants in the lifting process of the fishing box 20 can be avoided; the purification assembly 3 comprises 3 filter screens 30 and stuffing boxes 31, wherein the filter screens 30 are vertically arranged in the interception box 1, the 3 filter screens 30 are respectively connected with the inner wall of the interception box 1 in a sliding and clamping manner through a filter screen frame 300, the stuffing boxes 31 are arranged between every two adjacent filter screens 30, purified water filler is filled in the stuffing boxes 31, and the purified water filler is a porous limiting ball with the particle size of 10-20 mm; the cleaning assembly 4 comprises a cleaning motor 40 and moving scrapers 41, the cleaning motor 40 is arranged on one of the sliding frames 11, a driving lead screw 400 is arranged on an output shaft of the cleaning motor 40, the driving lead screw 400 penetrates through the sliding frame 11, 3 moving scrapers 41 are arranged, two ends of each moving scraper 41 are respectively in sliding clamping connection with the two sliding frames 11 through a sliding block 410, and the sliding block 410 at one end of each moving scraper 41 is in threaded connection with the driving lead screw 400; the cleaning motor 40 is a commercially available product.
Test example: the method of the embodiment 1-6 of the invention is respectively used for transforming the urban and rural surface ditches, and after the transformation is completed, the interception and purification effects of the ecological ditches under different transformation methods on the urban and rural sewage are researched by using a dynamic simulation test;
the test method comprises the following steps:
step one, manually configuring TP 4.17mg.L-1、NH3-N 20.39mg.L-1、COD 272.27mg.L-1The test raw water of (1);
step two, injecting test raw water into the ditches reformed in the embodiments 1 to 6 respectively, wherein the water inflow of the test raw water is controlled to be 5m3H, test duration 15 days;
after the test is finished, determining the concentration of TP by adopting a potassium persulfate-antimony molybdenum oxide spectrophotometric method, determining the concentration of NH3-N by adopting a Nashiner reagent spectrophotometric method, and determining the concentration of COD by adopting a potassium dichromate digestion method; the test results are shown in table 1:
table 1, influence of ecological ditches under different reconstruction methods on urban and rural sewage interception and purification effect;
Figure BDA0003230108460000201
Figure BDA0003230108460000211
the test result shows that: compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 has the advantages that the gallery is arranged, so that the connection stability between the channel and the original ditch can be improved, earth on the ground surface can be prevented from entering the channel under the action of rainwater washing, and the stability of the pollution discharge function of the channel is improved; by filling the ceramsite, the slag and the biochar with different particle sizes, the water permeability of the matrix can be improved, and meanwhile, a carbon source is put into the sewage through the biochar to promote the denitrification process in the sewage; compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 3 has the advantages that by arranging the buffering ball cage, not only can the pollutants of silt in the channel be intercepted, but also the flow velocity of water flow in the channel can be reduced, so that the acting time of ecological plants on sewage is prolonged, and the water purifying capacity of the channel is improved; compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 4 realizes the flow guide of underground water through the underground channel, and avoids the influence of underground underflow on the structural stability of the channel; the wavy channels and the S-shaped culture holes can greatly reduce the water flow speed, thereby being beneficial to the deposition of suspended substances and particles in sewage and being beneficial to the decomposition of pollutants by ecological plants; example 5 compared with example 1, the substrate is added with a mixed microbial agent consisting of paracoccus of dephosphorizing and denitriding bacteria, agrobacterium of flocculating bacteria and bacillus of COD degrading bacteria, and microorganisms are utilized to convert organic pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage, so that the absorption and utilization of ecological plants are promoted; compared with the embodiments 1 to 5, the embodiment 6 has better interception and purification effects on sewage due to comprehensive optimization of various favorable conditions.

Claims (10)

1. A land surface ditch reconstruction method for urban and rural areas with an interception function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, trimming the trench;
s1-1, removing impurities and vegetation in the original ditch, trimming the original ditch to a width of 50-80cm, a depth of 70-130cm and a slope ratio of 1:1-1.8, wherein the cross section of the trimmed ditch is of a trapezoidal structure;
s1-2, tamping the trimmed ditches, and reinforcing concrete at the loose position of soil inside the ditches;
s2, reinforcing the ditch;
s2-1, paving a composite fiber net on the inner surface of the ditch processed in the step S1-2, wherein two sides of the composite fiber net are 20-45cm higher than the top of the ditch, and anchoring the composite fiber net and the top of the ditch;
s2-2, supporting a mold in the ditch, wherein the mold is adapted to the structure of the ditch, and the distance between the mold and the inner wall of the ditch is adjusted to be 15-25 cm;
s2-3, filling a matrix into a gap between the mold and the ditch, carrying out vibration tamping treatment on the matrix, and dismantling the mold after curing for 5-8 days; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing ceramsite, slag, biochar, composite portland cement and water according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1:4: 2;
s3, prefabricating channels;
s3-1, designing a channel bottom template and a channel arm template which are adaptive to the channel size after being processed in the step S2-3, respectively installing horizontal and vertical reinforcing steel bars in the channel bottom template and the channel arm template, pouring concrete into each channel bottom template and each channel arm template, and removing the templates after the concrete is completely solidified to obtain a corresponding channel bottom plate and a corresponding arm protection plate; wherein the lengths of the ditch bottom plate and the guard arm plate are both 80-210 cm;
s3-2, uniformly forming breeding holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate obtained in the step S3-1, wherein the interval between every two adjacent breeding holes on the same channel bottom plate and the same arm protecting plate is 25-45 cm; then, arranging installation clamping grooves on two sides of the channel bottom plate, and simultaneously arranging reinforcing holes on the channel bottom plate and the arm protecting plate;
s4, channel installation;
s4-1, flatly paving the ditch bottom plate obtained in the step S3-2 on the bottom in the ditch processed in the step S2-3, then installing arm protection plates in the installation clamping grooves on the two sides of the ditch bottom plate, enabling the arm protection plates to be tightly attached to the side walls of the ditch, finally drilling holes in the matrix through the reinforcing holes in the ditch bottom plate and the arm protection plates, and pouring by using concrete; completing the installation of a section of channel;
s4-2, repeating the operation of the step S4-1 until all channels in the ditch are paved, and then filling clay into the joint of two adjacent channels;
s5, planting plants;
planting ecological plants in the cultivation holes of the channel installed in the step S4-2; submerged plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the ditch bottom plate, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation holes of the armguard plate.
2. The method for reconstructing an urban and rural ground surface ditch with intercepting function according to claim 1, wherein in step S3-1, a planting bar is reserved at one end in the process of preparing the arm guard plate, after step S4-2 is completed, the planting bar on each arm guard plate is pre-pressed to be parallel to the horizontal plane, then vertical steel bars are laid, and concrete is cast to form a corridor, wherein the width of the corridor is 30-60cm, and the corridor is 10-20cm higher than the ground.
3. The method for reconstructing surface ditches for urban and rural areas with intercepting function according to claim 1, wherein after step S4-2 is completed, a buffering ball cage is arranged inside the ditch, the outside of the buffering ball cage is wrapped by an anti-corrosion fiber net, the inside of the buffering ball cage is filled with stones with a particle size of 2-5cm, and the height of the buffering ball cage is 15-30 cm.
4. The method for transforming urban and rural surface ditches with intercepting function according to claim 1, wherein in step S2-3, the particle size of the ceramsite is 1-3cm, the particle size of the slag is 2-5cm, and the particle size of the biochar is 0.1-0.3 cm.
5. The method for reconstructing an urban and rural surface ditch with intercepting function according to claim 1, wherein before the step S1-2, an underdrain is dug in steps on the trimmed ditch, the cross section of the underdrain is a rectangular structure with a side length of 10-20cm, then an anti-corrosion drain pipe is laid inside the underdrain, and soil is backfilled on the surface of the anti-corrosion drain pipe.
6. The method for transforming urban and rural surface ditches with intercepting function according to claim 1, wherein in step S4-2, the installed channel is in a wave shape, and the cultivation holes at the bottom of the channel are in an S-shaped distribution.
7. The urban and rural land surface ditch reconstruction method with interception function according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2-3, a mixed microbial agent with a total mass of 0.8-4.5% is added into the matrix, and the mixed microbial agent is formed by mixing dephosphorizing and denitriding paracoccus bacteria, flocculation bacteria agrobacterium and COD degrading bacteria bacillus according to a mass ratio of 1:2: 1.
8. The earth surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with the intercepting function is characterized by comprising an intercepting box (1), a collecting box (2), a purifying assembly (3) and a cleaning assembly (4); the intercepting frame (1) is of a hollow cubic structure, the upper end of the intercepting frame is open, water through holes (10) are formed in the front end and the rear end of the intercepting box (1), and sliding frames (11) are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the front end face of the intercepting frame (1); the two collecting boxes (2) are provided, one ends of the two collecting boxes (2) are open and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the intercepting box (1), after the two collecting boxes (2) and the intercepting box (1) are spliced, the cross sections of the collecting boxes are adapted to the cross section of the channel, fishing boxes (20) are slidably clamped in the two collecting boxes (2), and hoisting blocks (200) are arranged at the tops of the fishing boxes (20); the purification assembly (3) comprises filter screens (30) and stuffing boxes (31), wherein 2-4 filter screens (30) are vertically arranged in the interception box (1), and are respectively in sliding clamping connection with the inner wall of the interception box (1) through a filter screen frame (300), the stuffing boxes (31) are arranged between two adjacent filter screens (30), and purified water fillers are filled in the stuffing boxes (31); clearance subassembly (4) are including clearance motor (40) and removal scraper blade (41), clearance motor (40) set up one of them on carriage (11), be provided with drive screw (400) on the output shaft of clearance motor (40), drive screw (400) run through carriage (11), it is provided with 2-4 to remove scraper blade (41), and slider (410) and two carriage (11) slip joint are passed through respectively at the both ends of each removal scraper blade (41), and slider (410) and drive screw (400) threaded connection of each removal scraper blade (41) one end.
9. The urban and rural ground surface ditch intercepting and purifying assembly with intercepting function according to claim 8, characterized in that the open ends of the two collecting boxes (2) are respectively provided with an elastic sealing plate (21), one side of each elastic sealing plate (21) is fixedly connected with the collecting box (2), the other side of each elastic sealing plate is movably hinged with the bottom of the collecting box (2) through a movable rod (210), the upper end of the collecting box (2) is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate (22), and the movable rods (210) are in sliding clamping connection with the arc-shaped guide plates (22).
10. The method for transforming urban and rural surface ditches with intercepting function according to claim 1, wherein in step S4-2, the installed channel is in an S shape.
CN202110984065.4A 2021-08-25 2021-08-25 Urban and rural ground surface ditch reconstruction method with interception function and interception and purification assembly Active CN113718713B (en)

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CN115162277A (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-10-11 江苏海洋大学 Guiding device for hydraulic engineering planning

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